What to order on iherb: D-Ribose, D-Mannose. Review

Ribose is a natural carbohydrate with many important physiological functions and influences metabolism and fiber synthesis. But its presence in our body is limited. Does this mean that ribose supplementation should lead to improved athletic performance?

Why is ribose so important?

Ribose is a component of riboflavin (vitamin B2), which in turn is part of two enzymes involved in aerobic energy metabolism. It is also used in the synthesis of certain nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy for muscle contraction. Our ability to endure high-intensity exercise depends on the amount of ATP in the muscles and its resynthesis during exercise. Finally, ribose helps assemble nucleic acids - deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and ribonucleic (RNA).

DNA stores the genetic information needed to specify the structure of proteins, while RNA stores the timing and sequence of cell and fiber synthesis. It also determines the structure of chromosomes and genes. RNA helps decipher the genetic information for protein synthesis. Our body can get ribose from normal diet or synthesize it from glucose. However, in ordinary food there are only traces of ribose, and its synthesis is only a secondary metabolic process in glucose metabolism. Therefore, there is quite little ribose in the body.

Ribose intake is recommended to increase ATP levels. As an experiment, it was used to treat patients with a deficiency in glucose synthesis and coronary heart disease. For example, Wagner et al (1) report that oral glucose (3 grams every 10 minutes) from one hour before exercise until final testing (i.e. 21-24 grams in total) increases ATP availability in patients deficient in the myodenylate enzyme. diaminase (its deficiency hinders the resynthesis of ATP during exercise).

Riml and colleagues (2) report that ribose supplementation - 60 grams daily for three days - delayed the onset of ischemia during exercise in people suffering from various coronary artery diseases. In addition, Gross et al (3) reported that ribose (two grams orally every five minutes during a 30-minute submaximal workout) was able to inhibit the normal release of hypoxanthine (an indicator of ATP breakdown). This suggests that ribose may have ergogenic properties and affect energy metabolism.

The use of ribose in sports

After such observations, ribose began to be recommended for use by athletes. It was hailed as the newest drug to replace creatine from the scene. Ribose is sold in both powder and liquid form, mixed with other nutrients (carbohydrates, creatine, glutamine) and separately. The recommended dosage is usually 1.5-3 grams of ribose before and/or after exercise. Some manufacturers recommend taking ribose during a creatine load (i.e. 1.5-3 grams of ribose with five grams of creatine four times a day for five days), and then moving on to maintenance doses once a day.

In one person, do not ask))
Sesame crackers from the package are insanely delicious, but I wouldn’t really count on whole hexagons, because. package.

And for human people there is a jar and a bottle.
This is d-ribose and natural pregnenolone. For energy, mind, sleep, hormones, heart, etc.
I will tell you more about them now.

D-RIBOSE

I need it for energy and heart support.
It is not only in this part, but this aspect of it is the most in demand, especially with chronic fatigue or playing sports.
To nourish the heart muscle, doctors prescribe it along with hawthorn and coenzyme Q10 .

What is she. This is a special sugar that is responsible for the synthesis of ATP (adenosyl triphosphate), this substance is the supplier and store of energy for most of the energy processes that occur in the cell, in the muscles, throughout the body, the ATP molecule is the most important energy.

From D-ribose in the body, an energy coenzyme is synthesized - which I have already talked about.

In 5 tablets, the maximum daily dose for non-athletes. Those who train can take more, in agreement with the doctor. One tablet may be enough to support energy or mental alertness. In any case, you need to choose the dosage for yourself. The annotation says - continuously, meaning that during the course, dose evenly and do not skip a dose.

And in powder form.
Jarrow Formulas, D-Ribose Powder
The same for dosage. Dilute in water or juice, with or without food.
It is not recommended to take it constantly, in arbitrary courses, but with interruptions.
It is recommended to try a little to start, rarely there is a reaction - a headache.

Note: because d-ribose is a sugar, its use in diabetes is questionable, but it is possible under the supervision of a doctor.
(Study)

PREGNENOLONE

Why do I need it on an autoimmune topic - I write at the end.

Sounds almost like prednisone. However, this about something else .
Little known to the Russian consumer, and very in vain. Subject to the dosage (5-25 mg), it has no side effects, it has a very high safety in terms of toxicity.
Pregnenolone is a PROhormone, i.e. it has no independent role in the body, but it is the mother of natural steroid hormones: including testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, DHEA..

Also, it is a strong nootropic, accelerates the brain, improves learning and memory. Stimulates the growth of neurons (research), slows down the aging of the brain, is used to prevent degenerative processes.

Improves hormonal balance. Relieves symptoms of PMS and eliminates hot flashes (or significantly reduces their intensity). Increases libido.

Promotes deep sleep, soothes, stabilizes and improves mood. Maybe even too sleepy. However, high doses (above 20 mg) may cause the opposite effect.

Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

The metabolic pathway of pregnenolone in the body depends on the need of the body, and not on the purpose that we prescribe it.
Those who use pregnenolone to increase testosterone synthesis should understand that it does not have to turn into testosterone if the body needs, for example, cortisol. Therefore, in order to direct the prohormone to the path of conversion to testosterone and DHEA, ursolic acid is needed (its source is holy basil)
There is some evidence that the use of this prohormone with Tribulus also increases the chances of pregnenolone to promote the synthesis of testosterone.

Lies.

Note:
Pregnenolone works much better if there is at least minimal physical activity, walking, climbing stairs, exercising.
I recommend it in the form of a cream, transdermally - it's always better when it comes to hormones.
Ignore the feedback about the face. there the English-language reviews are informative, but I didn’t even see any information about using it as a face cream. Apply as written in the annotation - on the inner surface of the thighs, chest - between the neck and mammary glands, the inner surface of the arms - from the palms to the folds, change in a circle the places where there is the least subcutaneous fat. Take a break for 5 days.

If anyone is looking for pregnenolone tablets, they are here.

Lesson topic

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment

Greetings. Mark absent. Check readiness for the lesson. Preparation for work.

Hello! In previous lessons, we studied monosaccharides - hexoses. But the world of monosaccharides is very diverse, and in addition to hexoses, pentoses are of great importance.

2. Creating motivation to study the topic

Today we are going to get to know:

The classification of pentosis,

physical properties,

Structural features of aldopentosis,

The biological role of pentoses in the human body.

3. Repetition of basic knowledge

Before moving on to the study of a new topic, we recall what we studied in previous classes.

Let's repeat the following concepts: monosaccharides, hexoses, aldohexoses, ketohexoses.

Students give definitions to concepts.

Monosaccharides are simple carbohydrates that do not undergo hydrolysis.

Hexoses are monosaccharides containing 6 carbon atoms.

Aldohexoses are hexoses containing an aldehyde functional group.

Ketohexoses are hexoses containing a functional group of ketones.

Now you need to answer the following questions:

Questions are being asked.

What substances are classified as carbohydrates?

Suggested answer: glucose, fructose, lactose, starch, cellulose, maltose, ribose.

What is the source of carbohydrates?

Suggested answer: Carbohydrate sources are plants whose leaves undergo photosynthesis under the action of solar energy.

What carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides?

What chemical class does glucose belong to?

Suggested answer: Glucose is an aldehyde alcohol.

List the processes of glucose fermentation known to you.

Suggested answer: alcohol, lactic acid, butyric fermentation.

What is the role of glucose in the life of living organisms?

Suggested answer: is a source of energy.

4. Learning new material

Monosaccharide molecules can contain from three to ten carbon atoms.

Guys, let's remember the classification of monosaccharides depending on the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

One student comes to the blackboard and writes down the classification of monosaccharides in the form of a diagram.

Questions are being asked.

Which monosaccharides from this classification have you already studied?

Suggested answer: hexoses.

What is the chemical composition of hexoses? Write a formula.

Suggested answer: C 6 H 12 O 6.

Give examples of hexoses that we studied.

Suggested answer: glucose, fructose.

Schema explanation.

Trioses include lactic and pyruvic acids, which are involved in the processes of fermentation and oxidation occurring in living organisms.
Tetroses primarily include erythrose, which is actively involved in metabolic processes occurring in the body, it is a mediator primarily in the processes of photosynthesis and straightens the annular shape of carbohydrate molecules.
Today we will study pentoses.

A question is being asked.

What is the chemical composition of pentoses? Write a formula.

Suggested answer: C 5 H 10 O 5.

The cells of animal and plant organisms are composed of pentoses - these are ribose and deoxyribose. They are part of nucleic acids: ribose is part of ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribose is part of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

So, formulate the topic of the lesson.

Students formulate the topic of the lesson.

Lesson topic: “Pentoses. Ribose and deoxyribose as representatives of aldopentoses.

All pentoses, depending on the presence of a keto or ald group, are divided into ketopentoses (ribulose, xylulose) and aldopentoses (ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose).

Write the diagram on the board.

Schema explanation.

An isomer of ribose - ribulose in the form of phosphoric ester is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates.

In plants, xylulose is also involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates in the form of phosphorus ester.

Aldopentoses are of the greatest interest.

Ribose plays a very important role in living organisms. It is part of RNA, nucleotides, vitamins, coenzymes. Its phosphoric esters are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates.

A question is being asked.

What functional groups are included in aldopentoses?

Suggested answer: groups of aldehydes and alcohols.

How to confirm the presence of functional groups in aldopentoses using qualitative reactions?

Suggested answer: silver mirror reaction (aldehyde group), reaction with freshly prepared copper (11) hydroxide (alcohol group).

To clarify the features of the properties and structure of ribose and deoxyribose, fill out the table using the reference outline that everyone has on their desks (Appendices A, B).

Explanation of the table.

Features of ribose and deoxyribose.

The composition of deoxyribose does not correspond to formula C n (H 2 O) m , which was considered the general formula of all carbohydrates.

Deoxyribose differs from ribose by the absence of one hydroxyl group (hydroxy group) in the molecule, which is replaced by a hydrogen atom. Hence the name of the substance (deoxyribose).

Structural formulas indicate exactly which carbon atom of deoxyribose does not have a hydroxyl group.

Like glucose, pentose molecules exist not only in the aldehyde form, but also in the cyclic form. The closure of the ring in them can be represented in a similar way. The only difference is that the carbonyl group interacts with the hydroxyl not of the fifth, but of the fourth carbon atom, and as a result of the rearrangement of atoms, not a six-membered, but a five-membered cycle is formed.

5. Consolidation of knowledge

Students take a test. Appendix A

Students exchange notebooks and compare their answers with the correct ones, which are written on the board. They rate each other.

Test answers.

1) B,

2) C, D,

3) A, D,

4) A,

5) A.

6. Summing up the lesson

In this lesson, you reviewed the topic “Pentoses. Ribose and deoxyribose as representatives of aldopentoses". In the course of the lesson, were you able to deepen your knowledge of carbohydrates, learned about the structural features of ribose and deoxyribose, as well as their biological role in the human body.

Evaluation of students' work. Grading.

7. Homework

Explanation of homework.

Prepare a report on the topic "The composition of nucleic acids RNA and DNA."

APPENDIX A

RIBOSE

Ribose is a monosaccharide from the pentose group; colorless crystals, easily soluble in water and having a sweet taste. Opened in 1905. Its formula is 5 H 10 O 5 .

Monosaccharides with five carbon atoms and five oxygen atoms do not occur in nature in a free form, but are important constituents of oligo- and polysaccharides contained, for example, in wood.

In the form of protein compounds, ribose is found in the skin and salivary glands of animals.

It is the basis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), as well as the main ingredient used by the body to create the ATP molecule.

Ribose is an essential part of vitamin B 2 and nucleotides.

Biological role

Ribose is part of ribonucleic acids (RNA), nucleosides, mono- and dinucleotides that carry information and energy in cells, as well as some coenzymes and bacterial polysaccharides.

Application

The additional use of ribose significantly helps to restore energy reserves in the heart muscle and skeletal muscles lost during exhausting training, during hard physical work, or in ischemic conditions when oxygen supply to the tissues is reduced. Such a strong effect of ribose is due to the fact that the tissues lack the enzymes necessary for its rapid synthesis when there is a need for it. Replenishment of energy reserves slows down when large amounts of ATP are consumed. As a result, the reserves of ATP and other compounds necessary for its replacement are reduced. All this explains why athletes feel tired for several days after an intense workout.

More recently, ribose has been marketed as a standalone sports supplement, which can be presented in powder or liquid form. Despite all the benefits of this substance, ribose is recommended to be taken in combination with other sports supplements, as it can significantly enhance their effect. The most successful combination with ribose is creatine.

APPENDIX B

DEOXYRIBOSE

Deoxyribose is a pentose monosaccharide containing one less hydroxyl group than ribose. It is a colorless crystalline substance, highly soluble in water. The chemical formula was discovered in 1929 by Phoebus Lieven. Its formula is 5 H 10 O 4 .

In the free form, pentoses are not found in food products and enter the human body as part of nucleoproteins, which are rich in meat and fish products.

It is part of the carbohydrate-phosphate skeleton of DNA molecules (deoxyribonucleic acids).

Biological role

Deoxyribose is used to synthesize nucleic acids. It is an integral component of nucleotide coenzymes that play an important role in the metabolism of living beings. Participate in the synthesis of proteins and the transmission of hereditary traits.

Application

May be used as a food additive. There is as yet no practical guidance in the scientific literature on the use of this supplement - that is, how to use it, in what amounts, at what time, and what results should be expected.

APPENDIX B

Topic quiz

"Pentoses. Ribose and deoxyribose as representatives of aldopentoses.

1) A monosaccharide is:

2) Which of the compounds is ketose?

5) How many hydroxyl groups are in deoxyribose?

Evaluation criteria.

True 5 tasks - score "5";

True 4 tasks - score "4";

True 3 tasks - score "3";

True 2 tasks - score "2".

D-ribose is a five-carbon monosaccharide. A very simple and effective means of maintaining the overall level of "energy".

In the notes about I mentioned, 3 principal ways of consumption of glucose (more precisely, glucose-6-phosphate):

Glycolysis (synthesis of pyruvate with release of ATP andNADH):

Synthesis of various amino acids and proteins;

Synthesis of acetyl coenzyme A:

Oxidation of acetyl CoA in the Krebs cycle;

Synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA for energy storage;

Synthesis glycogen in the liver and muscles;

Pentose Phosphate Pathway:

Synthesis of 5-carbon sugars;

SynthesisNADPH;

D-ribose, role in the cell

D-ribose and Deoxy-D-ribose are structural components of RNA and DNA nucleodites, respectively.

Note for enthusiasts . As an interesting version of "brain stretching" on the basis of ribose:

• Why is deoxyribose in DNA, but in RNA
• Why exactlyD-ribose is an integral part of nucleodites (and notC6 glucose/fructose/galactose and notC4 erythrosis, for example)?
• What does the presence of ribose in nucleotides tell us about the evolutionary past of the genetic apparatus?

Fortunately or unfortunately, these issues within the framework of this note do not require focus.

One important nucleic acid of which D-ribose is a part is ATP, adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the whole organism.

It is also important to mention NADPH, a powerful cellular restorer. Dehydrogenases, enzymes that catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions, use NADPH as a coenzyme for reduction reactions. The enzyme oxidizes NADPH to reduce any desired molecule.

Recovery of NADPH occurs through the pentose phosphate pathway and using 5-carbon monosaccharides.

D-ribose and ATP synthesis

With exogenous ribose, we immediately get the structural component of the pentose phosphate pathway.

ATP recovery depends on the amount of phosphoribosyl-pyrofostaph (PRPP in the picture above) and D-ribose directly contributes to the recovery of PRPP and ATP levels.

The data suggests that D-ribose contributed to the accelerated recovery of ATP levels with reversible myocardial ischemia.

The whole article about ribose and cardiovascular diseases is built on the logic: ischemia (lack of blood supply and, as a result, cell nutrition) of the myocardium - a reduced amount of ATP, which helps to restore

Other uses of ribose

D-ribose was unable to add anything to the athletic performance of healthy and/or trained individuals. The problem is that our athletic achievements are physiologically limited by the body's ability to deliver oxygen and the ability of cells to utilize it. This is the work of the cardiovascular system, mitochondria, and for elite athletes, the possibility of the lungs can already become a “bottleneck”. It is not very clear how the 5-carbon bases were supposed to improve training results. It seems to me that the confusion between ATP recovery and sports physiology in general.

But D-ribose has shown good results in people with chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia.

D-ribose. Application safety

The molecule has high absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (88-100%). There is no need to worry about bioavailability.

Orally, side effects (from the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, loose stools, etc.) were with an increase in dosage of 200 mg per 1 kg of weight (the usual dosage is only 2 grams).

Intravenously, there were no side effects even at a dosage of 222 mg per 1 kg of body weight.

Possible side effects:

• Noticeable stimulation with difficulty falling asleep (I don't have this problem when taking even at 21-22);
• Mild temporary hypoglycemia some time after taking (did not feel, but when taken with dextrose, this problem was eliminated);
• Let's leave the possibility of gastrointestinal distress for the most sensitive

In one study, ribose raised glycated hemoglobin levels 3 times higher than glucose. But this is an in vitro (tube) study. The monosaccharides in the test tube had no opportunity to be absorbed otherwise.

D-ribose. Personal experience

D-ribose has a clear tonic effect for me. There is no effect on training results. But the feeling of a surge of strength helps, of course, to tune in to training.

For me, paired with Ezhovik (Lion’s Mane) at the moment is the standard combination when I want to mentally and physically cheer up before an important task. Not physical, rather intellectual.

Jarrow Formulas, D-Ribose Powder, 200 g - I use the powder from Jarrow (no code in the link, not affiliated); this manufacturer is on the cGMP lists (independent control of all stages of production) by the FDA. You can be sure of the content.

D-ribose. findings

• D-ribose is a 5-carbon monosaccharide that we synthesize from glucose through the pentose-phostat pathway;
• D-ribose allows:
  • (with some degree of speculation) maintain the integrity of DNA/RNA, as it is a structural component of nucleic acids;
  • The presence of ribose can be a rate-limiting step in ATP recovery, D-ribose accelerates ATP recovery, which can help tissues with ischemia; cardiology, neurology;
  • Restore NADPH, which is “wasted” by dehydrogenases during reduction reactions;
• From a practical point of view:
  • Explicit tonic effect;
  • High bioavailability, in recommended dosages almost complete absence of adverse events;
  • It will not affect sports results, but for everyday life it will give an additional influx of strength.

Ribose is a simple sugar, a natural substance synthesized in the body. Ribose is a component of nucleic acids containing genetic information that regulates the growth, development, division and proper functioning of cells. Ribose is one of the effective and safe components needed to maintain a high level of energy and good physical shape.

D-ribose is a dietary supplement of exceptional quality, which has found wide application in sports and not only, the properties of ribose make it possible to use it in order to prevent health for every person.

Properties and characteristics of ribose

• is a natural component of every living cell in our body
• is a necessary condition in the process of energy production at the cellular level
• is a prerequisite for the synthesis of ATP in muscle cells
• accelerates the growth of strength, endurance and speed
• reduces the recovery time of energy reserves after hard workouts
• promotes muscle gain without excess fat
• beneficial effect on the psychophysical state and health of the whole organism
• helps in the prevention of many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases
• increases the effectiveness of creatine
• is an antioxidant that fights free radicals

The main task of ribose in the body is its participation in the synthesis of ATP, an energy nucleotide responsible for the contraction of muscle fibers and controlling protein synthesis. For the existence of our entire body, the constant renewal of ATP and its preservation at the highest level is a vital condition.

With heavy physical exertion, as well as with cardiovascular diseases, there is often a deficiency in the body of D-ribose, which leads to a deterioration in physical well-being, a decrease in energy and vitality. In athletes, ribose deficiency is manifested by a reluctance to train at the most effective level, a feeling of fatigue and a lack of muscle mass growth. In these cases, it is recommended to take D-ribose as a supplement immediately before or after an intense workout, and between workouts.

Ribose and creatine

The combined use of D-ribose with creatine gives the best results regarding the absorption and distribution of creatine in the body. Ribose promotes intestinal absorption of creatine and its transport directly to muscle cells, resulting in a higher concentration of creatine phosphate in myocytes. Due to this, muscle cells receive more pure ATP, which is necessary for their contractions, than when taking creatine alone. Studies have confirmed that ribose increases the effectiveness of creatine by 6 times.