Chekalkin nut. Chekalkin nut, xanthoceras in the garden Chekalkin nut growing in Siberia

Homeland - Northern China, where it was discovered at the end of the 19th century, in 1868 by Abbe David.

Photo Mishustin Ruslan

Deciduous tree or shrub, in cultivation up to 4 m in height. The trunk is intricately curved, the crown forms a thick cap of leaves similar in shape to mountain ash, which is reflected in the name. At the latitude of Kyiv, it blooms simultaneously with lilac, until the foliage is completely dissolved, with large, 25 cm, tassels of large white flowers with a red throat, dotting the entire tree. Extraordinarily effective. Some dendrologists consider it one of the most beautiful flowering shrubs. After flowering, it forms round boxes, the size of a walnut, from which, when ripe and cracking, from 5 to 17 pieces are poured out. round dark brown nuts resembling small hazelnuts with a thin skin. Nuts are edible both raw and roasted and contain up to 64% fat.

Care: does not tolerate stagnant water, especially at a young age, needs good drainage, a sunny warm place for planting. Like all nuts, it does not like transplants, it is recommended to sow and plant immediately in a permanent place. Grows fast. It is frost-resistant, according to some sources, up to -30 degrees C. In the USA, it is given zone 4.

X. sorbifolium Bunge in the collection of the Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg appears for 2-3 years (1955-1956, 1977 (planted from the greenhouse) - 1981, 1995-1997).

Reproduction: seeds. Attention! Seeds do not have a dormant period and do not require stratification - if you collect seeds from a tree and sow, they will immediately germinate and fall under frost. It is recommended to sow in the spring months immediately to a permanent place, since the nut gives a strong tap root, which makes it difficult to further successful transplantation. There are indications of the possibility of propagation by root cuttings.

The seed is stored in burlap in a cool, damp, well-ventilated area. Seed germination during such storage lasts up to 1.5 - 2 years. Laboratory germination is 98 - 100%, soil - from 20 to 66%. About 50% of germinated seeds form etiolated plants, which die 1-1.5 months after germination. It must be remembered that the seeds are easily eaten by mice. Embedding depth 4 - 5 cm.

Photo by Ivanov Sergey

Photo by Ivanov Sergey

Photo by Ivanov Sergey

Application: as a tapeworm on a hillock, the edge of a retaining wall, in creating mountain landscapes. The curved trunk and dense crown make it decorative throughout the growing season, but the Chekalkin nut is especially effective during the flowering period.

There is no information on its introduction in central Russia. In GBS RAS them. Tsitsina, is not in the collection, but both seeds and plants are offered for sale in Moscow. In Kyiv, it grows in the Grishka Botanical Garden, blooms and bears fruit annually.

Xanthoceras nut Chekalkin is a bush tree of incredible beauty. It was discovered at the end of the 19th century by Abbe David. This plant is native to China and North Korea. The tree has dense foliage and many flowers, which is why it is recognized as one of the most beautiful plants in the world.

Appearance

The tree has a bizarrely curved trunk, with branching branches. The crown forms a dense thick cap of leaves. The leaves of the plant have a wide paromidal shape and resemble mountain ash in appearance, but have a slightly different tone of color - dark green above, and light green below. In autumn, the foliage turns bright yellow. The height of the tree reaches 6 meters, while the tree grows like a shrub (see photo).

The brush reaches a length of 25 cm, which is dotted with a large number of large white flowers. Flowers have

star-shaped and reach a size of 4 cm in diameter (see photo).

Chekalkin walnut has a well-developed root system, which provides it with the ability to take root in all soils.

Walnut blooms in May. Within two weeks, all leaves bloom. Even after flowering, the graceful tree continues to delight the eye with its unusual shapes and beautiful leaves.

The fruits of the tree are very reminiscent of chestnuts, they are round boxes up to 7 cm in size, inside of which sweet seeds are located (see photo). Their weight does not exceed gr. Nuts begin to ripen in autumn. After full ripening, the round box of the nut bursts and opens edible balls, the number of seeds in them ranges from 5 to 17. They taste like almonds. They can be consumed both raw and fried.

cultivation

The rowan nut is a sun-loving plant, so it is comfortable for him to take root in the territories well

illuminated and heated by the sun. Despite the fact that the tree does not like the wind, a draft is not terrible for it.

Before planting seedlings, it is necessary to prepare the soil well. The soil must be diluted with sand if it is too hard. Be sure to fertilize the soil with nutrients. Chekalkin nut well perceives abundantly sprinkled lime and soil drainage (see photo).

Attention! Rowan nut xanthoceras does not tolerate transplanting well, so it should only be transplanted at a young age.

The plant does not tolerate abundant watering, stagnant water and closely spaced groundwater. Calmly relates to frost and can easily withstand -30˚С.

Cultivation comes from Chekalkin nut seeds or root cuttings. But the cuttings take root very poorly and can only survive in ideal conditions. But the seeds do not even require stratification (freezing), because they are not at rest.

Xanthoceras seeds are planted in April in a well-warmed and sunlit place. Small holes are made in the ground 4-5 cm deep and the seeds are immersed there. You can put several pieces in one hole, thus increasing the chance of germination. Sunrise germinates very slowly, within 1.5 months, many seedlings die. According to experienced gardeners, out of 10 seedlings planted, only 3 germinate - those that have gained a good root system.

In order to avoid the death of Chekalkin walnut seedlings, you can first germinate them separately in a special dishes (see photo). For better germination, the seeds of the Chekalkin nut must first be soaked for several days in warm water. After that, it is necessary to slightly incise the skin of the seeds in those places where germination is expected to occur. For a better effect, you can use a growth stimulator and hold at 20˚.

After the seedlings are ready for planting, drainage should be placed on the bottom of the dish, and a moist soil mixture (70% soil, 30% river sand) is placed on top. After that, they are planted to a depth of 2 cm and covered with a polyethylene film. Watering the seedlings is not required, it is only necessary to ensure that the earth does not dry out and moisten it a little once a week.

After the appearance of the first sprouts (see photo), the pot is placed in a warm, sunlit place and watered. The final landing in the ground occurs after warm weather is established.

In order for the plant to grow successfully, several rules must be taken into account:

• a young plant is difficult to tolerate frost;
• at the end of autumn, the plant should be covered with branches and leaves;
• mountain ash nut loves sunny weather, calmly relates to drought, but does not tolerate stagnant water and moisture;
• prefers soil with minerals, where there is a large amount of lime;
• during the period of active growth, the nut must be fertilized with mineral complexes that contain phosphorus and potassium;
• the tree bears fruit only for the 3rd year of life, in the first summer it grows by 40 cm;
• young bushes do not need to be cut;
• it is necessary to prune only adult plants, while removing broken and dried branches.

Attention! From excess moisture, a tree can become infected with a coral fungus. Unfortunately, there is no cure and the tree may die.

The development and growth of the Chekalkin nut is completely dependent on climatic and weather conditions. Watering the plant is not necessary, because. a slight drought is better for him than an overflow. The plant tolerates the fungus very poorly and almost always dies. But, despite this, his frost resistance is high, so he is not afraid of frost. The reviews of this plant are very good. Those who managed to grow xanthoceras are very satisfied, because the tree is not very whimsical and, in addition to its decorative properties, this nut has a rich and healthy harvest.

Today I will tell you about a very interesting tree --- Chekalkin Nut.

It blooms very beautifully, and its fruits are edible!

Rowan nut, or Chekalkin Nut, is a deciduous tree or shrub, in cultivation up to 4 m in height.

The trunk is intricately curved, the crown forms a thick cap of leaves similar in shape to mountain ash, which is reflected in the name.

At the latitude of Kyiv, it blooms simultaneously with lilac, until the foliage is completely dissolved, with large, 25 cm, brushes of large white flowers with a red throat, dotting the entire tree.

Extraordinarily effective. Some dendrologists consider it one of the most beautiful flowering shrubs.

After flowering, it forms round boxes, the size of a walnut,

Of which, when ripe and cracking, from 5 to 17 pieces are poured out. round dark brown nuts resembling small hazelnuts with a thin skin.

Nuts are edible both raw and roasted and contain up to 64% fat.

Care: does not tolerate stagnant water, especially at a young age, needs good drainage, a sunny warm place for planting. Like all nuts, it does not like transplants, it is recommended to sow and plant immediately in a permanent place. Grows fast. Frost-resistant, according to some sources, up to -30 degrees C.

Reproduction: seeds.

Attention! Seeds do not have a dormant period and do not require stratification - if you collect seeds from a tree and sow, they will immediately germinate and fall under frost. It is recommended to sow in the spring months immediately to a permanent place, since the nut gives a strong tap root, which makes it difficult to further successful transplantation. There are indications of the possibility of propagation by root cuttings.

Seeds are stored in burlap in a cool, damp, well-ventilated area. Seed germination during such storage lasts up to 1.5 - 2 years. It must be remembered that the seeds are easily eaten by mice. Embedding depth 4 - 5 cm.

I sincerely thank all the readers of our newspaper for their keen interest in new plants, and especially in walnut crops. We have already got acquainted with the unique Korenovsky walnut, with the royal nut - Thin-shell almonds, with low almonds - the beauty of the spring garden. Many gardeners grow and feel great hazelnuts - red-leaved and green-leaved.

I also had a chance to try chilim - a water chestnut growing in a pond, brought from the Penza region. With success about eight years ago, I grew peanuts (peanuts) of the Goodwin variety, chufu or ground almonds on a free plot. We can no longer talk about the benefits of all nuts - everyone knows that in terms of calories, protein content, healthy fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, nuts are not inferior to meat, milk and other valuable food products.

Nut from a friend from China

Speaking with you, I noted that nuts want to have everything, but the land area often does not allow growing powerful and tall trees, such as Manchurian walnut, gray walnut and tall varieties of walnut. And no one wants to wait for fruiting for 10 years. Today I want to tell you about another curious plant, the seeds of which were brought to me from China. This is Chekalkin walnut or rowan nut. It was sent to me by a friend of mine who worked in China for several years, learned the language, and stayed in Shanghai.
The Chinese are very practical people. Since there are very few good lands suitable for traditional farming (rice, wheat, vegetables) in the country, they gradually occupy all the inconveniences with unpretentious useful plants. And, including, on the foothills, on stony, organic-poor soils, they grow almonds, dogwood, Chinese shadberry, Chekalkin walnut. That's who we should learn from! Everything that can be eaten is grown on plantations and delivered to consumers. All these plants almost do not require watering, are content with poor soils and are of great benefit to man.

Walnut growing on rocks

I planted nuts directly into the ground in April, without doing any stratification (there was no time). I did not have any literature about this exotic. But, on reflection, I, as it turned out later, correctly judged that if at home, in China, it grew on stones, then I would not add humus to it (it is not known how it will react to it), but I will put expanded clay on the bottom of the hole to drain excess water and add a jar of wood ash.
After two weeks, I was surprised that all five nuts sprouted! Then, when the seedlings had already grown by 10 centimeters, I made a mistake and decided to plant them. And three seedlings died during transplantation. So for myself, I concluded - you need to plant a nut immediately in a permanent place or at home through seedlings in a peat pot, so as not to injure the roots once again.

Chekalkina nuts

Over the summer, the seedling grew by 35-40 cm. The leaves are very similar to mountain ash, complex, pinnate. As always, since mid-July, I have not watered it so that the trunk becomes a little woody. For the winter, I covered it with branches, spruce branches with a layer of 30 cm. They overwintered without any loss. In the second year, a bush began to form. We had water shortages, not enough for irrigation, and it was green. Apparently, he learned to extract water himself.
The first time the Chekalkin walnut blossomed in the third year. He had clusters of white flowers at the ends of the shoots, flowers 3-4 cm in diameter, star-shaped with a pleasant aroma. And in September, the fruits ripened. Nuts of 5-7 pieces are enclosed in a box the size of a large walnut, and they themselves are the size of small hazelnuts, have a very thin peel and a sweet core. The core of the rowan nut contains a lot of fat - up to 60%, trace elements, iodine, selenium, calcium, magnesium, cobalt.
Now this is a small compact tree 2.5 m high, it grows almost without care, I throw a handful of urea under it in the spring, then from half a bucket of chalk to the near-trunk circle, I water it once a week in the first half of summer, in the second half I don’t water it anymore. Twice a season I do foliar top dressing for him - I spray a solution of humate with trace elements on the leaves. Chekalkin nut bears fruit abundantly. It is necessary to monitor and collect in time so that the nuts do not all wake up on the ground - otherwise here, on earth, they immediately become a tasty prey for mice and other living creatures. We dry the collected nuts and fry them in a frying pan for food. You can't tell from almonds. And it takes up little space, and bears fruit in the third year!
This miracle propagates with nuts, which can be planted immediately in the ground, in the spring. Whoever wants to create such a compact walnut garden at home - along with the Korenovsky walnut and almonds, you can also grow rowan nut. I can send you nuts.
You can contact me with any questions by phone: 8-917-632-13-28 or write to me at: 432008, Ulyanovsk, PO Box 201.

Natalya Petrovna
ZAKOMURNAYA

A perennial beautiful plant - Chekalkin walnut or Xanthoceras rowanberry, whose flowering can be seen simultaneously with lilac in some regions of Ukraine and Russia, is considered an overseas tree, since China is its homeland and only some domestic regions can boast of its presence on their territory.

This plant belongs to the multitype genus Sapindov. Currently, in the regions of the Russian Federation, in the south and west of Ukraine, in Georgia, the Crimea and Central Asia, this type of walnut can only be observed in cultural plantings, but in the natural environment this plant is comfortable in the Chinese, Korean and Mongolian mountains and hilly areas.

What attracts in a checkalkin nut

Despite its low growth (up to 3 m) in a cultivated planting, the crown of the tree is very dense, and the leaf has a wide pyramidal shape, which looks especially attractive in the park area, especially during the flowering period. In combination with the sinuous shape of the trunk, the tree demonstrates an unusual decorative effect and attractiveness.

Xanthoceras - Chekalkin nut has a well-developed root system, which allows it to take root painlessly on different types of soil. The peculiarity of the tree also lies in its similarity with rowan leaves, but with a slightly different type of color - they are dark green on top, and light green below. The inflorescence has many large white flowers, which is a raceme densely dotted with star-shaped flowers up to 25 cm long.

The biological feature, which is the main indicator - for the Chekalkin nut, cultivation from seeds can occur from one plant, since the flowers are bisexual. Flowers after pollination acquire a beautiful burgundy-red color.

The fruits of this plant are rounded boxes resembling a chestnut. Inside are sweet-tasting seeds that are edible and can be eaten raw or fried. Fruits are valued for their high content of vegetable fat. But besides the fruit, the leaves are eaten. Walnut tastes very similar to almonds, in food it is even difficult to distinguish. According to the chemical composition, the fruits are very attractive, as they contain iodine, calcium, selenium, cobalt, and magnesium.

Growing features

Cultivation of xanthoceras-chekalkin nut has its own characteristics due to the fact that the plant is photophilous and takes root well in well-lit, sun-warmed areas. The plant does not like windy weather, but is not afraid of drafts.

However, for good tree growth, it is necessary to fertilize the soil well before planting and during growth. The soil needs to be drained. The plant is not sensitive to calcareous soils. The soil should not be dense, so if necessary, add a little sand to it.

Drainage in the ground is necessary due to the fact that the Chekalkin nut does not tolerate stagnant water in the ground, but also does not like drought, therefore it requires moderate watering according to the season.

plant care

Whimsical Chekalkin walnut cultivation and care, which has its own characteristics, requires the mandatory application of fertilizers to the soil at different stages of its growth. So during the growing season from April to September, the plant needs universal fertilizers with a high content of potassium and phosphorus. When planting, the ground also needs to be fertilized and a layer of drainage laid. Twice a season, you can fertilize the ground under the tree with a solution of humate with trace elements.

Before wintering, it is necessary to wrap the trunk of a young nut well and cover the soil above the root system by 20-30 cm with dry branches, foliage or spruce branches. An adult tree tolerates wintering well, so it can not be insulated.

In the second year, the plant forms a bush, so it needs sufficient watering and top dressing. To do this, in the spring, urea and chalk can be reported under the root circle. Watering a young tree is carried out once a week in the summer, but in the second half of the summer you can not water it, especially if the summer is rainy. With an excess of moisture, the plant can be affected by a coral fungus. This is the only disease that cannot be treated and the plant may die.

The nut bears fruit in the third year. Fruiting is plentiful. If the crop fails, care must be taken to ensure that the showered fruits are not eaten by mice and other garden rodents.

The plant does not like transplants, so such events are carried out extremely rarely and only by transshipment.

In order for the tree to have a well-groomed appearance and not suffer from excess growth, the crown is partially cut before wintering or early spring.

reproduction

There are two main ways to propagate the xanthoceras-chekalkin walnut - growing from seeds by root cuttings. Since the second method has a low survival rate, the seed method of cultivation is considered acceptable, which has its own characteristics:

1. The nuts collected in autumn are dried and stored in a canvas bag. Nuts should be kept in a ventilated, damp area. This makes it possible to keep them germinating for 2 years.
2. Seeds are sown in the spring, immediately determining the permanent location of the plant
3. Planting depth should not exceed 5 cm.
4. If the garden is inhabited by rodents, there is a chance that the seeds can be eaten by them, so the best way to grow the nut is to pre-plant the seeds in greenhouse conditions. When the sprouts sprout, they can be planted in the ground in the spring.
5. For greenhouse conditions, nuts are pre-soaked for a day, and then a part is carefully cut off from the peel in the place where the sprouts cut through. Seeds are treated with a growth stimulator, wrapped in a paper towel for 10-12 hours at a temperature of 20 degrees. The seed is then planted in a deep container with a moist potting mix. Do not water, cover with cellophane for 7 days. The soil is moistened so that it does not dry out every day. When shoots are cut through, the container is exposed to the sun, and then planted in open ground.
6. Since the germination rate of the sprouts is not high - up to 50%, they are covered for the winter.

Chekalkin nut is a beautiful plant that can rightfully lead among the representatives of the urban landscape, and its fruits can bring more nutrition and benefits to the diet.

No related news