Ready-made business projects with calculations. How to draw up a business plan: a sample and rules for drawing up with calculations

17.01.2022 -

This collection publishes articles that contain new business plans and time-tested typical examples, ready-made samples with calculations and analysis that you can download for free.

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A business plan is a program (project) for carrying out operations, actions of a future company, containing information about it, a product, its manufacture, sales markets, marketing, organization of operations and their effectiveness.

Ready examples

Each article contains an archive of the project, which you can download from the link.

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Successful business development directly depends on the preparation of a business plan.

It is not enough just to make a plan, it is necessary to constantly adjust it in accordance with market changes.

This will allow your business to "stay afloat", receiving income and conducting a clear planning of the expenditure side of the budget.

Every successful individual entrepreneur (IE) knows that a well-written business plan is the “foundation” of any activity. Using a business plan, an individual entrepreneur can attract investors or apply for a loan from a bank.

A business plan is a complete program for launching and developing a business, containing detailed information about a product, its release and distribution. The business plan reflects the planned profitability of the company, and also demonstrates the financial return on investment.

The preparation of a business plan for lenders should focus on specific financial indicators. The basic rule for writing a successful business plan is to be dynamic and short (no more than 15-20 sheets). Consider how to write a business plan yourself?

Title page

How to draw up a business plan? This requires a sample, especially for a beginner. Any work, first of all, consists of a title page.

This is the "face" of your business. The title page "acquaints" a potential investor with a business idea, so it is very important to learn how to correctly draw it up.

The title page should be attractive and briefly inform the investor about the essence of the business. The obligatory items of the title page are:

IP name;
contact details of the enterprise (telephone, address, etc.);
privacy note;
short name of the project;
Full name of the head of the IP, his contact details;
information on the preparation of a business plan (who made it, when, where);
information about the timing of the project.

Want to know more about writing business plans? Then the next topic is for you. : purpose and structure, algorithm and examples.

Read about how to open an online store for free and quickly.

A cafe is a business that can bring big profits in the future. Here is everything about how to open a cafe, a business plan with cost and profitability calculations.

Summary.
Project descriptions.
Carrying out market analysis, evaluation of competitors.
Marketing strategy.
Production, organizational and financial plans.

The summary is a brief and general information about the project. The volume of the resume should not exceed 1 printed page. The summary contains information about the scope of activities and financial results of the company, which are expected. The summary also substantiates the goals of creating the project, its uniqueness and benefits for investors.

Product Description

When compiling a description of products, it is necessary to focus on the usefulness of this good.

You can also make a brief comparison of this product with analogues, dwelling on the main differences.

The Product Description section should provide an opportunity to analyze the future development of the business.

Description of the business model

The business model is a simplified version of the functioning of all IP systems and business processes. Creating a business model is one of the most important steps at the stage of strategic planning of a company's activities.

A business model succinctly describes how a company creates and sells its product. The development of the business model is entrusted to the IP management team.

Market and industry analysis

At the stage of market analysis, it is necessary to get acquainted with the situation in detail, analyze the total volume of potential sales for the products produced. You can also make a trial batch of goods in order to study the behavior and reactions of buyers to it. Analyzing the market, it is necessary to evaluate competitors.

The general scheme of a competent business plan

How to write the right business plan? A competent business plan contains detailed information about the main competitors to understand the prospects for the development of IP.

Strategic SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is carried out in order to determine the actual state of the company and highlight the prospects for its development in the long term.

At the stage of conducting a SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the company are studied, risk factors and market opportunities are assessed.

SWOT analysis helps the IP management to evaluate the following points:

the presence of an IP advantage in the market for similar goods;
vulnerable ("bottleneck") places of the company;
chances of making a profit;
threats from the market and competitors.

Risk assessment and management

An integral part of the business plan is the concept of risk management.

This section is designed to prevent the occurrence of adverse events in the company's activities in order to avoid significant financial losses.

Active risk management implies their prevention at the decision-making stage. In this case, risk management is associated with market research, which shows the likelihood of losses based on an assessment of demand and the pricing policy of competitors.

Any investor who decides to invest funds pays attention to the risk of losing the invested capital.

Sales strategy

A sales strategy is a comprehensive planning consisting of answers to the following questions:

How (through what channels) will the product be distributed?
What will be the price of the product?
How to interest buyers?
How to create an ad? How much money to allocate for this?

In this section, it is necessary to analyze the market and make a clear description of the conditions under which potential buyers will become clients of the IP.

organizational plan

In the section "Organizational plan", as a rule, the general structure of the IP and the role of each of its links in the process of production and sale of goods are indicated. In addition to the general structure of the enterprise, investors are interested in information about each member of the management (if the company plans to raise capital).

This paragraph demonstrates the general table of income and expenses of the company, draws up a forecast balance sheet, and calculates the calculation (cost) of goods.

When compiling a financial plan, it is necessary to calculate the payback period of the project with a breakdown of cash flows by months.

When working on a business plan, you should not overdo it. Consider only basic information. It is important that the investor, after reading the first two pages, already understands what is at stake. The data used in the preparation of the business plan must be 100% reliable.

Basic principles for preparing a business plan

So what should must be in the business plan .

1) Summary of the project. This is a concise description of a business idea, a vision of development and tools to achieve results. Also, the summary should display data on what advantages you see in your business in comparison with other players in the market. In a word, this section should give a brief description of your business idea.

2) Information about the company. Here it is necessary to indicate the name of the enterprise, form of ownership, legal and actual address of the company, describe the structure of the enterprise.

It is also necessary to describe the goods or services that you are going to produce or sell in the market.

Specify the main goals of the enterprise.

3) Market analysis. This part involves considering the conditions in which you are going to enter the market - the competitive environment, the demand, what price you are going to charge, and how much profit you are going to make in the next three years. It is also necessary to indicate which particular advantages of your products or services can become especially attractive to consumers.

4) Product. This part should contain a detailed description of the future goods or services that you will offer to the consumer. You also need to indicate what target audience your activity will be aimed at, indicate future suppliers, partners, contractors and other counterparties with whom you plan to cooperate.

5) Development strategy. This section involves a description of the tools for the development of the future enterprise - growth rates, advertising, possible expansion.

6) Tools for the work of the enterprise. In this chapter, you need to reflect information about what equipment you are going to use, how to package the goods, deliver them, and if these are services, where will you provide them and by what means.

Also, this section should include information about your team - from management to auxiliary workers.

7) Financial analysis. This section is business plan key , which should be the rationale for your idea in numbers. Here it is necessary to analyze and calculate all the costs associated with the organization of the enterprise, its location, maintenance costs, payment for the work of employees, settlements with suppliers, etc. You need to take into account everything, up to buying a pack of paper.

Also in this section, include information about your actions in case of debt from partners, buyers or suppliers. What debt recovery schemes are you going to use, and how you can protect yourself from such situations.

8) Accompanying documents. This is certainly not a section, but an important component of a business plan. It is necessary to attach all documents related directly to the enterprise as a legal entity, lease agreements, resumes, job descriptions, etc.

Common mistakes in business plans

Examples of business plans can be browsed endlessly, but a beginner may not always be able to main disadvantages of a business plan. Often, a business idea does not get implemented because it is absolutely impossible to see the main essence and advantages of the future enterprise in the business plan.

So let's consider major mistakes that inexperienced businessmen allow while working on a business plan:

Unnecessary information. Often business plans are written in such a way that behind the description of the professional skills of employees, information about the business itself is lost, or the story about competitors turns into an essay “Who today offers the same goods as mine and what a fine fellow I am, what can I do better (or cheaper )". In fact, a list of competitors is enough, a couple of words about the pros and cons of their work, pricing policy and an indication of your advantages over them.

Unsubstantiated figures . As mentioned earlier, financial analysis is essential for a business plan, so all calculations must be made on the basis of real numbers. Of course, it’s easier and faster to estimate “by eye”, but if you seriously decide to do your business, then remember that accuracy loves any business.

In order for an investor to be interested in you, work hard to ensure that everyone the figures in the business plan were reasonable. Keep in mind that investors and lenders go into negotiations prepared, since it is their money that is at stake. And, in the event of even a slight uncertainty about the reality of your calculations, you can forget about investing in your business.

Vague information about goals and tools to achieve them . This problem arises, as a rule, when there is an idea, but there is no vision of its implementation, or, this vision has an unfinished form. Roughly speaking, if the future businessman has not thought through everything to the end.

A business plan must disclose a list of specific goals and ways to achieve them, work with the target audience, assess its solvency, clearly define the place in the market that you plan to take, and who exactly will be your main competitor. Specify what is the basis for such conclusions (analysis, market research, survey, etc.).

Exceeded expected result . Often, when calculating the potential profitability of a future business, the dreams of entrepreneurs take precedence over real numbers. You should not get carried away with what you want, but it is better to honestly look at reality. If adequate figures are taken into account in the financial analysis, then the expected financial result will also have a real form.

Don't try to impress creditors, partners and investors with a profit of 500%. Believe me, they will calculate your result much faster and more accurately in their head, because their experience and knowledge will be greater than yours. And if the presented idea is worthwhile, even if not profitable from the first day, but promising in the future, it will not be ignored.

Sample business plan

So let's consider Sample business plan for a cafe good time ».

Summary .

Name - Cafe "Goodtime".

Legal form - Limited Liability Company.

Location - Kyiv

Services provided - Cafe, bar, karaoke, celebrations, trainings, seminars.

Working hours - 8.00-23.00 without breaks and days off.

Staff - 1 manager, 2 administrators, 1 bartender, 4 waiters, 2 cooks, 1 art director, 1 cleaner, 2 dishwashers.

The required starting capital is UAH 500,000.00.

Expenses per month - UAH 197,000.00.

The planned return on investment is 18 months.

Competition is high

Demand is high

Planned income per month - UAH 180,000.00.

Planned expense - UAH 120,000.00.

The planned net profit is UAH 60,000.00.

Cafe services and goods .

Cafe Goodtime will provide the following services:

1) Cafe, bar services.

2) Conducting trainings, seminars.

3) Theme parties.

4) Karaoke services.

5) Providing Wi-Fi for visitors.

6) Separate playroom for children.

Goods that the Goodtime cafe will sell:

1) Confectionery products of own production.

2) Semi-finished products of own production.

3) Lunch / dinner with home delivery or "to go".

4) Sale of coffee and tea by weight.

The target audience .

The work of the cafe is focused on people aged 18-55 with an average income and above average. They should be interested in spending time in a cozy atmosphere, with the opportunity to participate in interesting programs, perform songs in karaoke. Each client should generate income in the amount of 50-250 UAH.

Also, the planned consumers of services are small firms that are interested in holding events for small groups of 10-30 people.

Market promotion methods .

1) Distribution of flyers-invitations to the opening.

Customer retention tools .

1) An interesting menu, the possibility of preparing dishes under the order of customers.

2) Promotions, discounts for regular customers.

3) Holding interesting themed parties.

4) Gifts for regular customers in the form of desserts, drinks.

5) Service at the highest level.

Competitors .

Cafe "Goodtime" will be opened in the center of the sleeping area, where there are also 4 cafes of a similar level. But, our cafe will have the following advantages:

1) Availability of karaoke;

2) The presence of a children's playroom;

3) Possibility of ordering food at home;

4) Thematic evenings.

5) The location of the cafe has a convenient entrance and a parking place.

Action plan for opening a cafe .

1) Market analysis.

2) Team selection.

3) Repair of the premises.

4) Purchase of the necessary equipment and inventory for work.

5) Elaboration of the menu and a plan for upcoming events.

6) Registration of activities and obtaining all necessary permits.

8) Checking the cafe for performance.

9) Opening.

The financial analysis .

One-time costs:

Purchase of equipment and inventory - UAH 350,000.00.
Repair of the premises - UAH 150,000.00.

Total: UAH 500,000.00

Recurring costs:

Rent – UAH 50,000.00
Salary - 48 000.00 UAH.
Utilities, Internet - UAH 8,000.00.
Purchase of products - UAH 70,000.00.
Taxes and fees - UAH 21,000.00.

Total: UAH 197,000.00

Payback period:

Provided that the cafe will be visited by 50 people a day and the income from each will be 150 UAH, the payback period will come in 18 months.

50 people *150 UAH*30 days =225,000.00 UAH

UAH 225,000.00 – UAH 197,000.00 = UAH 28,000.00

UAH 500,000.00/UAH 28,000.00 = 17.86 ≈18 months.

Conclusion

Subject to the competent implementation of the idea and the effective work of the advertising company, the administration of the cafe and the art director, you can count on profit after the first month of work. Considering that the cafe opens in autumn, attendance is expected to be high in the next 6-9 months. In order to retain customers in the summer, it is possible to open a summer site in the future.

So, it is possible to draw up a business plan yourself. Here is a simplified version, due to the fact that it concerns production issues. Also, keep in mind that this is just an example, so these numbers are very approximate. If you decide to take it as a basis, conduct a thorough analysis of the financial side of the issue yourself.

And yet, if there is no confidence in the issue of business planning, then you can always use the services of professionals who will work your idea well and turn it into quality business plan.

But, most importantly, persistently move in the direction of your goal and do not despair, because mistakes are always possible. The most important thing in business is not that you cannot make mistakes, but the ability to quickly navigate the situation and choose the right direction for solving problems.

In an unbridled desire to quickly open their own business, many novice businessmen often neglect to draw up a business plan. At best, this is fraught with a loss of profit, at worst, a complete collapse of the business idea. Why is a business plan so important, how does it look, is it possible to find a sample business plan with calculations and how to properly approach its preparation?

Business plan concept

In the most general case, a business plan can be described as a detailed and transparent guide for the creator and potential investors, describing the implementation of a certain business idea in real economic conditions.

Honest awareness of one's place and level of qualification. A complete analysis of your own knowledge, skills and abilities, financial capabilities (prospects for raising additional funds, if necessary), the need for premises, equipment, business connections, etc.
Prediction of the final result. There should not be abstract concepts like “I want to earn a lot of money”. Only a clear planning of the future business turnover, profit, market place, etc.
A detailed description of the steps capable of making the transition from the first step to the second within a predetermined timeframe.

Business plan for yourself and for the investor - what's the difference

Business plan for potential investors. In this case, the main purpose of the document is to convince the investor that the project is capable of making a profit and that money can be allocated for it. The idea should be presented as efficiently and beautifully as possible. Possible risks can be slightly underestimated (at least not to focus on them), but it is also not worth promising mountains of gold - this will cause fair doubts.
business plan for yourself. Should be as close to reality as possible. It is a kind of guide to action. The document should describe everything necessary for opening and further developing the business.

It often happens that an entrepreneur mixes these two documents that are identical in name, but somewhat different in essence. As a result, instead of clearly and concisely explaining to the investor what his money will be spent on, the novice businessman tells how they can be saved.

Business plan structure

Before submitting a specific sample for self-compilation of a business plan, you should carefully study the step-by-step instructions, which will describe in detail how to write a business plan and what to look for first.

Any business plan should start with a title page. It would be useful to place here information about the name of the project, the legal and actual address of the organization, comprehensive contact information and the date the document was developed.

In order to interest the investor, some prefer to show the main financial data already on the title page - the payback period of the project, the expected profitability and the required amount of borrowed funds.

Next comes the main informative part of the document (many investors draw conclusions about the feasibility of investing solely in this part of the business plan), which is a concise information about all sections and the main conclusions.

The summary is compiled last, when all the calculations are ready and all the necessary information is collected.

Description of the business plan

In this section, in detail, in the smallest detail, all the details of the project are prescribed.

There are many organizations that, for a certain amount of money, are ready to draw up a business plan for any project. Whether to resort to their services - each novice businessman decides for himself. On the one hand, this approach will help to avoid many typical mistakes, because professionals know exactly how to write a good business plan, on the other hand, it will not always accurately reflect the features of this particular business idea, and it can cost quite a lot.

In addition, self-compilation of a business plan will help the entrepreneur to plunge headlong into his idea and study it to the smallest detail, which will have a very positive effect on the future business.

An example of a business plan

And yet, it is more convenient to understand all the intricacies of drawing up a business plan using a specific example. Based on the recommendations described, let's try to make an example of a competent and detailed business plan, understandable even for schoolchildren, telling how to open a gym from scratch in a small Russian city.

Summary

The project seems to be very promising, since in recent years there has been a steady increase in citizens' interest in a healthy lifestyle and active recreation. The commercial feasibility of the project can be considered the lack of gyms for the middle class in the city. The main goal of a business is to occupy this niche.

Market assessment

The company will operate from 10:00 to 21:00. For classes, you will need to buy a subscription, which will be offered for 2, 5, 10 or 20 visits. Compared to the basic one, each next type of subscription will provide a discount (in terms of 1 visit) in the amount of 5, 10 and 15%. A serious competitive advantage will be the extended subscription period: 1, 2, 3 and 4 months, respectively.

The duration of the visit can be 30 minutes or 1 hour. To optimize the workload of the hall, it is proposed to make a 20% discount on visits in the morning (from 10.00 to 13.00) and 10% in the daytime (from 13.00 to 17.00).

An aggressive advertising campaign will be launched before the official opening of the gym. This will allow you to build a customer base in advance. In order to be able to pre-sale subscriptions already at this stage, it will be necessary to ensure the full functioning of the reception, including the repair of the premises, the work of personnel and the conduct of communications.

After the first three months of work, an analysis of the workload of the halls in each shift will be carried out and adjustments will be made to optimize the workload. This can be a redistribution of discounts, the introduction of additional incentives (every 10th visit as a gift, a free drink from the institution, etc.).

Manufacturing process

It is planned to open a gym in the central part of the city, including two gyms, two changing rooms and two showers. Also, it is planned to create a recreation area with a vending machine for hot drinks. Once every three months, the establishment will be closed for sanitation. Accounting will be carried out during the same period.

The maximum capacity of the halls is 10 people. An instructor is always present in the hall. His tasks include the distribution of visitors, consulting. The working shift of the instructor is 6 hours without lunch. The work schedule of the instructors will be drawn up in accordance with their wishes for the week ahead.

Personal belongings can be left in the locker room, where personal lockers will be installed. Having closed the booth with a key, the visitor takes it with him for the duration of the lesson.

An administrator will constantly work in the lobby, whose tasks will include selling subscriptions, answering phone calls, keeping a log of visitors, informing customers about the workload of the halls.

Leave for employees will be provided during the summer period, as a seasonal decline in demand for gym services is expected at this time (due to the holiday season and the possibility of self-study in the fresh air).

Swedish wall - 3 sections.
Treadmill - 2.
Exercise bike - 3.
Strength training equipment - 1.
Press simulator - 2.
Rowing machine - 2.

Gym (at least 30 sq.m.) - 2.
Dressing room (at least 15 sq.m.) - 2.
Locker room for employees (at least 6 sq.m.) - 1.
Recreation area (about 9 sq.m.) - 1.
Hall with a wardrobe (about 15 sq.m.) - 1.
Director's office (about 9 sq.m.) - 1.
Administration room (9 sq.m.) - 1.
Utility room - 1.
Shower room - 2.
Toilet - 2.

The total area of premises for a business project must be at least 160 sq.m.

Manufacturing program

The average price of one hour of classes will be set at 100 rubles. The gym will work seven days a week, except for holidays and sanitary days. There will be 14 such days during the year. There will be 351 working days, respectively.

The approximate amount of annual revenue will be 351 days * 11 hours * 10 people (hall occupancy) * 2 halls * 100 rubles = 7,722,000 rubles.

It is almost impossible to achieve a constant full load of the halls. Practice shows that in the morning the hall is 60-80% full, while in the evening it can be overcrowded.

We will set the real amount of revenue at the level of 90% of the maximum, which will be 6,949,800 rubles.

Amount of investment

Staffing and payroll

We accept the rate of production of one instructor based on a 40-hour working week. Given that the halls will work 351 days a year for 11 hours, we get the total number of working hours in the amount of 351 * 11 * 2 = 7722 hours.

Next, we calculate the maximum number of working hours per year for one employee. Each employee works approximately 250 calendar days per year. Subtracting from them 20 days of vacation, 5 days of sick leave, 6 days of study leave and 1 day for the performance of state duties, we get, on average, 218 days or, in terms of hours, 218 * 8 = 1744 hours.

Thus, the need for instructors will be 7722 / 1744 = 4.42 = 5 people.

Similarly, you can determine the need for administrators and security officers. Given that their services cover both halls at the same time, the need for such specialists will be 3 and 3 people, respectively.

In addition, two cleaners will work in the gym with a work schedule every other day. The senior administrator will be responsible for the operation of the beverage vending machine, for scheduling the work of employees, for the marketing policy of the company.

Base salary rates for employees will be set in accordance with the staffing table. If, according to the results of work for the quarter, 90% of the halls were occupied, the employees will receive a bonus. At the end of the year, management is considering the possibility of paying an annual bonus.

The projected wage fund will be 240,000 rubles per month.

Cost estimate

The cost estimate for production for the first year of the gym is based on a load of 90%.

For convenience, the total estimate will be divided into several parts:

Employee salary - 116,000 * 12 = 1,392,000 rubles.
Social security contributions - 1,392,000 * 0.32 = 445,440 rubles.
Depreciation of simulators - 212,000 rubles.
Costs for printing services - 24,000 rubles.

Purchase of spare parts - 4,000 rubles.
Specialist services - 8,000 rubles.

Room rental - 32,000 * 12 = 384,000 rubles.
Payment for utilities - 6,000 * 12 = 72,000 rubles.
Electricity costs - 2,400 * 12 = 28,800 rubles.
The salary of the manager and maintenance personnel is 124,000 * 12 = 1,488,000 rubles.
Deductions in social insurance - 476 160 rubles.
Other expenses - 60,000 rubles.
Depreciation of fixed assets - 243,280 rubles.

The business expense estimate will only include advertising costs of RUB 72,000 per year.

The total production costs per year will be 4,909,680 rubles.

Balance sheet profit

This indicator can be determined by subtracting the total production costs from the planned sales volume: 6,949,800 - 4,909,680 = 2,040,120 rubles.

Calculation of tax deductions and profitability of production

Education tax (1% of the wage fund) - 28,800 rubles.
Tax on the maintenance of social and cultural facilities and housing stock (1.5% of the sales volume) - 125,096 rubles.

The balance sheet profit, taking into account non-operating expenses, will be 2,040,120 - 28,800 - 125,096 = 1,886,224.

Income tax (33%) = 622,454 rubles.

Net profit \u003d 1,886,224 - 622,454 \u003d 1,263,770 rubles.

Based on these indicators, you can calculate the value of specific profitability, which shows the profit per 1 ruble of sales. It is determined by the ratio of balance sheet profit to turnover:

R ud \u003d P / T * 100% \u003d 1 886 224 / 6 949 800 * 100% \u003d 27.1%

Project efficiency

To simplify the assessment of efficiency, we will assume that sales volumes will remain unchanged over several years. Calculate the net income of a business project for a certain period of time:

BH \u003d CHP * T - K,

Where NP is net profit,
T - time interval (let's take it equal to 5 years),
K is the amount of investment calculated earlier.

BH \u003d 1,263,770 * 5 - 1,758,600 \u003d 4,560,250 rubles.

Another important indicator is the profitability index, i.e. the amount of profit for a certain period of time received per 1 ruble of invested funds:

ID \u003d PE * T / K \u003d 1,263,770 * 5 / 1,758,600 \u003d 3.59

Also, the presented business project will be perfectly characterized by such an indicator as the payback period. This is the number of years required for net income to equal the investment:

T ok \u003d K / PE avg \u003d 1,758,600 / 1,263,770 \u003d 1.39 years

Type of ownership

In accordance with the current legislation, a limited liability company has been chosen as the form of ownership. After the implementation of the business project, the company can be transformed into a Closed Joint Stock Company.

findings

The maximum price of one hour of training in our gym will be 100 rubles, which will be the optimal amount for clients with an average income. The purchase of subscriptions will allow you to receive significant discounts.

The specific profitability of the project will be 27.1%, and the profitability index will be 3.59 rubles for five years for every ruble invested in the business. These figures are above the industry average and also exceed the yield on bank deposits.

The project promises to pay off in 1.39 years, which should be very attractive to potential investors.

The considered example does not just show an example of a good business plan for an enterprise, it can serve as a kind of algorithm that clearly demonstrates how a project can be made for almost any idea. Of course, the numbers will vary, but the overall structure will remain the same.

A business plan is a document that provides a detailed justification for the project and the ability to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of decisions made, planned activities, and answer the question of whether it is worth investing in this project.

The business plan should:

show that the product or service will find its consumer, establish the capacity of the sales market and the prospects for its development;
estimate the costs necessary for the manufacture and sale of products, the provision of works or services on the market;
determine the profitability of future production and show its effectiveness for the enterprise (investor), for the local, regional and state budget.

The main functions of the business plan:

is a tool with which an entrepreneur can evaluate the actual results of activities for a certain period;
can be used to develop the concept of doing business in the future;
acts as a tool to attract new investments;
is a tool for implementing the company's strategy.

One of the most important stages of the planning process is the preparation of a business plan, which is necessary both for intra-company planning and for justifying the receipt of funds from an external source, i.e., obtaining money for a specific project in the form of bank loans, budget allocations, equity participation of other enterprises in the implementation of the project.

Business plan summary (brief abstract)
Goals and objectives of the project
Company Description
Analysis of the industry and its development trends
Target market
Competition
Strategic position and risk assessment
Marketing plan and sales strategy
Operating activities
Technology plan
organizational plan
Personnel plan
Financial plan
Social and environmental responsibility
Terms of business exit

How to write a business plan

Any form or sample business plan offered on the Internet provides only a general idea. Any business has its own characteristics, therefore, there cannot be a certain "standard" writing algorithm that is suitable in all cases. There is only one tried-and-true principle for any business plan: IT SHOULD ALWAYS BE SHORT.

Start with the right messages. As paradoxical as it sounds, for most entrepreneurs, a business plan as a document is one of the least important factors in raising capital.

If the investor is inclined towards a positive decision, then a good business plan will become an additional argument for; but not the plan itself is the reason for this decision.
If an investor is inclined to a negative decision, it is unlikely that the business plan will be able to convince him. In this case, the investor, most likely, will not even read this plan to the end.

Unfortunately, naive entrepreneurs believe that a business plan can cause an investor to delight and awe with an immediate request: “ Please tell me where to transfer the money».

Well, it doesn't hurt to dream. The correct and realistic motivation for writing a plan should be the following: which you downplayed in the first euphoria - for example, the customer service policy.

Finally, the plan reveals gaps in the founding team. If, after looking around the office, you realize that there is no one who could implement some key element of the plan, then someone is missing in the team.

All midnight, romantic, abstract dreams of changing the world become quite material and controversial, one has only to transfer them to paper. Thus, this document is not as important as the process leading to its creation. Even if you do not pursue the goal of raising capital, it is still worth writing a business plan.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING OUT

Title page and content. Start with the essentials: company name, address, phone number, and contact information for all founders, as well as a table of contents throughout the document.

Introduction. On no more than two pages, list all the most important things. First, tell us what the value of the project is: what your company will do, how much profit it will have, and why people will want to pay for your product or service. If you are sending the plan to investors, state the capital you will need and how you plan to use it. To highlight the essence, you need to imagine the big picture, so it is better to start this part after the completion of the entire plan.

Market opportunities. Explain to whom you will sell your product or service and why this group of consumers is attractive to you. Several key questions need to be answered. How big is the market? How fast does it grow? What are the growth opportunities and potential threats? How will you deal with them? Most of this information can be found through industry websites and media, official statistics, analyst reports, and even other business people. Be sure to indicate the source of the information.

Market Review. Make no mistake, your business is not unique. Try to look with a sober look and evaluate your opponents. Who are they? What are they selling? What part of the market do they occupy? Why would customers prefer your product or service over theirs? What obstacles may arise when entering this market? Do not forget about indirect competitors who are currently operating in a different segment, but have similar capabilities and may compete with you later.

Promotion of goods on the market. Describe how you will promote your products or services to the consumer. Conditions and organization of the sale of the product. What promotion channels will you use? In this section, describe pricing issues.

Company structure. Control. Staff. The execution is almost as important as the idea itself. Therefore, investors are interested in who is on your team. Attach resumes of all founders, partners and leaders: what are their skills and achievements. This should also include information about the legal form of the enterprise and its internal organizational structure, the state of the enterprise.

Business model. This section includes a detailed description of all sources of income (product sales, services) and the company's cost structure (payroll, rent, operating costs). Describe the premises, equipment, technologies, schemes of production flows. Make sure you mention and justify all possible income and expenses. In addition, include the names of the main suppliers and buyers. In fact, this section is the production plan of the future company.

Financial indicators and forecasts. Make a forecast for profits, losses and cash flows (receipt-expenses) for at least three years ahead (it is advisable to break the first year into quarters or even months). Also provide an analysis that shows how soon the initial investment will pay off.

Risks. Don't wait for trouble to find out how your business will handle it. Work out possible scenarios: worst, best and average, as well as what you will do to reduce the negative impact of risks or even prevent them. Make sure you have enough money to weather any storm. If you insure risks, write down the amounts you will insure and the types of insurance policies.

Sources of funds and their use. If you are trying to raise money from investors, they will want to know how you plan to spend your capital. In this section, you need to indicate the estimated costs of launching: premises, purchase of new equipment, company logo design, etc. Most entrepreneurs underestimate the cost of starting a new business. Therefore, conduct research in advance, before contacting investors.

Applications. This may include a resume, creditworthiness information, market overview, diagrams, promotion plan, copies of contracts, including leases, letters of guarantee from future clients, patent and trademark registration certificates, partnership agreements, company registration certificate.

10 mistakes when writing a business plan

According to professional project managers, there are 10 things that should not be written in a business plan.

"Dead Souls". A common mistake entrepreneurs make when preparing a business plan is to include information about certain executive members who, in fact, have nothing to do with the team. Information about consultants should be given reliable, because the investor may wish to communicate with them personally.
"Homework". There is no need to be zealous, indulging in confusing descriptions of the entire range of products and services. This will only overload your plan with a large size, which is not at all good for you, because the investor must get to the very essence from the first pages, otherwise further reading will not make sense for him.
"Invented Characters". All biographies of board members, founders must be extremely honest and not embellished.
"Who, when and how". In marketing plans, you need to rely only on the offers that actually exist.
"Year after year". You cannot submit financial plans in a business plan broken down exclusively by year. As mentioned above, the forecast for the first year should be made on a monthly basis and show seed funding, and then a quarterly breakdown for the next period. The investor must see when the full return on investment will take place and whether the investment will pay off.
"Monopoly". There is always competition and similar products or services, the consumer market is not that big, and it takes a lot of effort to implement a business plan. Therefore, in the text, phrases about the absence of competition, a huge market that has no analogues, products or services, and the simple implementation of the project should be abandoned.
"Hockey stick". Financial indicators categorically cannot, when viewed graphically, be a curve in the form of a hockey stick, i.e., profit falling from the very beginning and boundlessly striving upward in the future. The most ingenious idea, with its payback, will give rise to competition, so incomes cannot grow indefinitely.
"No counting indicators." The market should be assessed by you from different angles in quantitative terms: perspective, market share, customers. Otherwise, you are incompetent.
"Promises". It is not necessary to stipulate in the business plan possible financial injections that are at an unfinished stage. You either have funding or you don't.
"Something like that." Your business plan must operate with exact numbers. You must clearly understand the scope of fixed, variable, direct, indirect and outsourcing costs.

Print out your business plan. Set aside all pages, starting with the third. Reread the first two pages - do they make you want to read the rest of the document? Brevity, simplicity, clarity - strike out everything superfluous.

Having polished your plan to a shine, do not send it to gather dust in a distant drawer. “The business plan is just the beginning of the process. Planning the activities of an enterprise is like navigating a ship at sea: you need to constantly adjust the course. The plan itself is of little value. It is important to go back to it and see where you were wrong and what it cost you.

We wish you success! All in your hands!