Assortment of tobacco products. Shipping to any point in the country by a transport company is carried out at the expense of the buyer
Tobacco products is a tobacco product packaged in consumer packaging.
Types of tobacco products
- smoking tobacco products intended for smoking - cigarettes, cigarillos, cigars, cigarettes, hookah tobacco, thin-cut smoking tobacco, pipe tobacco, bidis, kretek
- non-smoking tobacco products intended for sucking, chewing or snorting - sucking tobacco (snus), chewing tobacco, snuff, nasvay
History of tobacco products
The Columbus expedition introduced Europeans to the opportunity to smoke tobacco. In 16th century Europe tobacco and tobacco products often perceived as a cure for various diseases. However, at the end of the 17th century, many European countries began to combat the use of tobacco by the church and doctors, who began to study its effect on human health.In Russia, tobacco and tobacco products became known during the reign of Mikhail Romanov in the mid-17th century. However, long-term tobacco was considered a demonic potion, and its use in any form was prohibited.
Peter the Great not only allowed the use of tobacco, but also established the production of tobacco products. The first tobacco factories appeared during his reign.
In 1950, the first scientific publications about the dangers of smoking appeared. After 10 years, health warnings will appear on packages of tobacco products.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control of the World Health Organization appeared.
Production of tobacco products regulated Federal Law RF dated December 22, 2008 N 268-FZ “Technical regulations for tobacco products”.
Sale of tobacco products prohibited without marking with special (excise) stamps, which exclude the possibility of their counterfeiting and reuse.
Each package of a tobacco product must bear the main warning message about the dangers of smoking - “Smoking kills” and one of the warning labels about the dangers of smoking.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDICATORS OF THE RANGE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS IN THE CENTRAL STORE
In its activities, the store is guided by current legislative acts, regulatory acts of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of the company, the procedure for their taxation, labor relations between the owners of the company and the workforce. The main activities of the enterprise under study include the implementation retail based on a trade license and a number of other documentation. The Magnit enterprise is a universal retail enterprise selling food and household goods, including sausages.
The Central store sells tobacco products in a specially designated sales section. Instead of a showcase with samples tobacco products, according to adopted law, in the section there is a varietal list of the range of tobacco products. There is no advertising of tobacco products.
The store's range of tobacco products includes:
- - tobaccos represented by brands of pipe tobacco: “Sailor”, “ Golden Fleece", "Navy", "Taiga", "Captain", "Dunza";
- - cigarettes - “Belomorkanal”, “Hercegovina Flor”, “Kazbek”;
- - cigarettes represented by the trademarks “Benson & Hedges”, “Bond Street”, “Camel”, “Chesterfield”, “Dunhill”, “Gauloises”, “George Karelias and Sons”, “Kent”, “L&M”, “Ligeros” ", "Lucky Strike", "Marlboro", "Pall Mall", "Parliament", "Salem", "West", "Winston", "Prima", "Don", "Soyuz Apollo", "Peter I", "Java";
- - cigars - “Cohiba”, “Cuaba”, “H. Upmann", "Por Larranaga", "Romeo y Julieta".
Depending on the taste, the range of cigarettes includes:
- - ordinary;
- - flavored;
- - menthol.
Depending on the strength, cigarettes in the Magnit store are divided into:
- - strong, or full-flavored cigarettes, sold in red or black packs;
- - lungs in blue packs;
- - ultra-light in packs of gray and silver colors;
- - extra-light in packs of white color.
Let's analyze the level of sales of tobacco products by the Central store in the period 2013-2014. (Table 4).
Table 4 - Sales of the range of tobacco products in the period 2013-2014.
|
Wine group name |
Off on implementation |
|||||||||
|
received |
implemented |
received |
implemented |
|||||||
|
Cigarettes |
||||||||||
|
Cigarettes |
||||||||||
The data in Table 4 says the following: the Central store sold tobacco products worth 1,228 thousand rubles in 2013, which is 21 thousand rubles less than what the store received for sale. In 2014, the sales volume of tobacco products increased slightly, by 41 thousand rubles. compared to 2013, but still sold 3 thousand rubles worth of drinks. less than received. This is due to poor logistics for this specific store. Sales of smoking tobacco decreased noticeably - by 38.1%, which is due to a decrease in demand for this type of tobacco product due to a significant increase in consumer prices. The sales level was 99.8%, which indicates a slight decrease in purchasing activity.
The majority of the assortment sold is cigarettes (76.7% of total sales), smoking tobacco is the least popular among buyers; in 2014, they were sold for only 7 thousand rubles, which is 0.8% of sales. But the consumption of cheap types of cigarettes is increasing. If in 2013 they were sold for 189 thousand rubles, then in 2014 - 5 thousand rubles more.
The formation of the range of tobacco products in the Central store is based on the following principles.
- 1st - demand for this type guilt. Cigarettes, mainly foreign brands, are in great demand in the store. It can be noted that the consumer chooses tobacco products with low content tar and nicotine.
- 2nd - the store’s pricing policy for the consumer. The assortment consists mainly of cigarettes, priced at 35-50 rubles per pack, but there are also tobacco products in the price range of 100 rubles. These are predominantly elite trademarks foreign manufacturers.
- 3rd - pricing policy of tobacco product suppliers. The assortment is also formed based on transportation costs, calculation of the remoteness of the enterprise producing tobacco products and the markup for a small volume of batches arriving at the store.
- 4th - the size of the area intended for placing tobacco products. The Central store has a sufficient number of shelves to accommodate more than 20 types of brands.
- 5th - the popularity of tobacco products on the market. In the Central store, the assortment is constantly updated, which indicates an innovative form of assortment selection and taking into account consumer opinion.
We will analyze the range of tobacco products based on the calculation of the defining indicators of the range using formulas, using the data in Table 5
Table 5 - Assortment of tobacco products at the Central store by product groups
The coefficient of breadth of product assortment in a store is calculated using the formula:
where Shd is the actual number of types of goods available (35).
Shb is the base latitude taken as the basis for comparison (50).
There is also a formula for determining the completeness of the assortment:
where Pd is a real indicator of the completeness of the assortment.
Pb is a basic indicator of the completeness of the assortment.
The coefficient of completeness of the range of tobacco products sold by the Central store is equal to:
The assortment stability coefficient is determined by the following ratio:
where Y is the number of types of wines that are in steady demand among the population;
Shb - total quantity names of grape wines sold.
Identification of product names that are in steady demand is based on methods of observation and analysis of documentary data on the receipt and sale of these products. These data show that 30 types of tobacco products are in steady demand in the Magnit store.
The stability coefficient of the range of tobacco products in the Central store is equal to:
The range of tobacco products in the store can be called stable, since many of the wines it sells are in constant demand among consumers.
As a rule, it is beneficial for a trading company to have a stable range of products sold.
However, it should be kept in mind that tastes and habits change over time, so a necessary condition For the successful operation of the enterprise, it is necessary to update the assortment.
The novelty of the assortment is characterized by actual renewal - the number of new products in the general list and the degree of renewal and is determined by the formula:
where N is the number of new products (4);
Шд - total number of product items (35).
Let us determine the coefficient of renewal of the range of tobacco products in the retail trade enterprise under study:
The novelty factor is small; this is due to the fact that the company’s management does not monitor the updating of the assortment.
Updating is one of the directions of the assortment policy of a trading enterprise. This direction is based on the widespread belief of consumers who believe that new products are better than previously released ones. But this is not always the case, because the quality of new products may be worse than already known ones or have unimportant differences from previously produced products.
Therefore, updating the assortment of tobacco products at the Central store is a very important direction in its formation. In conditions competitive environment You can’t do without updating, since the novelty of goods is one of the most important criteria competitiveness of the organization.
Thus, all areas of assortment policy contribute to improving the assortment and increasing its rationality
To assess the rationality of the assortment, the rationality coefficient is used - weighted average indicator of rationality, taking into account the real values of the indicators of breadth, completeness, stability and novelty, multiplied by the corresponding weight coefficients.
Kr = (Ksh x Vsh + Kp x Vp + hla Vu + Kn x Vn)/4, (5)
where Vsh, Vp, Vu, Vn are the weighting coefficients for the indicators of breadth, completeness, stability and novelty.
They are determined empirically for tobacco products (vsh = 0.5; vp = 0.9; vu = 0.5; vn = 0.6);
Ksh, Kp, Ku, Kn - coefficients of breadth, completeness, stability and novelty calculated for a given product assortment.
The coefficient of rationality of the range of tobacco products in the Central store is equal to:
Kr = (0.8 x 0.5)+(0.8 x 0.9)+(0.75 x 0.5)+(0.1 x 0.6)/4 = 0.38.
However, this figure is slightly lower than that of some competitors. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to rationalize the assortment, which is necessary to increase the competitiveness of the Central store
Tobacco products is a tobacco product packaged in consumer packaging.
Types of tobacco products
- smoking tobacco products intended for smoking - cigarettes, cigarillos, cigars, cigarettes, hookah tobacco, thin-cut smoking tobacco, pipe tobacco, bidis, kretek
- non-smoking tobacco products intended for sucking, chewing or snorting - sucking tobacco (snus), chewing tobacco, snuff, nasvay
History of tobacco products
The Columbus expedition introduced Europeans to the opportunity to smoke tobacco. In 16th century Europe tobacco and tobacco products often perceived as a cure for various diseases. However, at the end of the 17th century, many European countries began to combat the use of tobacco by the church and doctors, who began to study its effect on human health.In Russia, tobacco and tobacco products became known during the reign of Mikhail Romanov in the mid-17th century. However, long-term tobacco was considered a demonic potion, and its use in any form was prohibited.
Peter the Great not only allowed the use of tobacco, but also established the production of tobacco products. The first tobacco factories appeared during his reign.
In 1950, the first scientific publications about the dangers of smoking appeared. After 10 years, health warnings will appear on packages of tobacco products.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control of the World Health Organization appeared.
Production of tobacco products is regulated by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 22, 2008 N 268-FZ “Technical Regulations for Tobacco Products”.
Sale of tobacco products prohibited without marking with special (excise) stamps, which exclude the possibility of their counterfeiting and reuse.
Each package of a tobacco product must bear the main warning message about the dangers of smoking - “Smoking kills” and one of the warning labels about the dangers of smoking.
Tobacco products differ wide range, as well as a wide variety of taste and aroma properties.
Distinguish the following types tobacco products.
Makhorka is divided into smoking and snuffing. Smoking shag varieties: Vergun, top quality, number 1 strong, number 2 medium, number 3 light, flavored. Snuff shag is not divided into varieties.
Smoking tobacco is produced in the following classes: third, fifth, sixth.
Pipe tobacco has the same classes as smoking tobacco.
Cigars are made of the highest, 1st and 2nd grades.
Cigarettes have four classes: first, third, fifth and sixth.
Cigarettes come in first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh classes. The higher the class of cigarettes, the more complex and intense the aroma and taste of their smoke, less content nicotine and richer appearance. As the class of cigarettes decreases, their flavor strength increases. Flavor strength tobacco smoke-- an indicator characterizing the degree irritating effect tobacco smoke on respiratory tract smoking
Cigarettes are the most popular among tobacco products. In our country they are made with a filter mouthpiece - large ones and without a filter mouthpiece - round and oval.
Cigarettes without a filter mouthpiece are a sleeve jacket with a cylindrical or oval cross-section, completely filled with tobacco fibers. Theoretical foundations commodity science / Textbook for universities / M.A.Nikolaeva. - M.: Norma, 2006. - 310 p.
Filter tip cigarettes consist of shortened cigarettes with an attached continuous tip made of paper materials or longitudinally arranged cellulose acetate, rayon or similar fibers. There are also cigarettes with recess filters. In them, a cardboard cylinder is attached to a shortened cigarette, in which a filter mouthpiece shorter than the cylinder is placed, so an open cavity is formed at the end of such a cigarette.
Cigarettes are made from cigarette paper with a width of 27 - 28 mm. The filter mouthpiece of cigarettes of the first to fourth classes must be made of acetate fiber. The use of combined filter mouthpieces is allowed.
Cigarettes must be intact, have a strong seam and uniform filling density along the length of the smoking part. The edge of the tobacco must be smooth, flush with the end or draft to a depth of 1 mm, and the edge of the filter mouthpiece must be clean, even, without distortion. The filter mouthpiece must fit tightly to the smoking part of the cigarette and is firmly glued to it with cigarette paper of the CO brand (according to the current GOST) or rim paper simulating a cork, or colored. The rim should fit tightly around the cigarette, without wrinkles or folds. Air leakage due to the loose fit of the rim to the cigarette is not allowed. Cigarettes should not go out between puffs.
Maximum deviations in the size of cigarettes can be (in mm): for the total length ±0.6, for the length of the filter mouthpiece ±0.3, diameter 7.90 ±0.06.
To cigarettes high quality Cigarettes of the first to fourth classes with an acetate filter mouthpiece can be classified. It is allowed to manufacture cigarettes from raw tobacco processed with sauces, flavorings, and softeners.
The smoke aroma of tobacco products is improved by adding alcohol solutions to cut tobacco. essential oils, synthetic substances of the vanilla type, food essences and similar substances - flavorings. This process is called tobacco aromatization.
To soften the taste of tobacco smoke, leaf tobacco is soaked before cutting. aqueous solutions substances rich in carbohydrates, which when burned affect the taste and aroma of the smoke. This process is called tobacco sauce.
Thus, cigarettes are of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh classes. The higher the class of cigarettes, the more complex and intense the aroma and taste of their smoke, the lower the nicotine content and the richer the appearance. As the class of cigarettes decreases, their flavor strength increases. The taste strength of tobacco smoke is an indicator characterizing the degree of irritating effect of tobacco smoke on the smoker's respiratory tract.
Smoking tobacco is made from a mixture of fermented skeletal and aromatic tobaccos different types. Based on strength, it is divided into: strong, medium and medium strength. Tobacco produces grades 3, 5 and 6. The classes differ in the mass fraction of tobacco fiber, fines and dust. Smoking tobacco is not divided into brands.
Pipe tobacco differs from smoking tobacco in having a wider fiber to enhance the flammability of the tobacco in the pipe, as well as in taste and smell. Pipe tobacco is artificially flavored and sauced.
Flavor cut tobacco by spraying it alcohol solutions essential oils and aromatic substances (coumarin, vanillin, etc.).
Saucing involves soaking leaf tobacco in a sauce that contains prune decoction, honey, sugar, orange, rose and other substances.
Pipe tobacco is produced in grades 3, 5 and 6. Brands of pipe tobacco: “Sailor”, “Golden Fleece”, “Flotsky”, “Taiga”, “Captain”, “Dunza”.
Cigarettes. To produce cigarettes, cut yellow fermented tobacco of various qualities is used. These tobaccos are mixed in certain proportions in accordance with the recipe. The prepared tobacco mixtures are stuffed into cartridges on cigarette stuffing machines.
Cigarettes consist of a mouthpiece of varying lengths and a trigger (part of the cartridge case that is filled with tobacco).
Based on strength, aroma, taste, length and thickness of the trigger, as well as dust and moisture content, cigarettes are divided into classes 1, 3, 5 and 6.
Cigarettes are produced in lengths of 105, 95, 92, 85, 82, 70 mm, mouthpiece lengths of 70, 60, 50, 40 mm. Cigarettes that meet the requirements of the standard must have an even seam and uniform filling density along the length of the smoking part; must be clean and intact.
Cigarettes, unlike cigarettes, do not have a mouthpiece; their entire sleeve is filled with tobacco. Cigarettes are produced in sizes 100, 85, 80, 70 mm; The filter mouthpiece can have a length of 15, 18 and 20 mm. Cigarettes are produced in seven classes: 6 and 7 classes without filter; 3 and 5 - with and without filter; 1, 2 and 4 - only with filter.
The quality of cigarettes is assessed by taste, aroma, color of tobacco, size and shape of cigarettes, and external design; by dust and moisture content.
Cigars are made from cigar tobacco without using a paper sleeve. The cigar consists of three parts: the inner filling, the subleaf and the jacket (cover sheet).
The tobacco filling is formed from strips of cut tobacco, then it is wrapped in a subsheet and rolled up with a cover sheet.
The resulting cigars are pressed into molds, dried and packaged.
Cigars must meet the standard requirements, depending on the variety, in aroma, taste, color, appearance(color, rolling, trim, head shape, etc.), as well as by length, thickness, type of filling, fiber width.
Humidity (when leaving factories) - 13% + 1%.
According to its intended purpose, makhorka is divided into snorting and smoking.
Smoking shag is a fermented mixture of leaves and stem of the tobacco plant - shag.
Snuff is prepared from dusty particles of the leaf with the addition of peppermint oil, table salt, potassium carbonate, molasses, etc.
Tobacco products are packaged in packs and boxes. Cigars are packaged individually, in pairs, 10 pieces in boxes, test tubes, and pencil cases. The labeling of packs and boxes of tobacco products must contain the following inscription: “The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation warns: smoking is dangerous to your health.”
Tobacco products from domestic and other countries are available for sale.
Most American cigarettes are made in other countries. So, on licensed cigarettes there is an indication that they are manufactured under the license of such and such a company and the inscription “For export only” or “Made under US license”, “For use only outside the USA”. The smell of mustiness, mold, foreign odors, adhesive seams on cigarettes, and contamination with glue along the seams are allowed in tobacco products.
Tobacco products are stored in dry, ventilated areas at a relative air humidity of 60-70%. |
It is not allowed to store tobacco products together with perishable and strong-smelling goods.
Tobacco products are stored for no more than 12 months from the date of manufacture, pipe tobacco - 6 months.