What kind of doctor is an orthopedist? Baby at the orthopedist: where should the doctor look and what he can find

An orthopedist is a doctor who deals with problems of the musculoskeletal system. His competence includes the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of people with deforming or traumatic lesions of bones, joints, muscles, and ligaments. In addition to a regular orthopedic surgeon, you can find an orthopedic surgeon who specializes in surgery and solves musculoskeletal and systemic problems through surgery.

The Otradnoe Polyclinic sees orthopedists and traumatologists - pediatric and adult specialists with extensive experience. We offer modern equipment, the latest medical developments and an integrated approach. To make an appointment, you can use the online form or call the phone number listed on the website.

What does an orthopedic doctor treat?

Orthopedic pathologies are conventionally divided into injuries, consequences of chronic diseases, acquired deformities and congenital malformations. Most common problems:

• postural disorders - scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis;
• congenital malformations - dwarfism, clubfoot, congenital hip dislocation, arthrogryposis (congenital underdevelopment of the limbs);
• joint deformation due to acute and chronic processes - osteochondrosis, deforming osteoarthritis, necrosis of the articular head;
• benign neoplasms of bone tissue - cysts, tumors;
• various types of injuries - open and closed fractures, dislocations, sprains, partial or complete loss of a limb;
• congenital and acquired torticollis of various etiologies;
• flat feet.

The treatment approach in each of these cases may be different, so even in general orthopedics there is its own specialization.

Which doctors practice orthopedics?

The direction of orthopedic activity can be different:

• Orthopedist in the usual sense, this is a specialist who deals with the correction of congenital and acquired deformities, old injuries, inflammatory and dystrophic pathologies of the joints. He uses predominantly conservative treatment methods: wearing prostheses and orthoses, taking medications, massage, plaster casting, and physiotherapy. This set of capabilities allows you to treat simple types of injuries (closed fracture, scoliosis, flat feet), as well as compensate for more serious pathologies that cannot be completely cured (muscle spasticity in cerebral palsy, loss of a limb).
• Traumatologist deals with acute, newly acquired injuries - fractures, dislocations, sprains, but his differences with an orthopedist are so relative that a graduate of an internship/residency receives the general specialization of “orthopedic traumatologist.”
• Orthopedic surgeon treats like a regular orthopedist, but with a more radical approach. It helps in cases where conservative therapy is impossible or does not bring the desired result: open and complex fractures, arthritic destruction of joints, limbs that are too short or uneven in length, skeletal deformities that interfere with the functioning of internal organs, etc.

On a note! Damage to the musculoskeletal system can be a consequence of other internal pathologies, so the work of an orthopedist closely intersects with neurology, endocrinology, and immunology. Without consulting relevant specialists, it is difficult to cure some diseases of the musculoskeletal system, such as osteoporosis, intervertebral hernia, rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis.

Narrower areas of related types are also related to orthopedics:

• prosthetics - replacement of lost or non-functional structures with artificial surrogates - prostheses;
• therapeutic rehabilitation - a set of measures to restore or compensate for the functions of the human body;
• sports medicine - deals with medical control over the training of students;
• podiatry - treatment of diseases of the foot and lower leg;
• vertebrology - a section that studies pathologies of the spinal column, etc.

What does an orthopedist do during an appointment?

A doctor's consultation includes taking a medical history, listening to complaints and a full visual examination.

What does the orthopedist look for first:

• posture and condition of the spine as a whole;
• joint mobility;
• presence of reflexes;
• gait.

If necessary, he prescribes additional diagnostics using radiography, ultrasound, scintigraphy (radioisotope scanning), histology and tissue cytology (for example, synovial fluid).

Treatment methods in orthopedics

Based on the diagnostic results, treatment is carried out using conservative and/or surgical methods.

Conservative methods

Drug therapy involves taking medications

• anti-inflammatory drugs - corticosteroids and NSAIDs;
• muscle relaxants - to eliminate spasms and muscle contractures;
• drugs to improve blood microcirculation;
• restorative biostimulants and chondroprotectors;
• painkillers;
• vitamin and mineral complexes containing calcium, silicon, manganese, zinc, copper, vitamins D, A, C, etc.;

Immobilization necessary to fix damaged structures in a physiologically correct position. Plastering and fixing bandages, splints, and skeletal traction using knitting needles are used.

Wearing orthoses, prostheses, corrective devices allows you to compensate, and in some cases (posture corrector) - even restore the normal function of the musculoskeletal system.

Physiotherapy, exercise therapy and manual therapy- effective in the work of rehabilitation specialists. They allow you to develop the damaged area, relieve spasms, contractures, and restore normal blood circulation in the tissues.

Surgical intervention

Surgical orthopedics is actively mastering computer modeling, endoprosthetics, and osteosynthesis techniques. It has become commonplace:

• osteosynthesis devices - Ilizarov devices for fixing fragments and restoring normal bone structure;
• artificial joints - both the entire joint and its individual structures, for example, an endoprosthesis of joint fluid;
• joint endoscopy (arthroscopy).

On a note! The most complex operations take place at the intersection of orthopedics and neurology. In addition to vertebral surgery, hand surgery is very popular, which allows you to treat the so-called carpal syndrome (the most common type of carpal tunnel syndrome).

I would like to thank the doctor Daskovsky S.V. for your sensitive attitude towards patients and excellent work! Thanks a lot!

Yanina Eduardovna, patient of the clinic

She underwent treatment at the clinic on Moskovsky Prospekt, building 224 B in October 2019. I would like to express my gratitude to the entire team and my attending physician, Elena Arkadyevna Lisina, for her patience, professionalism, and attitude towards her professional responsibilities. I will be happy to come to prevent my illnesses. I wish you success in your noble cause. With respect, Nadezhda.

Nadezhda Klyueva

I would like to say a huge thank you to Alexander Chukaev. Half a year has already passed since the treatment, but I still constantly think about how good it is that I got to see him! I came to see him already in despair. At that time I was 25 years old and I had been limping badly due to pain in the inner thigh for 1.5 years. I could not only engage in any active activities (running, any outdoor games in nature, etc.), but also simply walk normally. I visited 5 doctors before him, including the clinic, medical unit 122, where I reached the head of the traumatology department, and 3 paid clinics. I went through all the tests (MRI, ultrasound, x-ray) and NO ONE could tell me what was wrong. Everyone agreed: “this is not a joint.” Everyone wrote some recommendations, but there was nothing concrete. I was given a course of magnetic therapy, a blockade was injected, ointments were prescribed, but nothing gave even a short-term effect. Alexander immediately determined the diagnosis, explained everything in great detail and showed it in pictures, answered all my stupid questions, prescribed treatment, which he constantly supervised, and after 2 months I was able to walk without limping! Now, for all questions, contact him only :)

Yana (clinic patient at Moskovskaya metro station)

In short - SPECIALIST.

Sergey Mikhalchenko

I underwent treatment at the clinic, it helped, I got rid of neck pain. Thanks to the doctors for their professionalism and the staff for their attentiveness. Special thanks to S. N. Paranko, O. Yu. Kipriyanova, E. V. Khislavskaya. Review left by N. V. Adueva. Grateful for your help.

Adueva Nina Vitalievna

In September, she underwent treatment at a clinic on Moskovsky Prospekt, 224B. I would like to thank my attending neurologist Elena Arkadyevna Lisina for her professionalism, patience and kindness in communicating with patients, as well as the entire clinic staff for conscientiously completing the assigned tasks. I would like to express special gratitude for the work performed at a high professional level to the chiropractor Felix Sergeevich Kondratovsky and the massage therapist Stanislav Aleksandrovich Ilyushin. Good luck to you in your difficult task! Svetlana.

Svetlana (clinic at Moskovskaya metro station)

I was satisfied with my visit to the clinic and treatment of the spine on Polyustrovsky Prospekt. Very friendly environment. Many thanks to the entire team, especially Platonov A.S., Knyuzheva E.N., Tukhvatullin R.R.

Ramilya

The month of my treatment has now ended. The result is that I am doing something that I haven’t done for a long, long time myself. Now the child's motion sickness does not go through tears, cleaning the floors does not seem like hard labor, and painkillers are where they are needed - in the first aid kit. Dear Andrei Sergeevich and Stanislav Aleksandrovich, whom I have already loved so much, it seems to me that you have a special magic - returning a person to earth. Essentially, my entire recovery rested on your shoulders, and you handled it in the best possible way. Elena Arkadyevna, thank you for your professionalism! Alexander Vladimirovich, I haven’t known you for long, but you also made me sweat, a true lover of pain: D of course, only in a good way. In general, thank you very much to everyone who had a hand in me. Well done! Sincerely, Anastasia Valerievna

Anastasia Valerievna

Excellent massage therapist, attentive and friendly.

Svetlana 08/26/2019

Thanks for the wonderful massage! I'm just delighted! The best massage therapist:)

Maria 08/25/2019

Dmitry Vyacheslavovich is an excellent specialist. He understands perfectly what muscles need to be worked and what to do with them. Attentive and friendly. Gives useful recommendations.

Vladimir Lokalov

This is not the first time I come to the Health Workshop - one joint hurts, then another, or my back ache. My doctor is Kryukov A.S. Every time he quickly and accurately diagnoses and prescribes effective treatment. True, the last time my knee did not want to give in to any manipulation for a long time, it hurt and poisoned my life. I was already starting to despair, but every time Alexander Sergeevich answered my whining: “Don’t worry, everything will be fine.” And indeed, after two months of treatment, I finally stopped limping and things started to improve. Thank you very much to Dr. Kryukov for his high professionalism.

Musatova Z.K.

I came for an ultrasound straight from training. I didn’t group well when I fell and hit my knee on the tatami. The pain is terrible and the crunch is so unpleasant))) In short, it was urgent to see what was there and how it was. It’s a lot of sawing and sawing to the nearest emergency room, but it’s not far from the Health Workshop)) Thank you for accepting me without an appointment, looking at me from all sides. In short, yes, it’s not very pleasant. Without surgery, but with a cast. They numbed me right there and put me in a cast. The doctors are very cool, they get involved right away, no one throws snot on their fist. Everything is clearly fast and to the point. Service is up to par. Well, and accordingly it doesn’t cost three kopecks. But consider instant assistance and a whole list of prescriptions as procedures and medications. I’ll get treatment, but what can I do? The main thing is that the meniscus is intact)))

Oksana P.

The left knee began to bend worse, plus constant pain when walking. When it became completely unbearable to even just lean on this leg, I went to the Health Workshop. Firstly, it was closest to home, and secondly, it was very successful to get to a window where there were no patients. My daughter brought it by car. True, it was not possible to park the car near the center; everything was packed to capacity. They hobbled for a whole block. OK. They came for the procedure, laid me on the bed, and began to see what was going on there. It was not very pleasant due to my bad knee, but tolerable. Then I immediately went to a local orthopedist for a consultation and made a diagnosis... Now I will be treated according to all the prescriptions. Don't waste your health!

Nikolai Petrovich

I brought my mother to the Health Workshop for an ultrasound of her knee joints; lately she has been complaining about them very often. We made an appointment and arrived at the appointed time, but had to wait because the previous patient was delayed. We waited ten minutes and my mother was admitted. They also let me into the office, since my mother was already very old and could not walk well herself. During the examination, the doctor explained in great detail what kind of trouble we had. Then he gave us the results and suggested that we immediately come to their orthopedist so that they could tell us in more detail how to be treated. Elena Nikolaevna Bogacheva received us. A very pleasant and polite woman. Mom turned out to have arthrosis; for her age this is, of course, almost the norm, but still we were prescribed treatment to at least relieve the pain and make movement easier. We have just started the procedures. I really hope everything will be fine!

Mariska

It seems to me that everyone has undergone an ultrasound procedure, at least once. They don’t do anything fundamentally new at the Health Workshop. I don’t understand the equipment, so I can’t say anything about their apparatus. The procedure was standard, about 20 minutes. First, they touched the knee with a sensor on one side, then on the other. On a pleasant note: the local gel was easily removed with a napkin and did not leave any unpleasant sticky spots on the skin. Immediately after the procedure, they give you the result plus explain in detail what is wrong at all. Then you can go to an appointment with a local orthopedist so that effective treatment can be prescribed based on the existing diagnosis.

Victor

I chose the Health Workshop because of the recommendations of a friend who visited local specialists. I needed to have an ultrasound of my knee because it started to hurt a lot after the impact. Traumatology did not find any injuries, but the pain did not go away. I arrived at the Ministry of Health at 20:30, at the appointed time. It’s very convenient that you can make an appointment like this, after work. I was accepted right away, the procedure took less than 15 minutes, I think. Moreover, during the process the doctor explained in detail what he saw on the screen. It turned out to be a sprain, nothing serious. But I was advised several ointments and simple actions that would help me recover faster. I paid 1,720 rubles for the appointment. No more expensive than other clinics.

Anna Albertovna

I tried to get an appointment with an uzist at a municipal clinic, there were such queues - just mom, don’t worry... In general, in the end I decided that it would be better to give me the money, but I would immediately find out what my problem was. I signed up for an ultrasound at the Health Workshop. I arrived about twenty minutes early, sat in the corridor, and waited for my time. Accepted immediately. It’s nice that the gel here is not as brutally cold as is usually the case, so there is no discomfort during the procedure. Plus, I wiped it off with a simple napkin, which the doctor gave me, and there were no traces left on my skin or clothes. The results were immediately available. It’s so easy to get excellent service and instant results if you just go to a private clinic!

Rennira

I had an ultrasound of the hip joint at the Health Workshop. I spent about half an hour, taking into account payment and obtaining results. The price of the procedure is 1690 rubles, the average for St. Petersburg. In principle, I think an ultrasound could be done for free at the municipal hospital, but I don’t have time to sit in lines, especially since even with the coupon system there are grandmothers who try to get in on a first-come, first-served basis. But here, of course, there is no such thing, everything is very organized and cultural. In addition, in principle there are no crowds in the corridors; everyone arrives at the appointed time. Very comfortably. The work was well organized, well done!

Alexander

Every person will have to get acquainted with the majority of doctors during their life - therapists and surgeons, especially in a clinic, treat the most common diseases. They may have some kind of narrow specialization that deepens their knowledge in a certain body system. Therefore, such doctors have a much better understanding of diseases of the digestive or nervous system, which allows them to more effectively diagnose and treat their various lesions.

But what does an orthopedic doctor do? Contrary to the misconceptions of many patients, this specialist does not select orthopedic products or devices. Orthopedics is a fairly large branch of medicine that studies the proper development of the musculoskeletal system. And the knowledge accumulated over years of practice makes it possible to treat many diseases that lead to disruption of the normal functioning of skeletal elements.

Without even noticing it, people from childhood are under the close supervision of an orthopedist. In the immediate future after birth, in kindergarten and school, and before conscription into the army, doctors assess the condition of the musculoskeletal system of the growing organism. And if pathology does occur, then modern treatment methods are used at any age to restore the ease of habitual movements.

Kinds

The specialty of an orthopedist is often combined within another, more general profession. This allows such a doctor to identify among all patients who seek help those people who actually have persistent changes in joint mobility. Therefore, the following specialists are often part-time orthopedists:

1. The traumatologist has to deal with various skeletal injuries that are accompanied by disturbances in its functioning. He chooses the most adequate method of treatment or other injury, which allows the bones and joints to return to their former strength and mobility.
2. General surgeons in their practice encounter various skeletal deformities (, carpal tunnel syndromes), and therefore can improve their skills in orthopedics.
3. A pediatrician monitors the correct development of the child, and with appropriate education can prevent the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
4. The rehabilitation specialist is also often certified as an orthopedic surgeon, which allows him or her to properly administer exercise therapy and physical therapy.

The subject of orthopedics is not only persistent disorders in the musculoskeletal system, but also functional changes that are usually invisible to the patient himself.

Adult

If the disorders do not require radical elimination - surgery, then they can be treated conservatively. It includes the following conditions that require observation and treatment by an orthopedist:

• Any cases of fractures, the full recovery after which is doubtful. Bone fusion is a fairly long process, during which pathological changes in muscles and ligaments often occur.
• Habitual or chronic dislocation - if maintained, it will inevitably lead to the destruction of articular tissues and complete loss of mobility.
• Static or dynamic skeletal deformities - most often, orthopedists have to treat scoliosis, which causes curvature of the spine in various planes.
• Damage to the nervous system sometimes leads to changes in muscle tone, which immediately causes impaired mobility in the joints.

Conservative care is effective only with continuous use, when the musculoskeletal system gradually gets used to normal loads.

Children's

Pediatricians should carefully monitor the processes of growth and development in the child in order to prevent pathological deformations. Therefore, the task of a pediatric orthopedist is to prevent the following diseases:

• In children, development is prevented - without timely help, it becomes the cause of irreversible destruction of the hip joint.
• Preventive measures are being taken to prevent the development of vitamin D and calcium deficiency. Previously, due to poor nutrition, as well as the lack of any treatment, varus and valgus deformities of the knee joints were often encountered in children.
• Thanks to regular monitoring of the child by an orthopedist, he is diagnosed in a timely manner. He identifies the cause of spinal curvature and also strengthens weakened back muscles.
• Also, these doctors pay a lot of attention to foot diseases - and also flat feet. In the early stages, their progression can be quickly stopped, protecting the child from the development of permanent deformities.

Many lesions of the musculoskeletal system develop in childhood, so timely assistance from an orthopedist ensures the correct development of the skeleton and surrounding soft tissues.

Surgeon

In some cases, surgery can radically eliminate the problem causing mobility impairment. Therefore, the help of an orthopedic surgeon is required in the following cases:

• In case of irreversible changes in the knee and hip joints (arthrosis), when the only treatment option is their replacement - prosthetics.
• Ruptures of muscles or tendons lead to an immediate loss of mobility in the joint, as the mechanical effect on it ceases. If their integrity is not restored quickly, then the torn areas begin to be destroyed by the body.
• Incorrect fusion of bones or if it leads to impaired mobility or constant pain.


• Many neurological diseases also affect the functioning of the skeletal system, so herniated discs or tunnel syndromes are often treated with the assistance of an orthopedist.
• Fractures or dislocations can also be immediately corrected surgically if conservative methods do not produce the desired effect.

After radical treatment, the patient needs to undergo long-term rehabilitation - this is the only way he can consolidate the results obtained after the operation.

Treatment

The help of an orthopedist for damage to the musculoskeletal system rarely guarantees an immediate effect. To restore normal function of a joint or limb, the patient must constantly work on himself, following the doctor’s recommendations. Therefore, help usually includes several stages:

1. First, an accurate diagnosis of the disease is carried out to eliminate the need for urgent surgery. For some injuries (muscle ruptures, ligaments), immediate intervention improves the prognosis for recovery.
2. Then an individual treatment plan is drawn up, which always includes a physical therapy program. It is through training and strengthening one’s own muscles that violations are corrected.
3. The doctor evaluates the dynamics of the disease almost continuously and then makes any changes to the treatment plan.
4. After recovery, a lifelong period of rehabilitation begins - following the recommendations will allow you to maintain the results achieved.

Each group of patients has its own methods of assistance - in each case, the orthopedist focuses on the body’s individual capabilities for recovery.

In children

The child's body is in constant growth, so orthopedic care takes this factor into account. Therefore, to eliminate the diseases listed above, a double treatment regimen is used:

• First, the affected joint or skeletal segment is fixed in the correct position.
• For this purpose, a special corset or bandage is used - it allows you to completely stop the occurrence of any pathological mobility.
• Under such conditions, the affected joint loses its ability to move excessively or bend.
• Gradually, the pressure force begins to be reduced, using softer clamps, and at the same time the strengthening of the skeletal segment begins.
• Physical therapy in passive and active forms allows muscles and ligaments to reorganize their work, preventing the development of deformities.

Along with bracing and gymnastics, much attention is paid to the proper nutrition of the child - a nutritious diet is one of the important factors in the normal development of the body.

Operations

In some cases, lost function of the musculoskeletal system can be restored artificially. To achieve this, orthopedic surgeons use a whole range of reconstructive operations:

• Most often, radical treatment of various fractures is found - to heal the fragments, it is not necessary to wait several months with an uncertain result. The use of pins, rods or plates allows fixation of complex injuries without loss of function of nearby muscles and ligaments.
• With the help of the Ilizarov apparatus, it has become possible to treat false joints, as well as improper bone fusion. These pathological formations are completely destroyed, after which a normal bone callus is formed in their place.
• Torn muscles or ligaments are reliably stitched, and after some time only a small scar is formed at the site of damage.
• In case of neurological diseases, the cause of the disease is eliminated, or the ligament, which is the source of mechanical impact in carpal tunnel syndromes, is cut.


• The crowning achievement of orthopedists’ work is the hip joint – it ensures almost complete restoration of lost movements in the joint.

Despite the immediate effectiveness of surgeons, the main task is to consolidate the results obtained using conservative methods.

Rehabilitation

The final and most critical stage of treatment allows the recently ill person to forget forever about the existence of the disease. For this, orthopedists use the following techniques and procedures:

• Upon discharge, an individual physical therapy program is drawn up, which the patient must perform daily.
• Additionally, it is recommended to engage in moderate physical activity - swimming or Nordic walking. They provide an even load on the muscles of the trunk and limbs, without causing overwork of individual muscle groups.
• In terms of physiotherapy, the most suitable warming procedures are segmental massage, laser, warm applications of paraffin or ozokerite.

There are usually no time restrictions for rehabilitation in patients with lesions of the musculoskeletal system. To slow down the course of pathological mechanisms, they need to carry out continuous prevention of weakening of muscles and ligaments. Therefore, constant moderate exercise becomes a vital necessity for such patients.

Possesses practical skills in providing emergency and routine care for injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including modern techniques for fixing fractures, correcting old bone and soft tissue defects of the limbs and joints.

What is the competence of an Orthopedist-traumatologist?

An orthopedic traumatologist treats everything from dislocations and fractures to severe injuries.

Timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the human musculoskeletal system, which consists of bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves, is the main task of this doctor as an orthopedist.

An orthopedist-traumatologist studies local and general processes, the state of the body as a whole, arising under the influence of mechanical, thermal, electrical, radioactive (radiation), chemical and other factors, as well as combined forms of damage (mechanical injury + chemical, mechanical injury - radiation damage - f-thermal injury, etc.), leading to disruption of the integrity and function of organs, as well as tissues of the apparatus of movement and support, which often cause severe disruption of the vital systems of the victim’s body as a whole.

What diseases does the Orthopedist-traumatologist deal with?

- Flat feet;
- Postural defects;
- Parathyroid osteodystrophy;
- Deforming osteosis;
- Fibrous osteodysplasia;
- Secondary malignant tumors;
- Paraosseous fibrosarcoma;
- Ewing's tumor;
- Osteogenic sarcoma;
- Chondromyxosarcoma;
- Fractures of the scapula;
- Isolated fractures of the greater and lesser tubercles;
- Fractures of the distal end of the humerus.

What organs does an Orthopedist-traumatologist deal with?

Foot, back, shoulder blade, humerus, hip joint, knee joint.

When should you contact an Orthopedist-traumatologist?

1. Bone fractures with dysfunction, repeated fractures, residual effects of previous polio.
2. Bruises, sprains, burns and frostbite, animal and insect bites.
3. Complaints of persistent pain in the limbs, joints, and spine.
4. The presence during the study of deformities of the limbs, chest, spine, flat feet, dysfunction of large and small joints.

When and what tests should be done

- general blood analysis;
- general urine analysis;
- activated partial thromboplastin time;
- blood clotting time;
- prothrombin time (PT) + fibrinogen;
- prothrombin time (PT);
- prothrombin index;
- international normalized ratio.

What are the main types of diagnostics usually performed by an Orthopedist-traumatologist?

- Redressatio (redressatio) is a closed (bloodless) surgical intervention, with the help of which the doctor manually performs a forced step-by-step correction of deformities and pathological settings in the joints of individual segments of the movement and support apparatus (clubfoot, contracture, fibrous ankylosis, arthrosis, rachitic curvature of the limbs, incorrect healing fractures, for example, at an angle, in the stage of primary (soft) callus, etc.).

Healthy lifestyle

Firstly, you should avoid heavy physical activity, regardless of age, because ailments of this group affect both young and elderly people. The level of physical stress should be monitored; it often leads to tension in the joints, causing inflammation, pain and ultimately leading to a disastrous result - damage to bone tissue.

Secondly, it is also very useful to constantly keep your muscles toned by doing gymnastics and strengthening exercises.

To choose the right set of exercises, it is better to consult a specialist doctor, he will help you choose the most optimal course.

No less effective are sessions of various massages, which enhance the effect of gymnastic exercises, allowing you to tone the muscles, which subsequently has a positive effect on the skeletal system.

The construction and regeneration of bone tissue directly depends on this luminary. Vitamin D is formed in the body only when exposed to sunlight. At one time, it is vitamin D that is involved in proper metabolism in the body, allowing the use of calcium, another extremely important material for the formation of bone tissue, with the greatest efficiency. The lack of sun is especially acute in winter and spring, when a person, even on the street, receives sunbathing only on the skin of the face, which is clearly not enough. During this time, calcium reserves are depleted, weakening your bones. Therefore, the advice here is to stay in the sun, this will help your body. In the cold season, it can be partially replaced by visiting a solarium.

Proper nutrition

It is very important to watch your diet. It largely forms the flow of useful substances into the body that are necessary for the functioning of the body. In particular, you should include in the list of consumed foods milk and dairy products (preferably low-fat), fresh vegetables and fruits - a source of vitamins, as well as varieties of nuts and legumes - walnuts, sunflower and pumpkin seeds, vegetable oils. These products contain proteins and fats that promote the absorption of vitamin D and strengthen bone tissue.

What should not be consumed

If possible, you should avoid consuming honey, sugar, white bread and pasta, and large amounts of coffee and tea. All these products interfere with the body's absorption of calcium and contribute to its “washing out” from our body. If you eat meat products, you should add only natural meat to your diet, since factory-produced meat products also negatively affect the absorption of calcium. Well, the main enemy, the consumption of which should be reduced to a minimum, is table salt. It displaces calcium from the body, so you should not abuse it.

Additional help for the body

How strong our bones are is determined not so much by the amount of calcium in the food we eat, but by the correct proportion of calcium and phosphorus. The amount of calcium consumed should on average exceed the amount of phosphorus by one and a half to two times. In addition to this condition, it is extremely important to remember that the body also requires boron, manganese, copper, magnesium, zinc, vitamins C, K, B6 and folic acid, as well as certain proteins and fats that help in the absorption of vitamin D.

An orthopedist is involved in prevention, identification of the causes of the development of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and their elimination. You should contact a doctor if you are worried about pain in the bones, muscles, ligaments, or if mobility in the joints is impaired; after examination and diagnosis, a specialist will select adequate methods of therapy.

An orthopedist deals with problems of the musculoskeletal system

What does an orthopedist treat?

Orthopedics and traumatology are closely interrelated, since often damage to bone and muscle tissue is associated with bruises and falls, therefore, after completing internship or residency, the doctor receives the profession of an orthopedic traumatologist.

Medical specialization:

• orthopedist-traumatologist– deals with the elimination of fresh and old injuries, damage, destruction of muscles and organs of the musculoskeletal system;
• orthopedic surgeon - a specialist in the field of conservative and surgical treatment methods, removes deformations of bones and ligaments in adults and children surgically, monitors the recovery process;
• orthopedic dentist– deals with dental prosthetics, installs bridges, crowns;
• pediatric orthopedist– deals with the treatment of congenital and acquired problems of the musculoskeletal and joint system in children, the doctor must have a good understanding of the peculiarities of the structure of the muscle skeleton in children and adolescents in order to choose the right therapy.

Orthopedic examination is important for newborns– early detection of dysplasia and other pathologies of musculoskeletal tissue will avoid long and painful treatment in the future. You need to visit a doctor once every 3 months, then every six months.

What diseases does it treat?

An orthopedic doctor deals with problems of posture, various parts of the spine, musculoskeletal tissue, and joints.

List of diseases:

• flat feet, club feet;
• scoliosis and other postural problems;
• torticollis;
• poliomyelitis, osteomyelitis;
• dislocations of the shoulder and hip joints, improperly healed fractures;
• contracture;
• arthritis, arthrosis;
• bursitis, hemarthrosis;
• heel spurs;
• ankylosis;
• deformation of joints and limbs that arose as a result of injuries or against the background of osteoarthritis, necrosis of the femoral head;
• osteochondrosis of various parts of the spine;
• benign bone tumors.

One of the main reasons for visiting an orthopedist is joint pain.

The most dangerous orthopedic pathology– osteomyelitis, an infectious and inflammatory process in the bones, is most often diagnosed in children and the elderly; men are affected 2 times more often than women. Accompanied by an increase in temperature to 38 degrees or more, increased sweating, weakness, other manifestations of intoxication, pain in the bones of various types, soft tissues become inflamed. After 2–3 days, acidosis develops and blood clotting is impaired.

The toxic form of osteomyelitis develops rapidly, within 24 hours the temperature reaches a critical level, convulsions and loss of consciousness are observed, and blood pressure drops sharply.

Where does he receive it?

You can make an appointment for a free appointment and consultation with an orthopedist at a district or city hospital, but some types of diagnostics are carried out only on a paid basis.

In private clinics and medical centers you can get advice, undergo treatment, and have surgery, but all services are paid. The cost of the initial examination is 1.4–1.8 thousand rubles, the price of further therapy depends on the type and severity of the pathology, the level of the institution, and the qualifications of the specialist. Patient reviews on forums will help you choose a good clinic and a professional doctor.

What does an orthopedist do during an appointment?

An appointment with an orthopedist begins with an examination, questioning the patient, the doctor checks the mobility of various joint joints, uses palpation to identify the presence of neoplasms, growths, localization of pain, and then prescribes the necessary diagnostic methods.

At the appointment, the doctor will definitely determine the location of the pain using palpation.

The doctor will definitely carefully examine the deformed area, so before visiting the hospital it is necessary to remove the bandages and remnants of medications that were used to normalize the condition at home.

Influenza, sore throat, gonorrhea, syphilis, brucellosis - all these diseases often cause complications on the musculoskeletal system.

What diagnostic methods does it use?

To identify the causes of the development of pathologies, make a diagnosis, and monitor the effectiveness of therapy in orthopedics, mainly instrumental diagnostic methods are used.

What methods are used:

• stereoradiography– allows you to see the location of destructive foci, fragments, articular neoplasms;
• x-ray– primary diagnostic method for identifying displacement of large bone fragments, recognizing gross bone changes;
• cineradiography– used to determine the functional abilities of individual parts of the spine;
• regional thermometry– carried out to assess the state of blood supply to the extremities;
• oscillography– shows the condition of the walls of blood vessels;
• radioisotope diagnostics using radioactive calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, strontium– retention of these substances in bone tissue indicates the presence of pathological processes;
• CT, MRI– methods for determining the condition of different layers of bone.

Thanks to x-rays, you can clearly see the problem in the image.

The musculoskeletal system doctor prescribes a general analysis of urine, blood, and a coprogram before the operation to determine the general condition of the body before the operation.

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are very insidious, they occur for a long time without any special symptoms, patients go to the doctor with already advanced forms of pathologies, which significantly complicates therapy. Acquired diseases of the spine, joints, and limbs are easier to prevent than to treat.

How to avoid orthopedic problems:

• control weight - every extra kilogram increases the load on bone tissue, which leads to deformation;
• give up bad habits;
• exercise regularly; swimming, yoga, and stretching exercises are beneficial for the musculoskeletal system;
• avoid hypothermia, do not lift heavy objects, avoid shoes with flat soles and high heels;
• when diagnosing foot diseases, wear special shoes or insoles;
• When engaging in active, dangerous sports, do not forget about protective equipment; in case of injuries and bruises, do not self-medicate.

Control your weight - extra pounds put significant stress on joints and bones

Coffee leaches calcium from the body, so all lovers of this drink need to regularly replenish their reserves of the microelement with the help of food and vitamin complexes.

Most pathologies of the musculoskeletal system are chronic diseases; drug treatment can slow down degenerative processes in tissues, but it is difficult to completely eliminate them. Only regular examination by an orthopedist and compliance with all his recommendations regarding therapy, exercise therapy, and prevention will help avoid the development of severe complications and disability.