Nose to ear infection. Bacterial otitis, symptoms and treatment

Ear infections are a fairly common problem in both children and adults. Features of the human hearing aid predispose to the fact that pathogens of infectious diseases multiply freely and cause chronic inflammatory processes.

general information

There are many rumors and myths about ear infections that should be taken with a grain of salt. Here is a summary of these diseases:

1. Inflammatory diseases of the ear can be caused by various infectious agents, but most often they are provoked by pathogenic bacteria.
2. Depending on the part of the ear affected, there are different symptoms and a variety of complications can occur. The most dangerous are infections of the inner ear.
3. Not only a child, but also an adult can get sick with otitis media (inflammation of the ear). Often an acute process occurs in childhood, but in a chronic form it passes into adulthood.
4. This issue should not be taken lightly. Banal infection can cause severe complications. Therefore, you need to contact a specialist for help in time.
5. Antibiotics are often used in the treatment of ear infections. However, they should not be prescribed on their own, since you can make a mistake with the choice of the drug and cause side effects.
6. Surgical treatments are used for some ear diseases, but in most cases, surgery can be avoided.
7. The development of the disease leads not only to the entry of a microbe into the ear, but also to a number of predisposing factors. They can be avoided by taking preventive measures.

We will try to understand the problem of ear infections in more detail.

Classification

An ear infection belongs to a group of diseases called otitis media. But the latter also includes other types of ear inflammation - allergic and traumatic. The first step is to exclude this nature of the process in the presence of symptoms of inflammation in the ear.

Infectious otitis can be:

1. External - in this case, inflammation occurs in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sink or ear canal. Good for diagnosis and treatment. This is the most common form of the disease.
2. Medium - inflammation is localized in the tympanic cavity. Microbes can get there from the pharynx through the Eustachian tube or through a hole in the eardrum. Otitis media often has a chronic course.
3. Internal - the most dangerous ear infections. The process affects the sensitive parts of the ear - the labyrinth and semicircular canaliculi. With such an infection, there is a high risk of hearing loss.

For a clinician, it is very important to divide the disease according to the duration of the course:

• Acute otitis - lasts no more than three weeks. It is best treated, but can cause complications.
• Subacute is a transitional variant that takes from three weeks to three months. Factors that reduce human immunity predispose to the development of such a disease.
• Chronic otitis - this variant of the disease flows for more than three months. It is usually middle or internal, since microbes remain in closed cavities better than in the outer parts of the ear.

According to the nature of inflammation, there are:

• Catarrhal variant - the mucous membrane or skin of the ear canal is inflamed. There is no discharge from the ear.
• Exudative - due to the active inflammatory process, mucous discharge occurs, less often bloody.
• Purulent - the most dangerous type of disease. A cloudy yellow or green discharge. They are a bacterial mass and dead leukocytes. It quickly provokes complications.

Causes

The direct cause of any infectious disease is the pathogen. With otitis media, they are viruses and bacteria:

• Streptococci are the most common types of pathogens. Normally, they can populate the surface of human skin. With a fall in immunity, damage to local integuments, streptococci actively multiply and become the cause of infection.
• Pneumococcus is a separate type of streptococcus that most often causes pneumonia. However, in some cases, these pathogens enter different parts of the ear. There they cause ear diseases.
• Staphylococci are another common type of bacteria found in the environment and some body cavities. More often than others become the cause of purulent processes.
• Haemophilus influenzae - quite often causes otitis and provokes catarrh. With a long course, it provokes a purulent process.
• Gram-negative bacteria, moraxella and fungi are less likely to cause disease.
• Microbial associations are a rather unpleasant variant of the disease when it is caused by a combination of several pathogenic microbes. It is difficult to respond to antibiotic therapy. Requires sowing of purulent discharge.

Predisposing factors

If the microbe gets into healthy hearing organs, it rarely causes illness. For the development of infection, additional predisposing factors are necessary:

1. Immunodeficiency - congenital or acquired. It develops with viral diseases, the use of gluocorticosteroids and cytostatics, the pathology of immune defense cells, and diabetes mellitus.
2. Ear injury. In this case, the mucous membrane or skin is damaged and cannot contain the penetration of microbes. The cause of otitis media can be barotrauma of the eardrum with a sharp change in atmospheric pressure.
3. Chronic swelling of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and nose - with allergic diseases, recurring SARS.
4. Adenoids and polyps - these formations in the ENT organs contribute to infectious processes that can spread to the middle ear.
5. The presence of foci of chronic infection in the body. Most often they are carious teeth. Less often - pharyngitis and tonsillitis.

People who are prone to these factors should be on their guard and be aware of the risk of developing an ear infection.

Symptoms

An ear infection has various clinical manifestations depending on its location.

With the development of otitis externa, the following symptoms may appear:

• An abscess or boil on the auricle or visible part of the ear canal.
• Severe pain in the ear, sharply aggravated by pressure on the affected side.
• The appearance of mucous or purulent discharge from the external auditory canal.
• With severe inflammation - hearing loss, a feeling of congestion on the one hand.
• The pain is aggravated by opening the mouth.

An infection in the ear can affect the middle sections - the tympanic cavity. In this case, the person is concerned about:

• Hearing loss due to damage to the auditory ossicles.
• Ear pain on one side.
• Feeling of fullness in the ears - decreases when the mouth is opened.
• High body temperature.
• A characteristic sign of otitis media is a decrease in the severity of symptoms when the eardrum is perforated, in this case, pus is released from the ear on one side.
• Irradiation of pain in the temple, eye or jaw.

Ear infections rarely affect the inner ear. Symptoms of labyrinthitis are:

• Hearing impairment.
• Vertigo in lesions of the semicircular tubules.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Constant tinnitus.
• Temperature and pain are rare.

Complications

If you do not start treatment of an ear infection in time, it can cause various complications. These include:

1. Hearing loss and complete hearing loss on the one hand is especially characteristic of otitis media.
2. Meningitis, brain abscesses, encephalitis - when the infection enters the cranial cavity.
3. Damage to the inflammatory process of the facial nerve with the development of its paresis.
4. Mastoiditis - damage to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Dangerous destruction of the auditory ossicles.
5. Abscesses in the ENT organs - the pharynx and tonsils, peripharyngeal tissue.

All of these conditions quite seriously affect the life of any person. Socialization is disturbed in children, adults lose their professional abilities and often have to turn to specialists for help.

Prevention of complications is the timely diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease.

Diagnostics

When symptoms of otitis are detected in a patient, the doctor begins a diagnostic search for the problem. The otolaryngologist uses different research methods depending on the type of disease.

When inflammation of the outer ear is used:

• Inspection of the auricle and external passage with the help of an otoscope: narrowing of the passage, reddening of the skin, discharge, hyperemia of the membrane attract attention.
• Bacteriological examination of discharge from the ear.
• General clinical blood and urine tests.

With otitis media, the doctor applies:

• The diagnostic methods listed above.
• When otoscopy detects a limitation of the mobility of the membrane or a hole in it.
• Valsava method - puffing up the cheeks with the mouth closed. With otitis media, the membrane does not bend, unlike a healthy one.

For the diagnosis of internal otitis use:

• metry - a study of the function of hearing by a hardware method.
• Tympanometry is a measurement of the level of pressure inside the ear.
• Examination by a neurologist to exclude complications of the disease.

Treatment Methods

Treatment of an infection in the ears depends on its location, the pathogen and the presence of complications. Most often, otitis media is treated conservatively. Much less commonly used surgery - paracentesis.

Conservative

For the treatment of otitis externa are used:

• Antibiotics in drops - ciprofloxacin or ofloxcin, less often rifamycin. If the antibiotic does not help, an alternative agent is prescribed based on the results of bacterial culture.
• Corticosteroid drops - reduce swelling of the mucosa and the severity of symptoms.
• Antifungal agents for otitis caused by fungi. More commonly used are clotrimazole or natamycin.
• Local antiseptics, for example, Miramistin, help well.

Otitis media and internal are treated with oral antibiotics - in tablets. The most used drugs:

• Amoxicillin.
• Amoxiclav.
• 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins.

Additionally, symptomatic agents in the form of ear drops can be used. With a whole eardrum, Otipax, Otizol are used.

They relieve the symptoms of the disease and alleviate the condition of the person.

Drops with antibiotics for otitis media and a whole eardrum will not have any effect.

The reverse situation is observed in the presence of perforation. In this case, anesthetic drops are contraindicated, but antibacterial agents in local form are widely used. They penetrate the tympanic cavity and kill bacteria.

Surgical

The surgical treatment for otitis media is called paracentesis. It is carried out under the following conditions:

• Damage to the inner ear by an inflammatory process.
• Development of meningeal and cerebral symptoms.
• Inflammation of the facial nerve.
• Failure of antibiotic therapy.

The essence of the operation is to incise the membrane with a special needle.

The doctor makes an incision in the thinnest place to speed up its healing in the future.

Purulent contents flow through the resulting hole, the recovery of a person is accelerated. The operation is performed under local anesthesia.

Prevention

You can prevent the development of the disease by observing simple preventive measures. These include:

1. Timely treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis with the use of vasoconstrictors.
2. Elimination of all foci of chronic infection, including carious teeth.
3. Stay in a ventilated area, take daily walks, harden your body.
4. Regularly do wet cleaning in your home.
5. Avoid injury to the outer ear when using hygiene products.
6. Complete treatment of allergic diseases, exclusion of contact with the allergen.

Any symptoms of ear pathology should be the reason for contacting a specialist.

Source: http://elaxsir.ru/zabolevaniya/uxa/infekciya-v-ushax-lechenie.html

Ear infection in adults

Ear infections are not as common in adults as they are in children, but they can cause serious complications. The ear has three main parts, known as the inner, middle, and outer. Infections are most common in the middle and outer ear. Inner ear infections are rare.

Symptoms of an ear infection in adults

Symptoms of ear infections in adults vary by location and may include:

• inflammation and pain;
• Hearing loss;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• fever;
• Headache;
• Discharge from the ear, which is a sign of a serious problem.

Middle ear infections

The middle ear is located directly behind the eardrum.

Middle ear infections usually occur when bacteria or viruses from the mouth, eyes, and nasal passages enter the middle ear area. The result is pain and a feeling of clogged ears.

Some people may experience hearing problems as the inflamed eardrum becomes insensitive to sound.

A buildup of fluid or pus behind the eardrum also affects hearing. It may seem that the sore ear is under water. Fever and general weakness may accompany a middle ear infection.

outer ear infection

The outer ear includes the auricle and the external auditory meatus. External ear infections may begin as an itchy rash on the outside of the ear.

The ear canal is an ideal breeding ground for germs, and as a result, an outer ear infection can develop. External ear infections can be caused by irritation or damage to the ear canal by foreign objects.

Common symptoms include ear canal pain and swelling. The ear may become red and hot to the touch.

Risk Factors for Ear Infection in Adults

Ear infections are caused by viruses or bacteria and are common in people with weakened immune system. Ear infections in adults are usually caused by viruses, fungi, or bacteria. People with weakened immune systems or inflammation are more prone to ear infections.

Diabetes is one of the risk factors that can cause ear infections. People with chronic skin conditions, including eczema or psoriasis, may be prone to ear infections.

Colds, flu, allergies, and respiratory illnesses such as sinus and throat infections can lead to ear infections.

The Eustachian tubes run from the ear to the nose and throat and control pressure in the ear. Infected Eustachian tubes swell and prevent drainage, which aggravates symptoms of middle ear infections.

People who smoke or are near smoke are more likely to have an ear infection.

swimmer's ear

People who spend a lot of time in the water are at risk of developing outer ear infections. The water that enters the ear canal after swimming creates an ideal breeding ground for germs.

Ear infections can go away on their own in many cases, so mild ear pain is nothing to worry about. If the symptoms do not go away within 3 days and new symptoms appear, such as fever, a doctor should be consulted.

Diagnosis of ear infections in adults

To make a correct diagnosis, the doctor must ask about the symptoms, as well as the drugs that the patient is taking. The doctor usually uses an instrument called an otoscope to look at the eardrum and ear canal for signs of infection.

Treatment of ear infections in adults

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the infection, as well as other health problems a person may have. Antibiotics are ineffective for ear infections caused by viruses. Ear drops are used to reduce symptoms of pain.

Medications, including acetaminophen (paracetamol) and ibuprofen, help adults with ear infections if they are accompanied by inflammation.

Vasoconstrictors or antihistamines such as pseudoephedrine or diphenhydramine may also relieve some symptoms, especially if they are caused by excess mucus in the Eustachian tubes.

These drugs will help relieve pain, but do not cure the infection.

Using a warm compress for 20 minutes may relieve pain. The compress can be used along with painkillers.

Prevention of ear infections in adults

Some simple steps can help prevent ear infections.

1. Quitting smoking is an important step in preventing upper respiratory and ear infections. Smoking directly reduces the effectiveness of the body's immune system and causes inflammation.
2. The outer ear must be properly cleaned and dried after bathing. Doctors recommend using earplugs to keep water out of your ears.
3. A person should not use cotton swabs or other items to clean their ears, as they can damage the ear canal and eardrum, which can lead to infection.
4. Washing your hands regularly will help prevent the spread of germs that cause ear infections.
5. Treating both seasonal allergies and skin conditions are additional steps in preventing ear infections.

Ear infections in adults can lead to serious consequences, including hearing loss. The infection can also spread to other parts of the body.

Source: https://medicalinsider.ru/terapiya/infekciya-ukha-u-vzroslykh/

Ear diseases - symptoms, treatment

Currently, there are many known diseases of the ears. However, the most common are two: an inflammatory process in the middle or outer ear and sensorineural hearing loss. Accordingly, the symptoms of ear diseases will also be varied.

Otitis media or inflammation of the ear

Otitis is an inflammatory process localized in the ear. The causative agents of infection in ear diseases can be hemolytic streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, as well as fungi and mycobacteria that cause such a serious pathology as ear tuberculosis.

Otitis may be primary. However, it most often occurs as a complication of inflammation in other organs, when the infection penetrates the ear through the bloodstream, lymph.

Such otitis is called secondary. The most likely localization of the primary focus of inflammation are the organs of the nasopharynx.

Often complicated: tonsillitis, scarlet fever, influenza, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, etc. infections.

The risk group includes such patients who in the past had microtrauma of the ears, impaired general or reduced local immunity, allergic predisposition, improper ear hygiene, congenital increased function of the glands of the ear canal, which leads to the occurrence of sulfuric plug.

Patients who have previously received drugs of certain pharmacological groups are also at risk. Most often, when they are used, complications of this kind are caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Microtrauma is understood as a mechanical effect on the ears (shocks, bruises, bites), as well as thermal, chemical, acoustic (long-term or short-term strong sound), vibration, as well as barotrauma that occurs with sudden changes in atmospheric pressure.

In children, various foreign bodies contribute to the occurrence of ear diseases: pebbles, buttons, peas, etc. Often such objects can remain in the ear for several days, and only when otitis occurs, their presence is detected.

In adults, foreign bodies enter the ear more often if hygiene rules are violated. These are fragments of matches, cotton wool, less often - insects.

Ear disease symptoms

The most common symptom in ear diseases is pain. Its intensity is extremely variable: from a slight tingling to an extreme degree of intensity that disturbs the patient's sleep.

The pain can radiate to the eyes, lower jaw, temple, and also cause a diffuse headache on the side of the affected ear. The pain syndrome can sharply increase when walking, swallowing, chewing.

Less common is redness. It is noticeable without examination with inflammation of the outer ear.

With a pronounced inflammatory process in the ear, general infectious symptoms may appear: hyperthermia, weakness, chilling, decreased appetite, general weakness and sleep disturbance.

With otitis media, patients may feel a splash or transfusion of fluid in the ear cavity, especially pronounced when the position of the head changes.

In advanced cases, with diseases of the ears, discharge of a different nature may appear: putrefactive, purulent, bloody, serous.

Ear symptoms can also include:

• hearing loss;
• sensation of noise in the ear;
• autophony (perception of the sound of one's own voice with a blocked ear);
• hearing loss within any frequency;
• deafness;
• dizziness.

An external examination reveals swelling, redness of the outer ear, crusts or small vesicles in the external auditory canal, traces of scratching.

Palpation with pressure on the tragus or mastoid process is often painful.

Treatment of diseases of the ears

For the treatment of inflammatory ear diseases, local antibiotics and antiseptics are prescribed.

With a pronounced violation of the general condition, a far advanced process, and also if otitis media is secondary, systemic antibiotics are prescribed.

The selection of antibiotic therapy should be handled by a specialist.

Fungal diseases of the ears

The causative agents of ear mycoses are more often yeast-like fungi. In many cases, the occurrence of fungal diseases of the ears is a beacon of the fact that there is a certain kind of immunodeficiency in the body.

The most common complaint with ear mycoses is a liquid discharge of white, yellowish, green colors. Patients are concerned about tinnitus, itching, a feeling of ear congestion. Pain syndrome, as a rule, is absent. There may be hearing loss on the affected side, dizziness.

The reasons predisposing to the occurrence of mycosis are similar to the reasons that contribute to the development of otitis media.

For the treatment of fungal diseases of the ears, it is important to determine the species specificity of fungi.

After that, antimycotic drugs are prescribed: amphotericin B, natamycin, itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine.

At the same time, antihistamines should be prescribed, because. many fungi are highly allergenic.

In the treatment of fungal diseases of the ears, it is necessary to cancel antibiotics, as well as conduct immunocorrective and restorative therapy.

Fungal infections are prone to recurrent course, therefore, after clinical cure, repeated mycological studies are recommended.

from the topic of the article:

The information is generalized and is provided for informational purposes only. Seek medical attention at the first sign of illness. Self-medication is dangerous to health!

Source: http://www.neboleem.net/zabolevanija-ushej.php

Symptoms of an ear infection in adults

Although an ear infection is more common in children, it often affects adults as well. In adults, the infection is usually caused by a bacterial or viral illness, such as a cold. It causes symptoms such as ear congestion, temporary hearing loss, ear pain, etc.

Our ear is made up of three main parts - the inner ear, middle ear and outer ear.

It functions in such a way that sound waves pass through the outer ear and reach the middle part (ear canal), and through the vibration channel enter the inner ear.

Various medical conditions can affect a person's hearing, including some ear infections.

Otitis media is the most common ear infection. Also known as a middle ear infection, it causes inflammation of the middle ear.

When bacteria or viruses that cause colds, sore throats, and other respiratory illnesses spread to the middle ear, it results in inflammation.

Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear or external ear infection, is another type of infection that affects adults.

Otitis media infection

The small tear at the back of the eardrum, where three tiny bones pick up vibration and transmit it to the inner ear, is called the middle ear.

This region is connected to the upper respiratory tract through a small channel called the Eustachian tube.

Middle ear infections are classified into two types:

• Acute otitis media - This type usually occurs after a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, such as the flu or a cold, or any other type of respiratory infection.
• Chronic otitis media is a continuation of otitis media that occurs due to damage to the tympanic membrane and usually follows acute otitis media.

Symptoms

– Fever;

- Congestion in the ears;

- Dizziness;

– Temporary hearing loss;

– Pain and itching in the ear;

- Discharge of pus;

- Peeling in the ear;

- Sore throat;

– Indigestion or diarrhea (very rare).

Possible reasons

Fluid from the middle ear enters the throat through the Eustachian tube. When there is a blockage or swelling in this tube, the fluid begins to stagnate in the middle ear.

In this regard, various bacteria and viruses easily get there, as a result, an infection begins.

Later, white blood cells rush to the site of infection to fight infection, and during this process, dead bacteria and dead white cells accumulate, resulting in pus in the middle ear.

Due to the accumulation of this pus, the eardrum and bones of the middle ear can move freely, causing hearing problems. Several causes of swelling and congestion of the Eustachian tube:

– Frequent exposure to fumes or smoke;

- Infections of the upper respiratory tract;

– Allergies;

– Otitis externa or ear infection.

The external visible region of the ear consists of the auricle (the cartilaginous structure of the outer ear), and the external auditory canal.

Its main function is to collect sound energy and direct it to the eardrum, which is part of the middle ear.

An infection in the outer part of the ear is the most common among swimmers, hence the name.

Many times, while swimming, chlorinated water enters the ear, and with it various bacteria and microorganisms that cause infection. In some cases, an infection in the outer ear is caused by inflammation of the external auditory canal.

Symptoms

– Minimal hearing loss; – Enlarged lymph nodes in the throat;

– A slight increase in temperature;

– Itching and peeling of the skin;

- Discharge of pus;

– Feeling of constant pressure and fullness;

– Severe pain that worsens with movement of the earlobe or jaw.

Possible reasons

Otitis externa is caused by fungi or bacteria that enter the ear with moisture. Frequent bathing increases the chances of this infection. Besides swimming, there are various other causes that lead to this type of infection:

- Combing the ear with a fingernail;

– Constant use of headphones or hearing aids;

– Cleaning the ears with sharp objects or an ear swab;

– Allergy to jewelry;

– Excess moisture in the outer ear.

Ear Infection Treatment Options

From the doctor's clinic:

– Antifungal ear drops for fungal infections;

– Acidic ear drops to kill the bacteria causing the infection;

- corticosteroid ear drops to relieve inflammation and swelling;

– Antibiotic ear drops for various bacterial infections;

– Antibiotics in capsules, such as flucloxacillin;

– Pain medications such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, naproxen and codeine (in severe cases);

– Anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation and pain.

In case the above antibiotics do not help to cure the infection, the doctor may suggest a simple operation. This method involves puncturing with a sterilized needle and removing the pus.

Galina Belokon, www.vash-medic.ru

Note: Never attempt this procedure yourself.

Warning: This article is written for informational purposes and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice.

Ear pain during a cold can be sharp, dull, or burning, and it is also characterized by varying degrees of intensity (from mild to very severe). Even in the absence of an infection, the fluid that accumulates in the ear presses against the eardrum, causing swelling and vibration.

If you have ear pain during a cold, you or your child may experience sleep disturbances, fever, and greenish or yellow discharge from the nose. Because a cold, unlike an infection, goes away on its own, ear pain usually goes away with it. However, if your ears hurt, you are still likely to develop otitis media, so you should see your doctor for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Usually the initial cause of ear pain is a cold virus, and then a secondary ear infection develops. Often it occurs suddenly and at the initial stage causes acute pain. The reason is that the sensitive nerve endings of the eardrum are subjected to increased pressure. Ear pain may ease as the eardrum stretches a little.

Other symptoms of ear pain caused by an infection include:

• Loss of appetite - especially pronounced in young children during bottle feeding.
• Middle ear pressure changes when the child swallows and this causes more pain in the ear.
• Irritability.
• Sleep disturbance - occurs because the pain is constant, because the fluid moves during sleep.
• Fever - with an ear infection, the temperature can rise up to 40°C.
• Dizziness - You may feel like you are spinning.
• Ear discharge - A yellow, brownish, or white liquid discharge that is not earwax indicates a perforated eardrum due to an infection.
• Hearing impairment - Fluid buildup not only causes pain in the ears, but also interferes with the normal functioning of the eardrum. The sound signal does not pass to the auditory ossicles of the middle ear and is not transmitted further to the brain.
• Purulent otitis media - with this infection, the symptoms of acute otitis media and ear pain may disappear, but fluid (pus) remains. The accumulated fluid causes temporary and minor hearing loss.

How to diagnose an ear infection?

If otitis media is suspected, the doctor will examine the ear with an otoscope. A healthy eardrum is pinkish-gray and transparent. A sign of infection is ear pain, as well as redness and swelling of the eardrum. The doctor can check for fluid in the middle ear with a pneumatic otoscope by blowing in a small amount of air to cause the eardrum to vibrate.

It will not vibrate properly if fluid has accumulated in the ear. Tympanometry is also used to diagnose ear infections. This test checks for fluid in the middle ear using sound and air pressure (it is not used to assess hearing).

How to treat ear pain due to a cold or infection?

As a rule, infection and pain in the ears are successfully treated. With proper treatment, permanent ear damage or hearing loss is unlikely today. Treatment may include drugs to relieve ear pain and fever, antibiotics for bacterial infections, and/or monitoring for symptoms. Painkillers. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) or ibuprofen relieves ear pain from a cold or fever above 39°C. They usually help as a pain reliever for one to two hours. Remember that ear pain tends to get worse at night.

Antibiotics for ear infections. Antibiotics prescribed by a doctor kill the bacteria that cause the infection. You should not use them for earaches during a cold or conditions caused by a virus. Antibiotics may cause nausea, diarrhea, rash, or thrush. They can also affect how other medicines work, including those you take for ear pain. Myringotomy (ear tubes) to drain fluid.

If fluid remains in the ear for more than three months, or if infections recur frequently, the doctor inserts small metal or plastic tubes through holes in the eardrum. These tubes drain the accumulated fluid. This outpatient procedure, part of the treatment for infection, is usually performed on children under general anesthesia. As a rule, the tubes remain inside for a period of eight to 18 months, and then fall out on their own. In some cases, the doctor may intentionally leave them for a longer period.

What happens if an ear infection is not treated?

Untreated ear pain from a middle ear infection can lead to the following: Otitis media. Scarring of the tympanic membrane. Hearing loss. Mastoiditis (infection of the temporal bone). Meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord). Problems of speech development in children. Facial paralysis. Call your pediatrician right away if: Your child has torticollis (stiff neck). The child quickly gets tired, reacts badly and cannot be comforted.

Call your pediatrician if: Fever or ear pain does not subside within 48 hours of taking antibiotics. Are you worried or have questions. Are there measures to prevent earache from colds and infections? Prevention measures for ear pain exist for both adults and children. Sometimes a change of home environment is enough, but in some cases, surgery will be required (for example, with severe infections).

Discuss the following precautions with your doctor: Protect your baby from colds, especially in the first year of life. Most ear infections are due to the common cold. Ear pain can develop after the flu, so ask your doctor about yearly flu shots.

Most children are vaccinated against pneumococcal disease, which helps prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of the main causes of ear infections. Check with your doctor if you are not sure if your child is vaccinated. As a rule, such a vaccination is done at the age of two years. Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke, which increases the incidence and severity of ear infections.

Watch for allergic reactions. Inflammation caused by allergies contributes to ear pain and infection. Breastfeed your baby for the first 6-12 months of life if possible. The antibodies found in breast milk reduce the risk of ear pain caused by an infection. When artificially feeding, hold the bottle in your hands and the baby at a 45-degree angle. Feeding in a horizontal position can cause formula and other fluids to leak into the Eustachian tubes and cause ear pain.

Do not allow the child to hold the bottle himself, milk can get into the middle ear. To solve these problems, the baby should be weaned from the bottle between the ages of 9 and 12 months. Pay attention to your breath. If the child breathes through his mouth or snores / sniffles - this may be a sign of enlarged adenoids. They also influence the development of ear infections and ear pain. You may need to see an otolaryngologist or even have surgery to remove your adenoids (adenotomy).

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There is nothing more painful than an earache. One of the causes of pain is ear infections. This pain can range from dull to sharp throbbing pain. The presence of an ear infection does not allow you to concentrate, a headache occurs, hearing may be impaired, nausea may appear. With an ear infection, fluid builds up in the ear, fever can occur, and sleep can be disturbed.

Causes of an ear infection

The main cause of ear pain associated with infections is a bacterial or viral infection that affects the middle ear. Such infections can be acute or chronic. Acute infections are very painful. Chronic infection can lead to irreversible damage to the middle and inner ear.

Ear infections occur when the Eustachian tubes become blocked, swollen, and fluid begins to accumulate in the middle ear. The Eustachian tubes are small tubes that run from the ear to the back of the throat.

The blockage may be due to:

• Allergy;
• Cold;
• Nasal congestion;
• excess mucus;
• tobacco smoking;
• Infected and inflamed adenoids.

Although most often ear infections occur in young children, since the Eustachian tube is short and narrow. Formula-fed children are more susceptible to ear infections. But infections can also occur in adults. The main risk factors for an ear infection are:

• Changing of the climate;
• Rise to a height above sea level;
• exposure to cigarette smoke;
• illness or infection;
• Nipple sucking.

Symptoms of an ear infection

The most common symptoms are:

moderate pain or discomfort in the ear area;

Pressure remaining inside the ear;

Anxiety of a small child;

Outflow of pus;

Hearing loss.

These symptoms may persist or pass, occur in one ear or both. Symptoms of a chronic infection may be less noticeable than acute ones. If an ear infection occurs in a child 6 months of age or younger who has a fever, it is imperative to see a doctor.

Most ear infections can be treated without medical intervention. The following methods are most effective:

Put a warm cloth on the sore ear;

Buy prescription pain relievers such as ibuprofen;

Instill anesthetic ear drops;

Instill decongestant drops.

If symptoms do not improve or worsen, you should definitely consult a doctor. The doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment. For children under the age of two, most doctors prescribe antibiotics.

Surgery may be needed if the condition does not improve or if there have been multiple ear infections in a row. In some cases, the doctor may suggest removal of the adenoids.

Home remedies for ear pain

There are enough home remedies to help relieve or relieve ear pain associated with an infection.

Garlic has powerful antimicrobial and analgesic properties. Garlic can be used to treat ear pain in a variety of ways.

The first is to make garlic butter. To do this, take two cloves of garlic, chop and mix with two tablespoons of mustard oil. Heat the mixture until it is almost black in color. Drop warm oil into your ear.

The second way is to boil 2 cloves of garlic in water for about 5 minutes. Then mash the cloves and add a little salt. Wrap this mixture in a clean bandage, folded several times and put it in a sore ear.

For chronic infections in the ear, you can eat a few cloves of garlic every day as a preventive measure. This will boost your immunity and speed up healing.

Onions, like garlic, are used to treat many diseases. Onions contain flavonoids, in particular quercetin. It has both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which will help reduce the pain in an inflamed ear.

Bake the onion in the oven for about 15 minutes at a temperature of 200-220 degrees.

Cool it cut in half and squeeze the juice out of it into a small bowl. Strain through a few layers of cheesecloth or paper towel to keep the onion particles out.

If the temperature of the juice is comfortable, pipette a few drops into the affected ear. Turn your head in the opposite direction so that the juice does not flow out.

Then turn your head in the direction from which the sore ear, so that all the juice flows out. Wipe your ear. Repeat drip several times a day.

Olive oil

When the Eustachian tubes are blocked, this can be removed with olive oil. Heat a small amount of oil and drip into the affected ear. The oil will soften the cork and can be easily removed with a Q-tip. It is not necessary to insert the wand too deeply into the ear, so as not to damage the eardrum.

Radishes are often recommended for constipation, high blood pressure, and dehydration. You can use it for an ear infection. To do this, mix a teaspoon of chopped radish with 2 tablespoons of mustard oil. Warm up for about 10 minutes.

Strain to separate the radishes and pour the oil into a clean bottle. Drip 2-3 drops into the affected ear for quick relief.

Apple vinegar

Apple cider vinegar has many health benefits, including antibacterial and antifungal properties. Vinegar is often used to treat various fungal and yeast bacteria. It can also be used to treat ear infections.

Before use, you need to mix apple cider vinegar with water in equal proportions. Dip a twisted cotton turunda and place it in the ear. Leave for approximately 5 minutes. Then take it out and lie on your side so that the remaining vinegar flows out of the ear. Then dry your ear with a warm hair dryer.

If you don't have apple cider vinegar, you can use regular table vinegar. Just keep in mind that the concentration of such vinegar is higher than that of apple cider vinegar.

Salt is in every home and, as a rule, there is always a pack in stock. Pour about a cup of salt (or a glass) and heat it on the stove in a dry frying pan. Then pour the salt into a clean cotton napkin and tie off. Apply to the affected ear and hold for about 10 minutes. Apply salt for several days until the pain subsides. Salt can draw fluid out of the ear and provide relief from pain.

Basil is not only a fragrant spice. It also has medicinal properties. It is high in antioxidants and has powerful antibacterial properties. Crush 5-6 fresh basil leaves to extract the juice. Put this juice in your ear.

You can mix basil oil with coconut oil and, after soaking a cotton swab, gently clean the inside and outside of the ear.

Ginger root is famous for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. To do this, squeeze the juice from the root and drip into the ear. Alternatively, you can moisten a cotton swab and put it in the affected ear.

You can make the oil by mixing a teaspoon of grated ginger root with 2 tablespoons of olive oil. Warm up for about 10 minutes and filter. Bury a few drops.

Mullein is a plant with soft velvety leaves and has healing properties. Extracts in oil or vodka are often made from mullein flowers. They are also brewed like tea. Such extracts of mullein are often used in the treatment of coughs and respiratory diseases.

The flowers of the plant have analgesic properties and help relieve pain. And anti-inflammatory properties - reduce inflammation.

To use this herb to treat an ear infection, soak a cotton swab in mullein oil and place it in the infected ear. Leave for 5-10 minutes. Repeat the mullein treatment until the pain subsides.

You can mix a few drops of mullein oil with garlic oil and put a few drops in your ear.

Tea tree oil

Tea tree oil is known to everyone for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral properties.

All these properties of the oil allow it to be used to treat a sore ear. Add a few drops of tea tree oil to a tablespoon of olive oil. Warm up a little and drip a few drops into the ear. Tilt your head to the side for 3-4 minutes and then turn it back to let the oil flow out. Do this every day until the pain subsides.

Peppermint Oil

Peppermint has strong analgesic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. When treating the ear, you can use fresh juice of mint leaves or dilute the essential oil and drop 2-3 drops into the affected ear. In addition, oil can be wiped near the ear and ear canal.

Hydrogen peroxide

Peroxide treats scratches, wounds, cuts. When hydrogen peroxide is used in the ear, it can loosen the plug and make it easier for fluid that has accumulated in the ear to drain. To do this, mix 3% hydrogen peroxide with the same amount of water. Moisten a cotton swab and, tilting your head to the side, squeeze the liquid into your ear.

After instillation of peroxide, there will be a slight tingling sensation. This is fine. Hold it for about 10 minutes and wipe your ear. Repeat several times a day.

warm water

A warm water bottle can also help relieve pain. To do this, pour hot water into the bottle and wrap it in a terry towel. Apply to the affected ear. The heat from the water will help soothe the pain.

In addition to these home remedies, you can use to relieve pain and treat an ear infection:

Linseed oil with garlic;

Sesame oil;

Herbal teas, especially with mint;

Diluted eucalyptus oil.

How to Prevent Ear Infections

As you know, prevention is better than cure. So take note of these tips.

Dry your ears well after showering.

Wear a scarf or other head covering in cold weather.

Chew gum if you go on an excursion to the mountains or fly by plane.

Lubricate your ears with oil before bathing.

Drink plenty of water and cut down on dairy products.

Avoid foods with a lot of sugar.

Eat plenty of fresh vegetables, especially greens.

Stop smoking and drinking alcohol.

Wash your hands often.

If possible, it is better not to accustom the child to a pacifier or nipple.

Breastfeed your baby.

As home remedies for treating ear infections have not been good, it's still best to consult your doctor. Especially if such pain has become chronic.

What folk remedies can be used for otitis media, see this video

Although an ear infection is more common in children, it often affects adults as well. In adults, the infection is usually caused by a bacterial or viral illness, such as a cold. It causes symptoms such as ear congestion, temporary hearing loss, ear pain, etc.

Our ear is made up of three main parts - the inner ear, middle ear and outer ear. It functions in such a way that sound waves pass through the outer ear and reach the middle part (ear canal), and through the vibration channel enter the inner ear. Various medical conditions can affect a person's hearing, including some ear infections.

Otitis media is the most common ear infection. Also known as a middle ear infection, it causes inflammation of the middle ear. When bacteria or viruses that cause colds, sore throats, and other respiratory illnesses spread to the middle ear, it results in inflammation. Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear or external ear infection, is another type of infection that affects adults.

Otitis - middle ear infection

The small tear at the back of the eardrum, where three tiny bones pick up vibration and transmit it to the inner ear, is called the middle ear. This region is connected to the upper respiratory tract through a small channel called the Eustachian tube. Middle ear infections are classified into two types:

• Acute otitis media - This type usually occurs after a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, such as the flu or a cold, or any other type of respiratory infection.
• Chronic otitis media is a continuation of otitis media that occurs due to damage to the tympanic membrane and usually follows acute otitis media.

Symptoms

Fever;

Ear congestion;

Dizziness;

temporary hearing loss;

Pain and itching in the ear;

Discharge of pus;

peeling in the ear;

Sore throat;

Indigestion or diarrhea (very rare).

Possible reasons

Fluid from the middle ear enters the throat through the Eustachian tube. When there is a blockage or swelling in this tube, the fluid begins to stagnate in the middle ear. In this regard, various bacteria and viruses easily get there, as a result, an infection begins. Later, white blood cells rush to the site of infection to fight infection, and during this process, dead bacteria and dead white cells accumulate, resulting in pus in the middle ear. Due to the accumulation of this pus, the eardrum and bones of the middle ear can move freely, causing hearing problems. Several causes of swelling and congestion of the Eustachian tube:

Frequent exposure to fumes or smoke;

upper respiratory infections;

allergies;

Otitis externa or ear infection.

The external visible region of the ear consists of the auricle (the cartilaginous structure of the outer ear), and the external auditory canal. Its main function is to collect sound energy and direct it to the eardrum, which is part of the middle ear. An infection in the outer part of the ear is the most common among swimmers, hence the name. Many times, while swimming, chlorinated water enters the ear, and with it various bacteria and microorganisms that cause infection. In some cases, an infection in the outer ear is caused by inflammation of the external auditory canal.

Symptoms

Minimal hearing loss;

Enlarged lymph nodes in the throat;

A slight increase in temperature;

Itching and peeling of the skin;

Discharge of pus;

Feeling of constant pressure and fullness;

Severe pain that worsens with movement of the earlobe or jaw.

Possible reasons

Otitis externa is caused by fungi or bacteria that enter the ear with moisture. Frequent bathing increases the chances of this infection. Besides swimming, there are various other causes that lead to this type of infection:

Combing the ear with a fingernail;

Constant use of headphones or hearing aids;

Cleaning the ears with sharp objects or an ear swab;

Allergy to jewelry;

Excess moisture in the outer ear.

Ear Infection Treatment Options

From the doctor's clinic:

Antifungal ear drops for fungal infections;

Acidic ear drops to kill the bacteria causing the infection

Corticosteroid ear drops to relieve inflammation and swelling;

Antibiotic ear drops for various bacterial infections;

Capsule antibiotics such as flucloxacillin;

Pain medications such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, naproxen, and codeine (in severe cases);

Anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation and pain.

In case the above antibiotics do not help to cure the infection, the doctor may suggest a simple operation. This method involves puncturing with a sterilized needle and removing the pus.

Note: Never attempt this procedure yourself.

Warning: This article is written for informational purposes and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice.

An appointment with a doctor is absolutely free. Find the right specialist and make an appointment!

The ear is a complex organ that allows people to hear and is responsible for the sense of balance. Ear diseases bring a lot of problems in the form of pain, discomfort or hearing loss. Proper diagnosis early in the disease is critical to preventing complications.

The occurrence of hearing problems has a different origin, which include:

1. Genetic diseases.
2. Infections are bacteria or viruses. Most often it is a consequence of another disease: colds, flu or allergies. The most common cause of ear diseases.
3. Injuries due to external influences: loud sound, ingress of a foreign object, damage to the head, or improper cleaning of the ear from wax.
4. Anomaly of development. Toxic effects of alcohol, drugs, chemicals on the fetus in the womb or past infections.

In children

Children are more susceptible to ear infections than adults due to their Eustachian tubes and underdeveloped immune systems. In young children, the tube is shorter, wider and at a different angle. The middle ear connects to the back of the nasopharynx in a tube, and its location provides easy access for germs. This causes fluid buildup, pressure, painful infections, and hearing loss.

Toddlers with permanent and temporary hearing loss may experience speech delays and lags in social skills.

Babies who only consume infant formula are more likely to get sick than those who are breastfed. If possible, you should breastfeed your baby for at least the first 6 months, as breast milk contains antibodies that protect the body from viruses.

Symptoms of ear disease in children:

• tugging or scratching the ear;
• sleep problems;
• irritability;
• does not respond to sounds;
• loss of appetite;
• excretion of pus.

In an adult

In adults, ear problems are much less common than in children. However, unlike childhood infections, which are most often mild and resolve quickly, adult infections often result from more complex health problems.

Localization of the disease

The ear is a system divided into 3 functional parts, each of which performs certain tasks.

The ear is made up of:

1. Internal, which is located in the cavity of the temporal bone and consists of a bone labyrinth with a membranous layer. Consists of the cochlea, which is responsible for hearing, the auditory nerve, which transmits signals from the cochlea to the brain, and the semicircular ear canals, which are responsible for the vestibular apparatus, which regulates human balance.
2. The middle consists of the tympanic membrane and an air-filled cavity containing 3 auditory bones that connect the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. Acts as a sound amplifier.
3. The outer one is the auricle. Protects the inner and middle ear and localizes sound.

Diseases of the inner ear

Disorders associated with the inner ear are considered the most complex due to the fact that it contains the vestibular apparatus. It is located deep in the temporal part of the head, so it can be difficult to recognize the symptoms of the disease. Problems arising in this department, more often than others, lead to hearing loss and disability of the patient.

Inner ear diseases such as:

• Meniere's disease;
• otitis media;
• otosclerosis;
• hearing loss.

Middle ear problems are considered the most common. They are especially common in children due to the incompletely formed Eustachian tube. The bulk of the causes of diseases of this part of the ear falls on such inflammatory pathologies as:

• sinusitis;
• otitis;
• mastoiditis;
• eustachitis.

Due to the proximity to the shell, inflammatory processes can move further, causing diseases of the meninges and the brain itself.

Diseases of the outer ear

• otomycosis;
• diffuse and external otitis;
• anomalies in the development of the auricle;
• injury.

Classification of the type of diseases

Ear diseases according to the nature of the course can be:

• inflammatory;
• non-inflammatory;
• fungal;
• traumatic.

Non-inflammatory

Non-inflammatory diseases occur without the formation of pus and inflammation. Such diseases include Meniere's disease and neuritis of the auditory nerve.

Inflammatory

Inflammatory diseases are characterized by the presence of inflammation due to a viral or bacterial infection entering the ear cavity. Such diseases include otitis, eustachitis, mastoiditis, labyrinthitis.

fungal

Otomycosis affects people who stay in humid and warm conditions for a long time, and those who work in rooms with a high level of dust or do not follow the rules of hygiene.

A fungal infection is manifested in the initial stages by itching and pain, and then by the appearance of pus. Symptoms are accompanied by hearing problems and a feeling of pressure in the ear. Treatment may require the use of an antifungal drug or an ear canal cleaner.

Traumatic lesions

Hearing problems can occur not only due to infections, but also due to increased pressure or mechanical damage. There are many types. These include barotrauma (injuries due to changes in pressure in the ear), foreign bodies, head injuries, damage to the membrane with a cotton swab.

Treatment depends on the type of injury and its location. The most severe are injuries to the middle and inner ear.

Dangerous Complications

It is important to consult a doctor at the first symptoms of malaise. Even a mild form of the disease in a neglected state causes severe complications, up to complete hearing loss or death.

Major diseases

deaf mute

Deaf-mutism is called the absence of hearing and violations of the vocal apparatus. It can be congenital or acquired. Reasons for the development of deafness:

• genetic predisposition;
• chickenpox;
• cytomegalovirus;
• mumps;
• meningitis;
• AIDS;
• syphilis;.
• Lyme disease;
• diabetes;
• tuberculosis;
• injury.

This is the most severe type of ear disease. The main method of treatment is to help a person to adapt to the changed conditions of life. Hearing aids are used for people with mild to moderate hearing loss. Children with congenital hearing loss undergo a special training course in sign language.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and cavities that produce the mucus needed for the nasal passages. May be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi or allergies. Common symptoms include thick nasal mucus, stuffy nose, fever, headache, sore throat and cough. Sinusitis is not an ear disease, but it can cause pain in it.

Types of sinusitis:

1. Sinusitis - inflammation of the maxillary sinuses.
2. Ethmoiditis affects the walls of the ethmoid labyrinth. Most common in scarlet fever.
3. Frontitis - inflammation of the frontal paranasal sinus. The most severe type of sinusitis.

In the treatment, antiseptic drugs, nasal drops, antibiotics are prescribed. In the case of acute sinusitis, sinus punctures are used.

Eustachitis

Eustachitis is an inflammatory process localized in the Eustachian tube. Symptoms are a feeling of congestion, hearing loss, tinnitus. It occurs as a result of chronic diseases and due to anatomical disorders (curvature of the nasal septum, rhinitis, sinusitis, rhinopharyngitis, adenoids, polyps, sinusitis).

Most often, children suffer from it. It is much less common in adults. fraught with the development of hearing loss.

In the treatment of this disease, it is necessary to remove the puffiness and eliminate the causes. Laser therapy, UHF therapy, microwave therapy are used.

mastoiditis

Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the antrum and mastoid cells. Symptoms include earache, fever, headache, redness, and swelling in the mastoid area.

With timely access to a doctor, mastoiditis is easily treated. Therapy consists of taking antibiotics. Lack of treatment leads to paralysis of the facial nerve and the development of hearing loss.

Meniere's disease

Meniere's disease is a non-inflammatory disease of the inner ear characterized by an increase in intralabyrinthine pressure.

Symptoms:

• dizziness;
• noise in ears;
• progressive deafness;
• imbalance;
• nausea, vomiting;
• sweating;
• lowering blood pressure.

• pain;
• inflammation;
• edema;
• redness;
• peeling of the skin;
• tinnitus;
• discharge;
• hearing problems;

Treatment includes cleaning the ears and taking antifungal medications.

Otosclerosis

Otosclerosis is called the growth of the bony labyrinth, which leads to deterioration or complete loss of hearing. Sound cannot travel from the middle ear to the inner ear. The causes of the appearance may be hereditary predisposition, hormonal disorders due to menopause or pregnancy. More commonly seen in women than in men.

Symptoms:

• dizziness;
• noise in ears;
• violation of coordination of movement;
• a person ceases to distinguish between low-frequency sounds, whispers.

Treatment consists of the use of hearing aids or stapedoplasty (prosthetics of the stapedial bone).

Otogenic sepsis

Otogenic sepsis is an inflammatory disease caused by staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic streptococcus. Occurs as a complication of chronic (rarely acute) purulent otitis media. It is characterized by the penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the bloodstream. In the initial stages, it is sometimes confused with mastoiditis.

Symptoms:

• chills;
• soreness behind the mastoid process;
• fever;
• excessive sweating;
• yellowish skin color;
• temperature increase;
• skin rashes;
• enlargement of the liver and spleen.

Among all diseases associated with the ears, the mortality rate in otogenic sepsis is the highest. If this disease is detected, urgent hospitalization is necessary. During treatment, dead tissue is removed, pus is cleansed and the affected area is disinfected. High doses of antibiotics and sulfonamides are also prescribed. In addition to drug treatment, the patient must follow the prescribed diet.

Earwax is a mixture of the secretion of the sebaceous glands and the epithelium. Sometimes there is a sulfur plug - an accumulation of earwax that blocks the external auditory canal, which becomes dense over time. There are several reasons for the appearance of sulfur plug: increased function of the sebaceous glands, otitis media, otomycosis, foreign body entry into the auditory canal. Sulfur plug is characterized by symptoms such as:

• a feeling of congestion;
• hearing loss;
• dizziness;
• own voice is heard as an echo.

With a long stay of the sulfuric plug, the patient begins to feel pain. With a neglected form, diseases such as otitis or myringitis can occur. Do not remove the wax plug yourself - this can lead to injury or infection of the auditory canal. Upon examination, the doctor (in the absence of disorders or inflammation of the ear) will remove the plug and disinfect the ear canal.

hearing loss

Hearing loss is caused by a variety of factors, including genetic predisposition, aging, noise exposure, infection, birth complications, ear injury, and toxic substance poisoning. Infections such as syphilis and rubella during pregnancy can cause hearing loss in the baby.

The degree of hearing loss ranges from mild hearing loss to complete deafness. Most often occurs in older people.

There are 3 main types of hearing loss: sensorineural, conductive, and mixed:

1. Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by the death of hair cells, which prevents mechanical vibrations from being converted into electrical impulses. Other factors of occurrence are damage to the ear nerve, Meniere's disease and infectious diseases (measles, meningitis, AIDS). Implants and hearing aids are used for treatment.
2. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound signals are not transmitted. The causes may be injuries, tumors, otitis media, sulfur plugs. Conductive hearing loss is often temporary. Treatment includes surgery (removing an obstruction that blocks sound), implants, hearing aids, and medication.
3. occurs with the simultaneous influence of factors that cause neurosensory and conductive hearing loss. In this case, the treatment methods are strictly individual.

Ear injury

Ear injuries are mechanical damage to the ear.

Symptoms in sick people vary depending on the type of disease. The surest sign of the presence of the disease is the appearance of pain in the ear, which can then be given to the head and jaw. Severe illnesses are characterized by severe shooting pain.

In inflammatory processes, there is a feeling of congestion, weakness, fever, discharge from the ear.

General symptoms:

• pain;
• hearing loss;
• dizziness;

Important! For any of the above symptoms, you should consult a doctor and start treatment.

Which doctor to contact

Depending on the problem faced by the patient, there are several categories of doctors specializing in ear diseases:

1. An otolaryngologist diagnoses and treats pathologies of the ear, throat, and nose.
2. An audiologist diagnoses hearing loss.
3. An otoneurologist specializes in violations of the functions of the vestibular apparatus.

Methods for diagnosing ear diseases

To compile a complete picture of the disease, the following research methods are carried out:

1. Otoscopy is the examination of the ear canal and eardrum with a tube.
2. Ultrasound reveals the presence of ear tumors and the focus of infection.
3. X-ray shows mixing and growth of bones.
4. Analyzes: biochemical blood test, analysis for otomycosis.
5. Tympanometry - measurement of ear canal volume and pressure.
6. CT scan.
7. Palpation.

Types of treatment

Treatment is based on the diagnosis. With surgical treatment, there are risks of complications that the patient must take into account. There are a large number of operations that are necessary to prevent deterioration or to improve hearing. Operation types:

1. Myringoplasty is aimed at eliminating defects of the tympanic membrane.
2. Tympanoplasty is an operation to restore the normal position of the bones of the middle ear.
3. Mastoidectomy - removal of pus and granulations from the mastoid process.

Physiotherapy

The safest treatment option. Often . Its purpose is to relieve inflammation, swelling. Apply electrophoresis, UV therapy, ultrasound therapy.

Medicines

The drug method includes taking anesthetics, antibiotics, ear drops, antiseptics. In case of severe malaise or pain, you should not self-medicate, you should immediately consult a doctor.

ethnoscience

It is worth turning to traditional medicine only in the case of easily occurring inflammatory diseases. You can apply the following methods:

1. Compress from infusion of chamomile, oak bark, sweet clover.
2. Bury 2-3 drops of boric acid at night.
3. Mash the garlic, wrap in gauze and use as a compress for 20 minutes.
4. Drip 2 drops of eucalyptus oil.

Complications caused by diseases

The consequences of ear diseases include:

• deafness
• paralysis of the facial nerve;
• the appearance of tumors;
• hearing loss;
• penetration of infection into the membrane of the brain;
• complication of ear pathologies;
• sepsis of the brain;
• meningitis.

Ignoring the symptoms of the disease can affect a person's health, lifestyle, or lead to death. At the first symptoms of ear diseases, you need to go to the doctor and not self-medicate.

Preventive measures

Ear Disease Prevention Tips:

• do not swim in open water without a special cap;
• do not clean the ear canal with hard, sharp objects;
• wear a hat that covers the ears in the cold season;
• less use of headphones;
• eliminate loud sound effects;
• avoid hypothermia;
• live a healthy life;
• observe personal hygiene;
• visit a doctor regularly.

It is important to carry out hardening procedures along with prevention. Suitable for swimming or skiing. Cotton swabs should be used with caution, as they can damage the membrane. It is worth visiting the dentist regularly - diseases of the oral cavity can cause inflammation in the ear.