Dremlik broad-leaved wild plants. Dremlik wintering, or broad-leaved (Epipactis helleborine)
There are about 70 species of dremlik, which are found in the temperate and subtropical zones of America, Asia and Europe. Dremlik is named so because of the drooping, as if "dormant" flowers. The genus includes perennial herbaceous rhizomatous plants with an inflorescence in the form of a straight brush, consisting of rather large greenish, purple, less often whitish-yellowish drooping flowers. The flower consists of 6 free petals arranged in two circles. Lip without spur. It is divided in the middle by a deep notch into 2 lobes - cup-shaped-concave, secreting nectar, and almost flat, bent down.
Dark red dremel (Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm. ex Bernh.) Schult.)
Description of appearance:
flowers: Raceme 7-20 cm long, with densely pubescent axis. Flowers are dark purple. All tepals (except lips) converging, outer finely pubescent; the posterior lobe of the lip is oval, with a wide anterior entrance, the anterior cordate or fascicular, bluntly serrated along the margin.
Leaves: The stem bears 5-9 oval-lanceolate pointed leaves.
Height: 25-60 cm.
Stem: In the upper half fluffy, purple colored.
underground part: With a shortened rhizome.
Flowering in July, fruiting in August.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Dark red dreamflower grows on forest slopes, more often on calcareous soil and on moistened sandy deposits along river valleys.
Prevalence: Distributed almost everywhere in Europe, the Caucasus and Asia Minor. In Russia - in the European part and in Western Siberia. In Central Russia, it occurs mainly in the southern and western regions.
Addition: Propagated vegetatively, forming small patches, and seeds.
broad-leaved dremlik (Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz)
Description of appearance:
flowers: Raceme 10-40 cm long, many-flowered. The outer tepals are greenish, the inner ones are pale green, pinkish in the lower half. The back of the lip is rounded, hemispherical-sac-shaped, arched, red-dark brown, greenish outside; the anterior part of the lip is broadly cordate-ovate, greenish-pale violet, slightly pointed.
Leaves: Leaves 4-10 in number, oval or elliptical lanceolate, glabrous.
Height: 35-100 cm.
Stem: Scattered pubescent above.
underground part: With a shortened rhizome.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in June-July; fruiting in July-August.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Dremlik broad-leaved grows in shady deciduous and mixed forests and damp meadows, preferring places with open vegetation.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, China and Japan. In Russia, it is found almost everywhere in the European part (except for the southeast) and in Siberia.
Addition: Propagated by seeds.
Marsh Dreamcatcher (Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz)
Description of appearance:
flowers: The flowers are collected in a fairly rare raceme 6-15 (up to 20) cm long. The outer tepals are greenish, on the inside with indistinct dirty purple spots, the inner ones are whitish with indistinct purple-pink stripes in the lower half. The back of the lip is slightly concave, pinkish-white on the outside, inside with pink-violet veins and orange warts, the front is broadly oval, white, with a wavy rounded serrated edge and pink veins; the posterior and anterior lips are separated by a narrow bridge.
Leaves: Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, up to 15 cm long.
Height: 20-50(70) cm.
Stem: Slightly pubescent in the upper half.
underground part: With creeping rhizome.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in July-August; bears fruit in August-September.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Dremlik marsh grows in wet swampy meadows and edges of swampy forests.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Central Asia, Iran. In Russia, almost throughout the European part, including in all Central Russian regions (more often in the northern ones), and in Siberia. Rare.
Addition: Propagated by seeds and vegetatively.
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz [J. latifolia (L.) All.; Serapias helleborine L.]
Family Orchids, Orchids - Orchidaceae
Status in adjacent regions. It is included in the Red Books of the Tambov (category 2), Kursk (3), Saratov (3), Volgograd (3), Rostov (1) regions.
International status. Listed in Appendix II to CITES.
Spreading.
Eurasian edge-forest species. Occurs in the forest zone Zap. and Vost. Europe, the Caucasus, Siberia, Central Asia, Iran, Japan, China, Asia Minor. In the middle zone of European Russia, it is known in all areas. In the Voronezh region - near the southern border of the range: Verkhnekhavsky, Novokhopersky, Povorinsky, as well as Olkhovatsky, Khokholsky, Ostrogozhsky, Podgorensky districts.
Description.
Perennial herbaceous plant with a short thick rhizome. Stem 30-60 (80) cm tall, slightly pubescent at the top. Leaves up to 9 cm long, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, 4-10 in number. Inflorescence - apical, often one-sided, many-flowered raceme with drooping flowers.
The flowers are large, up to 3 cm long, greenish-purple, sometimes with a faint honey smell, sitting on twisted pedicels. All tepals are splayed. The anterior ovoid lobe of the lip, like that of the dark red dreamleaf, is bent down, painted in a greenish-light-violet (purple-pink) color; posterior lobe inside - red-brown; the jumper between the lobes is wide. There is no spur. The ovary is slightly pubescent. The fruit is a box.
Features of biology and ecology.
Blooms from late June to mid-August. Pollinated by insects - wasps, bumblebees, hoverflies; Possibly (rarely) self-pollination. Propagated mainly by seeds. From 3 to 9 fruits are formed on one plant, up to 4.5 thousand seeds in each box, germination is up to 80%, however, the first stages of development of a young plant proceed very slowly, the dream flower blooms only on the 10-11th year of life.
Germination requires symbiosis with fungi. Vegetative propagation is also possible. Prefers deciduous forests: aspen forests, oak forests, sometimes subori. Within the range, it can also be found in glades, forest edges, on soils rich in humus, sometimes even in cities along highways and railway embankments.
Number and tendencies of its change.
The species is considered the most widespread of the genus. In the Voronezh region number in the middle of the 20th century. was rated as “common” , and in the VGPBZ - “quite common”. At present, the species is “frequent” in the VGPBZ, i.e., the viability of the populations is still preserved. On the territory of KhGPZ, according to the 80s. and modern observations by E. V. Pechenyuk, the species is quite rare.
limiting factors.
Low recovery rates. The small number and isolation of the population outside the main area. Reduction of forest areas suitable for the existence of the species, as a result of natural successions and the action of anthropogenic factors.
Security measures taken.
It is protected in the territories of VGPBZ and KhGPZ.
Assessment of the current state of known populations of the species, search for new locations and organization of protection of identified populations.
Information about the preservation of the species in culture. It is advisable to preserve the local population of the species in culture in the Botanical Garden of VSU.
Information sources: 1. Averyanov, 2000; 2. Kamyshev, 1978; 3. Rare and endangered species... 1996; 4. Golitsyn, 1961; 5. Starodubtseva, 1999; 6. Tsvelev, 19886; 7. Orchids... 1991; 8. Cadastre... 2001. VOR Herbarium data: 1. R. Perikova (1958); 2. Kozyrkova (1959); 3. Kovaleva (1954); 4. V. A. Agafonov (2005). Compiled by: G. I. Barabash; photo: M. V. Ushakov.
Kira Stoletova
The varieties included in the genus Dremlik exceed 250 representatives, which grow mainly in temperate latitudes - in the Eurasian, African and North American territories. The Russian flora has about 10 main species, among which the marsh napkin is the most common.
Botanical characteristic
Dremlik flower belongs to perennial herbaceous plants belonging to the orchid family.
The foliage is numerous, green in color, has an oval or lanceolate shape. Inflorescences are attached to the stem on twisted pedicels. The flowers are collected in racemose inflorescences. They have different colors depending on the species.
The name of the plant was due to the unique appearance. During the flowering period, the lower inflorescences are the first to bloom, and in the upper part of the slumber there are many “dormant” buds lowered down.
Among the main types:
- marsh,
- giant,
- small-leaved,
- purple,
- rusty,
- roil flower,
- papillary,
- thunberg flower,
- hellebore,
- broad-leaved.
The habitat is woodlands and mountain forest slopes. Most varieties are winter hardy.
Bolotny
Dremlik marsh is one of the most commonly used plants for decorative purposes. The habitat is swampy forests, meadows and glades. Often found on limestone near water springs. Prefers good light, withstanding excess and stagnant moisture.
On the territory of Russia, the marsh dremlik is found in the Siberian, Central Asian, Transcaucasian regions and in the Crimea.
Height - up to 0.7 m. The foliage is oblong in shape, length - up to 25 cm. Inflorescences are formed by flowers of 6-20 pieces. The outer layer of the leaves is greenish with purple stripes, the inner layer is white with pink stripes.
In the description of the swamp dremlik, there is information about its narcotic properties, which is explained by the presence of yeast fungi in it.
The flowering period is June-August. Dremlik marsh is widely used in ornamental garden plantings in plant groups, on the banks and shallow waters.
Giant
The giant species grows near streams in mountainous areas. It grows in height by 0.3m-1.2m. The stem is strong. The foliage is numerous and plentiful. Inflorescences are formed by 3-15 flowers, in which the outer petals are light yellow, the inner ones are orange-purple. Flower petals up to 25 cm long. The flowering period is the first half of the summer season. Has found its application in Dutch gardening.
small-leaved
One of the rare varieties. It grows in the shade of beech forests, in the middle of shrub plantings, in clearings. Stem height - from 17cm to 40cm. Inflorescences are formed by a one-sided brush of 4-15 flowers about 0.7 cm long, with a light aroma of cloves. The outer petals are oval, reddish in color, the inner petals are white-green. In Russia, it is found in the Crimea and the Caucasus.
The flowering period is in July. Actively begins to bloom when creating good lighting, in particular as a result of deforestation.
Purple
Places of growth - forests and forest-steppes, including shaded hornbeam, oak forests. In most cases, it occurs singly, 3-8 representatives each, which is explained by a weak breeding process.
The purple representative is dependent on symbiotic fungi, from which it consumes a significant part of its nutrition.
The foliage is oblong or lanceolate, with a red tint on the inside. The stem is purple. The inflorescences are formed by long brushes of yellow and green flowers of large sizes - up to 1.4 cm in length. Due to the reduced chlorophyll content, the surface of the leaf blades is often significantly reduced. There are representatives that have a completely pink-lilac color.
Rusty
The rusty, or dark red, species is found among deciduous and coniferous trees, in scrub areas, on rocky slopes and sea dunes. Prefers limestone soils. The flowering period falls in August.
On Russian territory, it grows in the European part, the Siberian and Caucasian regions.
Height - up to 0.6 m. The stem is green or purple-lilac. The foliage is rigid, oval, tapering at the ends, length - from 4 cm to 8 cm, dark green on the outside, bluish-violet on the inside. The length of the inflorescences is up to 0.2 m, they are formed by one-sided brushes of dark purple flowers with a vanilla aroma. Included in the Red Book.
Dremlik Royla
The Royle flower grows among broad-leaved forests, in willow and birch forests, reeds, in damp marshy areas, near streams, on rocky slopes.
It is found in Central Asia and the Russian Altai.
It grows in height from 0.3 to 0.9 m. The foliage is abundant, large, up to 12-18 cm long and 3-7 cm wide. Inflorescences are formed by rare few-flowered racemes of brown-green outer and pinkish inner ones.
papillary
The papillary species prefers shaded coniferous, mixed and broad-leaved forests.
Stem up to 0.75m tall. The foliage is abundant, elliptical in shape, tapering at the ends, 7-12 cm long, 2-4 cm wide. The stem, leaves and bracts are covered with small white papillae.
It grows in Russian Primorye and Amur Region, in Kamchatka and Sakhalin.
8-11 flowers with green outer petals and pink inner petals form a rare inflorescence. The flowering period is July-August.
thunberg flower
The second most popular decorative flower of Thunberg is found in meadow areas with high humidity.
The furrowed stem is high, up to 0.9 m tall. Leaves are lanceolate-ovate, pointed at the ends, up to 16 cm long. inflorescences are formed by rare flowers, 2-10 pieces 3.3 cm long. The outer layer of the flowers is brown-green, the inner layer is yellow with a purple midrib.
In Russia, it grows in the Far East.
It is more common in small groups, but in some cases it is possible to observe large clusters. The flowering period falls in July.
Hellebore
The hellebore variety grows near the mountainous Caucasian rivers. Height reaches 1.0m. The foliage is large, up to 20 cm long and up to 4 cm wide. The inflorescence is straight and one-sided, formed by 6-20 green-purple flowers.
The flowering period is the first half-mid-summer.
Cuckoo's tears
Conclusion
The herbaceous plant Dremlik has many species in its family. Some of them are found on the territory of Russia. Used for decorative purposes.
Synonyms: Dremlik zimovnikovy, Dremlik hellebore
Folk names: forest hellebore, forest kupena, icicle, shumira, hawthorn.
Family Orchidaceae - Orchids
Genus Epipactis - Dremlik
The most widespread species of this genus.
Perennial plant 35-70 cm high with a thick short rhizome.
The stem is light green, rather thick.
The leaves are alternate, stalked, oval, slightly pointed, with distinct longitudinal veins (1).
The flowers are numerous, medium-sized (up to 3 cm long), with a faint honey smell, collected in a straight one-sided brush (2). Corolla irregular shape, characteristic of all orchids. The outer tepals are purple-pink, the rest are greenish. The lip without a spur is divided into 2 lobes. They are rough and fluffy to the touch and have distinct longitudinal veins.
Blooms in July.
This is the most common of the three types of dremlik found in Russia. The distribution area is the European part of Russia and Siberia (up to Baikal).
Grows in deciduous and mixed forests, infrequently, singly or in small groups. In many densely populated areas, it is under the protection of the regional Red Books.
Application. Medicinal.
Therapeutic action: wound healing, 
antiseptic.
Indications for medical use: diseases of the musculoskeletal system, metabolic diseases
Dremlik broad-leaved. Teberdinsky Reserve. In broad-leaved, spruce-fir and mixed forests. 1300-1600 m above sea level. Occasionally, single copies. On the left bank of the river Teberda, from the mouth of M. Khatipara to the mouth of M. Khutov.
In our divine nature, beauty and a fairy tale are always nearby. Some plants want to be touched carefully and gently, because they are so fragile. So, the swamp dream is listed in the Red Book. And not in vain. This is a plant that grows in a swamp, which is why the name is appropriate. Every year the wild species of this plant is declining more and more, but they learned to cultivate it and use it to decorate rocky hills.
In another way, it is also called the northern orchid, because it is a small copy of a room beauty, it only lives in the wild. I would like to get to know this herbaceous plant of the Orchid family - the swamp napkin.
The legend of the northern orchid
There is one very beautiful legend about the swamp dream. It tells about one handsome and stately hunter. All the girls fell in love with him, but he was inaccessible. Once in the forest he met one amazing beauty in a dress made of thin blades of grass and petals. On her head was a wreath of pine branches. They fell in love with the hunter in each other.
Often the young man began to go into the forest, returning without prey. This oddity became noticeable even to the villagers. Once one of the village girls followed the hunter and saw him with a forest beauty. The angry girl decided to outwit the guy, she took a sleeping potion from the healer and gave it to the hunter to drink. He fell asleep so soundly that he could not go to meet his beloved, who was waiting for him in the thicket of the forest.
The forest beauty found him sleeping near a tree, began to wake him up, but he only slept soundly, protruding his lower lip. The beauty was the mistress of the forest and possessed great charms. Offended by her lover, she decided to turn him into a flower. The shape of the flower resembled an open pharynx. But the forest mistress did not leave her beloved hunter. Often she turned into a golden bee, flew to a flower and drank fragrant nectar from his lips. Isn't it beautiful!
Description of the broadleaf plant
This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus and named Serapias Longifolia. But soon this name was recognized as illegal, and Philip Miller gave the definition of Serapias palustris.
What does this grass that grows in a swamp look like? These are herbaceous bushes 30-70 cm high. They are distinguished by a long, stolon-shaped, branched, creeping rhizome with adventitious roots.
The upper part of the stem is slightly pubescent, has a light green or pinkish tint. The arrangement of the leaves is alternate. They have an oblong-lanceolate, pointed shape up to 20 cm long. At the top, the leaves are already small, similar to bracts.
flower shape
It is important to note that young plants do not bloom, flowers appear only after eleven years of life. The inflorescence has the shape of a brush. Each of them contains from six to 20 flowers with bracts. Anyone who is familiar with orchids will immediately imagine the shape of this flower. It has a protruding oblong lip without a spur.
The petals are folded-wrinkled, divided into two parts. They are white with purple veins. But there is also a dark red swamp dream, the description of which you will see below. The flowers have six petals of different shapes and brightness with elegant frills and specks. The heads of flowers lowered down seem to doze in anticipation of the moment of pollination.
Pollination methods
The flowers have a straight drooping ovary. The nectar of the marsh dream has an intoxicating property. It attracts insects for pollination. Small creatures are the main means and method of pollination. Bumblebees, wasps, ants often sit on the plant. But sometimes self-pollination occurs. The flowering period is June-July. Seeds ripen in September, have a dusty form. The plant can be propagated by seeds or root division. In one ripe box there can be about 3000 dust particles.
There are two main types of dremlik: wintering and dark red. We have described to you the flowers of the wintering species.
Growth area
Where does the swamp wrecker live? He loves the outskirts of swamps, forest glades, groundwater outlets, thawed patches, limestones, swampy forests, damp meadows. Sometimes it can be found even in ditches and along the sides of highways and railways. Prefers neutral and alkaline soils. Its habitat is Western Europe, Scandinavia, Iran, the Himalayas, the Mediterranean of Asia Minor. It is also found in the latitudes of North America, Africa, Eurasia. In Russia, it grows in the Caucasus, in Western and Eastern Siberia. It can also be found in the Crimea. The plant is very fond of light, rarely found in shading.
Dark red dremel
The deep purple dremlik is a beautiful miniature orchid. These flowers grow near the banks of the Ural river Vagran. A small reserve has been formed here. People come here in July to admire the dark red bouquets. Long roots allow the plant to gain a foothold even on the stones of rocky cliffs.
Dark red dremlik also grows in the Sverdlovsk region, sometimes found in the Tyumen, Chelyabinsk regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Ulyanovsk region. It also grows in Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic states. In July, the dark red dremlik has a sweetish vanilla scent that attracts bees, wasps, bumblebees, and nectar-hungry beetles. Thanks to them, the wild orchid is pollinated and then reproduces with ripened seeds.
Application in landscape design, maintenance
Many gardeners and landscapers use the wild orchid as a decorative ornament. When planting it, flower growers use fortified slightly acidic water. The plant requires regular watering, cleaning from weeds, prevention from pests, such as aphids. After the end of fruiting, vegetative propagation is carried out. The seed will germinate when a microscopic fungus falls on it. After that, the seedling rests in the soil for two years and is fed by plant cells. Only after that it begins to germinate above the ground.
Often a dream is planted by dividing the root. To do this, part of the root system is separated and planted in open dark areas. For the winter, the bushes are covered with leaves, covered with earth so that the root system does not freeze. The attractiveness of the marsh dream lies in the pubescent stem part, bright inflorescences with long bracts. Having a sophisticated beauty, the plant is a fragile element of the ecosystem.
In addition to decorative purposes, people use marsh wreath as a medicinal plant. Swamp orchid is used to stimulate sexual impotence. Once a decoction of a wild orchid was prepared from a plant. A decoction of a wild orchid tones up the central nervous system, strengthens the body, prevents cancer, and relieves toothache. Unfortunately, the northern orchid is listed in the Red Book. Especially the disappearance of this species is associated with land reclamation. People should cherish and protect the marsh napkin, because it is a rather rare plant!