Camphor oil or turpentine ointment. Turpentine ointment - indications and instructions for use for children and adults with coughs and colds

Turpentine ointment is made from turpentine (turpentine). This substance is extracted from coniferous resins. Turpentine essential oil is actively used for cosmetic and medical purposes. Turpentine ointment has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. It is endowed with a pleasant coniferous smell. The drug has a beneficial effect on the nervous system.

The drug has an analgesic effect. The drug accelerates blood flow to tissues, improves blood microcirculation. It is endowed with mucolytic and expectorant properties. Turpentine ointment is excellent for coughing and is used to treat children.

There are certain indications and contraindications for the use of turpentine ointment. The medicine is actively used for rubbing. The medication helps at an early stage of acute respiratory viral diseases. The remedy relieves the symptoms of sciatica, rheumatism.

Turpentine ointment is also used in the treatment of the following diseases:

• Arthralgia;
• Neuralgia;
• Myalgia.

Contraindications to the appointment of turpentine ointment

Turpentine ointment during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended. This is due to the fact that no relevant clinical studies have been conducted. There is no information on the penetration of the active substances of the drug through the placental barrier.

A patient with a pronounced tendency to allergies may experience the following side effects when applying the drug to the skin:

• Burning;
• Puffiness of the skin;
• Arrhythmia.

Turpentine ointment is not used to treat children under two years of age. If the patient has diseases of the liver and kidneys, the use of the drug should be abandoned.

It is necessary to avoid getting the medicine in the eyes.

Scheme of using the remedy if the patient has pathologies of the musculoskeletal system

If the patient has arthritis or rheumatism, turpentine ointment is allowed to be used in combination with other painkillers. The tool reduces the inflammatory process and helps to eliminate pain.

With sports injuries or muscle strain, turpentine ointment is recommended to be used throughout the entire rehabilitation period. The tool improves blood circulation, relieves pain.

In the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the agent is applied to the affected area 2-3 times a day. From above impose a bandage from natural materials: cotton or wool.

Patients suffering from rheumatism or sciatica are advised to use turpentine ointment for massage at home. The procedure helps to relax muscles, improve the condition of bone and cartilage tissue.

How to use cough medicine?

With a cold, you can apply ointment to the following areas of the body:

1. Anterior surface of the chest. In this case, it is necessary to avoid the zone in which the heart is located;
2. Back between the shoulder blades;
3. Feet.

The frequency of use of the drug varies from one to three times a day. The duration of the therapeutic course in most cases is 5 days. If necessary, treatment is continued.

The drug must be rubbed into the skin with smooth movements. It is applied in a thin layer (no more than 3 cm thick).

Tips to follow when treating cough in children

The drug is forbidden to prescribe to children under two, since the likelihood of spasm of the respiratory tract in this category of patients is quite high.

In order to minimize the risk of adverse complications when using a therapeutic ointment, the following recommendations should be followed:

• Before applying the medication to the affected area, it is recommended to mix it with baby cream in equal proportions;
• Before using the drug, you can conduct an appropriate test. To do this, a small amount of the drug is applied to the body. If redness or swelling appears on the treated area, further use of the drug is impossible. If a severe allergic reaction occurs, thoroughly rinse the child's skin with water and give him a medicine that has antihistamine properties.

In the absence of an allergic reaction, you can mix the medicinal ointment with honey or badger fat instead of baby cream.

Before using the drug in the treatment of cough in children, you should consult a doctor.

Medication analogues

On sale there are medicines with a warming effect. They differ from turpentine ointment in composition. In analogues of the drug, the following components are present:

1. Pepper;

Medicines containing the listed ingredients are used to prevent and treat inflammatory diseases of muscles and joints.

These medicines are used before physical training. They increase the mobility of muscles, make them more elastic.

Turpentine ointment is a very popular remedy among the people, which has long confirmed its effectiveness in coughing. It is often used to rub children.

Parents need to know at what age, in what cases the drug can be used, how to do it correctly.

Detailed instructions for the use of turpentine ointment for children can be found in our material.

Can it be used for babies

Turpentine ointment can be used even for children. According to the instructions, the drug is contraindicated in children under 2-3 years old. However, no in-depth research has been conducted on this matter, rather, pharmacists have decided to play it safe. Often, the remedy is prescribed to younger patients, as it is considered safer and more effective than other medicines.

The decision on the advisability of prescribing this remedy should be made by the doctor. Sometimes it is better to replace it in other ways. Although it is considered relatively safe.

Composition, release form

The medication is a white ointment, produced in jars or tubes. Containers can have a volume of 25, 30, 50 grams.

The main active ingredient in the composition is gum turpentine, which contains 20 g per 100 g of the product. Of the excipients, there are petroleum jelly, purified water and T-2 emulsifier.

Properties of the drug, the effect on the body

The main active ingredient in the composition - turpentine or turpentine oil - freely penetrates into the layers of the skin and begins to act as intended.

It has a direct effect on nerve endings, providing a local irritating, warming effect. This activity promotes the release of certain components that have a local anesthetic effect.

When applying the ointment, it acts in two directions: locally on the treated area and from the internal organs due to the stimulation of blood circulation and the effect on the nervous system.

The active ingredient has an antiseptic, warming, anti-inflammatory effect. The tool helps to eliminate the symptoms of colds, flu, effectively relieves coughing attacks with bronchitis, laryngitis.

The drug is known for helping relieve attacks of acute inflammation immediately after its use.

Indications and contraindications

Turpentine ointment is used for the treatment of cough in colds or diseases of the respiratory system. It is often recommended to prevent the development of inflammation.

Therefore, the medication will be effective not only during the period of activation of respiratory diseases. It will also help prevent various complications.

But you need to take into account the existing contraindications, especially in the case of young children whose body is not yet strong. You can not apply ointment with an allergic reaction, the presence of wounds, scratches, cracks and other damage on the baby's chest.

Contraindications:

The most common contraindication is the age of less than two years. In this case, the drug can increase blood pressure, provoke a lack of oxygen.

But the decision to prescribe the remedy in any case should be made by the doctor.

Terms of use

Most often turpentine ointment used to fight cough. The drug is applied in a thin layer to the child's feet and bronchial area, avoiding the heart area, nipples and their halos.

After application, the composition should be kept for at least two hours. The best option is to apply it at night once a day, keep it all night.

The course of treatment is up to seven days (usually 2-3 days). If you apply the composition for several hours, then after the procedure the baby should not go outside, drink cold drinks.

Turpentine ointment is used. But caution is important here. When used correctly, the composition effectively kills lice and their larvae, helps dissolve the glue of nits, which allows you to completely get rid of pediculosis. There are many more remedies for pediculosis - a list with a description.

But with careless use, you can severely damage the scalp. A small amount of ointment is applied to the hair roots, then the head is wrapped in cellophane.

You need to keep the product no more than half an hour. Then the hair is thoroughly combed, the head is washed with regular shampoo.

How to use for cough

Features of the use of turpentine ointment for children with cough:

• A thin layer of the composition is applied to the back and chest.
• After applying, dress the child in warm clothes made from natural materials, preferably in cotton pajamas, put him under the covers.
• Be sure to monitor your baby's body temperature. Postpone the use of the remedy if it has risen above 37 degrees.
• For sensitive skin, it is recommended to mix the ointment with baby cream.
• The agent is not washed off. It is best to leave it overnight. Be sure to keep your child away from cold air or air conditioning.

When applying the composition, you need to pay attention to the well-being of the child. If during the procedure he complains of itching, burning, wash off the preparation with plenty of water.

When will the result

The effectiveness of the ointment manifests itself on the second day of therapy. The course of treatment should not be more than seven days. If during this time the effect is not achieved, further therapy will not give a result.

If the remedy does not help, consult a specialist. He will tell you how to replace or supplement it.

In the articles of our portal you will find detailed instructions for the use of such ointments:

Side effects, overdose and interactions

The drug rarely causes side effects. Unlike crude turpentine, which is used in industry, it is not toxic.

However, with individual intolerance to the components of the drug, especially the active substance, allergic reactions are possible, which make themselves felt by swelling, rash, itching on the skin.

In rare cases it is possible pressure drop, suffocation, heart palpitations. If side effects appear, you need to consult a doctor and replace the remedy with another one.

With an overdose of the drug, redness, burning, itching are also possible. You need to stop using the ointment and consult a doctor.

The official instructions for the ointment do not indicate drugs with which it cannot be used together.

Cost in Russia

The average price of the drug is 13-19 rubles per jar of 25 grams.

The drug can be bought at any pharmacy. It is released without a prescription.

Be sure to monitor the condition of the baby so that the ointment does not cause him any unpleasant symptoms. Store the product in a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 15 degrees.

Under these conditions, the shelf life of the drug will be two years.

If the ointment provoked a burning sensation in the child, other negative reactions, immediately wash it off with warm water.

You can use the fat of a badger, bear, goose, goat, cow. To add fat to the ointment, it is first melted in a steam bath (although some types melt at room temperature).

Thanks to the use of the ointment along with fat at the beginning of the development of the disease, its progression in the future can be prevented.

Turpentine ointment is a fairly effective remedy that can be used for children. However, you should still use it only as directed by your doctor.

In contact with

main physical and chemical properties: white ointment with a yellowish tinge and the smell of turpentine;

active substance: 1 g of ointment contains 0.2 g of purified turpentine oil; Excipients: vaseline, purified water, emulsifier T-2.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Means that are applied topically for joint and muscle pain.

pharmacological properties. Turpentine ointment has a distracting, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and analgesic effect. The distracting effect is associated with the ability to penetrate the epidermis and cause reflex changes due to irritation of skin receptors. A certain role is also played by the release of biologically active substances from the skin, in particular histamine.

Indications for use

Turpentine ointment is used for neuralgia, myositis, arthritis, rheumatism.

Oppositerendering

Injuries, open wounds, inflammatory diseases of the skin at the intended site of application.

Turpentine ointment is contraindicated in severe kidney and liver diseases, skin diseases of various origins, hypersensitivity to the drug.

Interaction with otherschemical medicines

Precautionsti

Do not allow the ointment to get on the mucous membranes and in the eyes! If the ointment accidentally gets into the eyes, rinse them thoroughly with plenty of running water and seek help from an ophthalmologist.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeedingYu

It is not known whether the drug passes into breast milk and passes through the placental barrier during pregnancy. Therefore, the use of the drug by pregnant women and women who are breastfeeding is not recommended.

The ability to influence the reaction rate when drivingby road andwhether to work with other mechanisms

Does not affect.

Children. There is no experience of using the drug in children. Therefore, the ointment is not recommended for use in children.

Method of application and dosage

In adults, it is used externally for rubbing painful areas 2-3 times a day. The duration of use is determined by the nature of the disease.

Do not apply under an occlusive dressing. If the symptoms do not improve within 3 days, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

Overdose

Not known.

Side effects

Allergic reactions of a local nature (skin itching, swelling, redness of the skin, burning, rash) may appear. The use of the drug should be stopped immediately, carefully remove the remnants of the ointment on the skin with a paper towel and consult a doctor for advice. In some cases, allergic reactions of a generalized nature may appear (suffocation, accelerated heartbeat, lowering blood pressure, dizziness, convulsions, loss of consciousness). In such cases, you should immediately seek medical help.

In case of any unusual reactions, be sure to consult your doctor regarding the further use of the drug.

Turpentine ointment - has an excellent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect when applied topically. It is also often used to treat coughs as an expectorant. Before treatment, it is necessary to understand the exact dosage of the drug and study its side reactions.

Turpentine ointment has unique properties and completely disinfects the wound or damage to which it is applied. The drug has an irritating effect, so it is often used to remove lice. Also, the ointment has an analgesic effect and is suitable for the treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

The composition of the drug includes an active active substance - purified turpentine. It is thanks to him that the ointment easily penetrates the skin and has a therapeutic effect as quickly as possible.

Due to the action of turpentine oil in the composition, the drug immediately affects the nerve endings and relieves pain. Coniferous pine in the preparation has a beneficial effect on the skin.

Doctors noted that at the time of application of the ointment, two reactions begin on the skin. The first comes from the therapeutic effect on the affected area. And the second reaction occurs due to the irritating effect of the composition of the ointment on the skin. Therefore, it must be remembered that the ointment can cause slight inflammation on the body, redness or itching. This is due to the specific composition of Turpentine ointment. With all these adverse reactions, the drug works perfectly and copes with pain symptoms.

Turpentine ointment is often used to treat coughs. This is not accidental, because thanks to the unique components, the drug has a mucolytic and expectorant effect. If you apply the ointment to the chest, the cough will pass in about 3 days.

Indications for the use of ointment

Doctors prescribe Turpentine ointment for complex therapy in such cases:

• The development of neuritis;
• Treatment of rheumatism;
• Severe attacks of myalgia;
• Removal of neuralgia;
• Complex treatment of sciatica;
• Respiratory problems;
• Fight against lice;
• Removal of coughing fits.

Rules for the use of the drug

Turpentine ointment is excellent for diseases in the joints and muscles. For such purposes, it is applied to the painful area and slowly rubbed until completely absorbed. Doctors recommend covering the treated area with a warm bandage for best results.

Also, the drug is great for a strong cough. To do this, turpentine ointment is rubbed into the skin in the chest area for warming up. The medicine can be applied to the heels and soles of the feet for a more powerful cold treatment. After such a procedure, the patient must be warm for a long time. Then the composition of the ointment will work faster. When applying, you need to make sure that the drug does not get on the nipples and on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heart, otherwise it can lead to adverse reactions. If you carry out 2-3 warm-up procedures, then the patient will completely pass even a neglected cough.

Turpentine ointment can be used for children at the time of treating a cold. Doctors recommend mixing the drug in equal proportions with baby cream. Then the baby will not have an allergic reaction and the treatment will be successful. If you use Turpentine Ointment in its pure form, it can cause severe burns on the skin of a child.

Before using Turpentine Ointment, you need to consult a doctor and undergo an examination. Then the doctor will set the therapy individually for the patient and the drug will not cause harm.

Side effects of the drug

Most often, side effects occur with individual intolerance to the composition. Also, complications can arise if the patient has incorrectly applied Turpentine ointment. Most often, you can observe such side reactions:

1. Burning on the skin;
2. The body begins to turn red;
3. There is a slight swelling;
4. red rash;
5. Severe itching in the area of ​​application;
6. Attacks of suffocation;
7. Decrease in pressure in the patient;
8. In rare cases, there is a loss of consciousness;
9. severe convulsions;
10. The heart beats much faster than normal;
11. There is confusion.

If the patient detects the first signs of an allergic reaction or side effects, he should immediately stop using Turpentine Ointment. The attending physician is obliged to replace the drug with another, similar remedy.

Contraindications for use

The instructions for use describe some contraindications that you need to study before use:

• It is not prescribed for problems with the kidneys and liver;
• If the patient has skin diseases;
• scratches, injuries on the body or sores;
• Dangerous ointment at the time of pregnancy;
• Not prescribed for breastfeeding;
• Harmful in case of contact with eyes and mucous membranes;
• Not to be used by children under 2 years of age.

In no case do not use Turpentine ointment for such diagnoses. The composition can cause strong reactions in the body and dangerous complications.

Use of ointment for pregnant women

Now there is no exact data on the effect of the composition of Turpentine ointment on women at the time of pregnancy. Therefore, in order not to risk the health of the baby, doctors forbid the use of this drug. Especially you need to be careful in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Also, you can not apply ointment to the body while breastfeeding. There is evidence that the composition can penetrate into breast milk and enter the body of the baby. This will cause severe allergies and other undesirable consequences. Therefore, if a woman wants to use Turpentine Ointment, she should immediately stop breastfeeding.

Impact on transport management

Studies have shown that Turpentine ointment does not cause problems with the nervous system and the mental state of the patient. Therefore, the drug can be safely used and drive. Also, the medicine will not harm the work, which is accompanied by a high concentration and quick reactions.

Use of ointment for children

The creators of the drug did not conduct studies on this category of patients. Therefore, the effect of the ointment for children is unknown. Doctors recommend to refrain from using the drug for children under 10 years of age and adolescents under 16 years of age. The specific composition can cause a severe allergic reaction and other side effects.

Rules for storing the drug

You need to keep the ointment in a cool room where direct sunlight does not fall. It is important that young children do not have access to the medicine and cannot take it by mouth. The optimum temperature for proper storage is + 25 degrees. Do not freeze the drug or heat it on fire. Otherwise, the properties of the ointment may change and harm the body. Shelf life Turpentine ointment - no more than 2 years. Do not apply the drug to the body if it is expired.

Medicine analogs

If the patient has intolerance to Turpentine Ointment, then the doctor may prescribe another drug. An analogue will have a similar effect and a close composition. Here is a complete list of all similar drugs:

Before using any new drug, read the instructions for use and be sure to consult your doctor. Only a specialist will be able to determine whether an analogue is suitable for you.

Medicine price

You can buy Turpentine ointment in every pharmacy. When buying, you will not need to present a prescription from a doctor to a pharmacist. The average cost of the drug is from 19 to 45 rubles for a jar of ointment of 25 grams.

Turpentine ointment is a drug actively used in rheumatology, orthopedics, and traumatology. The drug is also used in the treatment of pathologies of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Its clinical effect is due to the high concentration of gum turpentine obtained from the resins of coniferous trees. This ingredient of plant origin exhibits local irritating, warming, distracting activity.

Turpentine ointment is a thick homogeneous mass of white color with a yellowish tint and a specific smell. It is used in the treatment of acute, subacute and chronic pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. The drug is intended to reduce the symptoms of any variability.

Gum turpentine quickly copes with joint stiffness, eliminates pain. Orthopedists recommend using the drug at the first sign of disease. Clinically, they manifest themselves in pulling, aching pains and slight stiffness of movement. The use of a warming agent at this stage will prevent further exacerbation of symptoms.

• rheumatic pathologies, but only after stopping the acute inflammatory process;
• degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the joints and spinal column;
• pain syndrome provoked by pinching of sensitive nerve endings;
• pain caused by spasms of skeletal muscles;
• respiratory pathologies occurring against the background of the formation of thick viscous sputum in the respiratory tract.

The use of an irritant accelerates the recovery of injured small and large joints. Traumatologists prescribe it during the rehabilitation period for dislocations, subluxations, ruptures of muscles, ligaments, tendons.

Clinical and pharmacological group

Turpentine ointment is a representative of the clinical and pharmacological group of herbal preparations. Multifaceted therapeutic efficacy allows it to be attributed to antiseptic, distracting, locally irritating agents. Turpentine ointment is also used to reduce the intensity of pain localized in the joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons.

pharmachologic effect

After application to the skin, its active ingredient interacts with receptors located in the subcutaneous tissue. In response to their irritation, specific endogenous bioactive compounds begin to be produced in the body.

An increase in the concentration of inflammatory mediators provides a powerful blood flow to the treated area of ​​the body. The skin swells a little, the local temperature rises. Endorphins are released into the systemic circulation, which have a powerful analgesic effect.

• from a damaged joint;
• from the surface of the skin.

At the same time, the second group significantly dominates in intensity. As a result, a person ceases to experience pain, but feels a pleasant warmth.

Due to the irritating effect of Turpentine Cream, the temperature in the joints, vertebrae, and intervertebral discs rises. This improves blood circulation and microcirculation in them. The tissues receive nutrients and biologically active substances, molecular oxygen. Metabolic processes are significantly accelerated, stimulating regeneration.

The expectorant effect of the drug is also based on an increase in temperature in the area of ​​​​its application. Under the influence of heat, viscous sputum liquefies, detaches from the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Then the secret is easily evacuated from the body with each cough or blowing the nose.

Release form and composition

Turpentine ointment is an effective, time-tested pain reliever. Therefore, it is produced by many domestic pharmaceutical factories. The drug is produced in packaging of 25, 30, 50 g.

The primary packaging is an aluminum tube or dark glass bottle. They are enclosed in cardboard boxes along with instructions for use. Some manufacturers do not provide secondary packaging. In such cases, when buying a tube or bottle, an insert with annotation is issued.

• turpentine oil;
• purified water;
• medical vaseline.

Auxiliary components provide rapid transepidermal absorption of turpentine oil. Due to the presence of petroleum jelly, the antiseptic properties of the drug are significantly enhanced. It creates a thin breathable film on the surface of the skin. It prevents infection of tissues by pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic fungi.

Terms and conditions of storage

Turpentine balm should be stored in places protected from direct sunlight. The optimum temperature regime is 5-20°C. If it is violated, the consistency, color, smell of the ointment change. This indicates deterioration of the pharmacological preparation. The shelf life is 24 months, after opening the primary packaging it is limited to 4-5 weeks.

Turpentine ointment should be stored out of the reach of small children. When it gets on the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth, nose, there is a burning sensation, pain, pain.

Instructions for use

In the instructions for use of Turpentine ointment, it is recommended to use it after a medical consultation. The drug is effective in articular pathologies of 1 or 2 severity. In the acute course of arthrosis or osteochondrosis, severe pain is eliminated with glucocorticosteroids, NSAIDs, analgesics.

The preparation with turpentine oil is not intended for pathogenetic or etiological treatment. With its help, you can only reduce the severity of the leading clinical manifestations.

Indications and contraindications

In otolaryngology, the drug is prescribed to patients with laryngitis, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, acute tonsillitis. It is used after stopping inflammation, reducing high body temperature. The use of an external agent helps to get rid of severe nasal congestion, cough, shortness of breath.

In folk medicine, turpentine ointment is used against lice. But this method of treating pediculosis is ineffective, often causing severe irritation of the scalp. The following diseases also become indications for the use of the drug:

• lumbar, thoracic, cervical osteochondrosis;
• sciatica, sciatica, lumbago;
• rheumatoid, gouty arthritis in remission;
• spondylarthrosis;
• intercostal neuralgia;
• myalgia;
• neuralgia.

Turpentine ointment is not intended for treatment during childbearing and breastfeeding. An absolute contraindication is individual intolerance to the ingredients. It is forbidden to use a warming agent for people with acute, chronic pathologies of the liver and urinary organs.

Dosage and administration

Turpentine ointment is often prescribed by doctors as a means for rubbing damaged joints. It is rubbed into the area of ​​pain and swelling from 1 to 3 times a day. Before application, the skin should be treated with antiseptic solutions, such as Chlorhexidine, Furacilin, Miramistin. Then the application site is dried with a sterile cloth and the drug is distributed in a thin layer.

Single dosages vary depending on the size of the diseased joint or area of ​​​​the spine. For the treatment of coxarthrosis (hip osteoarthritis), about 3 cm strips of ointment squeezed out of the tube are required. In the treatment of arthrosis of small joints (phalanges of the fingers), 0.5-1 cm strips of an external agent are used.

Patients often ask doctors if Turpentine ointment can be used at a temperature. Otolaryngologists and rheumatologists categorically prohibit the use of any warming agents for hyperthermia. This will significantly worsen the well-being of an adult and a child, provoke the development of complications.

Side effects and special instructions

Despite the rather simple composition of the drug, its use can cause the development of allergic reactions. The possibility of using an external agent in the treatment of diseases should be discussed with an otolaryngologist or orthopedist. In case of pain, burning, swelling, redness, wash the skin and consult your doctor.

Turpentine ointment for babies is strictly prohibited. The drug should not be applied in acute or chronic skin diseases. Especially such as psoriasis, eczema, neurodermatosis, dermatitis of any etiology. Neglect of medical advice will cause aggravation of the pathological process.

It is allowed to use Turpentine ointment under breathable dressings. This method of application enhances and prolongs its warming effect. But with increased sensitivity of the skin, dressings should be discarded.

Pregnancy and lactation

Turpentine ointment is not intended for the treatment of colds or rheumatic pathologies during pregnancy and lactation.

Application in childhood

In pediatrics Turpentine ointment is used in the treatment of children from 2 years of age. It is rubbed into the back and feet with a cold, accompanied by nasal congestion. The drug is used to treat respiratory pathologies in children, complicated by coughing. Pediatricians recommend mixing it with an equal amount of any fatty cream before applying Turpentine Ointment.

Prices and terms of dispensing from pharmacies

Ointment and Turpentine solution are subject to over-the-counter dispensing from pharmacies. The average cost of an ointment is 20 rubles.

Analogues

The current analogues of Turpentine ointment are Bom-Benge, Finalgon, Viprosal, Kapsikam, Nayatoks, Efkamon.