20 dates in history. Key dates in Russian history

9th century

862-879 Rurik
882 - the unification of Novgorod and Kyiv under Prince Oleg
882-912 - Oleg

10th century

907 - Oleg's campaign against Constantinople.
911 - The conclusion of the Russian-Byzantine peace treaty.
912 - Igor Rurikovich becomes Prince of Kiev.
913 - Caspian campaign of the Rus against Gilan, Deylem, Tabaristan, Abaskun.
915 - the first attack of the Pechenegs on Russia.
920 - Prince Igor's campaign against the Pechenegs.
941-944 - Russian-Byzantine war. A new treaty was concluded with Byzantium (944).
941 - Unsuccessful campaign of Prince Igor's troops against Constantinople.
944 - A successful campaign of the united army of the Rus, Pechenegs and Hungarians to Tsargrad. The conclusion of the Russian-Byzantine treaty, less profitable than Oleg's treaties.
944-945 - Raid of the Rus on the Caspian city of Berdaa
945 - Prince Igor was killed by the Drevlyans in the field while trying to collect tribute again.
945-964 - Reign of Princess Olga. Arrangement of "lessons and churchyards", streamlining the collection of tribute.
957 - Baptism of Princess Olga in Constantinople under the name Elena.
964-972 - the reign of Prince Svyatoslav.
964-966 - campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav against the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yases and Kasogs.
965 - The defeat of the Khazar Khaganate by Prince Svyatoslav.
968-969 - The conquest of the First Bulgarian Kingdom.
970-971 - Svyatoslav's war with Byzantium.
972 - The death of Svyatoslav.
972-978 - reign of Yaropolk, son of Svyatoslav.
975-978 - civil strife of the sons of Svyatoslav Igorevich
978 - Vladimir's campaign against Polotsk. Vladimir kills Prince Rogvolod of Polotsk and marries his daughter Rogneda.
978 - Vladimir kills his brother Yaropolk and seizes power in Kyiv.
980 - Establishment of the all-Russian pantheon of pagan gods.
983 - Vladimir makes a campaign against the Prussian tribe of the Yotvingians, defeats them and establishes control over their lands.
984 - Vladimir and his voivode Wolf's Tail defeated the Radimichi, who, while still in the 9th century. included in the composition of the Old Russian state, came out of subordination. As a result of this campaign, the Radimichi were again subjugated and forced to pay tribute and "carry wagons."
985 - Vladimir and his uncle Dobrynya went on a campaign against the Kama Bulgarians. Russian troops captured many prisoners, and an agreement on peace and mutual assistance was concluded with the Danube Bulgarians.
986 - Bulgarian troops with the help of the Rus inflicted a crushing defeat on the Byzantines in Bulgaria.
988 - Baptism of Russia by Vladimir.
996 - Church of the Tithes (Church of the Dormition of the Mother of God) is being built in Kyiv.

11th century

1015 - Internecine wars of the sons of Vladimir I (until 1019).
1019 - Enthronement of Yaroslav the Wise in Kyiv (until 1054). During these years, Yaroslav's Pravda was compiled - the oldest part of Russkaya Pravda.
1030 - Start of construction of the Transfiguration Cathedral in Chernigov (until 1035).
1037 - Start of construction of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv (until 1041).
1043 - The campaign of Prince Yaroslav the Wise against Byzantium
1045 - Beginning of construction of St. Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod (until 1050).
1051 - Hilarion becomes the first Russian-born metropolitan in Kyiv.
1054 - the death of Yaroslav the Wise and the division of Russia between his sons. Triumvirate of the Yaroslavichs.
1068 - Battle of Alta. Uprising in Kyiv. Prince of Polotsk Vseslav Charodei reigned in Kyiv.
1072 - Compiled "Pravda Yaroslavichi", the second part of the "Russian Truth".
OK. 1072 - Uprisings in Novgorod land and Rostov-Suzdal land
1073 - "Izbornik Svyatoslav".
1078 - Battle on Nezhatina Niva between the Grand Duke Izyaslav and his brother Vsevolod on the one hand, and their nephews Oleg Svyatoslavich and Boris Vyacheslavich on the other. The death of Izyaslav and Boris Vyacheslavich; the reign of Vsevolod Yaroslavich in Kyiv.
1093 - Svyatopolk Izyaslavich reigned in Kyiv (until 1113).
1097 - Congress of princes in Lyubech. The rule “Everyone keeps his own fatherland” was adopted, which consolidated the tendency towards political fragmentation of the Old Russian state.

12th century
1103 - Dolobsky congress of Russian princes and the first joint campaign against the Polovtsy.
1107 - a new defeat of the Polovtsy in Russia.
1111 - the defeat of the Polovtsy in the steppes and their migration to Georgia.
1113 - The reign of Vladimir Monomakh in Kyiv. Kiev uprising of the people against the senior squad.
1118 - The final edition of the Tale of Bygone Years.
1125 - The death of Vladimir Monomakh and the reign of Mstislav Vladimirovich in Kyiv.
1127 - the capture by the troops of Mstislav Vladimirovich Polotsk and the expulsion of the Polotsk princes to Constantinople.
1132 - death of Mstislav Vladimirovich and the beginning of the collapse of Kievan Rus.
1136 - Revolt in Novgorod. The expulsion of Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich. Approval of the republic in Novgorod.
1147 - The first annalistic mention of Moscow. The murder in Kyiv of Grand Duke Igor Olgovich.
1157 - Death in Kyiv of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky reigned in Vladimir of Suzdal (until 1174).
1158 - Construction of the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma (until 1161)
1169 - Andrei Bogolyubsky's troops captured and burned Kyiv.
1174 - Murder of Andrei Bogolyubsky in Bogolyubovo.
1176 - The beginning of the reign in the Vladimir principality of Vsevolod the Big Nest.
1185 - The campaign of Novgorod-Seversky Prince Igor Svyatoslavich against the Polovtsy. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign".
1199 - Unification of the Volyn and Galician principalities.

13th century

1216 - Battle of Lipitsa between the sons of Vsevolod the Big Nest.
1221 - Foundation of Nizhny Novgorod.
1223 - Battle on the Kalka River. The Mongols, led by Subudei and Jebe, defeat the combined Russian-Polovtsian army.
1237 - The invasion of the Mongol troops led by Batu into Russia. The destruction of Ryazan.
1238 - January 1, the battle of Kolomna, the ruin of the city of Kolomna by Batu Khan (Batu), the death of Prince Roman, governor Yeremey Glebovich and commander Kulkhan - the youngest son of Genghis Khan. The ruin of the cities of North-Eastern Russia by the Mongols. The defeat of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich in the battle on the City River, the defense of Kozelsk.
1239 - The invasion of Batu's troops into the southern Russian lands. The ruin of Pereyaslavl, Chernigov.
1240 - The capture of Kyiv by the troops of Batu.
July 15, 1240 - Battle of the Neva. Victory of Prince Alexander of Novgorod over the Swedes.
April 5, 1242 - Battle on the Ice. The army of Alexander Nevsky defeats the German knights.
1243 - Batu founds the Golden Horde.
1252 - Nevriu's army, the beginning of the great reign of Alexander Nevsky in Vladimir.
late 1250s - Census of the population of Russia, conducted by the Mongols to collect tribute.
1263 - Alexander Nevsky dies, returning from the Golden Horde. The label for the great reign of Vladimir is received by his brother Yaroslav Yaroslavich.
1276 - The reign of Daniil Alexandrovich in Moscow (until 1303).
1281-1293 - the struggle of the sons of Alexander Nevsky for the great reign.
1293 - Khan Duden's campaign against Russia, as a result of which 14 cities of the north-east of Russia were destroyed and burned.
1299 - Transfer of the residence of the Metropolitan of All Russia from Kyiv to Vladimir.

14th century
1301-1302 - Accession to Moscow of Kolomna, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky principality (temporarily), Mozhaisk.
1325 - The murder of the Moscow prince Yuri Daniilovich by the Tver prince Dmitry the Terrible Eyes. The beginning of the reign in Moscow of Ivan Kalita (until 1340)
1326 - Metropolitan Peter transfers his residence from Vladimir to Moscow.
1327 - The uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde Baskak Cholkhan.
1328 - Fedochuk's army against Tver, in which Ivan Kalita takes part. Ivan Kalita becomes Grand Duke.
around 1340 - Foundation of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery by Sergius of Radonezh.
1352-1353 - Plague epidemic.
1359 - The beginning of the reign in Moscow of Dmitry Ivanovich (in the future Donskoy, until 1389).
1363 - approval of Dmitry Ivanovich to the great reign in Vladimir.
1367-1369 - Construction of the stone Kremlin in Moscow.
1378 - the victory of the Russian army over the Golden Horde in the battle on the Vozha River.
1380 - Battle of Kulikovo on the Don River. The victory of the united Russian army over the Horde troops of Mamai.
1382 - Siege and ruin of Moscow and other cities of North-Eastern Russia by Khan Tokhtamysh.
circa 1382 - Beginning of minting coins in Moscow.
1385 - Capture of Kolomna by the Ryazan prince Oleg.
1395 - The defeat of the Golden Horde by Tamerlane.

15th century
1408 - Siege of Moscow by the Horde Emir
1425 - Beginning of internecine war (until 1453)
1425 - the death of Vasily I. The reign of Vasily II the Dark.
1433, 1434 - reign in Moscow of Yuri Dmitrievich Zvenigorodsky
1445 - the defeat of Vasily II near Suzdal and his capture by the Tatars.
1446 - blinding of Basil II. Reign of Dmitry Shemyaka.
1448 - The Russian Orthodox Church was proclaimed autocephalous (independent). Election of Bishop Jonah of Ryazan as Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia
1453 - death of Dmitry Shemyaka in Novgorod. End of feudal wars.
1458 - The final division of the metropolis of all Russia into Kiev and Moscow
1462 - The beginning of the great reign of Ivan III Vasilyevich (until 1505)
1466 - Travel of the Tver merchant Athanasius Nikitin to India ("Journey beyond the three seas", until 1472)
1471 - The first campaign of Ivan III to Novgorod, the Battle of Shelon
1475 - Start of construction of the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin (until 1479)
1478 - The fall of the independence of Veliky Novgorod, its annexation to Moscow
1480 - "Standing" on the Ugra River, the liberation of Russian lands from the Horde yoke.
1483 - The Russians first crossed the Ural Range and reached the Ob.
1485 - Accession to Moscow Tver.
1485 - Start of construction of brick walls and towers of the Moscow Kremlin (until 1489)
1497 - Adoption of the Code of Laws - the all-Russian code of laws, the establishment of a single deadline for the transition of peasants (a week before and a week after the autumn St. George's day)

16th century
1501-1503 - War with Livonia
1505 - Death of Ivan III, the beginning of the reign of Vasily III (reigned until 1533)
1510 - Accession of Pskov to Moscow
1514 - Accession of Smolensk to Moscow
1517 - The first mention in the annals of the Boyar Duma
1521 - Accession of the Ryazan principality to Moscow
1524 - Construction of the Novodevichy Convent
1533 - Death of Vasily III, beginning of the reign of Elena Glinskaya (ruled until 1538).
1533 - the beginning of the great reign of Ivan IV the Terrible (reigned until 1584).
1538-1547 - Boyar rule.
1547 - The wedding of Ivan IV to the kingdom
1549 - Convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor
1549 (47) - 1560 - Reform activities of the Chosen Rada
1550 - Sudebnik of Ivan IV. Creation of the archery army
1551 - Stoglavy Cathedral
1552 - Accession of the Kazan Khanate
1555 - Siberian Khan Ediger recognized vassal dependence on Moscow.
1556 - Accession of the Astrakhan Khanate
1558 - Beginning of the Livonian War (until 1583)
1562 - the capture of Polotsk.
1563 - Khan Kuchum came to power in the Siberian Khanate, breaking off relations with Moscow.
1564 - The first printed book of Ivan Fedorov - "The Apostle". The defeat of the Russian troops by the Poles on the river Ulya (near Polotsk).
1565 - Establishment of the oprichnina
1570 - Novgorod pogrom and mass executions in Moscow. Peak of terror.
1571 - burning of Moscow by Devlet Giray I.
1572 - Cancellation of the oprichnina. Battle of Molodi.
1581 - Introduction of the "Forbidden Years". The beginning of Yermak's campaign in Siberia. Siege of Pskov by Stefan Batory.
1582 - Yam-Zapolsky peace with the Commonwealth.
1582-1583 - Yermak's campaign in Siberia.
1583 - Plyussky truce with Sweden.
1584 - The death of Tsar Ivan IV, the beginning of the actual reign of Boris Godunov.
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Russia
1591 - Death in Uglich of Tsarevich Dmitry
1592 - Compilation of scribe books
1597 - The introduction of "lesson years" (a five-year term for the investigation of fugitive peasants)
1598 - Death of Tsar Fedor Ivanovich. Termination of the Rurik dynasty. Election to the reign of Boris Godunov (until 1605). Beginning of the Time of Troubles (until 1613).

17th century
1605 - The overthrow of the Godunov dynasty.
1606 - The murder of False Dmitry I and the accession of Vasily Shuisky.
1606-1607 - Revolt led by Ivan Bolotnikov.
1607 - the appearance of False Dmitry II.
1608 - The defeat of the troops of Vasily Shuisky by False Dmitry at Bolkhov. Tushino camp. Siege of Moscow.
1608-1610 - the siege of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery by the people of False Dmitry II and the Polish invaders
1609 - Beginning of the siege of Smolensk by the Poles.
1610 - Battle of Klushino. The overthrow of Vasily Shuisky. Seven Boyars. Entry of the Poles to Moscow.
1610 - The death of False Dmitry II
1611 - Fall of Smolensk, Swedish intervention in the Novgorod land
1612 - The liberation of Moscow from the interventionists by the militia of Minin and Pozharsky.
1613 - Zemsky Sobor. Election to the kingdom of Mikhail Romanov (reigned until 1645). The beginning of the Romanov dynasty (until 1917).
1617 - Stolbovsky peace with Sweden.
1618 - Deulino truce with Poland.
1632-1634 - Smolensk war.
1645 - Beginning of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich (until 1676).
1648 - the beginning of the uprising in Ukraine led by Bogdan Khmelnitsky.
1648 - Uprisings in Moscow ("Salt Riot"), Voronezh, Kursk and other cities.
1648 - Cossack Semyon Dezhnev discovered the strait separating Chukotka from Alaska.
1649 - Cathedral code. The process of enslaving the peasants has been completed.
1652 - Nikon becomes patriarch.
1654 - Nikon's church reforms. The beginning of the split.
1654 - Pereyaslav Council. The beginning of a new Russian-Polish war. Return of Smolensk.
1656 - Vilna truce. Beginning of the Russo-Swedish War
1662 - "Copper Riot" in Moscow.
1666-1667 - Condemnation of Patriarch Nikon at a church council.
1667 - Andrusovo truce with Poland.
1668-1676 - Solovetsky uprising.
1670-1671 - Peasant-Cossack uprising led by Stepan Razin.
1676-1682 - The reign of Fedor III Alekseevich
1682 - Burning of Habakkuk. Khovanshchina. The beginning of the reign of Peter I and Ivan V under the regency of Sophia.
1689 - The beginning of the independent reign of Peter I (until 1725).
1695, 1696 - Azov campaigns.
1697-1698 - Great embassy.
1698 - Streltsy revolt in Moscow.
1700 - Introduction from January 1 of the new chronology. The beginning of the Northern War (until 1721). The defeat of Russian troops in the battle of Narva.

18 century
1703 - Foundation of St. Petersburg. Publication of the first issue of the Vedomosti newspaper.
1709 - Victory of Russian troops in the Battle of Poltava.
1711 - The Senate is established. Prut campaign.
1712 - Transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg.
1714 - The victory of the Russian fleet in the naval battle of Gangut. Decree on unity.
1718-1721 Collegiums established.
1721 - Nystadt peace treaty between Russia and Sweden. Synod established.
1721 - Proclamation of Russia by the Empire.
1722 - The Table of Ranks was adopted.
1724 - Decree on the establishment of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725 - Death of Peter I.
1725-1727 - The reign of Catherine I.
1727-1730 - The reign of Peter II.
1730 - The beginning of the reign of Anna Ioannovna (until 1740).
1732 - The land gentry corps was opened, the main higher military educational institution in Russia.
1733 - The second Kamchatka expedition of Vitus Bering (until 1743).
1733 - The War of the Polish Succession begins.
1735 - the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1735-1739.
1736 - Azov is finally annexed to Russia.
1739 - Battle of Stavuchany. Russia's first victory over Turkey in a field battle.
1740 - the beginning of the reign of Ivan VI (until December 1741).
1741 - the beginning of the Russian-Swedish war of 1741-1743
1741 - the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna (until 1761).
1755 - Foundation of Moscow University.
1756 - the beginning of the Seven Years' War.
1759 - Battle of Kunersdorf. The victory of the Russian troops.
1761 - Peter III becomes Emperor (until 1762).
1762 - Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility. The beginning of the reign of Catherine II (until 1796)
1764 - Secularization of church and monastery lands. The abolition of the hetmanship in Ukraine.
1765 - Decree on the right of landowners to exile serfs to Siberia. Creation of the Free Economic Society.
1767 - The established commission was convened (until 1768).
1768 - The beginning of the war with the Bar Confederation (until 1772). The beginning of the Russian-Turkish war (until 1774).
1769 - Issue of banknotes (the first paper money in Russia).
1770 - The defeat of the Turkish fleet in the Chesme Bay. Victories at Larga and Cahul.
1772 - The first partition of the Commonwealth (together with Prussia and Austria). Accession of Eastern Belarus and part of Latvia.
1773-1775 - Peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev.
1775 - the liquidation of the Zaporizhzhya Sich
1775 - The Russian Empire is divided into 51 provinces.
1783 - Manifesto of Catherine II on the annexation of Crimea to Russia. "Georgievsky treatise" on the voluntary acceptance of Eastern Georgia under the protection of Russia.
1787 - The beginning of the Russian-Turkish war (until 1791).
1790 - The capture of the Izmail fortress by Russian troops.
1792 - Russian intervention in Poland.
1793 - The second partition of the Commonwealth (together with Prussia). Accession of Central Belarus and part of Right-Bank Ukraine.
1794 - Kosciuszko uprising and its suppression.
1795 - The third partition of the Commonwealth (together with Prussia and Austria). Accession of Western Belarus, Lithuania and Volhynia.
1796 - Beginning of the reign of Paul I (until 1801).
1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns of Alexander Suvorov.

19th century
1801 - Paul I was killed. The beginning of the reign of Alexander I (until 1825).
1802 - Establishment of ministries in Russia.
1803 - Decree on free cultivators.
1805 - Battle of Austerlitz.
1806 - the beginning of a new Russian-Turkish war (until 1812).
1807 - Meeting of Alexander I and Napoleon in Tilsit. Tilsit world.
1809 - Speransky's reform project. Accession of Finland to Russia.
1812 - Patriotic War of 1812. Battle of Borodino.
1813 - Foreign campaign of the Russian army. Gulistan peace with Persia.
1814 - the capture of Paris.
1817 - The beginning of the Caucasian War (until 1864).
1825 - Accession to the throne of Nicholas I (until 1855). Decembrist revolt.
1826-1828 - Russian-Persian war. Accession of Nakhichevan and Erivan.
1828-1829 - Russian-Turkish war.
1830 - Polish uprising.
1835 - Reduction of the autonomy of universities.
1849 - Russia's participation in the suppression of the revolution in Hungary.
1851 - Opening of the railway communication between St. Petersburg and Moscow.
1853-1856 - Crimean War (ended with the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty).
1854-1855 - Defense of Sevastopol.
1855 - Beginning of the reign of Alexander II (until 1881).
1858 - Accession of the Amur region. Aigun treaty with China.
1861-1865 - American Civil War.
1863 - Abolition of slavery in the United States.
1869 - Opening of the Suez Canal.
1870 - Completion of the unification of Italy.
1871 - Completion of the unification of Germany. Parisian commune.
1874 - Samurai Rebellion in Japan (until 1877).
1885 - Creation of the Indian National Congress Party.
1899 - The beginning of the Anglo-Boer War (until 1902).
1899 - Beginning of the Boxer Rebellion in China (until 1900).
1861 - Manifesto on the abolition of serfdom.
1862 - The beginning of the great reforms.
1863 - Polish uprising. Expedition of the Russian fleet to the shores of North America (1863-1864)
1864 - Beginning of judicial reform. Zemstvo establishment. The University Charter was adopted, the autonomy of universities was restored.
1865 - Censorship reform.
1865-1873 - Accession of the Central Asian states: Khanate of Khiva, Khanate of Kokand, Khanate of Bukhara.
1867 - Russia sells Alaska to the United States.
1870 - "City position".
1874 - Transition to universal military service. "Journey to the People".
1877-1878 - Russian-Turkish war. Berlin Congress.
1878 - Trial of Vera Zasulich
1881 - The murder of Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya. The beginning of the reign of Alexander III.
1884 - The abolition of the autonomy of universities.
1891 - Start of construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway (until 1902).
1894 - Accession to the throne of Nicholas II (until 1917).
1896 - Khodynka disaster.
1897 - The first all-Russian population census. Monetary reform Witte.
1898 - I Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP).

20th century

1902 - Creation of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party
1903 - II Congress of the RSDLP. Split into "Bolsheviks" and "Mensheviks".
1904-1905 - Russo-Japanese War.
1905 - Creation of the parties of the Cadets, Octobrists. January 9 (22) Bloody Sunday. The first Russian revolution (until 1907).
1906 - Activities of the State Duma. The beginning of Stolypin's agrarian reform.
1907 - New electoral law, the beginning of the work of the III State Duma (until 1912)
1914 - Russia's entry into the First World War.
1916 - Brusilovsky breakthrough.
1917 - February Revolution. Abdication of Nicholas II from the throne. Provisional government. October Revolution. The beginning of the Civil War (until 1922-1923).
1918 - Dispersal of the Constituent Assembly. Brest peace.
1919-1921 - Soviet-Polish war
1921 - Transition to the New Economic Policy.
1922 - Formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
1924 - Death of V. I. Lenin. Adoption of the First Constitution of the USSR.
1928 - First five-year plan (until 1932). Industrialization.
1929 - The beginning of continuous collectivization.
1932 (autumn) - 1933 (spring) - Famine in the USSR
1936 - The Stalinist Constitution of the USSR was adopted.
1936-1939 - Repressions in the USSR.
1939 - Soviet-German non-aggression pact. Soviet-Finnish war (until 1940).
1941 - The beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Battle for Moscow.
1941 (09/08) - 1944 (01/27) - Siege of Leningrad.
1942 - Battle of Stalingrad.
1943 - Battle of Kursk. Tehran conference.
1944 - operation "Bagration" - the liberation of Belarus from the Nazis.
1943-1944 - Mass deportation of the peoples of the North Caucasus and Crimea
1945 - Crimean Conference. The victorious end of the Great Patriotic War. Soviet-Japanese war.
1947 - The Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe is adopted.
1947 - Proclamation of Independence of India and Pakistan.
1948 - Proclamation of the State of Israel. First Arab-Israeli War.
1948 - The division of Korea along the 38th parallel.
1949 - Proclamation of the People's Republic of China.
1949 - Formation of NATO.
1959 - Cuban Revolution.
1961 - The construction of the Berlin Wall.
1967 - Six Day War.
1964 - Vietnam War (until 1973).
1969 - First manned flight to the moon.
1979 - Islamic revolution in Iran.
1980 - Formation of the Solidarity trade union in Poland.
1990 - Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Operation Desert Storm.
1991 - The collapse of Yugoslavia.
1946 - Beginning of the Cold War
1949 - On August 29, an atomic bomb was successfully tested at the Semipalatinsk test site. The beginning of the "fight against cosmopolitanism".
1953 - Death of Stalin. G. M. Malenkov, who took the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, becomes the actual leader of the USSR. Test of the first Soviet hydrogen bomb.
1954 - The beginning of the development of virgin lands.
1955 - Displacement of Malenkov, power passes to the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU N. S. Khrushchev. Signing of the Warsaw Pact.
1956 - XX Congress of the CPSU. Khrushchev's report "On the cult of personality and its consequences." Soviet troops entered Hungary. Rehabilitation of the repressed.
1957 - Launch of the world's first artificial satellite.
1961 - Space flight of Yu. A. Gagarin.
1962 - Caribbean crisis.
1964 - Removal of N. S. Khrushchev from power. Leonid Brezhnev becomes the leader of the country.
1965 - Economic reform of the management of the national economy and planning in the USSR under the leadership of A. N. Kosygin.
1968 - Participation of the USSR in the suppression of the Prague Spring.
1972 - Treaties on the limitation of the anti-missile defense system and strategic offensive weapons.
1974 - Expulsion from the USSR of the writer A. I. Solzhenitsyn.
1977 - Adoption of the Brezhnev Constitution of the USSR.
1979 - The beginning of the Afghan war, which ended in 1989.
1980 - 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow.
1982-1985 - death of L. I. Brezhnev, change of power in the USSR. Within four years, two leaders were replaced (Andropov and Chernenko stayed as general secretary of the party for a year and three months and three hundred and eighty days, respectively)
1985 - M. S. Gorbachev was elected General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The beginning of perestroika.
1986 - The largest man-made disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine.
1991 - Election of B. N. Yeltsin as President of the RSFSR. Formation of the GKChP. The failure of the coup attempt. The collapse of the USSR. End of the Cold War.
1992 - Beginning of liberal economic reforms. Beginning of privatization.
1993 - The constitutional crisis, the attack of supporters of the dissolved Supreme Council on the building of the Moscow City Hall and the Ostankino television center. The shooting of the Russian parliament. Adoption by popular vote of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1994-1996 - War in Chechnya.
1996 - B. N. Yeltsin was re-elected President of the Russian Federation.
1998 - Default in Russia.
1999 - Invasion of militants into Dagestan, the beginning of the Second Chechen campaign, a series of terrorist attacks in Russian cities (Buinaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk) - explosions of residential buildings, the resignation of B. N. Yeltsin, the appointment of acting President of the Russian Federation Prime Minister V. V. Putin .
2000 - V. V. Putin was elected President of the Russian Federation. Creation of federal districts in the Russian Federation. The disaster of the nuclear submarine "Kursk". Fire at the Ostankino television tower in Moscow.

The most complete reference table main dates and events in the history of Russia from the 6th to the 12th century. This table is convenient to use for schoolchildren and applicants for self-study, in preparation for tests, exams and the exam in history.

In the 11th grade, it is not necessary to know by heart all the dates from the textbook. It is enough to master the mandatory minimum, which, believe me, will come in handy not only in the exam, but also in life.

So, your preparation for the OGE and USE in history must necessarily include the memorization of several of the most important dates in the history of Russia. Stay up to date with the most important events in Russian history - and to make it easier to master them, you can, for example, write the entire minimum on cards and divide them by age. Such a simple step will allow you to begin to navigate the history by periods, and when you write everything on pieces of paper, you will unconsciously remember everything. Your parents and grandparents used a similar method, when there were no USE and GIA yet.

We can also advise you to say the most important dates in the history of Russia out loud and record it on a voice recorder. Listen to the resulting recordings several times a day, and best of all - in the morning, when the brain has just woken up and has not yet absorbed the usual daily dose of information.

But in no case do we recommend that you try to memorize everything at once. Have pity on yourself, no one has managed to master the entire school curriculum on the history of Russia in a day. The USE and GIA are designed to check how well you know the full course of the subject. So don’t even think of somehow deceiving the system or hoping for the students’ favorite “night before the exam”, as well as a variety of cheat sheets and “answers to the GIA and the Unified State Examination in History 2015”, which are so many on the Internet.

With leaflets, the last hope of negligent schoolchildren, it was always strict at state exams, and every year the situation becomes even more difficult. Exams in the 9th and 11th grades are held not only under the strict supervision of experienced teachers, but also under the supervision of video cameras, and you know, it is almost impossible to outwit technology.

So get enough sleep, do not be nervous, develop your memory and memorize the 35 most important dates in the history of Russia. Relying on yourself is the best thing that can help you pass the exam and the GIA.

1. 862 Beginning of Rurik's reign
2. 988 Baptism of Russia
3. 1147 First mention of Moscow
4. 1237–1480 Mongol-Tatar yoke
5. 1240 Neva battle
6. 1380 Battle of Kulikovo
7. 1480 Standing on the river Ugra. Fall of the Mongol yoke
8. 1547 Crowning of Ivan the Terrible to the kingdom
9. 1589 Establishment of the patriarchate in Russia
10. 1598-1613 Time of Troubles
11. 1613 Election to the kingdom of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
12. 1654 Pereyaslav Rada.
13. 1670–1671 Rebellion of Stepan Razin
14. 1682–1725 Reign of Peter I
15. 1700–1721 Northern War
16. 1703 Founding of St. Petersburg
17. 1709 Battle of Poltava
18. 1755 Founding of Moscow University
19. 1762– 1796 Reign of Catherine II
20. 1773- 1775 Peasant war led by E. Pugachev
21. 1812– 1813 Patriotic War
22. 1812 Battle of Borodino
23. 1825 Decembrist uprising
24. 1861 Abolition of serfdom
25. 1905– 1907 First Russian Revolution
26. 1914 Russia's entry into World War I
27. 1917 February Revolution. The overthrow of the autocracy
28. 1917 October Revolution
29. 1918– 1920 Civil War
30. 1922 Formation of the USSR
31. 1941– 1945 Great Patriotic War
32. 1957 Launch of the first artificial earth satellite
33. 1961 Flight Yu.A. Gagarin in space
34. 1986 Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
35. 1991 Collapse of the USSR

1097 - The first congress of princes in Lyubech

1147 - The first annalistic mention of Moscow

1188 - Approximate date of appearance " Words about Igor's regiment »

1206 - Proclamation of Temujin the "Great Khan" of the Mongols and the adoption of the name of Genghis Khan by him

1237-1238 - The invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Russia

1240 July 15 - Victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish knights on the river. Neva

1327 - uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Tver

1382 - Khan Tokhtamysh's campaign against Moscow

1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni

1480 - "Standing" on the river. Acne. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.

1510 - Annexation of Pskov to Moscow

1565-1572 — Oprichnina

1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow

1606 - Uprising in Moscow and the murder of False Dmitry I

1607 - The beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II

1609-1618 – Open Polish-Swedish intervention

1611 September-October - Creation of the militia under the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod

1648 - Uprising in Moscow - " salt riot »

1649 - "Cathedral Code" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich

1649-1652 - Campaigns of Yerofei Khabarov to the Daurian land along the Amur

1652 - Nikon's consecration to the patriarchs

1670-1671 - Peasants' war led by S. Razina

1682 - Abolition of parochialism

1695-1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I

1812 - Napoleon's "Great Army" invades Russia. Patriotic War

1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna

1839-1843 - Monetary reform of Count E. f. Kancrina

1865 - Military judicial reform

Spring 1874 - The first mass "going to the people" of revolutionary populists

1875 April 25 - Petersburg Treaty of Russia with Japan (about South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)

1881 March 1 - The murder of Alexander II by revolutionary populists

November 9, 1906 - Beginning of the agrarian reforms P.A. Stolypin

1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization

November 30, 1939 - March 12, 1940 - Soviet-Finnish War

June 22, 1941 - Nazi Germany and its allies attack the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War

1945 May 8 - Act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War

1975 July 30 - August 1 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). Signing of the Final Act by 33 European countries, the USA and Canada

1990 May 16-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia

1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the agreement on the "Commonwealth of Independent States" and the dissolution of the USSR

The development of world history was not linear. At each of its stages there were events and periods that can be called "critical points". They changed both geopolitics and the worldview of people.

1. Neolithic revolution (10 thousand years BC - 2 thousand BC)

The term "Neolithic Revolution" was introduced in 1949 by the English archaeologist Gordon Child. Child called its main content the transition from an appropriating economy (hunting, gathering, fishing) to a producing economy (agriculture and cattle breeding). According to archeology, the domestication of animals and plants occurred at different times independently in 7-8 regions. The earliest center of the Neolithic revolution is considered to be the Middle East, where domestication began no later than 10 thousand years BC.

2. Creation of the Mediterranean civilization (4 thousand BC)

The Mediterranean region was the hotbed of the emergence of the first civilizations. The emergence of the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia is attributed to the 4th millennium BC. e. In the same 4th millennium BC. e. The Egyptian pharaohs consolidated the lands in the Nile Valley, and their civilization rapidly expanded across the Fertile Crescent to the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and further across the Levant. This made Mediterranean countries such as Egypt, Syria and Lebanon part of the cradle of civilization.

3. Great migration of peoples (IV-VII centuries)

The Great Migration of Peoples was a turning point in history, which determined the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages. Scientists still argue about the causes of the Great Migration, but its consequences turned out to be global.

Numerous Germanic (Franks, Lombards, Saxons, Vandals, Goths) and Sarmatian (Alans) tribes moved to the territory of the weakening Roman Empire. The Slavs reached the coast of the Mediterranean and the Baltic, settled part of the Peloponnese and Asia Minor. The Turks reached Central Europe, the Arabs began aggressive campaigns, during which they conquered the entire Middle East to the Indus, North Africa and Spain.

4. Fall of the Roman Empire (5th century)

Two powerful blows - in 410 by the Visigoths and in 476 by the Germans - crushed the seemingly eternal Roman Empire. This jeopardized the achievements of ancient European civilization. The crisis of Ancient Rome did not come suddenly, but for a long time matured from within. The military and political decline of the empire, which began in the 3rd century, gradually led to the weakening of centralized power: it could no longer manage the expanded and multinational empire. The ancient state was replaced by feudal Europe with its new organizing center - the "Holy Roman Empire". Europe for several centuries plunged into the abyss of confusion and discord.

5. Schism of the church (1054)

In 1054 there was a final split of the Christian Church into East and West. Its reason was the desire of Pope Leo IX to receive territories that were subject to Patriarch Michael Cerularius. The dispute resulted in mutual church curses (anathemas) and public accusations of heresy. The western church was called the Roman Catholic (Roman world church), and the eastern one was called the Orthodox. The path to the Schism was long (almost six centuries) and began with the so-called Akakievsky schism of 484.

6. Little Ice Age (1312-1791)

The beginning of the Little Ice Age, which began in 1312, led to a whole ecological catastrophe. According to experts, during the period from 1315 to 1317, almost a quarter of the population died out due to the Great Famine in Europe. Hunger was a constant companion of people throughout the Little Ice Age. In the period from 1371 to 1791, there were 111 famine years in France alone. In 1601 alone, half a million people died of starvation in Russia due to crop failures.

However, the Little Ice Age gave the world not only famine and high mortality. It also became one of the reasons for the birth of capitalism. Coal became the source of energy. For its extraction and transportation, workshops with hired workers began to be organized, which was a harbinger of the scientific and technological revolution and the birth of a new formation of social organization - capitalism. Some researchers (Margaret Anderson) also associate the settlement of America with the consequences of the Little Ice Age - people went for a better life from "forsaken by God" Europe.

7. The era of the great geographical discoveries (XV-XVII centuries)

The era of the great geographical discoveries radically expanded the ecumene of humanity. In addition, it created an opportunity for the leading European powers to make the most of their overseas colonies, exploiting their human and natural resources and extracting fabulous profits from this. Some scholars also directly link the triumph of capitalism to transatlantic trade, which gave rise to commercial and financial capital.

8. Reformation (XVI-XVII centuries)

Martin Luther, doctor of theology at the University of Wittenberg, is considered to be the beginning of the Reformation: on October 31, 1517, he nailed his “95 theses” to the doors of the Wittenberg Castle Church. In them, he spoke out against the existing abuses of the Catholic Church, in particular against the sale of indulgences.
The reformation process gave rise to many so-called Protestant wars, which seriously affected the political structure of Europe. Historians consider the signing of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 to be the end of the Reformation.

9. Great French Revolution (1789-1799)

The French Revolution that broke out in 1789 not only turned France from a monarchy into a republic, but also summed up the collapse of the old European order. Its slogan: "Freedom, equality, fraternity" excited the minds of the revolutionaries for a long time. The French Revolution not only laid the foundations for the democratization of European society - it appeared as a cruel machine of senseless terror, the victims of which were about 2 million people.

10. Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)

The irrepressible imperial ambitions of Napoleon plunged Europe into chaos for 15 years. It all started with the invasion of French troops in Italy, and ended with an inglorious defeat in Russia. Being a talented commander, Napoleon, nevertheless, did not shun threats and intrigues, by which he subdued Spain and Holland to his influence, and also convinced Prussia to join the alliance, but then unceremoniously betrayed her interests.

During the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Italy, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and a number of other small territorial entities appeared on the map. In the final plans of the commander was the division of Europe between two emperors - himself and Alexander I, as well as the overthrow of Britain. But the inconsistent Napoleon himself changed his plans. The defeat in 1812 from Russia led to the collapse of Napoleonic plans in the rest of Europe. The Treaty of Paris (1814) returned France to its former borders of 1792.

11. Industrial Revolution (XVII-XIX centuries)

The industrial revolution in Europe and the USA made it possible to move from an agrarian society to an industrial one in just 3-5 generations. The invention of the steam engine in England in the second half of the 17th century is considered to be the conditional beginning of this process. Over time, steam engines began to be used in production, and then as a driving mechanism for locomotives and steamships.
The main achievements of the era of the Industrial Revolution can be considered the mechanization of labor, the invention of the first conveyors, machine tools, and the telegraph. The advent of the railroads was a huge step.

The Second World War was fought on the territory of 40 countries, and 72 states took part in it. According to some estimates, 65 million people died in it. The war markedly weakened Europe's position in global politics and economics and led to the creation of a bipolar system in world geopolitics. Some countries during the war were able to achieve independence: Ethiopia, Iceland, Syria, Lebanon, Vietnam, Indonesia. In the countries of Eastern Europe, occupied by Soviet troops, socialist regimes were established. World War II also led to the creation of the UN.

14. Scientific and technological revolution (mid. XX century)

The scientific and technological revolution, the onset of which is usually attributed to the middle of the last century, made it possible to automate production, entrusting the control and management of production processes to electronics. The role of information has seriously increased, which also allows us to talk about the information revolution. With the advent of rocket and space technology, human exploration of near-Earth space began.