Treating a bruised wrist at home. Bruised hand - causes, treatment and possible complications

According to the international classification of diseases, the ICD classifier code for hand injury is S60.2. Class S60 characterizes multiple superficial and unspecified injuries of the wrist and hand.

Contusion of the wrist - a closed injury without violating the integrity of the surface layers of the skin in the area of ​​the wrist joint. The injury is characterized by rupture of small blood vessels, damage to the nerve endings at the site of impact, and significant concussion of the soft tissues that suffer from sudden pressure against the bone.

Wrist injuries can result from:

1. Falls on an outstretched arm when the hand is in an extended state;
2. Blows to the area of ​​the wrist joint with a blunt object;
3. Pinching the hand between two hard surfaces;
4. Hitting a heavy object.

At the moment of mechanical impact with a bruise of the wrist, acute pain appears. Subcutaneous bleeding (hematoma) compresses the surrounding tissues, which causes a gradual increase in pain in the arm and a violation of the motor function of the wrist joint. The hematoma spreads to the entire bruised surface, manifesting itself in a purple color, which gradually changes to yellow and greenish.

The wrist joint, on the one hand, is formed by the ends of the ulna and radius bones, on the other, by the small bones of the wrist. Around the articular bag are numerous ligaments that allow you to move the brush in different directions.

The brush consists of 3 parts. The wrist is formed by eight bones arranged in 2 rows. 5 metacarpal bones depart from them, creating the basis of the hand. The phalanges of the fingers are attached to them. To ensure small movements in the hand, there are many tendons and nerves. She has a good blood supply.

Hand injuries are widespread and varied. After providing first aid for such injuries, you should consult a doctor, because the consequence may be loss of hand function.

Bruise and crush

Bruises of the wrist joint are very painful, since its capsule is not protected by muscles. With a bruise of the hand, edema quickly appears, often a subcutaneous hemorrhage is formed - a hematoma. This is especially true for injury to the fingertip, for example, when struck with a hammer.

With a severe bruise, an x-ray should be taken, because the bones of this part of the body are very thin and break easily.

First aid is to apply ice or at least a wet wipe and immobilize. After the edema decreases and in the absence of inflammation, warming up begins. It is recommended to use ointments with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect (fastum-gel and others). If blood has accumulated under the nail, it is better to remove it in the surgical room of the clinic, this will ease the pain.

When the hand is squeezed with a heavy object, extensive hemorrhage occurs, skin and muscles are damaged. In this case, it is necessary to make a tight bandage, apply cold, give the arm an elevated position and be sure to contact a traumatologist. The same help is needed for damage to the interphalangeal joints. In this case, blood accumulates in the joint cavity, which must be removed.

Ligament injury

Injury to the ligaments of the wrist joint is possible with a sharp movement of large amplitude, for example, when falling on the arm. The same applies to tendon injuries in the hand. In the latter case, there is often a detachment of small bone fragments to which the tendons are attached. As a result, a subluxation in the joint is formed, blood accumulates in its cavity.

Such an injury is accompanied by severe pain, swelling and impaired mobility in the affected joint. Sometimes there are pathological movements: flexion of the finger to the side or excessive hyperextension. This is typical for injuries with a detachment of the bone fragment. First aid - cold, rest and elevated position of the hand. Then you should go to the emergency room.

The movements of the fingers are provided by groups of tendons: on the outer surface - extensors, on the palmar - flexors. If the extensor attached to the nail phalanx is damaged, it stops straightening and seems to hang down.

If the ligament leading to the lower phalanx is injured, a double contracture is formed: the middle phalanx is bent, the nail is hyperextended, the finger takes the form of a zigzag.

In the latter case, surgery is necessary to restore the work of the brush.

Attempting such movements must be done very carefully, because they can lead to divergence of the ends of the tendons, which makes treatment difficult.

Therefore, in case of such an injury, one should immobilize the limb, put a tennis ball or a foam sponge in the palm of the victim and immediately consult a doctor, preferably in a specialized trauma department. Treatment is surgical only.

Dislocation and fracture

Deformation of the hand after injury, as well as a violation of its function may indicate a dislocation or fracture.

A dislocation in the wrist joint occurs due to an unsuccessful fall on the arm. In this case, the brush is shifted to the back. Offset to the palm occurs rarely. Nerve bundles and blood vessels are compressed, which leads to severe pain, numbness of the hand, impossibility of movement, swelling and circulatory disorders.

If the hand is displaced to the rear, a deformity in the form of a step is determined in the area of ​​the wrist joint. With a palmar dislocation, the hand is bent, the fingers are compressed.

First aid is to immobilize the hand, which must be done with a plank, plywood or similar hard object. You need to contact a surgeon.

It is impossible to correct the dislocation on your own, as this will additionally damage the joint.

With a dislocation of one of the bones of the wrist, you can feel the bony protrusion at the top of the hand. This is accompanied by swelling of the wrist and impaired movement. Often, patients do not pay attention to this, which leads to a significant deterioration in hand function. In case of a wrist injury, it is necessary to use a solid splint and be sure to take an x-ray.

The same assistance is needed for the victim with a dislocation of the metacarpal bones. Such an injury occurs when falling on a clenched fist. The back surface of the hand swells and changes shape. The palm becomes shorter healthy, the fingers do not clench into a fist.

Bone fractures occur when falling or hitting. Their symptoms are similar to signs of other injuries of this part of the body: pain, swelling, violation of the shape of the hand, shortening of the finger. An x-ray is needed to clarify the diagnosis. If a fracture is suspected, the hand should be immobilized, cold should be applied to it, a piece of foam rubber should be placed in the palm and the victim taken to the emergency room.

An open injury may be stabbing, cutting, bruised, lacerated, or chopped. It can be complicated by trauma to the tendons, nerves, blood vessels, rupture of the phalanx of the finger.

With an abrasion, you can not go to the doctor. The skin is cleansed of impurities and gently washed. Then the wound is treated with a solution of iodine or brilliant green. A small injury is covered with a bactericidal plaster, if necessary, a sterile dressing is applied.

With cut and chopped wounds, it is impossible to wash the damage. It is only necessary to carefully clean the surrounding skin from contamination, treat it with an antiseptic and apply a sterile pressure bandage that stops bleeding.

Stab wounds are characterized by sharp pain and slight bleeding. The edges of the damage quickly close, which creates conditions for the development of infection. A foreign body often remains in the depth of the wound. Stab wounds and bite injuries can have serious complications, so anti-rabies and tetanus serum must be administered. Apply a sterile bandage and consult a doctor.

If the phalanx of the finger is torn off, it is necessary to stop the bleeding with a tourniquet, apply a sterile bandage and urgently go to the surgical hospital. The cut fragment is not washed.

It is wrapped in a clean (preferably sterile) napkin and placed in a plastic bag, which must be tightly tied. This bag is placed in another bag filled with snow or cold water.

During transportation, such a container must be kept in a suspended state in order to avoid tissue compression.

With incomplete detachment, the limb is immobilized and cooled. The incident should be immediately reported to the ambulance dispatcher and the victim should be taken to the surgical department as soon as possible. Often, the severed segment can be restored using microsurgical techniques. Here, the time elapsed since the injury is crucial.

The viability of the brush at a temperature below 4 degrees is maintained for 12 hours, at a higher temperature - up to 6 hours; with a finger injury, these terms are 16 and 8 hours, respectively.

Splinting

In case of injury to the hand and wrist joint, the limb must be immobilized. For this, standard tires or improvised means are used: boards, pieces of plywood or thick cardboard. The hand must be fixed in such a way that the fingers are slightly bent, the thumb is retracted, the hand is slightly bent to the back. A soft roller made of fabric or foam rubber should be placed in the palm of your hand.

The tire is bandaged to the palmar surface of the forearm from the elbow to the wrist, its end should protrude beyond the nail phalanges. It should not be strengthened too tightly, as the tissues swell quickly. The hand is placed on the scarf. The brush is raised with a healthy hand. It is useful to apply cold.

If your finger is damaged, you can use a ruler. It is bandaged or tied with a scarf from the middle of the forearm. The end of such a tire should protrude beyond the nail phalanx.

Bandages

You can bandage the wound with a regular bandage, adhesive tape, or use a small tubular bandage (recommended parts of the body are indicated on the packaging of such a dressing).

A spiral bandage is applied to one finger. They take a bandage 2-3 cm wide, wrap it around the wrist several times, then lower it obliquely along the back of the hand to the nail phalanx and begin to bandage the finger in a spiral, rising to its base.

Characteristic symptoms

The first manifestations of a wrist injury appear at the time of injury. The force impact causes a sharp pain, the nature of which depends on the strength of the blow. After a short period of time, pain subsides and may reappear after the development of edema or hematoma, when excess fluid irritates the nerve endings.

Swelling of the wrist appears gradually, spreading not only to the palm, but also to the back of the hand. Extensive hematomas appear under the skin, which can be located not only on the surface layers, but also in the depths of the soft tissues. Therefore, bruising often does not appear immediately, but within a few days.

The injured wrist turns red and becomes inactive. The decrease in motor activity is accompanied by pain when trying to clench the hand into a fist, straighten the fingers. The hand is painful on palpation, swelling can severely deform the hand.

In most cases, a wrist injury is complicated by the following symptoms:

• piercing pain radiating to the fingers;
• convulsive muscle contractions;
• contracture - tightening of the skin, preventing the full unclenching of the palm.

The addition of these clinical signs indicates a traumatic effect on the nervous tissue. In addition, severe wrist bruises occur in parallel with palm bruising, which makes the clinical picture more pronounced. Serious injuries may be accompanied by a violation of the microcirculation of the injured wrist and a deterioration in general well-being up to the development of collapse (loss of consciousness as a result of a sharp spasm of blood vessels).

Bruised wrist: causes, symptoms, first aid and treatment

The main cause of a bruised hand is the strong impact of a heavy object on it. Including injury often occurs during a fall, when the hands support the weight of a person. Such damage is especially common in everyday life and in sports, since the distal (lower) sections of the upper limbs are the most mobile and are involved in all types of activity.

A bruise is the least dangerous injury that can be received from a blow or a fall. The integrity of bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons is not violated, so the recovery takes place as soon as possible. However, a bruise can occur in combination with muscle strain and other injuries. In addition, in some cases, bruised wounds are diagnosed, which require longer treatment. In such patients, there is a violation of the integrity of the skin and subcutaneous soft tissues, but the bones remain intact.

Symptoms of injury appear immediately at the time of a fall or impact. The first of them is acute pain, which immediately gives reason to warm up the fracture. However, you should not immediately check the mobility of the arm and the integrity of the bones and joints: if they are injured, unsuccessful movements can provoke displacement of fragments.

The overall clinical picture immediately at the time of injury and within a day after it may differ. It includes the following features:

• pain, which can be acute or moderate - depends on the severity of the bruise, as well as on individual characteristics;
• decreased mobility of the hand, skin sensitivity disorders may occur;
• swelling - occurs on the back of the hand, can spread to the fingers and upper limbs;
• hematomas (bruises) - develop as a result of damage to small vessels and subcutaneous hemorrhage.

A severe bruise can be confused with a fracture due to the rapid onset of acute pain and reduced wrist mobility. However, the hand maintains the correct anatomical position, the victim can move in the carpal joint and in the fingers. Swelling of the soft tissues can also cause a violation of the blood supply and innervation of the hand, so there is a feeling of numbness. Pain and decreased sensation can spread to the forearm, with severe bruises - also to the shoulder.

A bruised wrist is a fairly common injury to the upper extremities, which, in addition to pain, can lead to serious consequences. Therefore, you should not refuse to see a doctor and undergo a course of treatment, because it depends on how quickly a full recovery will occur.

The main causes of such damage are:

• Fall with the emphasis of the entire weight of a person on the brush.
• Intense mechanical impact on the wrist area.

The main manifestations of injury are:

• Complaints about the feeling of pain, which increases if the patient tries to move his hand. The patient is concerned about intense pain immediately after injury and for a certain period of time after injury to the hand. There are a large number of nerve endings in the wrist area and in some cases, pain can radiate to other parts of the limb: for example, fingers.
• Limited mobility of the affected limb.
• The formation of edema, which, due to the looseness of the soft tissues in this area, quickly spreads to the back of the hand.
• In some cases, bruises and hematomas may form.

Even if the pain and swelling are not intense, it is better to consult a doctor to confirm the diagnosis and continue treatment at home.

First aid

In case of a wrist injury, it is important to properly provide first aid to the victim.

In the future, it will be necessary to describe in detail to the doctor what procedures were involved as first aid, what drugs the patient took at what dosage.

Treatment

Before proceeding with the treatment of a wrist injury, the doctor conducts an oral survey: he learns about the complaints that arise, as well as the circumstances under which the injury was received.

It is mandatory to take an x-ray to distinguish a bruise from a dislocation, sprain or fracture. The selection of a treatment strategy can only be carried out by a qualified, experienced surgeon or traumatologist.

• The injured limb must be kept at rest. It is not recommended to lift heavy objects, food bags, etc. with an injured hand.
• With a severe bruise, the use of elastic bandages for the wrist, which are sold in pharmacies, is recommended. The duration of immobilization can be up to 14 days, after which the doctor will conduct a second examination and allow you to gradually return to your usual physical activity.
• Dry heat may be used 72 hours after the injury. To do this, a small amount of salt is heated in a pan, poured into a cloth bag or handkerchief and applied to the affected area until the contents cool. Alternatively, the application of warm paraffin wax applications, as well as the use of heating pads, is acceptable.
• Baths based on sea or table salt with the addition of essential oils have a good therapeutic effect. At the same time, it is worth remembering that strong steaming of the affected limb should not be allowed.

On the recommendation of a doctor, traditional medicine recipes may be involved. To eliminate edema, you can use vegetable oil, vinegar and boiled water. All ingredients are mixed in equal proportions, heated in a water bath and applied to the fabric. The compress must be applied to the affected area for 20-30 minutes. From above, you can wrap the fabric with polyethylene.

• Locally applied drugs with analgesic and anti-inflammatory action in the form of ointments and compresses. To eliminate pain and swelling, topical preparations from the NSAID group (Ketonal gel, Bystrumgel, Diclak gel) can be used.
• To enhance the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, the application of compresses is recommended: a mixture of Dimexide with Novocaine in proportion. The duration of the compress is 30-40 minutes.

After the doctor allows you to remove the fixing bandage and the immobilization process is completed, massage can be used, which helps to normalize blood circulation, eliminate congestion, stiffness, and edema.

• Massage can be performed independently: for this, it is necessary to make careful massaging movements in the direction from the fingertips to the base of the hand.
• You can also take a course of therapeutic massage, entrusting the procedure to a qualified specialist.

In addition to massage, therapeutic exercises may be involved, the selection of which is carried out by a doctor. Therapeutic exercises can be started as early as 72 hours after the injury.

The patient performs flexion and extension movements with the hands of the limbs, careful circular movements are allowed. In the process of performing the movement, the wrist should be fixed.

The lack of timely, qualified assistance or non-compliance with the doctor's recommendations is fraught with the development of complications.

Bruises on the palmar surface can provoke damage to the ulnar and median nerves located close to the skin. As a result, it is possible to develop pain that radiates to the area of ​​​​the fingers, as well as impaired sensitivity.

Over time, there may be complaints of difficulty when trying to make motor movements with fingers and a brush.

• To eliminate this complication, vitamin complexes rich in B vitamins and folic acid, drugs that normalize vascular permeability, as well as elements of physiotherapy are used.
• In severe cases, surgery may be required, during which the surgeon dissects the carpal ligaments and performs all the necessary manipulations in the area of ​​nerve endings.

One of the most serious complications that can occur at a later stage from the moment of injury is the development of Zudek's syndrome, accompanied by trophic and vascular disorders.

In this case, there is the development of intense edema in the area of ​​the wrist joint and hand, the skin becomes bluish and may become cold to the touch. The nail plates are significantly thinner, can become brittle and brittle.

X-rays indicate manifestations of osteoporosis. As a therapy, medications are used that have a muscle relaxant, analgesic effect, as well as vitamin complexes, vascular preparations.

A bruise of the hand during a fall and upon impact is most common, but there is a possibility of getting injured for other reasons:

1. Clamping of the hand (at the door).
2. Sudden collision with various objects and objects.
3. Injuries resulting from sports activities.
4. In a child, damage can occur if the baby falls, as well as during games.

Symptoms of a hand injury

A bruise of the palm, metacarpal bones, left or right hand has certain signs:

1. Pain in the area of ​​the hand. It can be transferred to the forearm or to the fingers.
2. Hematomas and subcutaneous hemorrhages. They do not appear immediately, but after a few hours.
3. Problems with motor function.
4. Edema.
5. Numb feeling.
6. Redness of the skin.
7. Reduced sensitivity.

One of the symptoms that distinguishes a bruise from a fracture is the preservation of the functionality of the hand, despite possible difficulties. Any attempt to fully move the arm causes severe pain. If the bruise is very strong, pulsation, burning and convulsions may be felt. There is a chance of fainting due to severe pain.

Signs of a bruised hand in a fall or impact include:

• pain in the area of ​​injury. Initially, the pain is quite strong, in the future it becomes aching and intensifies during physical exertion;
• hematoma on the back of the hand or on the palm;
• feeling of discomfort in the fingers or shoulder area;
• weakness and numbness of the limb, decreased sensitivity;
• swelling that persists for several days and can spread to a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe arm;
• difficulty with hand movements.

With mild bruises of the wrist, unpleasant symptoms occur in the first hours after the bruise and disappear within a day, in some cases a bruise remains. In case of serious injuries, signs of damage can be observed for 2-3 weeks, especially if the right (working) hand is bruised.

Bruised or fractured wrist?

It is difficult to establish the nature of the damage by clinical signs alone. A wrist fracture is difficult to diagnose, but there are a number of symptoms that suggest that a wrist bruise is complicated by a fracture.

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The difference between a bruise and a fracture:

• If the integrity of the bones is violated, the pain takes on an intense chronic character, with a bruise, pain appears when moving.
• It is impossible to clench the hand into a fist and hold objects in it during fractures.
• When visually examining a bruised wrist, an increase can be observed; in case of a fracture, the hand can be deformed due to displacement of bone fragments.
• After a bruise, the wrist responds to a palpation examination with pain, the fracture is accompanied by characteristic crepitus in the area of ​​damage.

A bruised hand is a closed tissue injury, usually resulting from a blow or fall. It can be accompanied not only by damage to the muscles, subcutaneous tissue and dermis with the formation of a hematoma, but also by joints and bone segments - the elbow, phalanges of the fingers, and the shoulder.

The key point that distinguishes a bruise from other injuries is the integrity of the skin. How to treat a bruised hand depends on the extent and symptoms of the injury. Let's look at it in order.

A bruise can be obtained during physical activity - by negligence, with an accidental fall. Such injuries are common at home, while playing sports, in winter, when there is ice on the street.

Children fall into a separate risk group, since they are active, and people engaged in physical labor - builders, loaders, laborers. The chance of getting a bruise of the hand, elbow or shoulder increases if safety rules are not followed both at home and at work.

Symptoms of a bruise

A bruised shoulder is accompanied by pain and swelling, after some time a bluish-red bruise occurs, which eventually becomes yellow-green. A hematoma appears due to damage to blood vessels - blood flows out of them and accumulates in soft tissues along with interstitial fluid.

If the arm does not rise, then the tendons of the shoulder rotator cuff are torn - this requires the immediate help of a traumatologist.

The larger the size of the bruise and the intensity of its color, the larger the vessels were affected, and the longer the healing of the hand bruise takes. Symptoms of a blow to the elbow also include hematoma and swelling. The pain is more pronounced, since there are many large nerve fibers here, and movements are constrained.

If 2-3 days after the injury, pain and limited mobility of the elbow do not decrease, this indicates damage to the periosteum or accumulation of fluid in the joint - the help of a traumatologist in this case is required.

When a hand or wrist is bruised, loss of sensation in this place due to nerve damage is often added to the symptoms. Symptoms such as deformity and impaired movement of the fingers, severe swelling that does not subside can be signs of a fracture.

First aid for a hand injury is:

• apply cold to the bruised area for 20-40 minutes to relieve pain and swelling;
• in the presence of open wounds, scratches, treat the skin with an antiseptic - brilliant green, hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, you can sprinkle the wound with Cefazolin powder;
• provide the hand with complete rest by fixing it in a fixed position with an elastic bandage;
• if the pain is severe, take an analgesic drug (Analgin, Solpadein, Ibuprofen, Pentalgin) orally;
• local ointments or gels with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects - Diclofenac, Gevkamen help to quickly cure a bruised hand, relieve swelling and pain.

In the first hours after the injury, you can not lubricate the bruise with an ointment with a warming effect (Apizatron, Virapin, Finalgon, Rescuer Forte) or apply any heat. They are used later 1-2 days after the swelling and soreness have subsided to resolve the hematoma and reduce inflammation in the tissues.

For 2-3 days, you can apply not only warming ointments, but also simple warm compresses. In terms of healing bruises, Indovazin, Troxevasin, Badyaga cream, Bruise-off are effective.

If a child’s hand is bruised, after first aid, it will not be superfluous to see a doctor to rule out a fracture, rupture or sprain. If such injuries are left unnoticed, then in the future the bones may not grow together correctly, and scars may form in the tendon area.

At home, the treatment of a hand bruise during a fall or blow can be carried out using folk remedies - compresses from onion gruel, raw or warm boiled potatoes, cloth soaked in a decoction of bitter wormwood, parsley leaves, succession or plantain.

Apply them for 2 hours two or three times a day.

To relieve swelling and resorption of bruises, essential oils are effective - lavender, thyme or rosemary. They cannot be used in their pure form. Add 3-4 drops of phyto essence to 2 tbsp. l. olive, sunflower or any other fatty oil and gently lubricate the bruised area 2-3 times a day.

Complications of a hand injury include:

• fractures;
• hemorrhages;
• tendon rupture;
• damage to the periosteum;
• rupture of the walls of large vessels and thrombosis;
• suppuration of the hematoma.

The defeat of nerve fibers is accompanied by a violation of the motor and sensory functions of the limb. If blood vessels are damaged, then due to the rupture of their walls and the formation of blood clots, tissue necrosis can become a consequence of a bruise. When an injury is accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the skin, the risk of infection is high, so it is important to disinfect the wound immediately.

You can’t lean on your hand, you can’t bend your finger. The swelling is strong, the hematoma is extensive, they increase, increasing the severity of the pain, which does not subside even after several hours.

When the arm is fractured, the arm may be immobilized, arched unnaturally, or a painful bulge appears.

If your hand is injured, do not do the following:

• warm the injured area immediately after the impact - this will only increase the flow of blood into the tissues, and the swelling will increase;
• massaging and rubbing the hand - because of this, the bruising will increase, and if there is a fracture, then the bone fragments can affect the nerves and large blood vessels;
• intentionally try to make movements with a limb;
• put pressure on the hematoma or open it.

For half an hour, apply cold to the site of injury (ice, a bag of food from the freezer) or hold your hand under a stream of cold water, treat your finger with an antiseptic.

If the nail plate is damaged or exfoliated, fix it with a plaster, and ensure rest for the brush. After 5-6 hours, apply Diclofenac gel to the sore spot, and the next day, use warming ointments or a warm compress to relieve swelling and inflammation.

If the pain and swelling of the finger is very strong and does not decrease, be sure to consult a traumatologist.

You can injure your wrist in situations:

• the weight of the body during the fall fell on the outstretched arm;
• there was a pinching of the hand between objects;
• hitting a hard object
• the blow landed on the wrist.

With a severe bruise, soft tissues are damaged, small vessels and nerves are compressed, and the skin, bones and connective tissue of the joint remain intact.

Symptoms of a bruised wrist and the degree of their severity appear gradually. This injury is characterized by:

• Strong pain sensations. The peak occurs at the time of injury and for some time after it, then the pain subsides a little. A new surge is observed after a couple of hours, when edematous tissues begin to compress the nerve endings. More often there is a pain of a pulsating nature or burning, although it can manifest itself in any variation.
• The appearance of swelling, if there is internal bleeding. Moreover, the back of the hand also swells due to its loose fiber.
• Loss of sensation. It can be either complete or partial, it occurs due to pinched nerve endings.
• Restriction of mobility. Occurs due to swelling, hand movements are painful.
• The appearance of subcutaneous hemorrhage. A wrist bruise is rarely accompanied by extensive hematomas.
• Hyperemia may occur - against the background of an increase in blood flow, reddening of the skin is noted at the site of the bruise.

Traumatologists note that a bruised wrist, in most cases, accompanies a bruised palm. To the symptoms of a bruised wrist, ailments will be added:

• very sharp pain in the injured area, radiating to the fingers;
• contracture - a feeling of contraction;
• seizures may occur.

Such an associated injury, if not properly treated, is very dangerous and threatens with trophoneurotic (impaired microcirculation) disorders and degenerative changes in the bones of the wrist, which are difficult to treat.

A severe bruise of the wrist can provoke a deterioration in the well-being of the victim. Nausea, dizziness and fainting are an incomplete list of possible side effects.

It is worth noting that general malaise may indicate a wrist fracture.

A fracture of the bones of the wrist is considered the most difficult to diagnose and treat, since damage to small bones at the base of the hand is almost invisible on x-rays.

The main symptoms of a wrist fracture must be known, as well as be able to distinguish them from a bruise. This will be useful when providing first aid to the victim.

Distinctive signs of a wrist fracture:

• Severe pain is permanent or can only get worse.
• Increasing pain with movement. It is impossible to clench a fist, it is impossible to take an object in hand.
• The hand can be deformed (due to the displacement of bone fragments), displaced along the axis.
• When feeling, you can hear the characteristic crunch of bone fragments. It is better not to touch the limb on purpose, as you can do more harm.
• An open fracture is not difficult to recognize.

The only correct diagnosis can be made only by a qualified specialist, using additional diagnostic methods (radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging). If a fracture is suspected, the limb should be splinted (splinted) and cold applied, thereby causing vasoconstriction. With an open fracture, it is better to apply a sterile bandage.

Diagnosis and treatment

To determine the type of injury, the victim must be delivered to the trauma center. A wrist bruise can only be accurately diagnosed by a qualified medical professional. After a visual examination, the patient is sent for radiography, which in most cases gives an exhaustive result. If it is necessary to evaluate soft tissues, magnetic resonance imaging is performed.

With a wrist injury, the accuracy of diagnosis is of great importance for the choice of treatment tactics and successful rehabilitation of the hand after an injury. The maximum preservation of fine motor skills is extremely important for maintaining the ability to perform complex movements in everyday life or in the workplace.

A severe bruise of the hand needs a mandatory diagnosis by a doctor and subsequent qualified treatment of a bruised hand. Many are concerned about the question of how to determine a fracture, because the symptoms of these two injuries are very similar. It is possible to understand exactly whether this is a bruise or a fracture of the arm only with the help of an x-ray. Treatment is given after the diagnosis is made.

Remember that it is impossible to distinguish a fracture from a bruise on your own. The doctor makes a diagnosis based on the examination and X-ray. The main signs of a wrist fracture include:

1. Acute pain and complete loss of working capacity of the hand.
2. The presence of subcutaneous bleeding.
3. Inability to take something in the hand when the hand is broken, rotate the hand or move the fingers if they are also injured.
4. Inability to lean on a broken arm.
5. Unnatural mobility of the hand, it seems that it just dangles.

It is important for the victim to learn how to quickly heal a bruise or sprain. To relieve swelling, it is worth using medications - creams, gels and ointments. You can choose Ketotifen, Diclofenac sodium, Ibuprofen, which are considered the most popular. It is recommended to smear them with an injured hand 3 times a day. In this case, application to open wounds is unacceptable.

In the presence of hematomas and bruises, you can use "Badyaga". It is applied to the arm in layers and bandaged. After a day, the use of camphor oil is allowed, which is used to lubricate the hand. Twice a day, it is recommended to rub the bruised area with the help of an alcoholic tincture of wild rosemary, which tends to remove the tumor.

If the bruise hurts for a long time, you should re-contact your doctor. With such injuries, there is a possibility of developing complications that take longer and require additional treatment, for example, physiotherapy or reflexology.

Interested in how to treat a bruised hand, many choose home treatment with folk remedies. A compress is called a good remedy; it can help even on the first day, if applied cold. In the composition in the same proportions of water, vinegar and vegetable oil. The resulting therapeutic agent is smeared on the hand and bandaged.

Chlorophyll will help relieve inflammation. To do this, you need to take the leaves and grind to the state of gruel. The resulting composition lubricates the injured area, excluding open wounds. Sea salt baths will help relieve or reduce pain. 200 grams of salt is enough for 5 liters of water. After compiling the bath, they lower their hand into it for half an hour. If the liquid cools down, it is necessary to add hot.

Bruised spine

It is famous for its healing properties and aloe. At home, an ointment can be obtained from this plant. It is enough to take honey and aloe in equal amounts. The resulting mixture is applied to the damaged area of ​​the brush. This composition has an excellent ability to relieve pain.

Wrist injury treatment and rehabilitation

The healing period of the wrist after an injury can take up to a month. For a speedy recovery, you need to treat the injured hand, using all the doctor's prescriptions.

1. Eliminate possible loads. It is advisable to follow this rule for at least a week and until the pain syndrome passes.
2. Wear an elastic bandage on the wrist joint for 3 to 10 days, depending on the severity of the injury. With a serious bruise, an orthosis is used.
3. Use anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs (including creams and ointments).
4. Do warming up, but not earlier than 3-4 days after the injury. For these purposes, bags with salt or sand, heating pads, blue lamp light, paraffin therapy, warm herbal baths and baths with sea salt are suitable. Dry heat is used for 30-40 minutes 2 times a day. Water when using baths should not be warmer than 38 degrees (36 degrees for saline). Water procedures take 5 minutes of time. It is impossible to steam an injured limb.
5. Apply compresses to the injury site not earlier than 3 days after the injury (withstand 40 minutes). You can use half-alcohol wet dressings or a compress from a 25% solution of novocaine and dimexide.

During the rehabilitation period, restorative gymnastics and massage sessions will be useful. They can be done no earlier than the third day after injury.

Exercises for physical therapy are best performed under the supervision of an exercise therapy room trainer and only with a fixed wrist joint:

• rotational movements of the brush;
• squeezing and unclenching fingers and phalanges;
• circular movements with fingers;
• exercises for the development of fine motor skills;
• tapping on the surface with each finger individually;
• ball rolling.

Do not rush to do exercises, overcoming pain.

Healing gymnastics activates blood circulation and helps to avoid a possible problem of mobility of the finger joints.

Therapeutic massage of the limb should be performed by a specialist and only when all devices that fix the hand are removed. But at home, you can use techniques:

• stroking;
• tingling;
• light pressure;
• patting on the hand.

After a bruise, the hand needs to be restored. To do this, you need to develop it through simple exercises:

1. The palm should be placed on the table and the fingers should be drummed on its surface. The exercise is very similar to imitation of playing the piano.
2. You need to sit down and straighten your back. The palms are folded together and swayed from side to side according to the principle of the metronome. At the same time, during the exercise, you should act carefully so as not to damage the brush.
3. The injured hand is placed on the surface of the table and pressed firmly without undue pressure. The exercise consists in trying to lift your fingers from the countertop up.
4. The hand is turned with the palm towards you. A small object is placed in the palm of your hand, for example, an eraser or a matchbox. It is gently squeezed with fingers.
5. Small balls are also recommended, which are moved between the fingers to restore blood circulation.

Important! These exercises can be started no earlier than on the third day after the bruise. In difficult cases, it is worth consulting with a specialist.

If you can’t restore the functionality of the brush on your own, you can sign up for a professional massage course. Self-massage also helps. It involves gradual kneading of the hand from the fingertips to the wrist. This helps to get rid of puffiness faster.

With severe bruises, the doctor prescribes additional acupuncture. The sensitivity of the hand is usually restored after several procedures. Compliance with the recommendations is the key to returning the functionality of the limb in 10-15 days.

Prevention

To prevent a bruised wrist, it is enough to be careful and avoid injury:

• wear comfortable shoes for the season;
• do not get involved in extreme sports;
• observe safety precautions in the workplace.

If an injury has occurred, go to a trauma center for an accurate diagnosis, even if at first glance it seems that the damage is not dangerous.

If the joints of the arms and legs begin to hurt, immediately remove from the diet ...

Orthopedist: “If your knees and lower back start to hurt, make it a habit…

With pain in the joints, neck or back, there is a severe shortage in the body ...

Complications and consequences

In case of trauma to the wrist joint, the median and ulnar nerves can be damaged, which will lead to loss of sensitivity, impaired motor activity and trophic disorders (violation of cellular nutrition processes).

Such damage is characterized by pain that shoots into the fingers, subsequently it becomes more and more difficult to straighten them and the hand is deformed. As a treatment, the doctor will prescribe physiological procedures, drugs that restore the functioning of blood vessels, and the intake of B vitamins.

You can also face the problem of nerve compression, this happens due to severe swelling. In this case, the only solution is surgery.

Zudek's syndrome is the most common complication in the absence of proper treatment. It is accompanied by a violation in the work of the vascular system and the manifestation of trophic deviations. The hand at the site of the bruise swells strongly, the skin acquires an unnatural bluish hue and shine, the integument becomes cold. Nails may break.

Aggravates the condition of progressive osteoporosis, in which bone tissue suffers greatly. Reduced bone density and strength, which significantly increases the risk of fractures. To treat the consequences of Zudek's atrophy, an integrated approach is used:

• the use of medications (analgesics, vitamins, drugs that relieve muscle tension and improve vascular function);
• passing a course of physiological procedures (massage, exercise therapy, acupuncture).

If a bruised wrist is diagnosed with a blow or a fall, then you should not delay treatment. An irresponsible attitude to one's health can lead to complications associated with dysfunction of the upper limb.

To date, almost all complications are treated. At the same time, they can be avoided if you contact a specialist in a timely manner and follow the recommendations regarding treatment in the future.

megan92 2 weeks ago

Tell me, who is struggling with pain in the joints? My knees hurt terribly ((I drink painkillers, but I understand that I am struggling with the consequence, and not with the cause ... Nifiga does not help!

Daria 2 weeks ago

I struggled with my sore joints for several years until I read this article by some Chinese doctor. And for a long time I forgot about the "incurable" joints. Such are the things

megan92 13 days ago

Daria 12 days ago

megan92, so I wrote in my first comment) Well, I'll duplicate it, it's not difficult for me, catch - link to professor's article.

Sonya 10 days ago

Isn't this a divorce? Why the Internet sell ah?

Yulek26 10 days ago

Sonya, what country do you live in? .. They sell on the Internet, because shops and pharmacies set their margins brutal. In addition, payment is only after receipt, that is, they first looked, checked and only then paid. Yes, and now everything is sold on the Internet - from clothes to TVs, furniture and cars.

Editorial response 10 days ago

Sonya, hello. This drug for the treatment of joints is really not sold through the pharmacy network in order to avoid inflated prices. Currently, you can only order Official website. Be healthy!

Sonya 10 days ago

Sorry, I didn't notice at first the information about the cash on delivery. Then, it's OK! Everything is in order - exactly, if payment upon receipt. Thanks a lot!!))

Margo 8 days ago

Has anyone tried traditional methods of treating joints? Grandmother does not trust pills, the poor woman has been suffering from pain for many years ...

Andrew a week ago

What kind of folk remedies I have not tried, nothing helped, it only got worse ...

The most common injury is a bruised hand during a fall, which is accompanied by swelling. The resulting hematoma compresses the nerve endings, it becomes painful to move the fingers and wrist. When the swelling and pain go away, there is a feeling that everything has healed. But this is not the case, and you should definitely consult a traumatologist for advice.

Classification

A bruised hand is an injury to soft tissues, ligaments, or joints. In this case, the bones remain intact, and the skin is not broken. Classify 3 degrees of damage to the brush:

1. Light form. Severe pain occurs at the time of the bruise and immediately passes. May reappear after a few hours. External damage is not visible, but minor bruising may occur. The brush works freely, without disturbance. Within 3-4 days, the symptoms completely disappear.
2. Medium form. The pain in the arm lasts until the bruise heals. In the area of ​​damage, a hematoma of medium size occurs. Due to the emerging pain, the performance of the hand decreases. Signs indicating injury will go away after 30 days.
3. Severe form. Severe pain when probing the affected area and during movement indicates a high degree of injury. A large bruise appears on the damaged area, the patient feels the bruise pulsate. At the same time, the body temperature rises. To exclude a fracture, dislocation and rupture of ligaments, you should contact a medical institution.

Causes

Basically, a bruise of the hand when falling occurs during summer holidays or in ice. Falling, a person instinctively tries to protect himself and throws his hands forward. Due to the large body mass, the impact on the arm increases and instead of a bruise, a fracture or dislocation may form. But you can get injured not only when falling on your hands, but also during other actions. It can be:

• simple sports;
• Street fight;
• heavy physical work;
• industrial injuries;
• careless handling when using household appliances.

If you look at the statistics, you can see that in most cases the elderly and children get injured. It always happens by the same mechanism. Small vessels and capillaries rupture, blood enters under the skin and a hematoma is formed. In addition to falls, you can get bruised hands on impact. This happens during construction or repair work. People involved in extreme sports also often suffer from injuries.

Symptoms

Having received a severe injury to the hand, a person experiences pain shock. And to determine the extent of damage immediately fails. Because of this, various complications arise. You can diagnose the area and form of a bruise by symptoms. The first symptom, which manifests itself gradually, is aching pain:

1. Then the hematoma begins to grow. It acquires a red-burgundy or black color. This shade depends on the place of rupture of blood vessels. Gradually, the color changes to purple and yellow.
2. The appearance of a hematoma on the surface of the palm or on the back of the hand.
3. If the joint was damaged, then pain appears when it is flexed and unbent.
4. Sometimes a bruised hand is accompanied by fainting or pain shock.
5. Swelling appears in the joint area.
6. The limb may become temporarily numb without pain being felt.
7. The blow is accompanied by pain, which can be transmitted not only to the fingers, but also to the forearm. The stronger the blow, the stronger the pain.

What to do with a hand injury?

After an injury occurs, the victim must be given first aid. Although there may be no external signs, the damage can be severe. Therefore, the first thing to do is to immobilize the hand, fixing it securely. And then remove the swelling. Sometimes a brush bruise is accompanied by cuts, so the damaged areas are disinfected.

First aid

If there is a bruise of the wrist, then you need to provide first aid. The correct actions will help not to complicate the situation:

1. The hand is fixed with an elastic bandage. In the event of a fracture or dislocation, this will help to immobilize it as much as possible. After 1.5 hours, the bandage is removed.
2. Immediately after the impact, cold is applied to the damaged area. It will relieve swelling and reduce hematoma. Often use ice or products from the freezer. Cold water can be used instead of ice. They lower their hand into it for 5 minutes. It is not recommended to increase the duration of the procedure.
3. All wounds (abrasions and scratches) are treated with an antiseptic. This will prevent infection.
4. The pain will go away if you take an analgesic (Analgin, No-shpu or Nise). For mild cases, anesthetic ointment is used.

After providing first aid, the patient is taken to the emergency room for a specialist to diagnose a bruised palm.

How to treat a bruised hand?

If the doctor, after palpation, ruled out a fracture and dislocation, then the bruise can be treated at home. The course of treatment is agreed with the doctor. Painkillers are taken to relieve pain. Treatment for a bruised hand also includes the application of cold compresses. The compress is applied for 15 minutes with an interval of 1-2 hours.

After 3 days, warm compresses are made with the help of gels and ointments from bruises. Warming up with a blue lamp helps a lot. Physiotherapy and massage will help speed up the healing process. During injuries, it is necessary to take vitamins, this will strengthen the cartilage tissue.

Medical preparations

With a strong bruise of the hand, external medicines help well. They have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and absorbable properties, these are:

• Heparin ointment;
• Troxevasin;
• Virapin;
• Livolin.

Adhering to the instructions for use, the ointment is rubbed up to 3 times a day. Before application, the skin is cleansed and dried. The ointment will help relieve pain. The course of treatment is 7 days or more, depending on the degree of damage.

Dimexide has warming and absorbing properties. If you constantly make compresses on its basis, you will be able to eliminate the pain of a bruised hand at home. The gauze cloth is moistened in a solution of Dimexide and applied to the affected area. Top wrapped with a plastic bag and wrapped with a bandage. After 30 minutes, the compress is removed.

Folk remedies

The most natural and safest treatment for a bruised wrist is with folk remedies. Simple and affordable household products are as effective as medicines:

1. Potato. The raw vegetable is cut into small circles and applied for 20 minutes to the damaged area. This will eliminate the swelling and reduce the hematoma. Before going to bed, it is recommended to make compresses from mashed potatoes. Potatoes are boiled, mashed, sunflower oil and honey are added. The finished mixture is applied to the hand, wrapped with polyethylene and bandaged.
2. Onion. Gauze fabric is processed in onion gruel and applied to a sore spot. Then wrapped with a plastic bag and fixed with a bandage. The compress is removed after 30 minutes.
3. Parsley. The greens are finely chopped and applied to the bruise or baths are made from the decoction.

The main home treatment for a hand injury is the use of painkillers and cold.

Rehabilitation

The rehabilitation process consists of kneading the fingers and massage. If the bruise of the brush is insignificant, then the massage is done after 3 days. In case of severe damage - after 10 days. The brush is carefully massaged, drawing out movements along the entire length of the fingers. Stretching exercises:

• with an effort to rest the palms against the surface of the table;
• put the brush on the surface and raise your fingers up;
• circular movements;
• tap the drum roll on the surface of the table.

These exercises will help to develop a damaged hand and fully restore motor function.

According to statistics, bruised hands are the most injured parts of the body. The fact is that in the process of falling, a person instinctively throws them forward. As a result, he can get a severe bruise of the hand.

Severe bruising of the hand: how to treat

The following cases provoke an unpleasant situation:

• Hit;
• Clamping of the hand;
• The fall;
• Injury as a result of performing sports exercises.

A bruise is an injury to soft tissues, skin. It can be accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the ligaments and bones. A minor bruise does not give much discomfort. However, bruising may occur. If the injury is severe, an impressive hematoma will appear. There may also be pulsation and pain during movement. In this case, it is mandatory to visit the emergency room. In it, you will be examined for cracks in the bone, tendon rupture, fracture, dislocation.

Important! A bruised hand is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. Emergence.
2. Decreased sensitivity in the hand.
3. Redness of the skin.
4. Pain that may radiate to other parts of the arm.
5. Puffiness.
6. Difficulty in moving a limb.

In the wrist, as you know, there are nerve trunks. As a result, pain due to injury can be bright, then subside, and then reappear. A severe bruise of the hand gives different sensations: burning, throbbing, aching pain, convulsions.

How to distinguish a bruise from a fracture

Symptoms of a bruise and a fracture of the hand are very similar. Attention! An x-ray will help determine the exact nature of the injury. If the hand is swollen, the bone is most likely affected. But if the swelling gradually fades away, this indicates a bruise or dislocation.

A fracture can be recognized by some of the symptoms. This is bleeding under the skin that does not stop, acute pain and loss of motor ability of the hand. If you observe these phenomena, you should immediately go to the doctor. A signal that you have a fracture in front of you may also be an unnatural mobility of the arm - the limb will hang out. Also, a person whose hand bone is broken is not able to lean on it, to hold any objects. This is not seen with injury.

What to do immediately after an injury

First aid for damage to the hand is that you should immediately apply ice or something cold to it. It can be bottled water, food from the freezer, etc. If you prefer ice, it should be applied to the skin, wrapped in a cloth. Otherwise, you can get. Keeping ice and cold foods on your wrist is allowed for no longer than 15 minutes.

Important! Folk remedies can also be used as first aid for trauma. A good effect is given by grated potatoes and a cabbage leaf. Presented lotions can be left overnight. Then they are removed and a grid of iodine is drawn to restore blood circulation.

If the hand hurts a lot, it is worth using an analgesic, for example, No-shpu. In the absence of external damage to the skin, a healing cream can be applied. It is also recommended to fix the hand using a bandage.

Attention! Strongly pulling a limb, intending to set it, is prohibited! So you make it even worse. The best option is to go to the hospital for x-rays.

The use of painkillers and folk remedies

If there is a bruise of the right hand or the left, it is recommended to use medicines to relieve swelling. The best creams on the market are Diclofenac Sodium, Ketotifen, Ibuprofen. Gels and ointments are recommended to be applied 3 times a day. It is not allowed to apply them on abrasions and scratches.

If a large hematoma appears, you can apply "Badyagu". It is applied in several layers, and then a bandage is applied. A day after the bruise of the hand was received, the treatment is continued with the help of camphor oil. They just lubricate the hand. You can buy the remedy at any pharmacy. Also, 2 times a day, you can rub the affected area with an alcohol tincture of wild rosemary.

Another effective way that can help is a compress. It is prepared from the following components, taken in equal parts:

• Vegetable oil;
• Vinegar;
• Water.

They are mixed and applied cold on the brush on the first day. A bandage is applied on top of the hand. The procedure should be repeated 3 times a day. On the second and third day, the compress is applied again, but already in a warm form.

Any herb can also relieve inflammation, or rather, the chlorophyll that it contains. Pound any leaves to a state of gruel. As a result, juice should appear, which will lubricate the affected area.

Another option to get rid of pain is to take sea salt baths. 5 liters of water are taken, 200 g of salt are dissolved in them. Then it is worth lowering your hand into the resulting solution for half an hour. As it cools, add hot water.

The healing qualities of aloe are known to all. From the plant you can get an ointment for bruises. Aloe slurry and honey are taken in equal parts. The resulting mixture is applied to the affected area. It relieves pain well.

Lotions from the root of the burnet root will help stop the internal hemorrhage. They are great for relieving pain. The crushed root of the plant is taken, it is boiled for several minutes. Then cool, wrap in a bandage and apply to the site of injury.

All the presented methods are effective and quite simple in execution. However, if they do not help, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Possible Complications

Bruising of the hand upon impact, the treatment of which is best done after consulting a doctor, can give various complications. If the blow itself fell on the palm, the ulnar nerve may be damaged. Physiotherapy and taking vitamins will help bring it back to normal.

It happens that nerve endings are compressed due to a tumor in the arm. In this case, you should contact the surgeon. He will cut the ligament of the wrist where the nerve trunks are.

In some cases, osteoporosis can develop due to a bruise. He is treated with reflexology and physiotherapy.

How to develop a hand

After treatment, it is necessary to perform actions that will help restore the limb. These are simple exercises available for use at home:

• Imitation of playing the piano. Place your palm on the table, drum your fingers on its surface;
• Sit with your back straight. Put your palms together and swing them from side to side like a metronome. It is necessary to perform the exercise as carefully as possible;
• Place your hand on the table so that the palm is firmly pressed. Gently lift your fingers up from the countertop;
• Turn your hand with your palm facing you. Put an eraser in it. Squeeze it with your fingers;
• To restore blood circulation, move small balls between your fingers.

Attention! You can carry out the presented exercises only after 3 days have passed from the date of the bruise. If you are not confident in your abilities, you can sign up for a massage with a specialist. Self-massage should also help. Perform it like this: with a healthy hand, starting from the fingertips, slowly knead the hand to the wrist. As a result, the swelling will pass faster.

With severe bruises, the doctor may prescribe acupuncture. Just a few procedures will restore the sensitivity of the hand. Proper adherence to the recommendations of a specialist will lead to recovery in just 10-15 days. Ignoring treatment can cause serious problems with the brush.

Treatment of a bruised hand resulting from a fall or blow is based on the results of instrumental studies. This type of injury is characterized by multiple subcutaneous hemorrhages, visualized as hematomas. Often, with bruises, ruptures of tissues, joints and tendons are diagnosed, accompanied by a severe pain syndrome. In the therapeutic schemes of patients, traumatologists include pharmacological preparations for internal and external use, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-edematous activity. To enhance the clinical efficacy of drugs, physiotherapeutic procedures are carried out, and sometimes it becomes necessary to empty significant hemorrhages and traumatic synovitis using puncture or arthrotomy.

Treatment tactics

The hand, or distal part of the upper limb, consists of the bones of the wrist, metacarpus, and fingers (phalanges). Her bruise belongs to a large group of injuries, most often detected among closed injuries. The complex anatomical structure of the hand becomes the reason for a thorough differential diagnosis of X-ray examination. Only after the exclusion of fractures, and sometimes the patient is prescribed treatment. When choosing conservative therapeutic methods, the attending physician must take into account which part of the hand was injured:

• bruising of the fingers is manifested by severe symptoms: strong hemorrhages, swelling, the occurrence of a protective restriction of the mobility of the fingers of reflex pathogenesis are characteristic;
• a bruised metacarpus can provoke a protective reflex of the fingers if the person has not been helped in a timely manner. In contrast to damage to other parts of the hand, injury to the metacarpus is visualized as extensive hematomas both on the inner surface and on the palm;
• wrist bruises are rarely isolated, may be accompanied by nerve damage, manifested by acute pain, radiating to the fingers, convulsive contracture. Sometimes wrist injuries complicate neurotic disorders, dystrophic changes in the bones.

The most pronounced clinical manifestations occur when the entire hand is injured. The cause is not a blow, but squeezing of varying degrees of duration. The pain syndrome is often combined with shock, fainting, and a decrease in the functional activity of the hand. Medical attention is not required if there are only such signs of injury:

• weak intensity of pain that occurs only when touching the injured part of the hand;
• slight swelling, swelling;
• no damage to the skin;
• a small hematoma that does not spread to neighboring tissues.

If there are wounds, scratches, abrasions on the skin, then their improper treatment will lead to infection with pathogenic bacteria with the development of symptoms of general intoxication of the body. In such cases, antibiotic therapy is needed using external and local preparations that have a wide range of side effects.

With severe bruises of the hand, electrophoresis with anesthetics is used - novocaine, trimecaine, lidocaine. During the procedure, under the influence of electric current, they penetrate into the deepest tissues, stopping the inflammatory process, quickly eliminating discomfort and swelling.

A group of pharmacological preparations for external use used in the treatment of hand bruises	Name of pharmacological preparations and their cost in rubles
	30 g (30), 30 g (36), Ketonal 30 g (220), 40 g (70), 30 g (230), Ketoprofen 30 g (50), Artrosilene 30 g (315), 20 g (190) , Nimesulide 20 g (130), Dolgit 20 g (140), Indovazin 40 g (240)
Angioprotectors	Troxerutin gel 2%, 40 g (49), Troxevasin gel 2% 40 g (220), Troxevasin Neo gel 40 g (290), Heparin ointment (76), Hepatrombin ointment (200), Hepatrombin gel (220), Venolife ( 500), Dolobene (300), Trombless (315)
	Viprosal 50 g (260), Kapsikam 30 g (220), Apizartron 20 g (270), Nikoflex 50 g (230), Efkamon 25 g (130), warming (100), Espol 30 g (150), Finalgon 20 g (270)

First aid

Damage to the proximal part of the hand after some time can cause degenerative changes in the bone structures of the wrist. This occurs as a result of the rapid spread of edema immediately after injury, which provokes a violation of the blood supply to the tissues. The severity of pain increases, congestion occurs, small nerves are damaged. Therefore, timely first aid prevents the development of complications and significantly speeds up recovery. You can help the victim in the following ways:

• fixation of a bruised hand. You can immobilize this part of the arm with a scarf or a medical elastic bandage of any degree of extensibility. The fixing bandage should not unnecessarily squeeze the hand, disrupting blood circulation and increasing swelling;
• cold compress. A plastic bag filled with ice cubes and wrapped in a thick cloth should be applied to the site of injury. The duration of the procedure should not exceed 10 minutes, otherwise there is a possibility of frostbite. Only after a 15-minute break can you start cooling the brush again. In the absence of ice, you can use a package with a frozen vegetable mixture, meat or fish;
• taking an antihistamine. It is advisable to give the victim a tablet of any antiallergic drug from the home medicine cabinet - Loratadine, Zirtek, Zodak, Claritin. Antihistamines have a pronounced anti-edematous effect. When offering a person Suprastin, Diphenhydramine, Tavegil, it is necessary to take into account the side effects of drugs: drowsiness, decreased concentration.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in tablets, capsules, dragees, suspensions will help relieve pain: Nimesulide, Ibuprofen, Meloxicam, Ketorolac. If the victim has acute or chronic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, NSAIDs should not be used. In this case, Analgin or Paracetamol (Efferalgan, Panadol) can be used to relieve pain.

The final stage of first aid is the escort of the victim to the traumatology department. After the examination, the patient will be sent for x-rays, if necessary, a hand or a plaster bandage will be fixed, and drugs will be prescribed for further treatment at home.

For the treatment of bruises, a physiotherapeutic procedure is used - with refrigerants (ether, ammonium nitrate, liquid nitrogen, chloroethyl). It reduces the excitability of nerve fibers, blocks their conduction. Muscle relaxation occurs within 10-15 minutes after the start of the procedure, manifested by a decrease in pain as a result of reflex muscle spasm at the site of the bruised hand. Cryotherapy has not only analgesic, but also anti-edematous effect.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Hand injury treatment almost always begins with the use of NSAIDs. To reduce the severity of pain in the first few days, patients are prescribed oral medication (Nise, Ketorol, Nimesil, Ibufen, Ortofen). Since non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a negative effect on the gastric mucosa, any proton pump inhibitors (Omez, Pariet, Ultop, Esomeprazole) are prescribed to the patient to prevent its ulceration. As the soft and articular tissues of the hand regenerate, the dosages of NSAIDs are reduced, and after 4-5 days these drugs are canceled. Unlike systemic remedies, local treatment is carried out until the symptoms are completely eliminated. The greatest therapeutic efficacy is typical for such ointments, gels, creams:

• Ketoprofen(Ketonal, Artrosilene). Any gel or cream with ketoprofen is the most successful form for local anti-inflammatory and decongestant treatment. Thanks to ethyl alcohol in the composition, rapid absorption of the active ingredient is ensured, the passage of its maximum concentration through the skin barrier. A feature of this group of NSAIDs is the rapid accumulation in damaged tissues;
• Nimesulide(Nise, Nimulid). Nimesulide, belonging to the group of sulfoanilide compounds, has a pronounced analgesic, anti-inflammatory efficacy, is well tolerated by patients, and is relatively safe. The active substance enters the systemic circulation in a minimal amount that cannot cause side effects;
• (Voltaren, Dolobene, Ortofen, Diklovit). An important component of the therapeutic effect of drugs with diclofenac is its anti-inflammatory and analgesic clinical effects. External means reduce the intensity of pain due not only to the relief of inflammation, but also due to a complex effect on the mechanisms of pain perception both at the central and peripheral levels.

The principle of action of all non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is based on the suppression of the activity of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, which triggers the production of mediators of pain, inflammation and swelling - bradykinins and prostaglandins. Ointments and gels with NSAIDs are used 2-3 times a day. After their application, the analgesic effect occurs after 20-30 minutes, and lasts for several hours. Ointments are not prescribed by traumatologists in the presence of damage on the skin of patients - scratches, cracks, abrasions. The main contraindication for their use is individual intolerance to the active ingredient and auxiliary components.

The clinical efficacy of local treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been confirmed by the results of numerous randomized controlled trials. All NSAID ointments showed statistically significant benefits compared to placebo. At the same time, the NN1 index after 2 months of therapy for the Diclofenac gel was 11, and its solution was 6.35.

In the treatment of bruises of the hand, the combined drug Indovazin is actively used. Its anti-inflammatory effect is provided by the non-steroidal agent indomethacin, and troxerutin restores the integrity of damaged capillaries. Such diverse clinical effectiveness allows you to quickly eliminate even severe pain. By improving microcirculation, bioactive compounds, nutrients and oxygen enter the hand tissue, accelerating the healing of hematomas.

Angioprotectors

Treatment of a bruised hand, resulting from a blow or as a result of a fall, is carried out to minimize possible complications. Often they are provoked by extensive hematomas that have arisen due to damage to small blood vessels and the release of biological fluids into the subcutaneous tissue. To prevent the development of events according to such a negative scenario, immediately after diagnosing a bruise, traumatologists prescribe ointments and gels with an angioprotective effect to patients. The course use of external agents prevents an increase in the extensibility of blood vessels, the occurrence of venous stasis, improves lymphatic drainage and microcirculation by increasing capillary resistance. Rapid resorption of hematomas is also provided by the following clinical effects of angioprotective ointments:

• decrease in capillary permeability;
• decreased adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular walls;
• acceleration of tissue regeneration due to the supply of a sufficient amount of molecular oxygen;
• relief of inflammatory processes by enhancing the vasoconstrictive action of adrenaline;
• blocking the production of free radicals.

In the treatment of hematomas, Troxerutin gel and its imported analogue Troxevasin have proven themselves well. External preparations have a high degree of bioavailability, while any of their absorption into the bloodstream does not occur. After applying the gel-like agent, it is quickly absorbed and evenly distributed in the subcutaneous tissue. Contraindications to the use of Troxerutin are intolerance to the active or auxiliary ingredient and the presence of microtraumas on the skin.

In the treatment of bruises, ointments with angioprotective activity necessarily alternate with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and (or) external preparations with a warming effect. The time interval between their application is 1-3 hours.

Another effective remedy for eliminating hematomas is Hepatrombin, a combined agent with anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, regenerating activity. Such a multifaceted therapeutic effect is provided by the combined composition of the drug for external use:

• heparin has a pronounced anti-edematous effect, normalizes blood circulation in damaged soft tissues, prevents the formation of blood clots;
• allantoin provides tissue proliferation, accelerates metabolic processes, stops inflammation;
• dexpanthenol improves transdermal absorption of heparin, accelerates tissue healing by restoring optimal metabolism.

The composition of the Gepatrombin gel, in addition to the listed ingredients, also includes essential oils of lemon and coniferous trees. They contain a huge amount of biologically active substances - bioflavonoids, phytoncides, saponins. The addition of these plant components enhances the therapeutic effect of the product by providing an antibacterial and antiseptic effect.

External preparations with a warming effect

Traumatologists do not recommend using ointments with capsaicin, bee or snake venom, camphor, gum turpentine in the first two days of treatment for a bruised hand because of the likelihood of the inflammatory process spreading to healthy hand tissues. It is advisable to use external agents with a warming effect after the relief of pain and swelling. Their action is based on the persistent expansion of small vessels that are located in the subcutaneous tissue and are most often damaged during a bruise. An increase in the diameter of capillaries leads to blood flow to the affected tissues, providing them with nutritious biologically active substances.

The most commonly used warming agents in the treatment of bruises of the hands are:

• Finalgon. The active ingredients of the ointment nonivamide and nicoboxyl dilate blood vessels, activate metabolism, and stimulate blood supply. The ointment is not used in the treatment of children under 12 years of age; when applied to large areas of the skin, it provokes the development of an allergic reaction. A special applicator is attached to the package to minimize the contact of the burning agent with the upper layer of the epidermis;
• Kapsikam. The active ingredients of the ointment are gum turpentine, camphor dimethyl sulfoxide, nonivamide. After applying the product to the bruised area, after 20 minutes, the intensity of pain decreases and a feeling of warmth appears. Kapsikam is not prescribed during pregnancy, during breastfeeding, and also in childhood. The average duration of the therapeutic course is 7 days;
• Nicoflex. The ointment contains hot red pepper extract, ethylene glycol salicylate and ethyl nicotinate. Nicoflex is characterized by resolving, locally irritating and analgesic activity. In places where the external agent is applied, the temperature rises, accelerating microcirculation. Nicoflex is not used in the treatment of bruises in children, pregnant and lactating women.

External agents with red pepper extract, bee and snake venom are not suitable for all patients. In people with sensitive skin, and on the hands it is especially thin with a small layer of fat, after applying the ointment, an unbearable burning sensation and even pain may occur. The top layer of the epidermis quickly turns red and swells. Therefore, before use, it is necessary to squeeze a small amount of the product out of the tube and rub it lightly into the wrist. In the absence of any discomfort after 20 minutes, you can start treatment. If preliminary testing has not been carried out, and the burning sensation is unbearable, then you should moisten the napkin in any vegetable oil and wipe the skin.

In case of individual intolerance to ointments, you can warm the bruised hand with linen bags filled with flax seeds or large ones. For quick resorption of bruises, you can use a heating pad filled with water (temperature about 40-45 ° C).

If a person decides not to go to a hospital, then he must take into account the peculiarities of the development of the consequences of an injury to this part of the body. When traumatizing deeply located tissues, even according to the results of an x-ray examination, it can be difficult to establish the degree and nature of dystrophic changes. After a finger bruise, the symptoms do not appear immediately, but gradually. Therefore, it is impossible for a person to independently assess the extent of the injury, and a delayed visit to the doctor will cause the development of complications, many of which are difficult to treat.

The hands are the most active parts of the human body. The wrist connects the hand and forearm, and is constantly in motion, so joint bruises often occur. Since the wrist consists of a large number of small bones, it is difficult to identify what kind of lesion has occurred: a fracture, tendon sprain, dislocation or bruise of the joint. To prevent the occurrence of consequences and loss of mobility of the wrist, you should immediately seek medical help after injury and start treatment in a timely manner.

bruise pathogenesis

A contusion of the wrist joint (code S60 according to the international classifier of diseases) occurs under the action of a moving object that has kinetic energy. Fabrics have different resistance to such exposure. Loose fiber and soft muscle are most susceptible to damage, less so are fascia, tendons, dermis and ligaments. Tears, sprains occur in the tissues, and some areas are crushed. Small vessels are damaged, blood is poured into the muscles and forming hemorrhages (bruises). An aseptic inflammation occurs, the volume of fluid increases in the interstitial space, and swelling is formed.

In the case of a bruise of the wrist joint (in the ICD-10, as already mentioned, it is assigned the code S60), if vessels of a larger diameter are damaged and severe bleeding, hematomas are formed that fill the limited cavities with blood. With bruises, not only superficial tissues are sometimes damaged, but also internal structures: cartilage, joint capsule and synovial membrane. Blood cells that have entered the joint cavity disintegrate and are absorbed into the tissues surrounding it and cartilage. As a result, they lose their elasticity, which can subsequently lead to synovitis and arthrotic changes.

Wrist injury

The most common injury is a contusion of the wrist joint (ICD-10 code - S60). This results in limited mobility of the joint and severe pain. One of the most common triggers for injury is a fall. Due to the loss of balance, the individual, in order to facilitate a collision with the ground, involuntarily puts out his arms and leans on them with his whole body. You can also be injured after a blow to the palms. In this case, soft tissues are bruised, which are pressed against the bones. The risk group includes babies and the elderly, i.e. persons whose coordination of movements is impaired, as well as athletes involved in skating and skiing, weightlifting and martial arts.

bruise symptoms

A severe contusion of the wrist joint (according to ICD-10 - S60) is always accompanied by pain, but unlike a fracture, in which there is increasing pain and loss of functionality, there is no complete restriction of the mobility of the hand. There are three degrees of wrist bruising, which have the following symptoms:

• Light - characterized by mild pain, a small hematoma, while the joint has no deformation and mobility is not limited.
• Medium - there is a noticeable soreness associated with the load. Appears medium-sized bruising and minor restrictions on mobility.
• Severe - a painful pulsation is felt in the hand, redness of the skin, a large hematoma.

When providing first aid in case of bruising of the wrist joint (according to ICD-10 - S60), it is necessary:

• If the skin is damaged, treat the wound with alcohol, hydrogen peroxide or Riciniol emulsion, which will reduce swelling and anesthetize the damaged joint.
• Immobilize the hand. For these purposes, use a medical or elastic bandage, applying a fixing bandage to the damaged area. The brush must be lifted and hung on a scarf.
• Apply cold to the affected area using an ice pack or a frozen product. Keep cold for no more than twenty minutes. Take a break for a quarter of an hour and repeat the procedure again, and so on several times.
• Severe pain can be relieved by taking analgesics.
• Accompany the victim to the emergency room, where he will be provided with the necessary assistance.

Diagnostics for bruises

In case of a bruise of the wrist joint (ICD code - S60), the following procedures are necessary:

• Interrogation of the patient - the doctor, during a conversation with the patient, identifies the circumstances of joint damage, listens to complaints. In addition, find out whether first aid was provided.
• Visual inspection - when examining the site of damage, palpation is performed, the amplitude of active and passive movements is determined, painful sensations, redness, abrasions, hematomas are noted.
• X-ray is prescribed - this is the most accessible and informative method for examining a contusion of the wrist joint. The picture allows you to determine the position of the joint, exclude or confirm dislocation and fracture. Often, radiography makes it possible to plan treatment tactics.
• If soft tissues are damaged, CT or MRI is prescribed, as well as ultrasound to clarify the diagnosis.
• Arthroscopy is the best option for diagnosis, when the doctor can conduct a visual examination of the internal structures of the joints.

After all examinations and clarification of the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed appropriate therapy.

Treatment of a contusion of the wrist joint

Treatment should begin immediately after injury and diagnosis. Timely measures will relieve pain, accelerate healing and prevent adverse effects. For this you need:

Treatment with folk remedies

To relieve the symptoms of a bruised wrist joint at home, use the following folk remedies:

• For warming compresses, infusions of oregano, calamus, hemlock, burdock, coltsfoot are used. To prepare them, take a tablespoon of crushed dry plant, pour a glass of vodka and leave for five days in a dark place.
• Wrap the sore spot with fresh cabbage or plantain leaves.
• Baths and lotions prepared independently using herbal decoctions are effective: St. John's wort, lavender and chamomile.

Complications after injury

After a wrist injury, the following complications are fixed:

• Contusion of the palmar surface - causes contusion of the ulnar and median nerve. In this area, they are located close to the surface of the dermis. In this case, there is pain of a shooting nature in the phalanges and their sensitivity is disturbed. They hardly begin to move, and the brush takes the form of a clawed paw. In some cases, surgery is required to cut the carpal ligaments.
• Zudek's syndrome - occurs with a severe injury or improperly performed treatment. Trophic vascular disorders develop. The hand and wrist become very swollen, the surface of the skin is cool and shiny, bluish in color, and the nails are brittle and thin. An x-ray examination reveals osteoporosis. For its treatment, complex therapy is used, using painkillers, vitamin complexes, vascular agents, muscle relaxants, acupuncture, physiotherapy, massage and exercise therapy.

Wrist sprain

Bruising of the ligaments of the wrist joint is most often the result of an injury during sports activities, less often - a fall on the street or at home. The consequences can be serious problems up to the development of deforming osteoarthritis. Wrist sprains cause severe pain and stiffness of movement. These inconveniences make it difficult to perform daily work. ligament of the wrist joint is:

• redness of the damaged area;
• swelling;
• diffuse pain of moderate intensity. On palpation, it intensifies;
• increase in volume;
• possible bruising;
• restriction of movement in the joint.

If you experience pain, you need to go to the emergency room, the doctor will conduct an examination and send you for an x-ray, which excludes bone fractures and torn ligaments. When stretching ligaments, you need to:

• Create peace for the hand: limit movement in the joint for up to four weeks, do not endure gravity, with severe pain, plaster is applied. In case of a bruise of the left wrist joint (according to the ICD - S60), all the necessary functions will have to be temporarily performed with the right hand.
• Apply cold - use a heating pad or ice pack to relieve puffiness. Hold for 20 minutes, take a break for a third of an hour and repeat the procedure until the ice is completely melted.
• General anesthesia - take "Pentalgin" for three days.
• Local anesthesia - apply anesthetic ointments to the affected area. You can use the cream "Dolgit".
• On a diseased joint, wear an orthosis or bandage it with an elastic bandage.

Contusions of the upper extremities in children

Often the cause of a bruised wrist joint in babies is a fall from a swing, a bicycle, from a stroller, from a feeding chair. In older children, outdoor games and sports lead to injuries. Soft tissue injury is always the result of a fall or impact. The child cries out in pain and stops moving the arm, leaving it slightly bent along the body. Typical symptoms of a bruise:

• strong pain;
• skin redness;
• swelling;
• possibly bruising;
• limitation of hand movement.

To provide first aid to a child:

• Treat existing skin lesions with hydrogen peroxide;
• Make a fixing bandage on the wrist and hand. It is better to raise the arm, bending it at the elbow;
• Apply cold to the damaged area for seven minutes, then repeat the procedure after a 15-minute break. For cooling, you can use ice wrapped in a towel.

After rendering assistance, the child must be shown to a traumatologist. He will find out the cause of the pain, if necessary, prescribe an x-ray and treatment.

Physiotherapy and hydrotherapy in the treatment of the wrist joint

The conducted research shows that the use of physio- and hydrotherapy, various ointments, massages, and exercise therapy in the early stages of treatment contributes to the rapid restoration of injured tissues, the reduction or complete elimination of pain, swelling, and restoration of working capacity. In most cases, with a bruise of the wrist joint (disease code S60), microcirculation and tissue metabolism are disturbed. In the treatment of bruises and injuries, the most commonly used:

• Electrophoresis - the introduction of drugs using electric current through the dermis and mucous membranes. With the help of electrophoresis, an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, absorbable, antibacterial and stimulating tissue regeneration effect is achieved. To increase the permeability before electrophoresis, warming procedures are carried out. Sometimes solutions are used that contain several drugs that enhance the effect of each other.
• (DDT) - use different frequencies with short and long periods. With their help, drugs are administered, and wave currents have an analgesic effect.
• Sinusoidal modulated currents (SMT) - have a high frequency and penetrate deeply into tissues, have anti-edematous, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Magnetotherapy - an alternating magnetic field of low frequency has a beneficial effect on biological fluids, reducing swelling and pain.
• Inductotherapy - an alternating high-frequency magnetic field penetrates deep into the tissue up to eight centimeters and promotes metabolic processes in them.
• UHF therapy is an alternating electric current of ultrahigh frequency, which is used to accelerate metabolic processes and tissue regeneration.
• Ultrasound - mechanical vibrations accelerate regeneration processes, have an anti-inflammatory effect, reduce swelling and relieve pain.

Wrist bandage

For people who perform many operations with one hand after a bruise of the right wrist joint or the left one, doctors advise wearing a bandage for a while. To do this, use the B.Well rehab W-244 model. It is universal, it is possible to adjust the level of fixation. The bandage is used to limit the movement of the hand, as a result, painful sensations decrease, swelling subsides. The degree of compression is regulated independently, according to the sensations, and the loop, which is fixed on the thumb, does not allow it to move. The developers are constantly collaborating with traumatologists, orthopedists, rehabilitation specialists and neurologists, improving the model.

Conclusion

Bruising of the wrist joint is the most common disease accompanied by severe pain and impaired mobility of the limb. For a quick recovery of the hand, it is necessary to provide first aid on time and correctly, to carry out treatment in a qualified manner, using medicines, folk remedies, physiotherapy, massage and exercise therapy.

Every wrist injury should be treated. With the help of modern rehabilitation measures, any consequences of injuries are minimized. The main thing is to contact the doctor in a timely manner for the provision of qualified assistance.