Lada diabetes diagnostic criteria. Diabetes mellitus type LADA (lada) Diabetes mellitus 12

30.06.2020 -

Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by a disruption in the endocrine system, resulting in a failure of the process of carbohydrate metabolism and an increased accumulation of glucose in the blood.

Pathology has several types, differing among themselves in the causes of occurrence and methods of treatment. One of these types is LADA-diabetes.

The main classification of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism

According to the classification, diabetes mellitus is divided into the following main types:

According to the varieties are distinguished:

MODY-diabetes belongs to the A-class and occurs with pathologies of the pancreas.
Medication belongs to the B-class and develops under the influence of taking medications.
C-class, which is formed against the background of endocrine disorders;
LADA, known as autoimmune diabetes. This variety has signs of both types 1 and 2, only unlike the first type, the symptoms appear much later.

The main symptoms of carbohydrate metabolism disorders are:

increased frequency of urge to urinate and excretion of a significant amount of urine;
increased feelings of thirst and hunger;
feeling of dryness in the mouth;
decreased performance against the background of rapid fatigue;
increased glucose levels, accompanied by lethargy, chills and dizziness.

Progressing, the pathology stimulates the process of splitting fat cells, which leads to the formation of ketone bodies and the development of ketoacidosis, which causes such manifestations:

unquenchable thirst;
the appearance of plaque on the tongue;
sensation of acetone taste and smell;
bouts of vomiting.

Depending on the type of disorder, symptoms may be more or less pronounced, appear at the onset of the disease (with type 1) or the disease may be asymptomatic for a long time (type 2).

Differences between LADA-diabetes and other forms of the disease

How does LADA-diabetes differ from other types of diabetes? This variety is a latent form of type 1 diabetes, proceeding according to the scenario of type 2 of the disease.

With LADA, pancreatic cells are completely destroyed as a result of exposure to antibodies produced by the body's immune system.

That is, the mechanism of failure of metabolic processes is similar to the insulin-dependent type of disease. But violations are found already in adults, which is more typical for type 2 diabetes.

The complete cessation of the natural production of insulin occurs after a short period of time from the onset of the development of the disease. After 1-3 years, all beta cells responsible for the production of the hormone die.

Due to the lack of the hormone, glucose accumulates, which leads to hyperglycemia, and the body compensates for the lack of energy by splitting fat cells, resulting in ketoacidosis.

Thus, the difference between LADA-diabetes is the manifestation of signs of ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia against the background of a failure of the autoimmune system in patients older than 35 years of age.

The reasons contributing to the occurrence of pathology include:

hereditary predisposition;
low physical activity;
different degrees of obesity;
weakened immunity;
abuse of high-carbohydrate foods;
tendency to overeat;
concomitant autoimmune pathologies or such diseases in history;
self-medication with antibacterial and hormonal drugs;
prolonged nervous strain;
trauma or surgery;
environmental factor.

Symptoms of the disease may begin to appear a couple of months after the failure of metabolic processes, which allows you to quickly diagnose and prescribe treatment. Unfortunately, in most cases, patients are mistakenly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prescribed sugar-lowering drugs at a time when insulin therapy should be started as soon as possible.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis of LADA is carried out according to the results of analyzes:

blood biochemistry;
blood test for glucose;
general clinical analysis of blood and urine.

Additionally, studies of the following indicators are assigned:

The main diagnostic criteria are positive indicators of autoimmune tests in the presence of such factors:

signs of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the absence of obesity in patients;
age younger than 45 years;
the lack of insulin is compensated by increasing physical activity and dietary nutrition;
insulin dependence that occurred 1-3 years after the onset of the disease;
autoimmune diseases in history or among relatives;
increased thirst, frequent urination, decreased performance.

Two variants of the clinical picture can be observed.

LADA with signs of insulin-dependent diabetes:

the disease develops in young patients;
there are HLA genotypes and haplotypes characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus;
in a blood test on an empty stomach, a low level of c-peptide is observed.

The second option is characterized by such manifestations:

symptoms of type 2 disease;
elderly patients with varying degrees of obesity;
HLA genotypes and haplotypes are not observed;
dyslipidemia.

Latent diabetes is more common with increased production of antibodies that destroy the pancreas. The remaining cells begin to intensively synthesize insulin, which further depletes the gland. Another indicator of gland damage is a low level of c-peptides in blood taken on an empty stomach.

That is, the disease is confirmed by a combination of reduced levels of c-peptides with the presence of antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase. Diagnosis is ruled out if antibodies are absent. Additional studies will be required if antibodies are present with acceptable values of c-peptides.

The main diagnostic difficulties lie in the insufficient funding of medical institutions, as a result of which there is no equipment necessary for conducting autoimmune studies. In this regard, patients have to go to paid private clinics for testing, so the reliability of the results of such studies is often in doubt.

Methods of treatment

For a favorable prognosis for patients with LADA, correct diagnosis and competent therapy are very important. However, it often happens that treatment similar to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed, for example, it is recommended to take sulfonylurea drugs and Metformin.

Such appointments lead to even greater destruction of pancreatic cells, which is unacceptable in this type of disease.

Adequate treatment implies the longest possible preservation of the productivity of the gland and should be aimed at solving such problems:

keep glucose levels within acceptable limits, preventing the occurrence of hypo- and hyperglycemia;
prolong the natural production of insulin in the body;
unload the pancreas, reducing the need for hormone production to prevent its depletion.

The achievement of the set goals is carried out through the following clinical recommendations:

insulin therapy. Regardless of the level of sugar in the blood plasma, patients are given injections of small doses of a long-acting hormone.
Glucose monitoring should be carried out regularly, not only before meals and after, but also at night.
Diet change. Dietary nutrition should be based on reducing the consumption of foods high in rapidly absorbed carbohydrates. Pasta, rich pastries, starchy vegetables, sweets and bread products made from wheat flour are excluded from the menu. An important condition is the maintenance of water balance. Drinking 1.5-2 liters of water daily helps thin the blood and prevents dehydration.
Increase physical activity. Daily sports loads are aimed at reducing weight, increasing energy consumption, improving blood circulation and accelerating metabolic processes. In addition, physical education will strengthen the heart muscle and vascular walls, which will be an excellent prevention of the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Video material about the LADA disease - consultation with an endocrinologist:

In diabetes, there is a constantly increased level of glucose in the body. If a sick person learns to competently monitor their well-being, keeping sugar at a normal level, then diabetes will turn from a serious illness into a special way of life that will not pose a threat.

There are several varieties of diabetes mellitus, which are closely related to the violation of metabolic processes in the body of a sick person. Each of the types of the disease, in addition to hyperglycemia, manifests itself by producing glucose in the urine. Against this background, the following symptoms may occur:

thirst begins to increase quite significantly;
appetite increases rapidly;
there is an imbalance of fat metabolism in the form of hyperlipidemia, as well as dyslipidemia;
mineral metabolism in the body is disturbed;
complications of other ailments begin.

A significant increase in the number of patients with diabetes mellitus has necessitated the identification of different types of this disease in order to clearly understand the difference between one condition and another.

If until recently, medicine believed that only people over 45 years of age could suffer from type 2 diabetes, today the age range of this disease has been shifted to 35.

Every year, the second type of diabetes mellitus is diagnosed in younger patients, which is associated with poor nutrition and the wrong way of life.

The main classification of the disease

Modern medicine distinguishes several main types of diabetes at once, which people can suffer, regardless of their age:

Type I DM is insulin dependent. It is formed in the human body against the background of a decrease in the amount of this hormone. It usually occurs in young children, adolescents and young adults. With this ailment, it is important to inject yourself a certain dose of insulin daily;
Type II disease is independent of the hormone insulin and can develop even with an excessive amount of it in the human blood. The second type of DM is typical for people over 40 years of age and develops against the background of an increase in body weight. In this type of diabetes, health can be improved by making dietary adjustments, shedding excess pounds, and by increasing the intensity and saturation of physical activity. Such diabetes mellitus in medicine is usually divided into two subtypes. Subtype A develops against the background of overweight, and subtype B is typical for lean patients.

In addition to the main types of SD, there are also its specific varieties:

LADA diabetes. It is characterized by a certain similarity with the disease of the first type, however, the speed of its course is slow. If we talk about the final stages of LADA diabetes, then it can be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. At the moment, this name is outdated, and the term autoimmune diabetes mellitus has replaced it;
MODY-diabetes is a type of class A disease that is purely symptomatic and can be formed against the background of problems with the pancreas, with hemochromatosis, as well as cystic fibrosis;
drug-induced diabetes (class B diabetes);
class C diabetes mellitus, which occurs when the endocrine system is disturbed.

Differences between LADA-diabetes and other forms of the disease

The term LADA diabetes itself was assigned to a latent form of autoimmune diabetes in adult patients. All those who fall into this category of patients, along with patients with the first type of the disease, are in dire need of mandatory insulin therapy. As a rule, along with problems with sugar, in the body of patients there is a breakdown of pancreatic cells that produce insulin. As a result, an autoimmune process occurs.

In medical practice, one can come across the opinion that LADA-diabetes is sluggish, and sometimes it is also called DM "1.5".

Such a pathological condition is characterized by the death of all cells of the insular apparatus when the patient reaches the age of 35. The whole process is quite slow and similar to the course of type 2 diabetes.

The main difference is that in this case, absolutely all beta cells die, which causes the cessation of insulin secretion in the pancreas.

As a rule, complete dependence on the additional administration of insulin is formed within 1 to 3 years from the onset of the disease. It passes with characteristic symptoms in both males and females.

The course of the disease is more suitable for the second type, because for a sufficiently long time it is possible to control the course of the entire pathological process with the help of physical exercises and competent low-carbohydrate nutrition.

The relatively positive course of the disease makes it possible to think that DM will recede or its onset will be shifted indefinitely. The most important point in this case will be the control of the level of glycemia.

To raise awareness of patients, special diabetes schools are being created. Their main goal is to convey adequate and correct information to each individual patient that:

it is necessary to monitor the level of glycemia;
there are ways to control sugar levels;
special behavior is provided in the event of complications of diabetes.

How is LADA diabetes diagnosed?

In order to identify signs in a patient that indicate LADA-diabetes, it is necessary, in addition to all standard tests for blood glucose levels, as well as glycated hemoglobin, to apply the following practices:

analysis and disassembly of autoantibodies to ICA cells (islet);
study of HLA antigens;
conducting a study of autoantibodies to drugs with insulin;
verification of genetic markers;
standard autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase GAD.

Deviations from the recognized norm in manifestations of such a type as LADA-diabetes will be the following parameters:

the patient's age is less than 35 years;
establishment of dependence on insulin already after some time (several years);
manifestation of symptoms of the second type of diabetes with normal weight or even thinness;
there is a compensation for insulin deficiency with the help of special diets and therapeutic physical culture.

For modern medicine, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is not difficult. To do this, there are a variety of diagnostic devices that help confirm the diagnosis in patients aged 25 to 50 years in cases where they have classic.

Modern laboratory research helps the doctor to choose the most effective methods of treatment as accurately as possible and extend the period of production of the patient's own hormones.

Pregnant women who have been confirmed to have gestational diabetes mellitus are at a potential risk of developing type LADA diabetes. In most cases, these women are prone to developing diabetes after the end of their pregnancy or in the not too distant future. As a rule, the probability of such a course of the disease is noted in 25 percent of cases.

Methods of treatment

As noted, mandatory insulin therapy is provided for patients diagnosed with LADA-diabetes. Doctors recommend not to tighten with injections. If LADA-diabetes has been confirmed, then therapy will be based on this principle.

This category of patients needs the earliest possible detection of the disease and adequate prescription of drugs, and insulin in particular. First of all, this is due to the high probability of the lack of stimulated insulin production. Very often, insulin deficiency can be combined with the resistance of body cells to this hormone if Lada diabetes is diagnosed.

In such situations, patients may be assigned to take special means to reduce sugar in tablet format. Such drugs do not cause dryness of the pancreas, however, at the same time they increase the sensitivity threshold of peripheral tissues to the hormone insulin.

In addition, medicines that can be prescribed include biguanide derivatives (Metformin), as well as glitazones (Avandia), the full one can be found on our website.

Insulin therapy is extremely important for absolutely all patients suffering from LADA-diabetes. In this case, administering insulin as early as possible will aim to save natural basal insulin production for as long as possible.

Those patients who are carriers of LADA-diabetes should be limited in the use of secretogens. These drugs are able to stimulate the production of insulin and will lead to rapid depletion of the pancreas, and then to insulin deficiency in patients with type Lada diabetes.

It will be a great addition to therapy.

Green tea in the prevention of diabetes

Powerful antioxidants in green tea may prevent or delay the onset of type 1 diabetes. Preliminary lab results published

Microchip for diagnosing diabetes 1

A low-cost portable microchip for diagnosing type 1 diabetes could improve patient care worldwide and help researchers better understand the disease, according to the inventors at the Stanford University School of Medicine.

From allergies to third world countries

Experiments conducted on mice have shown that lack of contact with normal environmental bacteria leads to the development of a serious autoimmune disease - type 1 diabetes.

New harmful properties of "oversalting" in the diet have been discovered

There were times in the history of mankind when ordinary table salt served as "hard currency". But it gradually became clear that the most popular seasoning in large quantities is harmful to blood vessels and the heart. And scientists from the USA learned about the new properties of salt.

"Electronic" pancreas - a new invention of American scientists

The new device, developed by American scientists, is, in fact, an artificial pancreas. Its main secret is in a tiny microchip and a specially designed computer program - this combination provides both constant monitoring of blood sugar levels and a reaction to its abnormal change - an excessive increase or decrease. Medical inventors believe that an artificial pancreas will make insulin injections unnecessary, as well as constant measurements of blood glucose levels and careful control not to eat anything inappropriate - a smart "artificial organ" will do everything for the patient.

First international treatment guideline for psoriatic arthritis developed

Rheumatologists, dermatologists and patient advocates have come together to publish the first International Guidelines for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis, a disease that mainly affects people with and some without psoriasis. The guidelines were presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Rheumatology

Cells of the respiratory system activate vitamin D and increase the immune response

Vitamin D is essential for maintaining health, but it must be activated to perform its functions. Until now, this activation was thought to occur primarily in the kidneys, but new research from the University of Iowa has shown that the activation phase can also take place in the cells of the respiratory system.

New Imaging Technologies in Hepatology

A new study has shown that imaging technologies developed at the Mayo Clinic can accurately detect hepatic fibrosis without the need for a biopsy. Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathology leading, if left untreated, to refractory cirrhosis of the liver.

Preventive actions

Sugar level

In order to avoid the occurrence of a latent form of diabetes, it is recommended to minimize the influence of negative factors. So, experts insist on controlling body weight and the ratio of glucose in the blood.

It will be no less important to follow a diet, to exclude foods saturated with fats from the diet. It is recommended to play sports for preventive purposes, as well as to use vitamin and other names that will strengthen the immune system.

Another important criterion is the periodic implementation of diagnostics: control of blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin and cholesterol. All this will, if not exclude, then minimize the risks of developing latent autoimmune diabetes.

Importance and methods of diagnosis

Timely diagnosis will avoid negative consequences.

One and a half type diabetes mellitus needs timely diagnosis and differentiation from other types of this disease. In the opposite case, with improper therapy, the disease begins to progress very quickly, leading to irreversible and serious consequences. Diagnostic methods include:

collection of anamnesis;
prednisolone-glucose tolerance test;
detection of HLA antigens;
visual inspection;
detection of the level of C-peptide;
determination of glucose levels in blood and urine;
determining the response of autoantibodies to insulin therapy;
physical examination;
determination of the presence of autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase GAD;
general, biochemical laboratory tests of blood and urine;
determination of genetic markers;
Staub-Traugott test;
determination of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c);
analysis and study of autoantibodies to ICA cells (islet);
detection of glutamate decarboxylase antibodies.

Methods of treatment

In addition, medicines that can be prescribed include biguanide derivatives (Metformin), as well as glitazones (Avandia), a complete list of drugs for diabetics can be found on our website.

An excellent addition to therapy will be:

fitness;
hirudotherapy;
physiotherapy.

In addition, with the permission of the doctor, courses of treatment can be carried out using traditional medicine. There are a fairly large number of medicinal plants that qualitatively reduce blood sugar in a patient with LADA-diabetes.

How latent diabetes manifests itself LADA

Diabetes LADA mellitus can begin to manifest, usually at the age of 25 years. The clinical signs of latent diabetes are more similar to type 2 diabetes, only in this case there is no obvious obesity. At the initial stage of the development of the disease, quite satisfactory control over the metabolic process is possible. Such positive results can be achieved with a normal diet and medications that lower blood sugar levels. The need for insulin doses may occur in the period from 6 months to 10 years. Also, the presence of markers of type 1 diabetes mellitus may indicate the presence of LADA-diabetes in a person.

In adults, the initial period of manifestation of latent diabetes mellitus has mild symptoms, and is often characterized more like type 2 diabetes. Due to the slower process of destruction of beta cells in the body of an adult suffering from Lada diabetes, the symptoms of the disease are erased, there are no signs of polydipsia, a sharp decrease in body weight, no polyuria and ketoacidosis.

Pharmacies once again want to cash in on diabetics. There is an intelligent modern European drug, but they keep quiet about it. This is…

Detection of LADA diabetes can occur under certain nutritional conditions. This method is called prednisone-glucose loading. Three days in a row before the test, you need to eat food that contains 250-300 grams of carbohydrates, but at the same time corresponds to the normal content of fats and proteins.

The essence of the prednisone-glucose test is that 2 hours before the introduction of a glucose load, prednisone or prednisone is administered in the amount of 12.5 mg. Fasting glycemia allows you to determine the level of functioning of beta cells. If the result exceeds 5.2 mmol / l, and after 2 hours the glycemia is outside 7 mmol / l, then such indicators indicate latent diabetes.

The Staub-Traugott test also helps to determine the presence of diabetes mellitus LADA. This test consists in the fact that before a blood test for glycemia, the patient must take 50 grams of glucose, and an hour later the same amount. In people who do not suffer from latent diabetes, a jump in blood glycemia will appear only after taking the first dose, while the second glucose load will practically not be pronounced in the blood test. If two obvious jumps in glycemia were recorded, then this is a clear indication of the presence of latent diabetes and poor functioning of beta cells.

I have been diabetic for 31 years. Now healthy. But, these capsules are not available to ordinary people, pharmacies do not want to sell them, it is not profitable for them ...

I have type 2 diabetes, non-insulin dependent. A friend advised me to lower my blood sugar with DiabeNot. I ordered via the Internet. Started taking. I follow a non-strict diet, I started to walk 2-3 kilometers every morning. Over the past two weeks, I have noticed a gradual decrease in sugar on a glucometer in the morning before breakfast from 9.3 to 7.1, and yesterday even to 6.1! I continue my preventive course. I will write about success.

Margarita Pavlovna, I am also now on Diabenot. DM 2. I really don’t have time for a diet and walks, but I don’t abuse sweets and carbohydrates, I think XE, but due to age, sugar is still elevated. The results are not as good as yours, but for 7.0 sugar does not come out for a week. What glucometer do you measure sugar with? Does it show on plasma or whole blood? I would like to compare the results of taking the drug.

Natalia — 03 Feb 2015, 22:04

Hello! Tell me, please, what tests should be taken to determine the markers of type 1 diabetes? I have been on metformin for a year and a half with a diagnosis of type 2 prediabetes. I am 34 years old, 160 cm, 65 kg (was 80), BMI 25 (was 28), waist 84 cm, HbA1c 5.33, HOMA index 2.18, insulin 8.33, c-peptide 1.48, GADA

Can this type of diabetes be cured?

Initially, it is required to accurately confirm the presence of this type of DM, and this can be done using 2 main studies:

analysis to determine the level of anti-GAD. Positive results confirm its presence, and negative results rule it out;
analysis to determine the level of C-peptide - if its reduced level is detected, then the disease is actively progressing;
in controversial situations, genetic markers can be used, which are also applicable in type 1 diabetes.

The basis of therapy, of course, is the constant administration of insulin, since the natural production of insulin practically stops in the body. It is also mandatory to take funds whose action is aimed at lowering blood sugar levels (tablet form). Their advantage is the absence of a negative effect on the pancreas, and the disadvantage is an increase in the threshold of sensitivity of peripheral type substances to insulin.

Equally important is the intake of biguanide derivatives, as well as glitazones, which are carefully selected by an endocrinologist. It is important to limit the use of secretogens, since, in addition to being capable of stimulating the process of insulin production, they can simultaneously cause pancreatic depletion, and this is a direct path to insulin deficiency.

Additional therapy that should not be ignored are moderate fitness classes, hirudotherapy procedures, a set of physical therapy exercises, a low-carb diet, swimming, walking in the fresh air. If there are no contraindications, then it is allowed to use traditional medicine in the form of all kinds of herbal infusions that can reduce sugar levels in an almost natural and harmless way.

Pay special attention to the constant monitoring of the level of sugar (glucose), which in our time is really done with the help of compact portable equipment (glucometers). Measurement not made in time can cause a coma, respectively, lead to irreversible consequences.

The type of SD Lada, as well as other varieties, by and large, cannot be completely cured, but this is not a reason to give up and do nothing. In the world, from 25 to 30% of people suffer from this disease, but constant monitoring and supportive therapy allows them to lead a relatively normal lifestyle and professional activities.

Therapy as a way to eliminate pathology

LADA-diabetes progresses slowly and may remain unnoticed for a long time. Therefore, treatment must be started as soon as it is discovered, in order to avoid a complete cessation of insulin production by the pancreas, as immune bodies attack and lead to the death of the cells of the gland. In order to prevent this, insulin injections are immediately prescribed. When the diagnosis is approved, it is prescribed in small doses, but to all patients. Insulin protects the pancreas from destruction of its cells by the autoimmune system. The main task in therapy is to preserve the natural production of insulin in the pancreas.

Treatment must be comprehensive.

It is important to control the intake of simple carbohydrates into the body and count the bread units, for which special tables are provided. A bread unit is a specific measure of carbohydrates.

Treatment involves the consumption of a low-carbohydrate diet, sugar in its pure form is permanently removed from the diet.

In addition, treatment is the slowing down of autoimmune inflammation due to the slow activity of autoantigens. And, of course, maintaining normal blood sugar. For this, patients are prescribed special sugar-containing drugs.

It is important to remember that with LADA diabetes, sulfonylurea derivatives and glinides should not be taken, Siofor and Glucophage are prescribed only for obese patients, which is observed in type 2 diabetes, but not in LADA diabetes. If long-acting insulin does not cope with the decrease in sugar, then you can “poke” fast-type insulin before meals

If long-acting insulin does not cope with the decrease in sugar, then fast-acting insulin can also be “pricked” before meals.

In addition to therapy, an active lifestyle, sports or fitness, hirudotherapy and physiotherapy exercises are recommended. Traditional medicine is also applicable in the treatment of autoimmune diabetes, but only in consultation with the attending physician.

Diabetes lada has a favorable outcome with its early diagnosis and timely treatment

And only then can you completely recover from this disease completely.

L o a d i n g . . .

Treatment of LADA-diabetes

Without such a diet, all other activities will not be effective.

The next step is to study the features of the use of insulin. It is necessary to learn everything about the extended types of the hormonal component (Lantus, Levemir and others), as well as the calculation of the dosages of the fast composition before eating. At the minimum rate, it is necessary to inject prolonged insulin, even if, due to a low-carbohydrate diet, the sugar level does not reach 5.5-6 mmol on an empty stomach and after eating.

Speaking about how to treat autoimmune diabetes in adults, pay attention to the fact that:

dosages of the hormonal component should be low;
it is desirable to use Levemir, because it is allowed to be diluted, while Lantus is not;
an extended type of insulin is used even if sugar on an empty stomach and after eating does not increase more than 5.5–6 mmol;
it is important to monitor the blood glucose ratio for 24 hours. It is determined in the morning on an empty stomach, each time before a meal, and also two hours after a meal and at night before going to bed;
once a week, it is necessary to carry out such a diagnosis in the middle of the night. It is recommended to treat diabetes with LADA depending on the sugar indicators, namely, increase or decrease the amount of prolonged insulin

In the most difficult cases, it may be necessary to administer it two to four times a day. If, despite the use of prolonged insulin injections, glucose after a meal remains increased, experts insist on using fast insulin before meals as well.

It is recommended to treat LADA diabetes depending on the sugar indicators, namely, to increase or decrease the amount of prolonged insulin. In the most difficult cases, it may be necessary to administer it two to four times a day. If, despite the use of injections of prolonged insulin, glucose after a meal remains increased, experts insist on the use of fast insulin before meals.

In no case, with a latent form of diabetes, do not take pills such as sulfonylurea derivatives and glinides. They are usually prescribed for type 2 diabetes, and therefore, with form 1.5, they can affect the occurrence of side effects. Names such as Siofor and Glucophage are effective only for obese patients with diabetes. In the absence of excess weight, it is recommended to refuse such names.

Physical activity is another important pathology control for obese patients. In the presence of a normal body weight, it is necessary to engage in physical education in order to generally strengthen immunity and health. Preventive measures deserve special attention.

The six best foods for diabetes

There are two forms of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. In both types, there is an imbalance in blood sugar and problems with insulin in the body.

Insulin is a hormone that helps convert glucose into cellular energy that cells need to metabolize nutrients. Type I diabetes is commonly referred to as juvenile diabetes because it occurs early in life. The pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or does not produce it at all, and it must be supplied to the body through injections or tablets.

The pancreas works in type 2 diabetes, and happens at a later time. However, the body is insulin resistant, or does not use enough insulin. Often this type of diabetes can be controlled through exercise and diet to maintain blood sugar levels.
Chronically high blood sugar is an indicator of both types of diabetes. But sometimes blood sugar stays low, especially in type 2 diabetes.

Many of the symptoms of diabetes are associated with thyroid and adrenal problems, such as fibromyalgia. Therefore, it is necessary to check your sugar level to determine whether your health problems are related to diabetes or not.

What to eat with diabetes

Obviously, food for diabetics should not contain foods with a high glycemic index. These are refined starch, sugar, honey with high fructose corn syrup, sweets and biscuits.
Unsweetened fruit juices are a short term solution for hypoglycemia, but undiluted juices should be avoided if you have high blood sugar.

Did you know that many fast foods contain a lot of sugar, even if they are not sweet? Avoid them.

(1) Vegetables, especially green ones - you can eat them every day. Stewed vegetables and raw vegetable salads are nutritious for everyone. Store-bought salad dressings often contain sugar and sweeteners. Use only cold-pressed vegetable oils, other than soy, as well as vinegar and lemon/lime for dressings.

(2) Slice an avocado into your salad to add flavor and nutrition. Avocados have a low glycemic index and are also high in omega-3s, which help treat chronic inflammation often associated with diabetes and other serious conditions. Avocados are also an excellent source of plant-based protein.

(3) Walnut also has a low glycemic index and is a source of omega-3s. You can add them to salads.

(4) Fresh sea fish, especially tuna and salmon, are rich in omega-3s and have a low glycemic index. If you like meat, then they have a low glycemic index. But try to stick to grass-fed meat to avoid the antibiotics and hormones that are injected into farm animals.

(5) The issue of cereals is much more complicated. Clearly processed grain must be avoided. But some whole grains are high on the glycemic index. A good substitute is quinoa and buckwheat. Organic brown rice may be suitable for some diabetics as it does not convert to glucose quickly. But many nutritionists do not recommend consuming it every day.

(6) Various legumes can be added to dishes. Legumes are rich in protein and fiber and have a low glycemic index compared to potatoes. They can also be mixed with vegetables or served as a side dish.

How the disease develops

Autoimmune diabetes manifests itself at a fairly rapid pace, while the manifestations of ketoacidosis can be observed after several weeks. The second type of diabetes mellitus, which is much more common, is mostly latent.

And the main symptomatology in the form of insulin deficiency of the disease is usually expressed after about 3 years, and this despite the fact that the disease has been identified and treated. Patients show signs such as significant weight loss, overt hyperglycemia, and signs of ketonuria.

In any autoimmune diabetes mellitus, insulin deficiency is observed. Insufficient intake of carbohydrate in the form of glucose into adipose and muscle tissues, as well as an energy deficit, lead to the disinhibition of products produced by contrainsular hormones, which just act as a stimulator of gluconeogenesis.

Insulin deficiency leads to the suppression of hepatic liposynthetic capacity, while the release of fatty acids is included in ketogenesis. In the event that dehydration and acidosis begin to increase, a coma may occur, which, without proper treatment, leads to death.

Autoimmune disorder type 1 accounts for approximately 2% of all cases of diabetes. Unlike type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes has time to manifest before the age of 40.

Symptoms

As for the clinical picture of the disease, it is quite clearly expressed, especially in children and in people at a young age. Symptoms for almost all types of diabetes are identical and are expressed in:

skin itching;
increased need for fluid intake;
intense weight loss;
muscle weakness;
general malaise and drowsiness.

At the very beginning of the disease, appetite may even increase slightly, which, as ketoacidosis develops, leads to anorexia. Intoxication at the same time causes nausea, accompanied by vomiting, acetone breath, pain in the abdomen and dehydration.

Diabetes autoimmune mellitus type 1 in the presence of severe concomitant diseases can cause impaired consciousness, which often leads to coma. In patients whose age category varies from 35 to 40 years, the disease usually manifests less pronouncedly: moderate manifestations of polydipsia and polyuria are noted, and body weight remains at the same level. Such a disease usually progresses over several years, and all signs and symptoms tend to appear gradually.

Risk factors

It should be noted that despite numerous studies, the true causes of such a disease as type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus have not yet been precisely determined.

However, there are risk factors that are predisposing conditions, the combination of which ultimately leads to the development of diabetes mellitus (autoimmune type).

As already noted, one of the causes of the disease can be attributed to the genetic factor. However, the percentage, as it turned out, is quite small. So, if the father was sick in the family, then the probability that the child will get sick is a maximum of 3%, and the mother - 2%.
In some cases, one of the mechanisms that can provoke type 1 diabetes is viral infectious diseases, these include rubella, Coxsackie B, mumps. Children who carry the disease in utero are most at risk in this case.
Frequent poisoning of the body can provoke diabetes mellitus, as a result of which toxic substances act on organs and systems, which contributes to the appearance of autoimmune pathology.
Nutrition plays a very important role. For example, it has been found that children are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes if cow's milk and formulas are introduced too early. The situation is similar with the introduction of cereals.

As for type 2 diabetes, people with the following predisposing factors are affected by this disease:

people over 45 years of age;
disturbed levels of glucose or triglycerides in the blood, a decrease in lipoproteins;
malnutrition, resulting in obesity;
insufficient physical activity;
polycystic ovaries;
heart disease.

All people with the above factors should monitor the state of their body, be regularly examined and tested for the presence of sugar in the blood. At the stage of the pre-diabetic state, diabetes can be prevented, preventing its further development. If at the initial stages the second type of diabetes develops without damage to the cells of the pancreas, then with the course of the disease, autoimmune processes begin in this variant of the pathology.

Gestational (during pregnancy) diabetes mellitus can develop against the background of obesity, predisposing heredity, failure in the body's metabolic processes, excess glucose in the blood and urine during pregnancy.

Individuals are at medium risk for the following reasons:

at the birth of a child whose weight exceeds 4 kg;
past case of stillbirth;
intensive weight gain during childbearing;
if the woman's age exceeds 30 years.

5 / 5 ( 2 votes)

LADA diabetes got its name from the phrase L atent A utoimmune D iabetes in A dults, which translated into Russian means - latent (occurring secretly) autoimmune in adults. This type of disease is characterized by the clinical picture of both "classic" types of diabetes (1 and 2), so it is also called type 1.5 diabetes.

LADA diabetes mellitus, as a rule, develops in middle-aged patients, most often the diagnosis is made in patients aged 35-55 years.

Etiology of diabetes mellitus

In some adult patients with a normal physique, doctors observed a decrease in C-peptide (a protein that converts proinsulin to insulin) when exposed to glucagon, which indicates insufficient production of this hormone (laboratory studies confirmed low insulin levels).

At the same time, markers of diabetes of the autoimmune group were found in the majority: many antibodies to pancreatic glutamate decarboxylase. This indicated damage to the beta cells of the pancreas, which is fundamental

Features of the course of Lada diabetes

In the initial stages, the course of the disease resembles type 2 diabetes: patients do not need to inject injections. Over time (usually it takes 2-3 years from the onset of the disease), patients develop all the clinical signs of type 1 diabetes, with the need for insulin therapy.

In other words, the patient is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, which then transforms into insulin-dependent, and the diagnosis is made: Lada diabetes.

Clinical picture of type 1.5 diabetes

As mentioned above, the clinical picture of the disease in the initial stages is very similar to type 2 diabetes.

In order to differentiate these two diseases, it is necessary to know the distinctive features of the development of DM 1.5.

Age. Most often diagnosed in the time interval from 35 to 50 years.
Anamnesis. Close relatives or the patient himself has various autoimmune pathologies.
The patient belongs to the group of normosthenic physique. Body mass index (less than 25 kg per 1 m2).
Acute onset of the disease (general weakness, urination above normal, sometimes 2 times, weight loss, thirst).

LADA diagnostics

To confirm the diagnosis of Lada diabetes, laboratory diagnostic methods are used:

The level of autoimmune antibodies to pancreatic glutamate decarboxylase. If the result is negative, the probability of having DM 1.5 is minimal.
The level of C-peptides of the gland. With Lada diabetes, the performance of this enzyme will be reduced.

To clarify the diagnosis, a test with prednisolone is performed - to determine the tolerance to glucose, or the Staub-Traugott test: blood sugar is determined, on an empty stomach, for several hours with correction by dextropur.

Treatment for this type of diabetes

When this type is suspected, diagnosis and treatment are carried out in specialized institutions under the clear guidance of doctors who are competent in the treatment of this type of disease.

Important!!! Diabetes Lada is relatively “young”, it was singled out as a separate type only in the mid-90s of the 20th century. Therefore, many doctors are unfamiliar with him and may prescribe an incorrect treatment regimen.

To prescribe treatment in the form of insulin therapy, without making sure that the patient suffers from DM 1.5, and not DM 2 (in which the patient takes pills derived from sulfonylurea) is not advisable.

When clarifying the diagnosis, small doses of insulin therapy are prescribed to maintain the functions of the pancreas.

See below very interesting video about this type.

Concomitant therapy consists of following a low-carbohydrate diet, playing sports (there are special exercises) and constantly monitoring blood sugar levels. Be healthy.

More recently, diabetes was divided into first and second, but, thanks to the results of ongoing research, new types were discovered, one of which was Lada diabetes (LADA diabetes). About how it differs from other types, how it is diagnosed and treated - in detail in this material.

What it is?

Lada diabetes is a type of diabetes mellitus discovered at the end of the 20th century by Austrian nutritionists. They noticed that patients with antibodies and a low level of secretion of the C-peptide (protein residue) are not at all sick with the second type, although the clinical picture points to it. Then it turned out that this is not the first type, since the introduction of insulin is required at much earlier stages. Thus, an intermediate form of the disease was isolated, later called Lada diabetes (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults).

Peculiarities

Latent diabetes is a latent form in which the breakdown of pancreatic beta cells is observed. Many researchers call this type of disease "1.5", since it is very similar to the second type in its slow course, and the first in mechanics. It is difficult to make a correct diagnosis without additional studies.

If this is not done and the disease is treated in the same way as type 2 diabetes (taking hypoglycemic pills), then the pancreas will work to the limit, and the death of beta cells will only accelerate. After a short period of time - from six months to 3 years - a person will need intensive insulin therapy, although with classic type 2 diabetes it is prescribed much later.

Patients with latent diabetes quite often get disability

The main differences between the latent form and type 2 diabetes are:

lack of excess weight (cases of a latent type in patients with obesity are quite rare);
reduced levels of C-peptides in the blood on an empty stomach and after taking a glucose solution;
the presence in the blood of antibodies to pancreatic cells - the diabetic's immune system attacks it;
genetic analysis indicates a tendency to attack beta cells.

Symptoms

The Lada Diabetes Clinical Risk Scale, developed by doctors, includes the following criteria:

the age of onset of the disease is 25-50 years. If in this age interval a person was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, then it is imperative to check for Lada, since among patients with the second type, from 2 to 15% have a latent form, and those who do not suffer from obesity receive this diagnosis in half of the cases;
acute manifestation of the onset of the disease: the average daily volume of urine increases (more than 2 liters), there is a constant strong thirst, the patient loses weight and feels weak. However, the course of Lada diabetes is asymptomatic;
body mass index is less than 25 kg / m2, that is, as a rule, those at risk are not obese or overweight;
the presence of autoimmune diseases in the past or at the moment;
autoimmune diseases in close relatives.

Underweight is a common symptom of a latent form of the disease

If the patient gives from 0 to 1 positive answers on the points from the given scale, then the probability of having an autoimmune type is below 1%, if there are 2 or more such answers, the risk of having Lada diabetes increases to 90%. In the latter case, a person needs to undergo additional examinations.

Last updated: October 7, 2019

Lada diabetes diagnostic criteria. Diabetes mellitus type LADA (lada) Diabetes mellitus 12

The main classification of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism

Differences between LADA-diabetes and other forms of the disease

Diagnostic methods

Methods of treatment

The main classification of the disease

Differences between LADA-diabetes and other forms of the disease

How is LADA diabetes diagnosed?

Methods of treatment

Preventive actions

Importance and methods of diagnosis

Methods of treatment

How latent diabetes manifests itself LADA

Popular articles on autoimmune diabetes

Can this type of diabetes be cured?

Therapy as a way to eliminate pathology

Treatment of LADA-diabetes

The six best foods for diabetes

What to eat with diabetes

How the disease develops

Symptoms

Risk factors

Etiology of diabetes mellitus

Features of the course of Lada diabetes

Clinical picture of type 1.5 diabetes

LADA diagnostics

Treatment for this type of diabetes

What it is?

Peculiarities

Symptoms

Recent Entries