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Acyclovir - instructions for use, reviews, analogs and forms of release (tablets, ointment, cream, eye ointment - acre, hexal, akos) drugs for the treatment of oral and genital herpes in adults, children and pregnancy. Aciclovir for herpes virus

27.08.2020 -
Fungus

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Acyclovir. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Acyclovir in their practice are presented. A big request to actively add your reviews about the drug: did the medicine help or not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Acyclovir analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of oral and genital herpes in adults, children, and during pregnancy and lactation. Trademarks for various variants of acyclovir: Akri, GEKSAL, AKOS.

Acyclovir- an antiviral drug, a synthetic analogue of the thymidine nucleoside, which has a highly selective effect on herpes viruses. Inside the virus-infected cells, under the action of viral thymidine kinase, a series of successive reactions of acyclovir transformation into acyclovir mono-, di- and triphosphate takes place. Acyclovir triphosphate is integrated into the viral DNA chain and blocks its synthesis through competitive inhibition of the viral DNA polymerase.

The specificity and very high selectivity of action are also due to its predominant accumulation in cells affected by the herpes virus. Highly active against Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2; the virus that causes varicella and shingles (Varicella zoster); Epstein-Barr virus (types of viruses are listed in ascending order of the value of the minimum inhibitory concentration of acyclovir). Moderately active against cytomegalovirus.

With herpes, it prevents the formation of new elements of the rash, reduces the likelihood of skin dissemination and visceral complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, and reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, the bioavailability is 15-30%, while dose-dependent concentrations are created that are sufficient for the effective treatment of viral diseases. Food does not significantly affect the absorption of acyclovir. Acyclovir penetrates well into many organs, tissues and body fluids. Acyclovir crosses the blood-brain and placental barriers and accumulates in breast milk. About 84% is excreted by the kidneys unchanged, 14% - in the form of a metabolite. Less than 2% of acyclovir is excreted from the body through the intestines.

Indications

  • treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (genital and oral herpes), both primary and secondary, including genital herpes;
  • prevention of exacerbations of recurrent infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in patients with normal immune status;
  • prevention of primary and recurrent infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 in patients with immunodeficiency;
  • as part of the complex therapy of patients with severe immunodeficiency: with HIV infection (AIDS stage, early clinical manifestations and a detailed clinical picture) and in patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation;
  • treatment of primary and recurrent infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox, as well as herpes zoster - Herpes zoster).

Release form

Tablets 200 mg.

Ointment for external use 5%.

Cream for external use 5%.

Eye ointment 3%.

Lyophilisate for solution for infusion (in injections).

Instructions for use and dosage

Acyclovir is taken during or immediately after a meal and washed down with a sufficient amount of water. The dosage regimen is set individually depending on the severity of the disease.

Treatment of skin and mucous membrane infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2

adults

Acyclovir is prescribed 200 mg 5 times a day for 5 days at 4-hour intervals during the day and at 8-hour intervals at night. In more severe cases of the disease, the course of treatment can be extended by a doctor's prescription up to 10 days. As part of complex therapy for severe immunodeficiency, incl. with a detailed clinical picture of HIV infection, including early clinical manifestations of HIV infection and the stage of AIDS; after bone marrow transplantation or in violation of absorption from the intestine, 400 mg is prescribed 5 times a day.

Treatment should begin as soon as possible after infection occurs; in case of relapses, acyclovir is prescribed in the prodromal period or when the first elements of the rash appear.

Prevention of recurrence of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in patients with normal immune status

The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times a day (every 6 hours) or 400 mg 2 times a day (every 12 hours). In some cases, lower doses are effective - 200 mg 3 times a day (every 8 hours) or 2 times a day (every 12 hours).

Prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in immunocompromised patients.

The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times a day (every 6 hours). In the case of severe immunodeficiency (for example, after bone marrow transplantation) or in violation of absorption from the intestine, the dose is increased to 400 mg 5 times a day. The duration of the prophylactic course of therapy is determined by the duration of the period of existence of the risk of infection.

Treatment of infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)

adults

Assign 800 mg 5 times a day every 4 hours during the day and with an 8-hour interval at night. The duration of the course of treatment is 7-10 days.

Children

Assign 20 mg / kg 4 times a day for 5 days (maximum single dose 800 mg), children from 3 to 6 years old: 400 mg 4 times a day, over 6 years old: 800 mg 4 times a day within 5 days.

Treatment should begin at the earliest signs or symptoms of chickenpox.

Treatment of infections caused by the Herpes zoster virus (shingles)

adults

Assign 800 mg 4 times a day every 6 hours for 5 days. Children over the age of 3 years, the drug is prescribed in the same dose as adults.

Treatment and prevention of infections caused by Herpessimplex types 1 and 2 in immunocompromised pediatric patients with normal immune status.

Children from 3 years to 6 years - 400 mg; older than 6 years - 800 mg 4 times a day. A more accurate dose is determined at the rate of 20 mg / kg of body weight, but not more than 800 mg. The course of treatment is 5 days. There are no data on the prevention of recurrence of herpes simplex infections and the treatment of herpes zoster in children with normal immunity.

For treatment children older than 3 years, 800 mg of acyclovir is prescribed 4 times a day every 6 hours (as for the treatment of adults with immunodeficiency).

In old age, there is a decrease in the clearance of acyclovir in the body in parallel with a decrease in creatinine clearance. taking large doses of the drug inside, should receive a sufficient amount of fluid. In renal insufficiency, it is necessary to resolve the issue of reducing the dose of the drug.

Side effect

  • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
  • abdominal pain;
  • a slight increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine;
  • leukopenia, erythropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia;
  • headache;
  • dizziness;
  • agitation, confusion, drowsiness;
  • tremor;
  • hallucinations;
  • convulsions;
  • dyspnea;
  • anaphylactic reactions;
  • skin rash, itching, urticaria;
  • fatigue;
  • fever;
  • myalgia.

Contraindications

  • lactation period;
  • children's age up to 3 years (for this dosage form).

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Acyclovir crosses the placental barrier and accumulates in breast milk. The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only if the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. If necessary, taking acyclovir during lactation requires interruption of breastfeeding.

special instructions

Acyclovir is used strictly according to the doctor's prescription in order to avoid complications in adults and children over 3 years old.

Duration or repeated treatment with acyclovir in immunocompromised patients may lead to the emergence of virus strains that are insensitive to its action. Most of the identified strains of viruses that are insensitive to acyclovir show a relative lack of viral thymidine kinase; strains with altered thymidine kinase or altered DNA polymerase have been isolated. In vitro action of acyclovir on isolated strains of the Herpes simplex virus may cause the appearance of less sensitive strains.

With caution, the drug is prescribed to patients with impaired renal function, elderly patients due to an increase in the half-life of acyclovir.

When using the drug, it is necessary to ensure the flow of a sufficient amount of liquid.

When taking the drug, kidney function (blood urea and plasma creatinine) should be monitored. Acyclovir does not prevent sexual transmission of herpes, therefore, during the treatment period, it is necessary to refrain from sexual intercourse, even in the absence of clinical manifestations. It is necessary to inform patients about the possibility of transmission of the genital herpes virus during the period of rashes, as well as about cases of asymptomatic virus carriage.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

There is no data. However, it should be borne in mind that during the period of treatment with acyclovir dizziness may develop, therefore, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

drug interaction

Strengthening the effect of acyclovir is noted with the simultaneous appointment of immunostimulants.

When taken simultaneously with nephrotoxic drugs, the risk of developing impaired renal function increases.

Analogues of the drug Acyclovir

Structural analogues for the active substance:

  • Acigerpin;
  • Acyclovir Belupo;
  • Acyclovir GEKSAL;
  • Acyclovir Sandoz;
  • Acyclovir forte;
  • Acyclovir-AKOS;
  • Acyclovir-Acri;
  • Acyclovir-Ferein;
  • Acyclostad;
  • Vero-Acyclovir;
  • Vivorax;
  • Virolex;
  • Gervirax;
  • Gerpevir;
  • Herperax;
  • Herpes;
  • Zovirax;
  • Lizavir;
  • Medovir;
  • Provirsan;
  • Supraviran;
  • Cyclovax;
  • Cyclovir;
  • Citivir.

In the absence of analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases that the corresponding drug helps with and see the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

Modern medicine knows eight varieties of the herpes virus. They affect various parts of the human body, which leads to serious health consequences. It is impossible to completely cope with such a problem, therefore, treatment is aimed at eliminating the symptoms and transferring the pathogen to a state of rest. The most effective medication is acyclovir for herpes. It quickly suppresses the activity of viruses. The main thing is not to forget about the features of the tool and the rules for its use.

Features of the drug

The herpes virus lives in the body of 90% of all inhabitants of the planet. But it appears only in 5%. The reason for this is a sharp decrease in immunity, hypothermia, a long stay in a stressful situation or the presence of serious diseases. Taking antiviral drugs helps to cope with the problem.

The most effective means is Acyclovir. It belongs to the group of synthetic and is an analog of a purified nucleoside. It does not have a toxic effect on mammalian cells.

Acyclovir prevents the appearance of a rash, reduces the likelihood of complications, relieves pain during an exacerbation of the disease. The active substance contributes to the rapid formation of crusts at the site of the rash.

The bioavailability of the drug varies from 15 to 30%. It quickly spreads through the tissues of the body. Metabolized in liver cells. Three hours later, it is excreted from the body with urine.

The dosage and treatment regimen is selected by a specialist, based on the state of health of the patient. The localization of the virus and the age of the patient are taken into account. In a primary infection, the dosage of the active substance should be high, since the body does not have a sufficient amount of antibodies that fight the disease. It is allowed to take acyclovir for the prevention of herpes.

The drug is available in two forms:

  • Ointment. Packed in tubes of 2, 5, 10 and 20 grams. Contains 5% active ingredient concentration. Additional components: chicken fat, polyethylene oxide, water and emulsifiers. Thanks to them, the drug is better absorbed by the skin.
  • Pills. The dosage of the active substance in them is 200, 400 or 800 mg. As auxiliary components, lactose, starch, calcium stearate are used.

The choice of a specific type of drug is carried out taking into account the nature of the course of the disease and the localization of the virus. Ointment on average costs from 14 to 50 rubles, and tablets from 170 to 190 rubles. On the Internet there are many positive reviews about this drug from people who drank it or used the ointment. This once again underlines its effectiveness.

The drug is in the form of tablets

Acyclovir tablets is an effective treatment for herpes simplex and genital herpes. With its help, shingles can also be treated. It is often recommended to take it with moderate severity of the disease. With severe forms, he copes poorly due to low bioavailability. Only 30% of the total amount of the active substance attacks the virus. The rest of it doesn't reach it.

The components of the agent enter the bloodstream, where infected cells circulate. Viruses produce enzymes that help them stay alive. Acyclovir reacts with these enzymes and transforms them. The substance loses its ability to integrate into the DNA of the virus, which leads to its death.

The virus settles in the nerve ganglia. This area is not accessible to the immune system and to the drug. Therefore, Acyclovir effectively fights only viruses that are on the surface. Part of the infection after the end of the course of therapy continues to live in the human body, passing into a latent form.

The course of treatment with the drug allows you to achieve the following results:

  • Rapid healing of herpetic wounds.
  • New foci of infection do not appear.
  • Unpleasant symptoms are eliminated: redness, itching, soreness.

After treatment, the disease goes into a latent form for a long time. A sharp decrease in immunity can provoke an exacerbation. Therefore, special attention during and after treatment is paid to increasing the protective functions of the body.

Active substance

Aciclovir (aciclovir)

Release form, composition and packaging

10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (2) - packs of cardboard.

pharmachologic effect

The antiviral drug is a synthetic analog of the acyclic purine nucleoside, which has a highly selective effect on herpes viruses. In virus-infected cells, under the action of viral thymidine kinase, phosphorylation and subsequent sequential transformation into mono-, di-, and triphosphate occur. Acyclovir triphosphate is integrated into the viral DNA chain and blocks its synthesis through competitive inhibition of the viral DNA polymerase.

In vitro, acyclovir is effective against herpes simplex virus - Herpes simplex types 1 and 2; against the Varicella zoster virus that causes chickenpox and; higher concentrations are required to inhibit the Epstein-Barr virus. Moderately active against cytomegalovirus.

In vivo, acyclovir is therapeutically and prophylactically effective, primarily in viral infections caused by the Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Prevents the formation of new elements of the rash, reduces the likelihood of skin dissemination and visceral complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, the bioavailability is 15-30%, while dose-dependent concentrations are created that are sufficient for the effective treatment of viral diseases. Food does not significantly affect the absorption of acyclovir. Acyclovir penetrates well into many organs, tissues and body fluids. Protein binding is 9-33% and does not depend on its plasma concentration. The concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid is about 50% of its plasma concentration. Acyclovir crosses the blood-brain and placental barriers and accumulates in breast milk. After oral administration of 1 g / day, the concentration of acyclovir in breast milk is 60-410% of its concentration in plasma (acyclovir enters the child's body with mother's milk at a dose of 0.3 mg / kg / day).

C max drug in plasma after oral administration of 200 mg 5 times / day - 0.7 μg / ml, C min - 0.4 μg / ml; the time to reach Cmax in plasma is 1.5-2 hours. It is metabolized in the liver to form a pharmacologically inactive compound 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine. It is excreted by the kidneys by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion: about 84% is excreted by the kidneys unchanged, 14% - in the form of a metabolite. The renal clearance of acyclovir is 75-80% of the total plasma clearance. T 1/2 in adults with normal renal function is 2-3 hours. In patients with severe T 1/2 - 20 hours, with hemodialysis - 5.7 hours, while the concentration of acyclovir in plasma decreases to 60% of the initial value. Less than 2% of acyclovir is excreted from the body through the intestines.

Indications

- treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, both primary and secondary, including;

- prevention of exacerbations of recurrent infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in patients with a normal immune status;

- prevention of primary and recurrent infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 in patients with immunodeficiency;

- as part of the complex therapy of patients with severe immunodeficiency: with HIV infection (AIDS stage, early clinical manifestations and a detailed clinical picture) and in patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation;

- treatment of primary and recurrent infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus (chicken pox, as well as herpes zoster - Herpes zoster).

Contraindications

- lactation period;

- children's age up to 3 years (for this dosage form).

With caution: pregnancy; the elderly and patients taking large doses of acyclovir, especially against the background of dehydration; impaired renal function; neurological disorders or neurological reactions to the intake of cytotoxic drugs (including history).

Dosage

Acyclovir is taken during or immediately after a meal and washed down with a sufficient amount of water. The dosage regimen is set individually depending on the severity of the disease.

Treatment of skin and mucous membrane infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2

adults

Acyclovir is prescribed 200 mg 5 times / day for 5 days at 4-hour intervals during the day and at 8-hour intervals at night. In more severe cases of the disease, the course of treatment can be extended by a doctor's prescription up to 10 days. As part of complex therapy for severe immunodeficiency, incl. with a detailed clinical picture of HIV infection, including early clinical manifestations of HIV infection and the stage of AIDS; after bone marrow transplantation or in case of malabsorption from the intestine, 400 mg is prescribed 5 times / day.

Treatment should begin as soon as possible after infection occurs; in case of relapses, acyclovir is prescribed in the prodromal period or when the first elements of the rash appear.

Prevention of recurrence of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 at patients with normal immune status

The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times / day (every 6 hours) or 400 mg 2 times / day (every 12 hours). In some cases, lower doses are effective - 200 mg 3 times / day (every 8 hours) or 2 times / day (every 12 hours).

Prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2, y immunocompromised patients.

The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times / day (every 6 hours). In case of severe immunodeficiency (for example, after bone marrow transplantation) or in violation of absorption from the intestine, the dose is increased to 400 mg 5 times / day. The duration of the prophylactic course of therapy is determined by the duration of the period of existence of the risk of infection.

Treatment infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)

adults

Assign 800 mg 5 times / day every 4 hours during the day and with an 8-hour interval at night. The duration of the course of treatment is 7-10 days.

Children

Assign 20 mg / kg 4 times / day for 5 days (maximum single dose 800 mg), children from 3 to 6 years old: 400 mg 4 times / day, over 6 years old: 800 mg 4 times / day for 5 days.

Treatment should begin at the earliest signs or symptoms of chickenpox.

Treatment of infections caused by the Herpes zoster virus (shingles)

adults

Assign 800 mg 4 times / day every 6 hours for 5 days. Children over 3 years of age the drug is prescribed in the same dose as for adults.

Treatment and prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2, pediatric patients with immunodeficiency and normal immune status.

Children from 3 years old to 6 years old- 400 mg times / day; over 6 years old- 800 mg 4 times / day. A more accurate dose is determined at the rate of 20 mg / kg body weight, but not more than 800 mg times / day. The course of treatment is 5 days. There are no data on the prevention of recurrence of herpes simplex infections and the treatment of herpes zoster in children with normal immunity.

For treatment children over 3 years old appoint 800 mg of acyclovir 4 times / day every 6 hours (as for the treatment adults with immunodeficiency).

AT old age there is a decrease in the clearance of acyclovir in the body in parallel with a decrease in creatinine clearance. taking large doses of the drug inside, should receive a sufficient amount of fluid. In renal insufficiency, it is necessary to resolve the issue of reducing the dose of the drug.

Caution must be exercised when prescribing acyclovir patients with renal insufficiency. In such patients, taking the drug orally at recommended doses for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by the herpes simplex virus does not lead to accumulation of the drug to concentrations exceeding the established safe levels. However,

At , as well as in the treatment

—

Side effects

The drug is usually well tolerated.

The following classification of adverse reactions was used depending on the frequency of occurrence: very often (> 1/10), often (> 1/10,<1/100), иногда (>1/1000, <1/100), редко (>1/10 000, <1/1000), очень редко (<1/10 000).

From the digestive system: often - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; very rarely - hepatitis, jaundice, in isolated cases - abdominal pain.

From the hematopoietic system: rarely - a transient slight increase in the activity of liver enzymes, a slight increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine, hyperbilirubinemia; very rarely - leukopenia, erythropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia.

From the side of the central nervous system: often - dizziness; very rarely - agitation, confusion, tremor, ataxia, dysarthria, hallucinations, psychotic symptoms, convulsions, drowsiness, encephalopathy, coma.

Usually these side effects were observed in patients with renal insufficiency or in the presence of other provoking factors, and were mostly reversible.

From the respiratory system: rarely - shortness of breath.

Allergic reactions: anaphylactic reactions, skin rash, itching, urticaria, Lyell's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

From the skin and subcutaneous tissue: often - itching, urticaria, rash, including sensitization, rarely - alopecia, rapid diffuse hair loss (since this type of alopecia is observed in various diseases and in the treatment of many drugs, its connection with taking acyclovir has not been established); very rarely Lyell's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Others: often - fatigue, fever; rarely - peripheral edema, visual impairment, lymphadenopathy, myalgia, malaise.

Overdose

There have been no cases of overdose with oral acyclovir. Ingestion of 20 g of acyclovir has been reported. Symptoms: agitation, coma, convulsions, lethargy. Precipitation of acyclovir in the renal tubules is possible if its concentration exceeds the solubility in the renal tubules (2.5 mg / ml).

Treatment: symptomatic.

drug interaction

Simultaneous use with probenecid leads to an increase in the mean half-life and a decrease in the clearance of acyclovir.

Strengthening the effect of acyclovir is noted with the simultaneous appointment of immunostimulants.

When taken simultaneously with nephrotoxic drugs, the risk of developing impaired renal function increases.

special instructions

Acyclovir is used strictly according to the doctor's prescription in order to avoid complications in adults and children over 3 years old.

Duration or repeated treatment with acyclovir in immunocompromised patients may result in the emergence of viral strains that are insensitive to its action. Most of the identified strains of viruses that are insensitive to acyclovir show a relative lack of viral thymidine kinase; strains with altered thymidine kinase or altered DNA polymerase have been isolated. In vitro action of acyclovir on isolated strains of the Herpes simplex virus may cause the appearance of less sensitive strains.

With caution, the drug is prescribed to patients with impaired renal function, elderly patients due to an increase in the half-life of acyclovir.

When using the drug, it is necessary to ensure the flow of a sufficient amount of liquid.

When taking the drug, kidney function (blood urea and plasma creatinine) should be monitored. Acyclovir does not prevent sexual transmission of herpes, therefore, during the treatment period, it is necessary to refrain from sexual intercourse, even in the absence of clinical manifestations. It is necessary to inform patients about the possibility of transmission of the genital herpes virus during the period of rashes, as well as about cases of asymptomatic virus carriage.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

There is no data. However, it should be borne in mind that during the period of treatment with acyclovir dizziness may develop, therefore, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Patients with renal insufficiency. In such patients, taking the drug orally at recommended doses for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by the herpes simplex virus does not lead to accumulation of the drug to concentrations exceeding the established safe levels. However, patients with severe renal insufficiency (CC less than 10 ml / min) the dose of acyclovir should be reduced to 200 mg 2 times / day at 12-hour intervals.

At treatment of infections caused by the virus Varicella zoster, Herpes zoster, as well as in the treatment patients with severe immunodeficiency recommended doses are:

— terminal renal failure (CC less than 10 ml / min)- 800 mg 2 times / day every 12 hours;

—severe renal failure (CC 10-25 ml / min)- 800 mg 3 times / day every 8 hours.

Use in the elderly

AT old age there is a decrease in the clearance of acyclovir in the body in parallel with a decrease in creatinine clearance. Taking large doses of the drug inside, should receive a sufficient amount of fluid. In renal insufficiency, it is necessary to resolve the issue of reducing the dose of the drug.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

The drug is dispensed by prescription.

Terms and conditions of storage

Store the drug in a dry, dark place at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Keep out of the reach of children. Shelf life - 2 years. Do not use after the expiration date.

Content

The drug Acyclovir tablets is effective in the treatment of the first two types of herpes virus. Herpes simplex is very sensitive to the purine nucleoside deoxyguanidine, the analogue of which is Acyclovir. The principle of action of the medicinal substance is based on the interaction with the enzymes of the virus in order to interrupt their reproduction. The drug aciclovir fights the consequences of a weakened immune system of the human body, without affecting the causes themselves.

What is Acyclovir

Nucleosides are the building blocks for DNA, through which genetic information is transmitted at the cellular level. Synthetically created nucleoside analogues allow the drug to penetrate the cells affected by the virus and affect the processes occurring there. One of these analogues is Acyclovir. The mechanism of its action is due to the transformation under the influence of virus and human enzymes into monophosphate, then into diphosphate and, finally, into the active form - acyclovir triphosphate, which blocks the reproduction of the viral cell.

Compound

The main active ingredient in the tablets is Acyclovir, which is a white crystallized powder with a dosage of 200, 400, 800 mg. Additional substances that are used to give the drug the necessary technological qualities, ensure dosage accuracy and strength:

  • lactose or milk sugar - diluent;
  • starch - baking powder;
  • aerosil - antifriction (anti-slip) substance;
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone - binding ingredient;
  • calcium stearate - a lubricant to simplify the process of swallowing.

What are Acyclovir tablets for?

The herpetic virus, once in the body, remains there forever. This does not mean that an infected person will have to walk with a rash or shingles all his life. Such troubles will appear only during periods of weakened immune defenses, for example, with a cold or flu. Antiviral therapy is used in the treatment of patients in whom the disease has passed into an active form, which manifests itself in the form of external or internal rashes, herpes zoster, lesions of the mucous membrane with a rash.

The purpose of Acyclovir tablets is to block the spread of the virus, relieving you of pain, but not affecting the immune system. The drug removes the pronounced manifestations of primary or recurrent herpes - pain, swelling, burning. Also, the effect of the drug is aimed at reducing the chances of recurrence of the disease in the near future. Timely use can prevent the appearance of rashes with chicken pox, oral and genital herpes, and lichen.

Mechanism of action of acyclovir

The effectiveness of the effect of the drug on the spread of the virus is due to the selective mechanism of action specifically on the affected cells. The pharmacological effect is explained by the absence of viral thymidine kinase (an enzyme involved in the formation of DNA) in uninfected cells. Once in the body, the active drug under the action of pathogenic enzymes is phosphorylated and transformed into acycloguanosine triphosphate, i.e. a compound that inhibits viral DNA. The concentration of the substance reaches its maximum in 1.5-2 hours.

Acyclovir tablets - instructions for use

The attending physician prescribes a single dose and frequency of administration, based on the clinical picture of the patient's disease. The main factors affecting the presence of significant differences in dosage are the severity and etymology of the development of the disease, the presence of prerequisites for relapse, the state of the body's immune system. Self-administration of the drug is not recommended due to the possibility of complications or a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment.

For kids

The intake of Acyclovir tablets for children is calculated based on the weight and surface area of ​​the child's body. It is possible to use drug treatment from the age of three. Infants are contraindicated in taking medication in tablets, only intravenously or externally. The dose of the active substance and the frequency of administration for children differ depending on the type of viral disease. For the safe prescription of the drug, it is necessary to examine the child's body, its immune system as a whole.

For adults

The method of using Acyclovir in the treatment of viral diseases in adults is based on the patient's immune status, age and kidney function. Elderly patients with any type of renal insufficiency or immunodeficiency require a special approach when prescribing the drug. Ignoring individual characteristics can lead to unforeseen consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to get the advice of a specialist before proceeding with self-treatment.

During pregnancy

The herpes and chickenpox virus poses a threat to the health of a pregnant woman and fetus. Therefore, if there is a threat to the life of a future woman in labor, it is possible to prescribe Acyclovir for a period of more than 5 months. The active substance of the drug crosses the placental barrier, but this is not the cause of pregnancy failure. The appointment of a tablet form of the drug is an extreme measure and is possible only under the supervision of a doctor.

How to take Aciclovir tablets

The regimen for taking Acyclovir is designed mainly for 5-10 days. Treatment may be extended at the discretion of the physician for justified reasons. Starting self-medication, you must carefully read how to take Acyclovir tablets. The first rule is to take the drug with meals or immediately after meals. The second point - should be washed down with a sufficient amount of water without sweeteners or dyes. The volume of liquid should be such that the tablet easily passes into the intestines.

With chickenpox

Chickenpox (varicella zoster) can be mild or severe. The severity depends on the body's immune ability to resist viruses. For adults, the medication is prescribed at the earliest stage of the disease, and for children under 12 years of age - only with intolerance to the disease state or with a severe course of the disease. Adult patients take the drug according to the scheme: 2 tablets of 400 mg. with a four hour break. The children's dose is half that of an adult, and the time interval between doses is increased by 1 hour, but not more than 4 times a day.

How to drink Acyclovir with herpes

Symptoms of the Herpes virus disappear after a five-day course of taking Acyclovir, 1 tablet every 4 hours (5 times a day). If the immune system is too weak and does not have time to cope with a viral attack, the duration of the drug is increased to 10 days without changing the dosage. When the virus awakens again in a short time period, the treatment is repeated according to the same scheme at the very initial stage of relapse.

With lichen

Treatment of herpes zoster, which is the same form of viral disease as chickenpox, consists of taking 1 tablet orally 5 times a day. Complex therapy includes support with vitamin-containing preparations and painkillers. Additionally, on the recommendation of a doctor, antibiotic therapy can be prescribed if there are indications for its use.

For immunity

The defeat of body cells by viruses occurs during periods of weakening of the human immune system. To maintain the natural defense mechanism in good shape, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system in all possible ways. The principle of action of Acyclovir is to eliminate the consequences of depressed immunity. The active substance of the drug does not affect healthy cells, so it will not work to strengthen the immune system by this method. The elimination of pathogenic formations helps to restore the functionality of the body and resume the production of new immune cells.

Is it possible to drink Acyclovir for prevention

A set of measures to prevent the possibility of the appearance or resumption of symptoms of a viral disease is prevention. One such measure is the prophylactic administration of Acyclovir. This method is especially effective after an organ transplant operation or, if you know your risk factor, which with a high degree of probability can provoke a disease. Dosage and prophylactic regimen should be clarified with the attending physician observing the history of the disease.

Side effects and contraindications

The use of Acyclovir only in rare cases can provoke side effects. This is possible with an overdose of the medication taken. Studies indicate good tolerance by patients of different age categories. You should be aware of the possible reactions of the body in order to avoid a panic reaction if they occur. Side effects in order of their likelihood:

  • nausea;
  • vomit;
  • diarrhea;
  • dizziness;
  • headache;
  • small rashes on the skin;
  • fatigue;
  • allergy;
  • violation of peripheral vision;
  • dyspnea;
  • tremor;
  • anemia;
  • myalgia.

There are few contraindications to the use of Acyclovir in the treatment of viral infections in tablet form. It is necessary to refrain from taking pills during lactation, in early pregnancy, for children under 3 years of age. If the treatment process reveals the presence of individual intolerance to the substance, you must immediately stop taking it. Persons suffering from renal insufficiency and nursing mothers should resort to this method of treatment after consulting a doctor.

How much does acyclovir tablets cost

You can buy medication without a prescription in the pharmacies of the city. The price of the drug in different regions of Moscow and St. Petersburg may differ, but it varies from 28 to 190 rubles. The sale of medicines is also possible in an online pharmacy. You can order the required amount without leaving your home, while delivery is carried out both by mail and by courier to your home. The cost of Acyclovir tablets does not change significantly, additional costs include only delivery services. The price of Acyclovir tablets in Moscow, depending on the manufacturer and the dose of the active substance:

Release form, quantity

Official manufacturer

Cost, rub.

400 mg., 20 pcs.

Obolenskoe FP, Russia

200 mg., 20 pcs.

Belmedpreparaty, Belarus

200 mg., 25 pcs.

Sandoz, Switzerland

400 mg., 20 pcs.

Akrikhin, Russia

200 mg., 20 pcs.

Akrikhin, Russia

200 mg., 20 pcs.

Irbit Chemical Pharmaceutical Plant

200 mg., 20 pcs.

ShchVZ, Russia

Drug analogues

Medicines in which the active ingredient is Acyclovir can be effective in the treatment, like the original. Before choosing a generic (an inexpensive analogue of the original drug with a modified composition of auxiliary impurities), you should consult a doctor or pharmacist. Even the identity of the main component contained in similar products does not guarantee the absence of allergens in impurities. Pharmacological analogues of Acyclovir, the purchase of which does not require a prescription:

  • acivir
  • acigerpine
  • herpevir
  • zovirax
  • virolex
  • biociclovir
  • valavir
  • vaciclovir
  • virorib
  • geviran
  • medovir
  • famvir

Acyclovir is a modern drug for the treatment of herpes, as well as some other viral diseases. Acyclovir has a direct antiviral effect, which means that it acts directly on the viruses themselves, preventing them from multiplying.

Operating principle

The mechanism of the antiviral effect of the drug is that the active substance contained in the drug penetrates into virus-infected cells. Once in the cells, the virus begins to multiply in them, using the nucleotides present in the cell to synthesize the viral genome.

The structure of acyclovir is similar to the structure of guanine present in cells. Viral enzymes modify acyclovir to acyclovir triphosphate, which is structurally similar to deoxyguanosine triphosphate, and is normally included in the viral DNA sequence. The “unsuspecting” viral enzyme essentially inserts a “Trojan horse” into its DNA chain. And in vain, since acyclovir triphosphate makes it impossible for the virus to replicate. This stops its reproduction and greatly facilitates the body's immune forces in the fight against viral particles.

It should be noted that the active substance of the drug has absolutely no effect on the genetic apparatus of the cell itself and does not contribute to the occurrence of mutations. This can be confirmed by the results of both numerous tests on animals and the practice of using the drug in humans. Therefore, in this regard, the drug is completely safe.

The described method of fighting viruses was once a novelty in the world of medicine, and the developers of the drug were awarded the Nobel Prize. And until now, Acyclovir remains the most effective remedy for herpes viruses, despite the emergence of new antiviral drugs.

What viruses does the drug protect against? Unfortunately, the scope of the drug is limited only to a certain class of viruses, namely the herpesvirus family. These include herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, the virus (Varicella Zoster), cytomegalovirus that causes cytomegalovirus infection, and the Epstein-Barr virus that causes some tumors and blood diseases. Therefore, one should not listen to the opinion of those who propose to be treated with Acyclovir for any viral infections, such as influenza and even AIDS.

The effect of the drug on different viruses of the family is not the same. The drug is most terrible for herpes simplex viruses, it has a slightly weaker effect on the varicella-zoster virus and even worse on cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus.

Indications for use

First of all, the drug treats diseases caused by the herpes simplex virus. This is a herpes that occurs on the face, primarily around the lips, and on the mucous membranes, including the mucous membranes of the eyes, as well as in the anus and genitals.

Diseases caused by the Varicella zoster virus include chicken pox and shingles. Diseases caused by cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus can also be treated with the drug. However, their therapy requires larger doses than the treatment of herpes simplex.

Herpes is one of the most common infectious diseases. Its main symptoms are rashes in the lips, face and eyes. Sometimes rashes appear in the genital area. As a rule, the rash is very itchy and painful.

According to statistics, more than 90% of the world's population is infected with the herpes simplex virus. However, not everyone has symptoms of herpes. What is it connected with? The fact is that immunity in healthy people usually restrains the spread of the virus. However, in some cases, immunity can be weakened, and then we meet with manifestations of herpes.

What can reduce antiherpes immunity:

  • infectious diseases (ARI, influenza)
  • hypothermia
  • stress
  • elderly age
  • hormonal changes (for example, during pregnancy)

If these reasons led to the activation of the virus, then antiviral therapy is prescribed with the help of the drug.

Often there are cases when the drug is used for other purposes, for example, for the treatment of boils, acne, other rashes and dermatitis not associated with herpes viruses. Needless to say, there will be no benefit to the body in doing so. Therefore, before starting treatment, you should clarify the diagnosis - herpes or herpes zoster, with a specialist. It should also be remembered that the use of antibiotics for herpes is also meaningless.

Description of the drug

The drug is available in various dosage forms:

  • Acyclovir tablets, 200 or 400 mg
  • eye ointment
  • creams
  • solutions for parenteral administration

The question may arise, which dosage form is optimal? This should be decided by the attending physician. However, it should be noted that in the event that we are talking about skin rashes, it is best to use a cream or ointment, from which the active substance enters the virus breeding sites directly. If you use Acyclovir in tablets, then due to the low bioavailability of the drug, only a small amount enters the bloodstream. And this means that the effectiveness of the tool will be lower.

Acyclovir - although inexpensive, but quite a serious drug. Therefore, Acyclovir tablets are sold in pharmacies only by prescription. The only exceptions are creams and ointments.

The drug has several analogues. The most famous of them is Zovirax. In fact, this is a drug that has the same composition. However, it is of imported origin, and therefore its price is somewhat higher.

Side effects

The drug has few side effects. There may be allergic reactions to the components of the drug, headache, dizziness, gastrointestinal disturbances - nausea, diarrhea, vomiting.

In no case should you combine taking the drug with alcohol. The fact is that the drug is metabolized in the liver using the same enzymes as alcohol. Therefore, if you take Acyclovir and alcohol at the same time, this will lead to the fact that both substances will accumulate in the blood and, as a result, poisoning.

Contraindications

Acyclovir has several contraindications. First of all, the drug penetrates the placental and blood-brain barriers, enters breast milk. Therefore, it is not recommended for use during pregnancy. When prescribing the drug to pregnant and lactating mothers, the doctor must weigh the pros and cons. It is also not recommended to give tablets to children under 3 years of age.

Instructions for use and dosage

When taking Acyclovir tablets, you should follow the instructions for use that the drug is supplied with, or the instructions of your doctor.

Usually, Acyclovir 200 mg tablets should be taken for herpes simplex 5 times a day. Between doses, a break of 4 hours should be observed (at night - 8 hours). With chickenpox and herpes zoster, the dose is increased by 4 times - up to 800 mg.

Children are prescribed the drug based on their weight - 20 mg / kg. In this case, the drug is taken 4 times a day for 5 days.

The usual course of treatment is 5 days, with genital herpes, the period increases to 10 days. Prevention of herpes is carried out by taking 400 mg of the drug every 12 hours.

The maximum allowable daily dose is 2 g. The absorption of a substance into the blood does not depend on food. Therefore, Acyclovir tablets can be taken before and after meals.

The body's ability to remove the active substance from the blood is limited, so the dosage must be strictly observed so as not to be poisoned.

When using a cream or ointment, the medicine is smeared with a thin layer on the affected area. It should be remembered that a thick layer of ointment will not increase the therapeutic effect, but will only lead to the waste of the drug.



Herpes
Moles