Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Exam

Basics general education

Line UMK A.V. Peryshkin. Physics (7-9)

Preparing for the OGE in physics: task No. 23

When preparing for the OGE, experimental task No. 23 raises the most questions. It is the most difficult, so it takes the most time - 30 minutes. And for its successful completion you can get the most points - 4. This task begins the second part of the work. If we look into the codifier, we will see that the controlled elements of content here are mechanical and electromagnetism phenomena. Students must demonstrate ability to work with physical instruments and measuring instruments.

There are 8 standard sets of equipment that may be needed for the exam. Which ones will be used becomes known a few days before the exam, so it is advisable to conduct additional training before the exam with those tools that will be used; Be sure to repeat how to take readings from instruments. If the exam is being held on the premises of another school, the teacher can travel there in advance to view the kits ready for use. A teacher preparing instruments for an exam should pay attention to their serviceability, especially those subject to wear. For example, using an old battery may result in the student simply not being able to set the required current.

It is necessary to check whether the devices match the specified values. If they do not match, then in special forms indicate true values, and not those recorded in official sets.

The teacher responsible for conducting the exam may be assisted by a technical specialist. He also monitors compliance with safety regulations during the exam and can intervene in the progress of the task. Students should be reminded that if they notice any malfunction of any equipment while performing a task, they should report it immediately.

There are three types of experimental tasks found in the physics exam.

Type 1. “Indirect measurements of physical quantities.” Includes 12 topics:

• Density of matter
• Archimedes' force
• Sliding friction coefficient
• Spring stiffness
• Period and frequency of oscillations of a mathematical pendulum
• Moment of force acting on the lever
• Work elastic force when lifting a load using a movable or stationary block
• Work of friction force
• Optical power of the collecting lens
• Electrical resistance of the resistor
• Job electric current
• Electric current power.

Type 2. “Presenting experimental results in the form of tables or graphs and formulating a conclusion based on the experimental data obtained.” Includes 5 topics:

• Dependence of the elastic force arising in the spring on the degree of deformation of the spring
• Dependence of the oscillation period of a mathematical pendulum on the length of the thread
• Dependence of the current strength arising in the conductor on the voltage at the ends of the conductor
• Dependence of sliding friction force on force normal pressure
• Properties of an image obtained using a converging lens

Type 3. “Experimental verification of physical laws and consequences.” Includes 2 topics:

• Law of series connection of resistors for electrical voltage
• The law of parallel connection of resistors for electric current

Preparing for the OGE in physics: tips for students

• It is important to very accurately write down everything that the rules require on the answer form. When checking your work, it is worth looking again to see if anything is missing: a schematic drawing, a formula for calculating the required value, the results of direct measurements, calculations, the numerical value of the desired value, conclusion, etc., depending on the conditions. The absence of at least one indicator will result in a decrease in score.
• For additional measurements entered into the form, the score is not reduced.
• Drawings must be done very carefully; sloppy diagrams will also take away points. It is important to learn to control the indication of all units of measurement
• When writing down the answer, the student should not indicate the error, but it is worth conveying to him the information that the examiner has criteria and the correct answer already contains the boundaries of the interval within which the correct result may be.

Preparation for the exam in general and for the experimental task in particular cannot be spontaneous. Without constantly developing skills in working with laboratory equipment, it is almost impossible to complete tasks. Therefore, teachers are recommended to familiarize themselves with demo versions of the exam paper and analyze typical problems during laboratory tests.

Physics. New complete guide to prepare for the OGE. Purysheva N.S.

2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: 2016 - 288 p.

This reference book contains all the theoretical material on the physics course necessary to pass the main state exam in 9th grade. It includes all elements of content, verified by test materials, and helps to generalize and systematize the knowledge and skills of the basic school course. Theoretical material is presented in a concise, accessible form. Each section is accompanied by examples of test tasks. Practical tasks correspond to the OGE format. Answers to the tests are provided at the end of the manual. The manual is addressed to schoolchildren and teachers.

Format: pdf

Size: 6.9 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

CONTENT
Preface 5
MECHANICAL PHENOMENA
Mechanical movement. Trajectory. Path.
Move 7
Uniform rectilinear movement 15
Speed. Acceleration. Uniformly accelerated linear motion 21
Free Fall 31
Uniform movement of a body in a circle 36
Weight. Substance density 40
Strength. Addition of forces 44
Newton's Laws 49
Friction force 55
Elastic force. Body weight 60
The law of universal gravitation. Gravity 66
Body impulse. Law of conservation of momentum 71
Mechanical work. Power 76
Potential and kinetic energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy 82
Simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms 88
Pressure. Atmospheric pressure. Pascal's law. Archimedes' Law 94
Mechanical vibrations and waves 105
THERMAL PHENOMENA
Structure of matter. Models of the structure of gas, liquid and solid 116
Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Relationship between the temperature of a substance and the speed of chaotic movement of particles. Brownian motion. Diffusion.
Thermal equilibrium 125
Internal energy. Work and heat transfer as ways to change internal energy 133
Types of heat transfer: thermal conductivity, convection, radiation 138
Amount of heat. Specific heat 146
Law of conservation of energy in thermal processes.
Energy conversion in heat engines 153
Evaporation and condensation. Boiling liquid 161
Melting and crystallization 169
ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA
Electrification of bodies. Two types of electric charges. Interaction of electric charges. Law of conservation of electric charge 176
Electric field. The effect of an electric field on electric charges. Conductors and dielectrics 182
Constant electric current. Current strength. Voltage. Electrical resistance. Ohm's law for a site
electrical circuit 188
Series and parallel connections of conductors 200
Work and power of electric current. Joule-Lenz Law 206
Oersted's experience. Magnetic field of current. Interaction of magnets. Action magnetic field per conductor with current 210
Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments.
Electromagnetic oscillations and waves 220
Law of rectilinear propagation of light. Law
reflections of light. Flat mirror. Refraction of light 229
Dispersion of light Lens. Focal length lenses.
Eye like optical system. Optical instruments 234
QUANTUM PHENOMENA
Radioactivity. Alpha, beta, gamma radiation.
Rutherford's experiments. Planetary model of the atom 241
Composition of the atomic nucleus. Nuclear reactions 246
References 252
Example of instrumentation option OGE materials(GIA) 255
Replies 268

The reference book contains all the theoretical material for the basic school physics course and is intended to prepare 9th grade students for the main state exam (OGE).
The content of the main sections of the reference book - “Mechanical Phenomena”, “Thermal Phenomena”, “Electromagnetic Phenomena”, “Quantum Phenomena” - corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements on the subject, on the basis of which the control and measuring materials (CMMs) of the OGE are compiled.
The theoretical material is presented in a concise and accessible form. Clarity of presentation and visibility educational material will allow you to effectively prepare for the exam.
The practical part of the guide includes samples test tasks, which both in form and content fully correspond to the real options offered at the main state exam in physics.

This page contains demo versions of the OGE in physics for grade 9 for 2009 - 2019.

Demo versions of the OGE in physics contain two types of tasks: tasks where you need to give a short answer, and tasks where you need to give a detailed answer.

To all tasks of all demonstration versions of the OGE in physics Answers are provided, and long-response items have detailed solutions and grading instructions.

To complete some tasks, you need to assemble an experimental setup based on standard kits for front-line work in physics. We also post a list of necessary laboratory equipment.

IN demo version of the 2019 OGE in physics compared to the 2018 demo version no changes.

Demo versions of the OGE in physics

Note that demo versions of the OGE in physics are presented in pdf format, and to view them you must have, for example, the free Adobe Reader software package installed on your computer.

Scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the examination work
to a mark on a five-point scale

• scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the 2018 examination paper into a mark on a five-point scale;
• scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the 2017 examination paper into a mark on a five-point scale;
• scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the 2016 examination paper into a mark on a five-point scale.
• scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the 2015 examination paper into a mark on a five-point scale.
• scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the 2014 examination paper into a mark on a five-point scale.
• scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the 2013 examination paper into a mark on a five-point scale.

Changes in physics demos

Demonstration versions of the OGE in physics 2009 - 2014 consisted of 3 parts: tasks with a choice of answers, tasks with a short answer, tasks with a detailed answer.

In 2013 in demo version of the OGE in physics the following were introduced changes:

• was Added task 8 with multiple choice- for thermal effects,
• was added task 23 with short answer– to understand and analyze experimental data presented in the form of a table, graph or figure (diagram),
• was the number of tasks with a detailed answer has been increased to five: to the four tasks with a detailed answer of part 3, task 19 of part 1 was added - on the application of information from the text of physical content.

In 2014 demo version of the OGE in physics 2014 in relation to the previous year in structure and content hasn't changed, however, there were criteria changed grading tasks with a detailed answer.

In 2015 there was variant structure changed:

• The option became consist of two parts.
• Numbering tasks became through throughout the entire version without the letter designations A, B, C.
• The form for recording the answer in tasks with a choice of answers has been changed: the answer now needs to be written down number with the number of the correct answer(not circled).

In 2016 in demo version of the OGE in physics happened significant changes:

• Total number of jobs reduced to 26.
• Number of short answer items increased to 8
• Maximum score for all the work hasn't changed(still - 40 points).

IN demo OGE options 2017 - 2019 in physics compared to demo version 2016 there were no changes.

For students in grades 8 and 9 who want to prepare well and pass OGE in mathematics or Russian language on high score, the Resolventa training center conducts

We also organize for schoolchildren

The most popular reference book for preparing for the Unified State Exam. New directory contains all the theoretical material for the physics course necessary to pass the main state exam in 9th grade. It includes all elements of content, verified by test materials, and helps to generalize and systematize the knowledge and skills of the basic school course. The theoretical material is presented in a concise and accessible form. Each section is accompanied by examples of test tasks. Practical tasks correspond to the OGE format. Answers to the tests are provided at the end of the manual. The manual is addressed to schoolchildren, applicants and teachers.

MECHANICAL PHENOMENA.
Mechanical movement. Trajectory. Path. Moving.
Mechanical motion is the change in the position of a body in space relative to other bodies over time. There are various types mechanical movement.

If all points of the body move equally and any straight line drawn in the body remains parallel to itself during its movement, then such a movement is called translational.
The points of a rotating wheel describe circles relative to the axis of this wheel. The wheel as a whole and all its points perform rotational motion.
If a body, for example a ball suspended on a thread, deviates from a vertical position in one direction or the other, then its motion is oscillatory.

The definition of the concept of mechanical motion includes the words “relative to other bodies.” They mean that a given body can be at rest relative to some bodies and move relative to other bodies. Thus, a passenger sitting on a bus moving relative to buildings also moves relative to them, but is at rest relative to the bus. A raft floating along a river is stationary relative to the water, but moves relative to the shore. Thus, when speaking about the mechanical movement of a body, it is necessary to indicate the body relative to which this body is moving or at rest. Such a body is called a reference body. In the above example with a moving bus, a house, or a tree, or a pillar near a bus stop can be chosen as a reference body.

Content
Preface
MECHANICAL PHENOMENA
Mechanical movement. Trajectory. Path. Moving
Uniform linear movement
Speed. Acceleration. Uniformly accelerated linear motion
Free fall
Uniform movement of a body in a circle
Weight. Density of matter
Strength. Addition of forces
Newton's laws
Friction force
Elastic force. Body weight
The law of universal gravitation. Gravity
Body impulse. Law of conservation of momentum
Mechanical work. Power
Potential and kinetic energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy
Simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms
Pressure. Atmospheric pressure. Pascal's law. Archimedes' Law
Mechanical vibrations and waves
THERMAL PHENOMENA
Structure of matter. Models of the structure of gas, liquid and solid
Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Relationship between the temperature of a substance and the speed of chaotic movement of particles. Brownian motion. Diffusion. Thermal equilibrium
Internal energy. Work and heat transfer as ways to change internal energy
Types of heat transfer: thermal conductivity, convection, radiation
Amount of heat. Specific heat
Law of conservation of energy in thermal processes. Energy conversion in heat engines
Evaporation and condensation. Boiling liquid
Melting and crystallization
ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA
Electrification of bodies. Two types of electric charges. Interaction of electric charges. Law of conservation of electric charge
Electric field. The effect of an electric field on electric charges. Conductors and dielectrics
Constant electric current. Current strength. Voltage. Electrical resistance. Ohm's law for a section of an electrical circuit
Series and parallel connections of conductors
Work and power of electric current. Joule-Lenz law
Oersted's experience. Magnetic field of current. Interaction of magnets. The effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor
Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments. Electromagnetic oscillations and waves
Law of rectilinear propagation of light. Law of light reflection. Flat mirror. Refraction of light
Dispersion of light Lens. Focal length of the lens. The eye as an optical system. Optical instruments
QUANTUM PHENOMENA
Radioactivity. Alpha, beta, gamma radiation. Rutherford's experiments. Planetary model of the atom
Composition of the atomic nucleus. Nuclear reactions
Reference materials
An example of a variant of control and measuring materials OGE (GIL)
Answers.

Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Physics, New complete reference book for preparing for the OGE, Purysheva N.S., 2016 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

The development collects and summarizes experience in solving problems proposed at the OGE in physics in grade 9, within the framework of the section “kinematics. rectilinear motion”. The author tried to develop a short course in which, using the example of analyzing basic simple problems, an understanding is formed general principle solutions to tasks on this topic. Development contains 19 unique tasks from detailed analysis each, and several methods of solving some problems are indicated, which, in the author’s opinion, should contribute to a deep and complete assimilation of methods for solving such tasks. Almost all tasks are authored, but each of them reflects the features of the tasks of the OGE form. The vast majority of tasks are focused on graphical representation, which contributes to the formation of meta-subject skills. In addition, the development contains the minimum necessary theoretical material, which represents a “concentration” general theory under this section. Can be used by the teacher in preparation for regular lesson, when carrying out additional classes, and is also designed for students who are independently preparing for passing the OGE in physics.

Methodical manual(presentation) “Electromagnetic oscillations and waves. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2013 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and the Plan demo version examination paper (Electromagnetic oscillations and waves), accompanied by animation and video clips.

Target Audience: for 9th grade

Methodological manual (presentation) “Air humidity. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Air Humidity), accompanied by animation and video clips.

Methodological manual (presentation) “Evaporation and condensation. Boiling liquid. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Evaporation and condensation. Liquid boiling), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.
The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating relevant topics, which will help guide students for an elective exam in their final years.

The development contains brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Mechanical vibrations and waves. Sound), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.

The methodological manual has been compiled to help teachers and students taking the State Examination in Physics based on FIPI materials to prepare for the exam in a new form; contains examples of the design of experimental tasks from part 3. The manual can also be used in physics lessons in grades 7–9 at laboratory work ah, because descriptions of some laboratory work are not given in the textbook.

Methodological manual (presentation) “Archimedes’ Law. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Archimedes' Law), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.

The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating relevant topics, which will help guide students for an elective exam in their final years.

Methodological manual (presentation) “Pascal’s Law. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Pascal's Law), accompanied by animation and video clips.

The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.

Methodological manual (presentation) “Pressure. Atmospheric pressure. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Pressure. Atmospheric pressure), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.
The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating relevant topics, which will help guide students for an elective exam in their final years.

Methodological manual (presentation) “Simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development contains brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms), accompanied by animation and video clips.

The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.
The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating relevant topics, which will help guide students for an elective exam in their final years.