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Violation of the intestinal microflora symptoms treatment

Intestinal dysbacteriosis - causes, signs, symptoms and treatment of dysbacteriosis in adults, nutrition and prevention

Dysbacteriosis is a condition caused by a violation of the intestinal microflora associated with a change in the species composition of bacteria. The number of useful bifidus and lactobacilli is reduced, and the number of pathogenic (pathogenic) microorganisms increases. Intestinal dysbacteriosis is not an independent disease. Often it turns out to be the result of other ailments (sometimes quite formidable). According to statistics, it is observed in 90% of adults.

Learn more about what this disease is, what are the first signs and symptoms, and how to properly treat it with diet and medication.

Gut dysbiosis (also dysbiosis) is a condition of microbial imbalance on or within the body. With dysbacteriosis, the ratio of beneficial and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms is disturbed, for example, in the intestines or in the reproductive organs.

The intestines of an adult normally contain about 2-3 kg of various microorganisms (about 500 species). 60% of all microorganisms are settled in the gastrointestinal tract.

Microorganisms help digest food, synthesize vitamins, remove toxins and carcinogens, break down all unnecessary elements. The main representatives of the intestinal flora are aerobic lactobacilli and anaerobic bifidobacteria.

In the human body, three types of bacteria are involved in the process of digestion of food:

• useful (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli). They maintain the ratio of other bacteria in the stomach, prevent the development of allergic diseases, weakening of the immune system and many other negative effects on the human body. They also control the amount of harmful bacteria;
• neutral. They live in a certain place. Do not bring special benefit or harm;
• harmful (candida fungus, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus). They provoke various diseases and malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes

The number of each type of bacteria that live in the intestines is controlled by the laws of natural selection: those that multiply strongly do not find food for themselves, and the extra ones die, or other bacteria create unbearable conditions for them to live. But there are situations in which the normal balance changes.

The causes of inhibition of the normal flora of the intestine during dysbacteriosis may be the following factors:

Sometimes almost completely healthy people can suffer from dysbacteriosis. In this case, the cause should be sought in the characteristics of the profession, or in seasonal changes in nutrition.

Kinds

Depending on the cause of the occurrence, the syndrome of intestinal dysbacteriosis in modern medicine is divided into several types.

• Dysbacteriosis that occurs in healthy people:
• Professional (violations occur due to harmful professional activities)
• Age (flora is disturbed due to aging of the body)
• Nutritive (associated with improper diet)
• Seasonal (flora changes depending on the time of year, mainly in cold weather).

By severity:

• light;
• medium-heavy;
• heavy.

With the flow:

• acute (up to 30 days);
• prolonged (up to 4 months): with clinical manifestations (continuous or recurrent) and without clinical manifestations;
• chronic (more than 4 months): with clinical manifestations (continuous or recurrent) and without clinical manifestations.

Dysbacteriosis of the small intestine

Dysbacteriosis of the small intestine begins to manifest itself with its excessive seeding. In this case, the microbial composition changes, which provokes a violation of the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The pain is localized in the navel.

Dysbacteriosis of the large intestine

Colon dysbacteriosis is an extremely common pathology that disrupts the microflora simultaneously in the stomach, duodenum, and intestines. The disease can be long-term, become more severe and disrupt a person's normal lifestyle.

The clinical picture of the development and course of dysbacteriosis depends on both the stage and the microbiological variant of the disorder.

Characteristic signs of dysbacteriosis in adults:

• Chair disorders. Stool disorders in dysbacteriosis are one of the most common and characteristic symptoms. Most often it manifests itself in the form of loose stools (diarrhea). With age-related (in the elderly) dysbacteriosis, constipation most often develops, which is caused by a decrease in intestinal motility (due to a lack of normal flora).
• With pronounced processes of decay and fermentation, which are observed only in 25% of patients, the composition, shape and color of feces are disturbed. It becomes foamy, liquid, acquires a light color and a sour smell. There may be a burning sensation in the anus.
• change in the smell of feces (it becomes sharply putrid or sour);
• increased gas formation (gases are fetid and odorless, sonorous and not);
• bloating of varying intensity (it is more pronounced in the evenings, may be aggravated after certain products);
• Dyspeptic disorders: nausea, vomiting, belching, loss of appetite, are the result of impaired digestion;
• The intestines are not fully emptied.
• Rotten taste, belching.

The symptoms that appear during dysbacteriosis, not everyone can observe, these are individual signs. Approximately half of those suffering from this disorder feel nothing but loose stools or constipation.

With dysbacteriosis, digestion suffers the most. Since the food in the intestines is first broken down by bacteria, and only then absorbed into the blood. Without the help of microorganisms, the body cannot absorb many nutrients. Therefore, nausea, vomiting, loose stools appear.

Stages of dysbacteriosis in adults

There are such stages of the disease:

1 stage	The first degree of intestinal dysbacteriosis is characterized by a decrease in the protective endogenous flora by no more than two orders of magnitude. Bifidoflora and lactoflora are not disturbed, there are no clinical signs of the disease. This degree is characteristic of the latent phase of the development of the disease.
2	In this case, the reduction of beneficial microorganisms - lacto- and bifidobacteria - becomes critical. Along with this, the development of pathogenic microflora is growing extremely rapidly. At this stage, the first signs of dysbacteriosis appear, which indicate a violation in the functioning of the intestine.
3	The inflammatory process begins to disrupt the intestinal walls, which exacerbates chronic indigestion. This stage of the disease requires serious treatment, not only with the right diet, but also with medicines.
4	develops when there is no treatment for dysbacteriosis or it is not intensive enough. At this stage, harmful microorganisms almost replace useful ones, which leads to the development of diseases such as beriberi, depression, intestinal diseases, which are dangerous not only for health, but also for the life of the patient.

With intestinal dysbacteriosis, other symptoms and manifestations are possible, but they will rather relate to complications of the disease or to an exacerbation of comorbidities. These symptoms are not directly related to a violation of the intestinal microflora. Possible, for example, signs of hypovitaminosis and beriberi. Vitamin deficiency is due to the fact that it is not absorbed normally in the intestines.

Diagnostics

With intestinal dysbacteriosis, symptoms are observed as with colitis, enterocolitis, gastritis, inflammation of the large and small intestines. The task of the doctor is to make the correct diagnosis, excluding the above pathologies of the digestive system.

It is difficult to diagnose dysbacteriosis without tests. The symptoms of the disease are very similar to the symptoms of other diseases. To make a diagnosis, the doctor needs to have the results of the diagnosis. After collecting the patient's complaints and palpation, the specialist prescribes 2-3 necessary procedures.

To make an accurate diagnosis will help:

• Fecal analysis. The most specific method for laboratory diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis is the analysis and culture of feces.
• Clinical blood test - shows the presence of inflammation and possible bleeding in the intestine. With severe dysbacteriosis, anemia is noted - a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood.
• Colonoscopy. Allows you to assess the condition of a segment of the intestine up to one meter long.
• Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity. With its help, comorbidities can be detected.
• Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy. It consists in examining the mucous membrane of the stomach, esophagus and duodenum, which is performed using an endoscope.
• X-ray of the intestine. To detect pathological changes, a contrast agent is used during the procedure.

Treatment of dysbacteriosis in adults

With a mild degree of imbalance in the intestinal microflora, it may be sufficient to eliminate these causes through a balanced diet, taking prebiotics or probiotics. In severe disorders, along with complex antimicrobial therapy, dietary nutrition is also indicated.

How to treat intestinal dysbiosis? Treatment measures consist of:

• elimination of excess bacterial contamination of the small intestine;
• restoration of the normal microbial flora of the colon;
• improving intestinal digestion and absorption;
• restoration of impaired intestinal motility;
• stimulation of the reactivity of the body.

Medications

For the treatment of dysbacteriosis, drugs are used that help restore the normal intestinal flora. Usually, one of the following groups is selected:

1. Antibacterial drugs are needed primarily to suppress the overgrowth of microbial flora in the small intestine. The most widely used antibiotics are from the group of tetracyclines, penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones (tarivid, nitroxoline) and metronidazole.
2. Bacteriophages (intestibacteriophage, staphylococcal bacteriophage, pyobacteriophage, coliproteic bacteriophage, etc.);
3. Antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, penicillins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, etc.);
4. Probiotics for dysbacteriosis (sporobacterin, enterol, cereobiogen, bactisubtil, etc.).
5. Antifungal agents. They are prescribed when an increased amount of yeast fungi is found in the intestinal contents.
6. Enzymes are prescribed in case of severe digestive disorders. Tablets Mezim 1 tablet 3 times a day, before meals. In order to improve the absorption function, Essentiale, Legalon or Carsil are prescribed, since they stabilize the membranes of the intestinal epithelium. Imodium (loperamide) and trimebutine (debridate) improve bowel propulsion.
7. Sorbents are prescribed for pronounced signs of intoxication. Activated charcoal is prescribed 5-7 tablets at a time, for 5 days.

Only a doctor can prescribe medications for dysbacteriosis, determine their dosage and duration of administration. Self-medication threatens with the occurrence of complications.

With long-term antibiotic treatment, it is imperative to include in therapy a special diet containing foods rich in beneficial bacteria, antifungal and immunostimulating, as well as antihistamine therapy.

Treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis is prescribed in a complex, depending on the degree of the disease. Since the disease develops under the influence of many factors, it is important to eliminate the cause of its development, otherwise taking probiotics will not give a positive effect. Elimination of foci of infection and chronic diseases is the main task in treatment.

Diet and proper nutrition

There is no special diet for each person, just follow some rules, avoid unwashed fruits, low-quality products and take food every three hours in small portions. It is important to consume hot liquid food every day: soup, broth.

The basic principles of proper nutrition for dysbacteriosis:

• regular meals at the same time;
• eating warm food (within 25-40 degrees) and avoiding too cold or hot food;
• avoidance of aggressive and spicy foods;
• thorough chewing of food;
• frequent eating (every two and a half hours) and in small portions;
• drink plenty of water, but not with meals (so as not to interfere with the digestion of food).

When following a diet, it is allowed to eat the following foods:

• white or rye bread - not fresh, but yesterday's;
• crackers;
• soups on low-fat broths with grated cereals and vegetables;
• meat dishes boiled, steamed or stewed;
• lean meats;
• lean fish boiled, steamed, stewed or fried without breading;
• vegetables (excluding cabbage, legumes and mushrooms) boiled, baked or steamed;
• fruits and berries as part of jelly, compote, puree or mousse;
• baked or raw grated apples;
• low-fat dairy products;
• butter in small quantities;
• sauces without spices;
• all drinks except for alcoholic, carbonated, kvass and fruit drinks.

Along with the diet, patients may be prescribed probiotics and prebiotics. These drugs improve bowel function and restore a healthy composition of the flora.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicine, if proven remedies are used correctly, can improve the condition and alleviate the symptoms of the disease. But it can only be used as an addition to the main treatment prescribed by the doctor.

As an alternative treatment are allowed:

• plants that give an antiseptic effect: pomegranate and rosehip juice diluted with water, strawberries, raspberries;
• analgesic effect gives mint extract, chamomile tea, decoctions of St. John's wort;
• have an astringent effect, anti-inflammatory blueberries, bird cherry, beets.

Folk methods include the use of the following means:

1. Oak bark. A decoction of oak bark has an astringent effect and helps with diarrhea, which often accompanies dysbacteriosis. A tablespoon of raw materials, poured with 250 ml of boiling water, simmer over low heat for a quarter of an hour. The liquid is cooled, filtered and taken in half a glass up to 3 times a day.
2. Garlic. It contains antibacterial compounds that destroy pathogenic microflora and prevent the development of putrefactive processes. To prepare the medicine, you need to crush a clove of garlic in a mortar and pour it with a glass of fat-free kefir. Drink 2 glasses of this drink every day.
3. A useful and tasty cure for dysbacteriosis is a mixture of sunflower seeds, pumpkins and walnut kernels. Well-dried ingredients must be ground in a coffee grinder and take 2 tablespoons of the resulting powder daily with warm water.
4. Serum. Sold in stores or left after making homemade cottage cheese. Heated whey is drunk in the morning on an empty stomach for a month, 1 glass each.
5. If the digestion of food is accompanied by bloating. Pour 4 tablespoons of dill seeds in a glass of hot water, leave for 2 hours, then strain and drink every 2 hours throughout the day.
6. Based on propolis honey: a teaspoon of such honey should be diluted in a glass of warm water or rosehip broth and taken 2 times a day after meals for 1.5 months.
7. The simplest options for herbal decoction are eucalyptus and mint. To prepare the first 3 tbsp. dry eucalyptus pour 500 ml of boiling water. For the second recipe, boiling water is taken 2 times less - 250 ml. Eucalyptus decoction is drunk in a quarter cup 3 times a day, and mint in 3 quarters of a cup 4 times a day. The course of treatment is designed for 14 days.

Treatment exclusively with herbs is possible only in case of mild dysbacteriosis. In other cases, folk methods are just an addition to the main treatment prescribed by a specialist.

Prevention

Preventive measures include adherence to recommendations for proper nutrition, hygiene and food hygiene.

The main preventive measures for adults are as follows:

• healthy eating;
• taking antibiotics only as prescribed by a doctor;
• timely treatment of diseases of the digestive system.

To get rid of dysbacteriosis and prevent further relapses, it is most effective to use an integrated approach. At the first symptoms, be sure to seek help from a gastroenterologist. Be healthy and always watch your lifestyle!

simptomy-i-treatment.net

Disorders of the intestinal microflora: symptoms and treatment

It is important not to miss the beginning! The concept of dysbiosis has become fashionable now, and sometimes this syndrome is put more often than it actually takes place. And at the same time, it is also easy to miss the beginning of its development, because the manifestations are nonspecific. What symptoms should be alerted, which makes it possible to suspect violations of the intestinal microflora?

Symptoms of a violation of the intestinal microflora

First of all, of course, there will be violations of the gastrointestinal tract (dyspeptic symptoms): Heartburn, belching, heaviness in the abdomen, nausea and even vomiting. Bloating (flatulence). In a healthy body, cellulose, which is part of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, is broken down in the intestines to form free gas. Many of the microorganisms among the normal flora are aerobes, that is, they need gas for their existence, they absorb it. With a lack of beneficial bacteria that utilize gas, abundant, frequent gas emission is observed. This is one of the most common symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis. There may be pain in the abdomen due to pathological changes in the intestines, often of an inflammatory nature (colitis, enteritis). It is necessary to treat the resulting enterocolitis, and to normalize the intestinal microflora.

Constipation or diarrhea, which may alternate.

The disease is often manifested by subfebrile temperature. As a result of a violation of the digestion of food and the assimilation of vital substances (vitamins, minerals), the entire body suffers. Hence, there are such signs of dysbiosis as fatigue, fatigue, dry skin, cracks in the corners of the lips.

In addition, patients with dysbacteriosis are characterized by astheno-neurotic syndrome: patients are apathetic, often complain of headache, general weakness, fatigue, worsening sleep. Their performance is declining. There are signs of food allergies,

Often in the form of urticaria, skin rashes and atopic dermatitis.

To make a diagnosis with such non-specific complaints of the patient, the doctor analyzes the symptoms, and also conducts a number of laboratory tests. A fecal analysis is performed, which can show the insufficiency of the digestive function of the intestine (in the feces, undigested pieces of food, starch grains, fatty acids). But the most accurate diagnosis is confirmed by bacteriological culture of feces, which shows which pathogens predominate and which antibacterial agents they are sensitive to. The only drawback of this method is the long research time required to grow a culture of microbes. The whole process takes 7-10 days.

Dysbacteriosis. What to do?

Dysbacteriosis causes a lot of trouble, so the desire to avoid this condition is natural. What can lead to intestinal dysbiosis? How to maintain beneficial microflora? Various adverse environmental factors and the body itself can cause changes in the microflora by the type of dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can occur when the human body is exposed to a wide range of risk factors: various diseases, stress, dietary errors, as well as as a result of the use of antibiotics, radiation therapy and other treatment methods that are ambiguous for the body. Modern studies show that violations of the intestinal microflora occur in 90-100% of patients with diseases of the internal organs. These include diseases of the digestive system, cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, oncopathological processes, allergic and autoimmune diseases, and many others. In turn, these changes, having reached a certain level, worsen the clinical course of the underlying disease. In this regard, it is necessary to maintain the state of normal microflora in the development of any disease, and especially when using aggressive methods of treatment such as antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Stress, both acute and chronic, can also lead to severe dysbiosis.

Measures to maintain our normal microflora should be carried out regularly, and especially when exposed to the above factors. This should be expressed in proper nutrition, as well as the use of additional measures to restore beneficial microflora.

Can dysbacteriosis be cured? How to restore the normal composition of the microflora in the intestine?

Is it possible to cure dysbiosis and what is required for this? Is this task within the power of traditional medicine, or is it impossible to do without pharmaceutical preparations? First you need to establish an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, in case of any violations of the intestines, you should immediately consult a doctor. Symptoms of dysbiosis, as already mentioned, are nonspecific, other diseases may have similar manifestations. The sooner the diagnosis is made, the more likely it is to restore the normal composition of the microflora in the intestine. From modern positions, the treatment of dysbiosis must be carried out by influencing both sides of the inseparable pair "human body - normal microflora". Therefore, it is necessary to start with the treatment of major diseases, and only as a parallel process, it is necessary to have a specific effect on the intestinal microflora. In this issue, we cannot consider the treatment of major diseases - their list is huge. Our topic is the impact on the restoration of the intestinal microflora. Specific exposure refers to the use of drugs, biologically active food supplements, herbs, food products and other means that have a direct effect on the representatives of the intestinal microflora.

The main areas of impact will be:

Inhibition of growth and reproduction of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Creation of the necessary environment and optimal conditions for the development of normal microflora.

Strengthening immunity.

Direct influence on the state and functions of the body in order to eliminate the negative symptoms and consequences of dysbiosis.

Folk remedies, when used correctly, successfully cope with the problem of dysbiosis and are able to cover all of these therapeutic areas. Source: People's doctor. Special issue, №169, 2016

samsebelekar.ru

Signs of intestinal dysbacteriosis in women 7851 0 10/28/2016

Dysbacteriosis is a pathological condition in which the balance of the intestinal microflora is disturbed, expressed in a decrease in the number of beneficial bifidus and lactobacilli against the background of the rapid growth and activity of pathogenic microorganisms. The bacterial flora of the intestine can change under the influence of various factors. Most often, intestinal infections and the use of potent antibacterial drugs become the cause of the pathology, but sometimes severe stress or psycho-emotional shock can become a provoking factor.

Signs of intestinal dysbiosis in women

Why does dysbacteriosis appear?

Taking antibiotics

The most common cause of intestinal dysbiosis in women is treatment with antibiotics. These are broad-spectrum drugs that affect all bacteria that live in the lumen of the digestive tract. Antibiotics destroy not only pathogenic microorganisms that cause the disease, but also beneficial microflora. It is for this reason that against the background of therapy with potent drugs, patients often experience diarrhea, flatulence and other digestive disorders.

Advice! Treatment with antibiotics must be combined with the intake of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria. This will help to avoid the development of dysbacteriosis, speed up recovery and strengthen the immune system. For the effect of the drugs to be effective, it is important to observe the interval between taking the drugs (at least 3 hours).

What are the benefits of probiotics

Diseases of the digestive tract

Pathologies of the digestive system can cause a decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria and the development of dysbacteriosis. For example, infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract lead to the digestion and destruction of beneficial flora. To restore it, it is also recommended to take probiotic cultures or prebiotics.

Intestinal infections

Salmonellosis, dysentery and other infections in 90% of cases cause an imbalance in the intestinal microflora. The growth of pathogenic flora leads to the formation of colonies of the infectious agent. When the number of pathogenic bacteria begins to exceed the number of beneficial microorganisms, the destruction of beneficial flora begins.

Signs of gastrointestinal infections

"Female" reasons

Intestinal dysbacteriosis in women can be caused by causes that are specific to the fairer sex. Most often, lovers of diets suffer from pathology, especially if they are mono-diets. Mono-diet involves the use of only one type of food for a short period (no more than 1-3 days). Severe dietary restrictions lead to an imbalance in the intestinal microflora and a deficiency of nutrients (namely, vitamins are involved in the growth of beneficial microorganisms on the intestinal mucosa).

Advice! To maintain intestinal health, women are not recommended to go on rigid diets for a long period. Nutritionists advise to replace mono-diets with fasting days (no more than 1-2 times in 7-10 days). If, nevertheless, a woman makes a choice in favor of a "hungry" diet, be sure to supplement the daily diet with fermented milk products (kefir is best) or taking probiotics.

One of the causes of dysbacteriosis in women is mono-diets

Another reason leading to dysbacteriosis in women is the abuse of mechanical bowel cleansing methods. These include:

• frequent use of enemas (for weight loss or cleansing);
• colon therapy (removal of feces from the intestines with the help of volumetric washing);
• the use of drinks, teas and other means for weight loss.

If you are overweight, you should not self-medicate. It is best to seek help from an endocrinologist or nutritionist - it is much safer and more effective than fasting and other methods of losing weight at home.

Other reasons

Sometimes the balance of the intestinal microflora is disturbed under the influence of negative factors (which are favorable for the growth of pathogenic colonies), which include:

• insufficient consumption of dairy products;
• stress and emotional unrest;
• drug or food allergies;
• deficiency of vitamins and minerals;
• reduced immunity and diseases characterized by a state of immunodeficiency (malignant tumors, HIV, etc.);
• undergoing a course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for oncological diseases;
• helminthic invasion, helminthiases.

Important! Provoke intestinal dysbacteriosis can long-term use of hormonal drugs ("Yarina", "Zhanin", "Diana 35"). Medicines of this group are prescribed to women to stop uterine bleeding, treat chronic diseases of the uterus and other organs of the reproductive system, and also protect against unwanted pregnancy.

Video - What is intestinal dysbiosis? How to treat dysbacteriosis?

How does dysbacteriosis manifest itself in women?

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis in women can be divided into several groups. They depend on the cause, additional factors and the general health of the patient. Most often, the pathology is manifested by disturbances in the functioning of the digestive tract, but sometimes the first symptoms of dysbacteriosis are skin dermatitis, allergic reactions, or vaginosis.

allergic reactions

If the intestinal microflora is disturbed, the allergy appears mainly to food, as the nutrients "adapt" to the changed bacterial composition. This condition can be accompanied by intestinal disorders, rumbling and even pain. Deficiency of lactic bacteria responsible for comfortable digestion and assimilation of food leads to a rejection reaction, which outwardly manifests itself as allergy symptoms.

A woman may notice the following signs of pathology:

• sneezing
• lacrimation;
• redness of the skin in some areas;
• skin itching;
• dermatitis;
• hives;
• flow from the nose.

In violation of the intestinal microflora, allergies appear mainly to food

Important! Dysbacteriosis can be suspected by these symptoms if they appear after eating foods (provided that the woman does not suffer from allergies) and do not go away after taking antihistamines and antiallergic drugs.

Dysbacteriosis of the vagina

More than half of the cases of intestinal dysbacteriosis in women are accompanied by the development of vaginal dysbiosis. This is a condition in which the number of lactobacilli that inhabit the acidic environment of the vagina decreases. Pathology affects the level of acidity of the vaginal tract and can lead to infectious diseases caused by bacteria, microbes or fungi. There are two forms of vaginal dysbiosis: vaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis.

What is vaginal dysbiosis

In order to prevent the development of serious infectious diseases, it is necessary to respond in time to the signs and symptoms of violations of the vaginal microflora. These include:

• dryness of the mucous membranes of the vagina and genital organs;
• insufficient lubrication during intimacy;
• an increase in the volume of secretions or a change in their color, smell or consistency;
• unpleasant odor (subject to sufficient intimate hygiene).

Important! These signs may indicate the development of vaginal dysbiosis or genital infections. It is impossible to independently determine the diagnosis. To determine the cause that caused the appearance of uncharacteristic symptoms, a doctor's examination with the help of a gynecological mirror and the study of biological material (sowing on the flora) are required.

Symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis

Manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract

Digestive disorders are a classic sign of intestinal dysbiosis. They can have different intensity and appear in combination or occur in isolation from other clinical symptoms of the pathology. One of the main signs of an imbalance in the intestinal microflora is the instability of the stool. A woman may be tormented by constipation or diarrhea, and often there is a painful urge to defecate, but no stool is released.

Other manifestations of dysbacteriosis include:

• bloating;
• rumbling;
• loss of appetite or its decrease;
• mucus in feces;
• pain in the abdominal region.

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis

In rare cases, dysbacteriosis may be accompanied by vomiting and nausea. In this case, a woman needs to undergo a complete examination to exclude the possibility of serious diseases.

Manifestations of beriberi

Vitamin deficiency, malnutrition with a minimum content of vegetables and fruits leads to specific symptoms of dysbacteriosis. Useful substances entering the intestine are not absorbed by the mucous membranes, but are excreted from the body almost unchanged, since beneficial bacteria (lactic acid microorganisms) are responsible for the absorption of useful elements in the intestine. In this case, most often there are external signs of pathology, which include:

• dry skin and lips;
• angulitis (bites in the corners of the mouth);
• hair loss, split ends;
• the formation of white spots and stripes on the nail plates;
• peeling of the skin;
• pallor of the skin.

Often, women with dysbacteriosis are diagnosed with pathologies of the oral cavity, for example, stomatitis. With chronic deficiency, constant fatigue, weakness, and decreased performance may appear.

Symptoms of drug dysbacteriosis

An imbalance in the intestinal microflora after treatment with antibiotics or other drugs of the antibacterial group occurs in 74% of cases. The main manifestation of the pathology is a change in the nature of the stool (diarrhea most often occurs). In some cases, diarrhea and constipation may alternate, with constipation accompanied by increased gas formation and pain in the intestines and stomach.

In half of the cases, bacterial vaginosis joins intestinal dysbacteriosis, so the prophylactic intake of probiotics and lactobacilli is an essential component of drug therapy.

Complex therapy for the treatment of dysbacteriosis

Features of diagnostics

There is only one way to diagnose dysbacteriosis - a biochemical study of feces, which takes into account not only the cavity microflora, but also the parietal colonies of microorganisms. 72 hours before the material is submitted for analysis, a woman is prescribed a special diet that excludes foods that can cause fermentation reactions. These include:

• alcoholic drinks;
• chocolate and other confectionery products with a high sugar content;
• baking from wheat flour;
• milk products;
• some vegetables (turnips, onions, all types of cabbage).

During this period, you can not take drugs with antibacterial action. If dysbacteriosis is diagnosed, it is recommended to re-examine after 2-3 days.

According to the results of the analysis, the woman is prescribed appropriate treatment, and recommendations are given on hygiene and care.

Diagnosis of dysbacteriosis by tests

How to treat?

There are several ways to treat intestinal dysbacteriosis, but complex therapy is often used to achieve maximum effect.

Medical therapy

Treatment with the use of medications is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of dysbacteriosis, strengthening the immune system, colonizing the intestines with beneficial microorganisms and preventing complications. Women can be prescribed drugs of different pharmacological groups, which are listed below.

Pharmacological groupWhat do you need?Drugs

Sorbents	They remove toxins, toxic fumes, allergens, toxins, eliminate intoxication. Purify the blood, help strengthen the protective functions of the body	"Polysorb", "Activated carbon", "Enterodez", "Enterosgel", "Smekta"
Multivitamin and vitamin-mineral complexes	Restore the balance of vitamins and minerals, improve well-being, increase the body's resistance to infectious diseases	"Alfavit", "Duovit", "Vitamax", "Biomax", "Vitrum", "Sana-sol"
Digestive enzymes	Eliminate signs of digestive disorders, improve digestion and the functioning of the digestive tract, relieve heartburn, bloating, flatulence	"Creon 10000", "Pancreatin"
Prebiotics, probiotics, lactobacilli	Suppress the activity of pathogenic flora, destroy pathogenic bacteria, restore the balance of microflora by colonizing the intestines with beneficial bacteria	"Linex", "Hilak Forte", "Yogulakt", "Bifidumbacterin", "Normobakt"
Antifungal drugs	Appointed when fungi are found in feces	"Levorin"

Bifidumbacterin for the treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis in women

If vaginal dysbiosis joins intestinal dysbacteriosis, a woman is prescribed topical treatments that can be used in the form of vaginal suppositories, gels or ointments. Preparations containing useful lactobacilli - candles "Bifidumbacterin" and "Acilact" have an excellent therapeutic effect. Medicines have only one drawback - they are sold only in large settlements, so residents of small towns and villages have to choose other means for the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis.

Diet for dysbacteriosis

Diet in violation of the intestinal microflora

Women are advised to eat foods rich in fiber and coarse plant fibers. These are vegetables, herbs, berries, fruits, cereals, rye flour, bran. These products improve the functioning of the intestines, cleanse it and improve the absorption of nutrients, which prevents violations of the intestinal microflora. Fermented milk products must be present in the diet: kefir, yogurt, fermented baked milk. The stores now have a huge selection of products with the addition of healthy dairy crops, so it will not be difficult to create the right menu.

• semi-finished products;
• sausages;
• products containing atrium glutamate, flavors, dyes and preservatives;
• alcoholic drinks;
• chips, crackers;
• carbonated drinks;
• spices and spices.

Important! This diet is recommended for women not only during the period of treatment of dysbacteriosis - constant adherence to the recommendations will help improve skin condition, improve the functioning of the digestive organs, increase immunity and lose weight, if any.

Nutrition for dysbacteriosis

Folk recipes

For the treatment of dysbacteriosis in women, the following remedies are successfully used:

• decoction of oak bark (drink 1 glass on an empty stomach until the symptoms are completely eliminated);
• a mixture of garlic and honey (take a teaspoon 2-3 times a day 30-60 minutes before meals for 5-7 days);
• rice water (drink half a glass 2 times a day, regardless of food intake for 10 days).

Intestinal dysbacteriosis is a common pathology that can be asymptomatic or cause uncharacteristic clinical signs. Timely treatment will help women not only avoid serious complications and infection of the gastrointestinal tract, but also maintain "female" health, which directly depends on the state of the intestinal microflora.

Video - How to treat intestinal dysbacteriosis with folk remedies

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How to treat a violation of the intestinal microflora

What is the intestinal microflora, the causes of its violation, the symptoms of dysbacteriosis in adults and children, the treatment of bacterial balance disorders using various means.

Violation of the intestinal microflora is a pathological process inside the body, in which the level of immunity decreases and various diseases of the internal organs can begin to develop.

Features of the intestinal microflora

The intestinal microflora is a collection of beneficial bacteria that are in it. It is worth noting that bacteria are not present in the entire human body; they are not present in the internal organs and blood. But in the organs and systems that interact with the external environment, they are - this is the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system. Thus, many biological systems inhabited by beneficial bacteria simultaneously function in the human body. Microflora is a sensitive and very complex system. Most microorganisms are found in the large intestine, but not all of its departments have the same number of bacteria. In the small intestine, for example, there are a small number of them, because of the high percentage of hydrochloric acid in the department, they die. The largest number of bacteria is found in the microflora of the lower intestines, they consist of lacto- and bifidobacteria. Bifidobacteria are very important components of the microflora, which are mainly found in the large intestine. It is thanks to these beneficial microorganisms that our immunity is strong enough to fight pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Bifidobacteria, in addition to serving as a protective barrier against pathogenic microbes, help to activate the digestive organs. Also, with their help, vitamins and microelements are absorbed faster, amino acids and proteins are synthesized. Lactobacilli that "live" in the intestines are natural antibiotics for the body. The main function of lactobacilli is to protect and strengthen the immune system. In order to fully activate the work of these beneficial microorganisms, doctors advise consuming various dairy and sour-milk products as often as possible. Beneficial bacteria that inhabit a healthy intestine produce vitamin B and nicotinic acid, due to which calcium and iron from food. Violation of the normal intestinal microflora can occur for various reasons. As a result of failures, beneficial bacteria die, while pathogenic ones, on the contrary, begin to multiply faster.

Causes of violation of the intestinal microflora

Very often it is the person who is the cause of such violations. This may be due to taking any medications, frequent overeating, improperly balanced meals, unhealthy lifestyle, lack of physical activity. Consider the most common causes of dysbacteriosis:

• One of the most common causes of the disorder is antibiotic treatment. They affect not only pathogenic bacteria, but also lead to the death of beneficial microorganisms.
• Reasons that are at the top of the list of risk factors: smoking, frequent drinking, snacking on spicy and fatty foods and sweets. There may be a violation of the microflora due to the fact that your diet does not contain foods containing vegetable fiber. After all, it is she who is the main means for feeding beneficial microorganisms.
• Another reason for the violation: when the intestines are cleansed too often and actively. Along with this, both pathogenic and beneficial organisms die. This happens with the uncontrolled use of laxatives.
• When a person is too clean, he begins to overuse hygiene products. Overuse of antibacterial products kills beneficial bacteria.
• If a person has recently suffered an infectious disease, the body is exhausted by inflammatory processes, possibly allergic reactions, then this, of course, will affect both the immune system and the intestinal microflora.
• A common cause of dysbacteriosis is hormonal failure.
• Past stress, diseases of the nervous system, constant lack of sleep, an unbalanced diet, the use of low-quality water are also on the list of causes of disruption of the normal intestinal microflora.

The main symptoms of violation of microflora in the intestine

The main symptoms of such disorders are diarrhea or constipation, rumbling and increased flatulence. A person may feel unwell, weakness in the body, pain of a different nature in the abdomen.

Symptoms of a violation of the intestinal microflora in adults

In adults, the symptoms of the disorder directly depend on the stage of the disease. Doctors distinguish four main ones:

1. The first is characterized by a slight imbalance between normal and pathogenic bacteria. Such imbalances can often be caused by a course of antibiotic treatment, as well as a sudden change in the quality of food or water. At this stage, the signs do not have a pronounced character, there can only be rumbling in the stomach. The state of the microflora can improve and fully recover after the elimination of the causes of the violation - the end of medication, the body getting used to new nutritional conditions.
2. Symptoms of dysbacteriosis in the second stage are more noticeable. Your appetite may decrease, you may experience a bad taste in your mouth, and you may also experience nausea and vomiting. Patients often complain of bloating and flatulence, diarrhea or constipation. Of course, these symptoms may accompany other diseases, but most often they speak of the initial stages of dysbacteriosis.
3. In the third stage, the patient needs serious medical treatment, as the bacteria inside the intestine begin to multiply more actively and cause inflammation. Patients often have severe pain in the intestines, the stool is disturbed, often with various impurities.
4. At the fourth stage, all beneficial bacteria are ousted from the microflora. In this state, the intestines cannot cope with the function of absorption of the necessary substances, vitamin deficiency develops. Patients have a disturbed sleep pattern, a strong feeling of fatigue and apathy is disturbing. If the case is severe, an infection inside the intestines may develop.

Symptoms may be stronger or weaker, depending on factors such as the general condition of the body, the level of immunity, the patient's lifestyle. For example, if one person after a two-week course of antibiotic treatment, the state of the microflora is only slightly disturbed, then another may already have a serious degree of dysbacteriosis.

Signs of violation of the intestinal microflora in children

Most often, dysbacteriosis worries newborns. This is due to the characteristics of their body and the stages of its development. Doctors explain such violations by the fact that the intestines in babies are practically sterile, the balance of microflora is not yet stable. It will be adjusted in the first five days from birth. It is with breast milk that over time the baby will receive all the necessary useful trace elements, as well as bacteria for the developing organism. The risk of dysbacteriosis is especially high in children who were born prematurely and in those who are artificially fed. The newborn may have frequent pain in the tummy, food is not digested properly, thereby causing the formation of gases and colic. You can avoid such violations if you give your baby additional nutrients - probiotics. The bacteria contained in them are very useful for the normal functioning of the child's intestines. Not only newborns, but also the organisms of preschoolers and children of primary school age tend to be influenced by various factors (for example, infections, unbalanced nutrition), as a result of which the child may be disturbed by painful symptoms - diarrhea or constipation, appetite problems, abdominal pain. They are direct evidence that the balance of the intestinal microflora of the child is disturbed. In children, the symptoms of disorders appear brighter and are often expressed as follows:

• severe constipation or diarrhea;
• Periodic pain sensations of varying degrees in the lower abdomen;
• Strong gas formation;
• loss of appetite;
• The appearance of an allergic rash on the skin;
• Sluggish and apathetic state.

Often, parents begin to treat their children on their own with various herbal decoctions and suppositories for constipation, diarrhea and other symptoms. They provide only temporary relief for the child. All stages of treatment can be selected only by a specialist who will prescribe the necessary examinations and medications that can eliminate not only the symptoms, but also the cause of dysbacteriosis.

Consequences of violation of the intestinal microflora

As a result of an imbalance in the microflora in the body, the process of intoxication occurs, which entails a metabolic disorder and the development of inflammation. This process manifests itself in this way:

1. Bloating.
2. The feeling of hunger comes within a few minutes after eating.
3. The general condition of the body noticeably worsens: weakness sets in, frequent dizziness and nausea may disturb.

In order for all the symptoms to go away, it is necessary to undergo a course of microflora restoration.

Methods for the treatment of violations of the intestinal microflora

Starting the recovery process, you must first change your diet. The main goal of the diet is to normalize the functioning of intestinal motility. For a good result of treatment, only a strict diet is necessary, completely excluding foods that can cause strong gas formation, and it is imperative to eat foods containing fiber. Also every day you need to consume dairy products.

Medications for disorders of the intestinal microflora

The most popular drugs against dysbacteriosis, which must be taken for the prevention of newborns, are Bifiform Baby and Bifidumbacterin. They help the baby go through the adaptation process faster and form a balanced microflora in the intestines. The procedure for treating dysbacteriosis in adults is more complicated. If the absorption process is disturbed, problems with indigestion are of concern, then there is an excess of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines. All this leads to inflammatory processes. In such cases, doctors prescribe strong antibacterial drugs. If the case is more severe, antibiotics are prescribed: with penicillin, fluoroquinol or cephalosporin. Mild disorders can be cured with antimicrobial drugs that have a bactericidal effect on the intestines. The treatment is usually course and lasts a week or two. After antibiotic treatment is over, patients are advised to drink sorbents in order to completely cleanse the intestines of the remnants of dead pathogenic microorganisms. With the help of enzyme and choleretic drugs, as well as hepatoprotectors, the process of splitting food and absorbing nutritional components. Thus, the conditions for restoring the balance in the microflora are normalized and beneficial bacteria begin to colonize it. It is also important to remember that it is necessary to correct the body's immune status: for this, immunomodulators and vitamin therapy can be prescribed by a doctor.

Folk remedies against violation of microflora in the intestine

The microflora will begin to actively recover if you start making adjustments to your diet. You also need to additionally support the body with vitamins and minerals. In order to increase the number of beneficial lactobacilli, include more carrots, white cabbage, garlic, celery, and beets in your diet. Here are a few recipes for dishes from these beneficial foods that help restore the balance of bacteria in the intestines:

• Beet marinade. Large beets are peeled and cut into small cubes. It is poured with a liter of water, three tablespoons of apple cider vinegar. Sugar (a tablespoon), black pepper (a pinch) and cloves (a couple of pieces) are added. The mixture is infused overnight at room temperature. You need to drink the infusion before eating a tablespoon.
• Garlic oil. Garlic cloves (5-6 pieces) must be ground to a gruel state. Transfer the resulting mass into a glass dish and pour one glass of vegetable oil. Place in refrigerator for 24 hours. The oil is perfect for dressing various salads.

Proper nutrition to improve the condition of the intestinal microflora

To combat the violation of the intestinal microflora, it is recommended to use prebiotics. This is a natural product that perfectly improves the level of immunity. They help the body cope with colds and dysbacteriosis faster. This natural remedy is known as a common food component that will not be fully absorbed by the intestines, but at the same time it perfectly activates the restoration of microflora. Prebiotics are found in large quantities in chicory, dandelion greens, garlic, onions, fresh asparagus, banana, wheat bran. Including these products in the diet, you can greatly help restore the microflora. Doctors recommend consuming fermented milk products daily, because they perfectly replenish the reserves of useful lacto- and bifidobacteria. They will help get rid of dysbacteriosis, strengthen the immune system, and normalize the active functioning of the digestive tract. The beneficial microorganisms that are part of fermented milk products will not allow pathogenic microbes and fungi to develop, they will help to more easily digest carbohydrates, which later turn into lactic acid, participate in the synthesis of vitamins K and B Also, with their help, it will be better to pass the process of metabolism and regulate cholesterol levels.

If, after trying home treatment, improvement does not occur within a day, you should immediately seek professional help.

Dysbacteriosis is a violation of the beneficial intestinal microflora, in which the number of beneficial lactobacteria and bifidobacteria decreases, and the number of harmful microorganisms increases. This disease occurs quite often in adults, but with greater frequency in newborns.

Also, as a result of a sociological survey, it was revealed that intestinal dysbacteriosis, the symptoms of which may be different, was diagnosed at least once in 90% of the adult population of Russia. Some doctors believe that this disease can be both independent and concomitant, for example, accompany a duodenal ulcer or chronic gastritis.

In this article, we will tell you everything about intestinal dysbacteriosis in adults: consider its causes, first symptoms, as well as modern methods of treating dysbacteriosis with the help of drugs.

Causes

What it is? There are many causes of intestinal dysbacteriosis in adults. In some, it appears due to some pathologies in the intestines (congenital or acquired), while in others, dysbacteriosis is caused by complications after a previous illness. In such situations, the number of bacteria living in the body increases. The overall balance is changing, and microorganisms find all the conditions for survival and further prosperity.

Nevertheless, dysbacteriosis most often develops after antibiotics. When taking drugs, damage to the intestinal epithelium and a change in the composition of the microflora occur. The consequence of uncontrolled consumption of antibiotics can be the emergence of strains of bacteria that are resistant to treatment.

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis in adults

The clinical picture depends on the severity of pathological processes in the intestine. The main symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis in adults include:

• an unpleasant feeling of fullness in the intestines;
• constant feeling of nausea and headache;
• altered composition of the consistency of feces, which becomes semi-liquid with.

All these symptoms can also be accompanied by fever, this is not always the case, but, nevertheless, it occurs quite often. With dysbacteriosis, digestion suffers the most. Since the food in the intestines is first broken down by bacteria, and only then absorbed into the blood. Without the help of microorganisms, the body simply cannot absorb many nutrients; it perceives them as foreign and rejects them. Therefore, nausea, vomiting, loose stools appear.

With intestinal dysbacteriosis, four stages of violations of the bacterial composition of the intestine can be distinguished:

1. A slight increase in the concentration of pathogenic flora and a decrease in the number of obligate bacteria. Symptoms are usually absent.
2. Critical decrease in the concentration of beneficial microflora, the rapid growth of pathogenic flora. This stage often presents with symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, and flatulence.
3. Active reproduction of pathogens, inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.
4. General depletion of the body, beriberi, obligate microflora is almost completely replaced by pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic fungi/bacteria.

Also, the following forms of dysbacteriosis can be distinguished downstream:

1. Latent (compensated)- a latent course that does not lead to changes in the human condition.
2. Subcompensated- the appearance of the first signs of disruption of the intestines due to local inflammatory phenomena.
3. Decompensated- a drop in the body's resistance, covering the pathological processes of the large and small intestines.

The division into stages is very arbitrary, the disease is judged by its actual manifestations. The most characteristic symptoms of dysbacteriosis today are metabolic disorders, thermal supply of the body, low energy supply of the colon epithelium, reduced synthesis of vitamins B12, pantothenic acid, as well as a decrease in antiviral, antitumor protection and local immunity.

Diagnostics

To figure out how to treat intestinal dysbacteriosis, it is necessary not only to diagnose the symptom, but also to determine the cause of its development in adults. Therefore, after collecting anamnesis and finding out the possible causes of dysfunction of the intestinal microflora, the gastroenterologist prescribes a complete examination of the digestive tract, and in the case of a chronic course of dysbacteriosis, the immune system.

From laboratory diagnostic methods are used:

• bacteriological culture of feces, culture for dysbacteriosis;
• microscopic examination of feces;
• coprogram;
• examination of scrapings from the intestinal wall.

Determination of the ratio of microorganisms is carried out by sowing feces on a special nutrient medium that is favorable for the reproduction of bacteria. A few days later, the microflora is examined in detail under a microscope, after which the number of bacteria in one gram of the material is counted.

Unlike bacteriological research, biochemical analysis for dysbacteriosis is performed more quickly and simplified. The method is based on the detection of a spectrum of fatty acids that are the product of vital activity of microorganisms. A biochemical study allows you to determine not only the imbalance of the intestinal microflora, but also the specific section of the gastrointestinal tract, where the violations manifested themselves, as well as the stage of the disease.

Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in adults

The treatment regimen largely depends on the cause of the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis. However, therapy in adults should always be comprehensive and include all specific activities:

• fight against excessive bacterial contamination of the small intestine;
• improvement of intestinal absorption and digestion processes;
• stimulation of the general reactivity of the body (increased immunity);
• restoration of normal intestinal motility;
• elimination of the imbalance of microorganisms in the colon.

It is also recommended to adhere to a strict diet that excludes foods that increase gas formation and contain coarse fiber. At least 4 times a week, and preferably daily, you should eat fermented milk products. Preference should be given to those that are additionally enriched with beneficial lactic acid bacteria.

Drug therapy

Drug treatment of dysbacteriosis in adults is aimed at eliminating its symptoms, restoring normal intestinal microflora and correcting the immune status. Drugs for the treatment of dysbacteriosis in each case should be prescribed by a doctor.

Symptomatic therapy includes taking antispasmodics (papaverine, drotaverine), antidiarrheal and laxatives (loperamide, lactulose, forlax). According to the indications, it is possible to take choleretic (legalon, choleretic fees) and enzyme (pancreatin, festal, mezim) preparations.

When using complex therapy to suppress pathogenic microflora, the following groups of drugs are used:

1. Antibacterial drugs. With intestinal dysbacteriosis, they are prescribed exclusively for an established form of the disease. At the same time, it is very important to take into account the spectrum of sensitivity of the microorganism to antibiotics.
2. Preparations from the group of bacteriophages are viruses that can enter the bacterial cell and gradually dissolve it.
3. Preparations from the group of intestinal antiseptics. Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin), nitrofurans (furazolidone, nifuroxazide) can be used.
4. containing live bacteria.
5. Prebiotics - substances that stimulate the development of normal microflora and inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic (lactulose, galactose);
6. Herbal antiseptics are active against staphylococci. An alcohol solution of Chlorophyllipt is used, which is previously diluted in water.
7. Immunomodulators- to raise local and general immunity and accelerate the process of restoring normal intestinal microflora (dibazole, echinacea tincture).
8. Multivitamin complexes to compensate for the deficiency of vitamins A, D, E (decamevit, multitabs).

Of course, the main therapeutic measures for intestinal dysbacteriosis should be directed to the underlying disease, which caused changes in the microbial landscape. Otherwise, all efforts will be ineffective, and short-term improvement will be replaced by the resumption of symptoms.

Probiotics

Probiotics are preparations for the effective treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis, they contain microorganisms that have a positive effect on the intestinal microflora. In order for the microorganism to pass through the upper parts of the digestive tract with minimal losses, it is placed in an acid-sensitive capsule.

All probiotics can be divided into several groups:

1. Monocomponent. They consist of one type of bacteria - bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, colibacteria - Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin, Colibacterin.
2. Polycomponent. They contain several types of bacteria, colibacteria, bifidumbacteria, lactobacilli - these are Linex, Bifiform, Bifikol.
3. Combined. They contain symbiotic communities of the main bacteria and strains that are immune to most antibiotics in combination with a nutrient medium and immunoglobulin complexes. Linex, Rioflora immuno, Bifikol.
4. Synbiotics. These drugs are produced with a competent combination of pre- and probiotics, forming ready-made complex drugs, for example, Bifidobak, Maltodofilus, Laminolact.
5. Antagonists. Probiotics can conditionally include antagonists, these are microorganisms that can also suppress the development of opportunistic flora, they include such antidiarrheal drugs as Enterol, Bactisporin, Bactisubtil.

It should be understood that in severe forms of dysbacteriosis, the use of probiotics and prebiotics alone is not enough, additional use of antibacterial agents, intestinal antiseptics is also necessary.

Prebiotics

Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that promote health by stimulating the activity or growth of certain groups of bacteria that live in the colon. Prebiotics are processed by digestive enzymes and are not absorbed in the upper digestive tract. Prebiotics not only improve the metabolic activity of the natural microflora, but also inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, the body does not reject them.

Effective prebiotics include:

• Indigestible disaccharides- these are Lactulose (Normaze, Duphalac, Goodluck, Prelax, Lactusan), Lactitol (Exportal), gastrointestinal tract transit prebiotic (it includes fructooligosaccharides, extracts of artichoke, lemon and green tea), lactic acids - Hilak forte.

Also, prebiotics are found in dairy products, corn flakes, cereals, bread, onions, field chicory, garlic, beans, peas, artichokes, asparagus, bananas and many other products. Their properties are most pronounced in fructose-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), lactulose, lactitol.

Antibacterial drugs

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed in cases where an excess of pathogenic microflora in the intestine has caused malabsorption and led to digestive disorders, as well as in the development of infectious inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

In the most severe cases, preference is given to antibiotics from the tetracycline series, penicillins, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. In milder situations, a specialist may prescribe antimicrobial agents that have a bactericidal effect in the intestinal lumen (Furazolidone).

The standard course of such therapy does not exceed 7-10 days. After completing the intake of antibiotics or antimicrobials, adults are recommended to take sorbents (Enterosgel, Polyphepan) to cleanse the intestines from dead bacteria and their metabolic products.

In the treatment of dysbacteriosis caused by taking antibiotics, the main principle is the prevention of dysbacteriosis - the rational use of antibiotics: in no case should you drink them unreasonably.

Diet

At home, there are several effective ways to treat intestinal dysbiosis in adults with the help of diets. Food should be balanced, with the maximum amount of essential trace elements. More healthy and nutritious foods, less "forbidden" foods, convenience foods, confectionery and fast food products.

From the menu will have to be excluded:

• alcohol;
• smoking;
• pickled and canned foods;
• fatty meats;
• fried food;
• fatty and concentrated broths and soups based on them;
• sand dough products;
• potato;
• pasta;
• refined sugar;
• mushrooms.

In addition, it is necessary to eliminate drinks and foods, gas-promoting:

• white cereals (from semolina, rice);
• muffin;
• White bread;
• whole milk;
• sweets;
• grape;
• turnip;
• bananas;
• sweet apples;
• gas-containing drinks (including mineral waters, sparkling wines), etc.

With the help of a well-chosen diet, intestinal motility is normalized. And, of course, we must remember that the therapeutic diet will require many restrictions, and be prepared for the fact that there are much more “no” than “possible” in it.

Prevention

Preventive measures, as a rule, are aimed at eliminating the causes of dysbacteriosis. Therefore, they are:

• rational antibiotic therapy (many doctors advise taking prebiotics along with antibiotics);
• healthy eating;
• normalization of the rest regime, psycho-emotional stress and work;
• timely detection and treatment of digestive ailments;
• epidemiological measures in infectious foci.

Also remember that the treatment of dysbacteriosis is effective and does not drag on for many months, you need to start it when the first symptoms occur. Don't ignore the warning signs: if you're having troublesome gastrointestinal symptoms and changing your diet to a healthier diet isn't helping much, it's best to visit a gastroenterologist.

The functioning of the intestines affects the general well-being of a person, his immunity and appearance. Suppression of the activity of beneficial microorganisms leads to disruption of the work of this organ, the level of toxins increases. As a result, a person's stool is disturbed and health worsens. How to restore the intestinal microflora?

It is necessary to contact a specialist, he will prescribe the necessary medicines. Supporting the intestinal microflora will ensure good immunity and digestion.

Beneficial microorganisms act directly on the processes of fat metabolism, absorption of beneficial and nutrients, decomposition of proteins and bile acids.

A variety of microorganisms live in the human gastrointestinal tract, they colonize the large intestine. Under the intestinal microflora is understood the totality of such beneficial microorganisms:

• bifidobacteria;
• lactobacilli;
• lactobacilli;
• bacteroids.

Beneficial microflora should make up 99% of all microorganisms inhabiting the intestines, only 1% are pathogenic bacteria.

Causes of violation of the intestinal microflora

The intestinal microflora is very sensitive to various influences of external and internal factors. Such a violation is characterized by a quantitative and qualitative change in its composition, in medicine this situation is called dysbacteriosis.

Experts identify several reasons for the violation.

Treatment with antibacterial drugs is a common cause of dysbacteriosis. Antibiotics are harmful not only to pathogens, but also destroy beneficial bacteria.

Addiction to bad habits - smoking and drinking alcohol.

Improper nutrition, when the diet is dominated by fatty and spicy foods, as well as sweets.

Intestinal hyperactivity - too frequent emptying of it leads to washing out of beneficial microflora. This often happens when a person uses laxatives uncontrollably.

Previously transferred infectious diseases can also negatively affect the intestinal microflora.

Emotional loads of a negative nature.

Violation of the hormonal background, treatment with hormonal drugs.

Symptoms of dysbacteriosis in adults

Symptoms of an imbalance in the intestinal microflora are different:

• unstable chair;
• pain sensations;
• bloating;
• weakness;
• headaches;
• cramps in the stomach;
• deterioration of the skin, hair and nails;
• depression.

The stool in violation of the microflora becomes unstable and often turns into the form of diarrhea. The problem manifests itself in the occurrence of pain in the lower abdomen, as well as excessive gas formation.

With dysbacteriosis, the absorption of vitamins and other useful substances worsens, this is expressed by external manifestations - the skin, hair and nails deteriorate.

The predominance of pathogenic microflora in the intestine leads to poisoning by the body of the waste products of bad bacteria, so a person feels constant weakness, fatigue, and headaches. Such manifestations gradually turn into depression and apathy.

Children's symptoms of dysbacteriosis

Dysbacteriosis often manifests itself in newborns, the situation is due to the peculiarities of their development during this period - intestinal sterility and an unstable balance of microflora.

In children who are bottle-fed, as well as in premature babies, the risk of dysbacteriosis is increased. In older children, microflora disorders are caused by other factors - an unbalanced diet or past infections.

In childhood, the pathology under consideration is manifested by the following disorders:

• increased gas formation;
• diarrhea or constipation;
• lower abdominal pain;
• lack of appetite;
• allergic skin rash;
• lethargy and apathy.

With dysbacteriosis in children, undigested food is often present in the feces and the stools have a putrid odor. Children under 2 years of age may not gain weight, and an infant with this disorder is very restless, sleeps poorly and cries for no reason.

Ways to restore balance

Patients can restore the intestinal microflora in various ways. To get rid of the problem, you need a strict diet, with it products that increase gas formation are excluded. It is recommended to increase the intake of foods containing a lot of fiber to restore the microflora.

In addition to changing the diet, special medicines and traditional medicine will help restore the intestinal microflora.

To restore the intestinal microflora, the doctor often prescribes drugs of two groups - probiotics and prebiotics. These drugs normalize the intestinal microflora in different ways.

Probiotics help restore by increasing the number of beneficial bacteria, fill the intestines with bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and lactic acid microorganisms. All these components are contained in the preparations. Against the background of taking probiotics, pathogenic microflora is destroyed by beneficial bacteria.

Prebiotics restore otherwise, they create a favorable environment for the active reproduction of beneficial bacteria. Therefore, to get the maximum effect from probiotics, their intake should be combined with prebiotics. This will contribute to the speedy restoration of the intestinal microflora.

Probiotics are also prescribed for preventive purposes to those people who have been treated for another disease with antibiotics.

Popular Probiotics and Prebiotics

The range of drugs for the normalization of intestinal microflora is quite wide. Prebiotic preparations are presented in various dosage forms: suspension, syrups and tablets.

One of the sought-after restorative drugs is lactulose-based products:

There are also combined prebiotic preparations, they contain enterosorbents. In addition to creating favorable conditions for the growth of beneficial bacteria, they remove toxins from the intestines, these include Maxilak and Laktofiltrum.

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Probiotics can be dry and liquid, but in the second case, these are suspensions and solutions that are not dried. They contain live bacteria and substances that feed them. This form of probiotics acts immediately after entering the human body.

Dry probiotics are specially dried, and this medicine is in the form of a fine powder, tablets or suspension for preparation. The action of dry probiotics begins a few hours after ingestion.

Probiotics can be monocomponent, polycomponent, combined, and also sorption. The most popular probiotics are:

• Polybacterin.
• Bifiform.
• Bifidobacterin-Forte.

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In some cases, to normalize the intestinal microflora, it is not enough to take probiotics and prebiotics. Treatment of dysbacteriosis sometimes requires supplementing therapy with special enzymes. This applies to those cases when a person has chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

As a result of intestinal inflammation, the digestion process worsens, enzymes will contribute to better absorption of incoming food. Digestive enzymes have a beneficial effect on the overall functioning of the digestive tract. The most popular of them are Creon and Mezim.

The correct use of traditional medicine will help improve the intestinal microflora. Garlic oil will help restore the flora in the large intestine. To prepare it, you need to take 5-6 cloves of garlic and grind them to a mushy state. The resulting mass is transferred to a glass container and poured with a glass of vegetable oil.

The finished mixture should be put in the refrigerator for one day, such a remedy is taken with each meal.

A delicious way to improve the intestinal microflora is a mixture of dried fruits. For these purposes, prunes and dried apricots are suitable, dried fruits are crushed in a convenient way, diluted with a small amount of honey. Various herbal infusions and decoctions have a good effect. For this purpose, plantain, calamus root, dill seeds are used.

Dairy products and their benefits

Gut microflora support is often provided through the intake of fermented milk products. They are enriched with various bacteria that have a beneficial effect on the state of the intestinal microflora, they relieve dysbacteriosis.

To restore or improve the intestinal microflora, it is necessary to establish a regimen and quality of nutrition. The patient needs to enrich the diet with fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as whole grain cereals.

You should refrain from spicy salty and fried foods, as well as sweets and staples. Food should be stewed, steamed or boiled. For recovery, the intake of fermented milk products is mandatory.

Treatment of dysbacteriosis and restoration of intestinal microflora is a long process, but achievable. The combination of proper nutrition, taking prescribed medicines and using alternative methods of treatment will ensure success in normalizing the condition of the intestines.

Video: How to restore the intestinal microflora

Normal bowel function directly affects the general condition, human immunity and appearance.

The functioning of this organ is associated with the bacteria that are in it. If the activity of beneficial microorganisms is suppressed, then the intestinal walls begin to slagging. As a result, there are problems with the stool and the state of health worsens.

This is a serious problem that cannot be ignored. The process of assimilation of the necessary vitamins and minerals is impossible without colonization of the intestines with beneficial bacteria.

Therefore, it is very important to know how to restore the intestinal microflora with folk remedies.

Healthy E. coli and a certain number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are components of a healthy intestinal microflora. A decrease in the number of such microorganisms causes dysbacteriosis.

The main factors that provoke this condition:

The appearance of the following signs in an adult indicates problems with the intestinal microflora:

• unstable stool, which often turns into diarrhea;
• pain in the lower abdominal region;
• flatulence, bloating;
• increased fatigue and weakness, headaches;
• unsatisfactory condition of hair, nails and skin, which occurs through poor absorption of nutrients;
• state of apathy, depression.

If you have at least one of these symptoms, you must definitely review your diet and introduce foods that have a positive effect on the intestines.

Dysbacteriosis in children develops as a result of malnutrition, lack of regimen, congenital or acquired pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, colon and small intestine.

The main symptoms in a child 3 years of age and younger to look out for are:

Lack of necessary therapy will worsen the condition of the baby. Parents should seek medical attention. An untimely reaction can lead to such complications:

• Iron-deficiency anemia;
• avitaminosis;
• inflammation of the rectum;
• acute intestinal infection;
• chronic enterocolitis;
• sepsis.

If the treatment is applied on time, then the dangerous consequences of dysbacteriosis in children of different ages can be avoided.

Traditional medicine has many effective recipes that will help restore the intestinal microflora:

For therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, you can use products that restore bowel function. These are onions, wild garlic and garlic. They have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microbes, have antibacterial properties.

Folk remedies can be used to restore the intestinal microflora in children. The most effective recipes:

Proper use of natural resources makes it possible to completely replace medications.

An established diet is the key to a successful and quick restoration of the intestinal microflora..

It is very important not to overeat, as this overloads the weak digestive organs. And you should also do daily fasting days on water, oatmeal, kefir or apples.

Such a diet contributes to the activation of the work of beneficial bacteria, which quickly normalizes the intestinal microflora. In addition, it is necessary to lead an active lifestyle, walk a lot, run, play sports.

Proper nutrition is that all food should be steamed or boiled.. Salt should be limited. The basis of nutrition should be mucous porridge, they have an astringent effect.

It is very good if vegetables and fruits that contain vegetable fiber are present in the diet. The best way to restore the intestinal microflora is kefir, yogurt and fermented baked milk.

Do not forget about the charitable impact of water. With dysbacteriosis, you should drink 2 liters of water per day. Immediately after sleep, you can drink a glass of water, lightly salted or with the addition of lemon.

In case of violation of the intestinal microflora, food should be taken only in a warm form. The break between meals should be 2-3 hours.

Traditional medicine recipes for restoring intestinal microflora are no less effective than expensive medications. They should be used with caution and follow the recommendations.

An important point is the diet for dysbacteriosis. Proper nutrition, lack of stressful situations, an active lifestyle will help to avoid problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

The general state of health, human immunity and its appearance directly depend on the proper functioning of the intestines. The normal functioning of this organ is closely related to the bacteria in it. If the activity of “good” microorganisms is suppressed in the intestine, then its walls begin to slagging, the process of assimilation of useful substances becomes more difficult, problems with stool appear and well-being worsens. However, the restoration of normal microflora and effective bowel function can be done independently. Proper nutritional principles and proven homemade recipes will help you with this.

Causes of violation of the intestinal microflora

A healthy intestinal microflora consists of beneficial E. coli and a certain number of "good" lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The condition in which the number of these microorganisms decreases is called dysbacteriosis. Such violations occur for several reasons:

1. Bad nutrition. Frequent fasting or overeating disrupts digestion and causes problems with stool.
2. Unhealthy food. Foods that are unhealthy for the body (sausages, sausages, ham, sweet water, chips) feed "harmful" bacteria that suppress the vital activity of healthy microflora.
3. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Dysbacteriosis can be caused by poisoning, acute intestinal infections, impaired secretory function, and abdominal surgery.
4. Incorrect medication. Aggressive antibacterial therapy, taking hormonal drugs or antibiotics kills "good" bacteria.

Video: Dysbacteriosis - a disease or not? Expert opinion.

Signs of violation of microflora

You can talk about problems with the intestines if you have the following symptoms:

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• unstable stool, turning into diarrhea;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• bloating, flatulence;
• increased weakness and fatigue, headaches;
• deterioration of the condition of nails, skin and hair (due to poor absorption of useful elements);
• depressed mood or depression.

If you experience one or more of the above symptoms, you need to immediately review your diet and include foods that are healthy for the intestines.

Principles of nutrition in violation of the intestinal microflora

The restoration of the intestinal microflora with folk remedies is based on the colonization of it with “good” bacteria, which ensure the healthy functioning of this organ. It is recommended to start with the establishment of proper eating and drinking habits:

1. To normalize the activity of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, you need to eat fractionally, at least 4-5 times a day with an interval of 3 hours.
2. Do not drink food immediately, so as not to provoke fermentation of the food eaten. It is better to stick to an interval of 30 minutes before and after meals.
3. Eat dinner no later than 19 hours, so as not to burden the intestines at night.
4. Easily digestible and fiber-rich foods are the basis of your diet: fresh vegetables and fruits, legumes and cereals, low-fat dairy products, whole grains - they do not cause fermentation and decay in the intestines.
5. Avoid fried, smoked, spicy foods. Give preference to boiled or steamed foods.
6. Drink more plain water - up to 2 liters per day.

Products for the restoration of intestinal microflora

Restoring the intestinal microflora with folk remedies begins with the formation of a healthy menu, in which the following products must be present:

1. Cereals. Rice, oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley and wheat porridge (on water, without sugar, with the addition of dried fruits), whole grain bread, pea and lentil dishes contain a lot of fiber and help cleanse the intestines.
2. Vegetables. White cabbage, celery, a variety of greens, broccoli, carrots, bell peppers, beets and pumpkin are especially useful.
3. Fruit in abundance. Give preference to citrus fruits (sources of vitamin C and antioxidants), apples, apricots, plums. Do not forget about berries: currants, cranberries, lingonberries, mountain ash.
4. Spices. To restore the intestinal flora, flax and dill seeds, cumin, coriander, and turmeric are useful.
5. Dairy products. Normalize the activity of the intestines and its settlement with "beneficial" bacteria.
6. Herbal teas and dried fruit compotes help flush out any harmful substances from the body.
7. Products that suppress pathogenic microflora! Add onion, wild garlic and especially garlic to all dishes. They have strong antibacterial properties, contain essential oils and phytoncides that can suppress pathogenic microflora.
8. Meat. It should be abandoned. Allow yourself only low-fat varieties of poultry and fish, it is better not every day.
9. Simple carbohydrates, such as sugar, any bakery or confectionery products, it is desirable to completely eliminate from the diet.

Video: Folk recipes for the treatment of dysbacteriosis.

Restoration of intestinal microflora with folk remedies

Problems with the intestines deliver a lot of discomfort, so they should not be left unattended. However, many experts believe that there is no such disease as dysbacteriosis, and therefore there can be no cure for it. In this case, the only way to restore the intestinal microflora are folk remedies:

1. Garlic in combination with oils will help you quickly return to good health. One clove should be eaten daily in the morning on an empty stomach. Drink garlic with warm water, after mixing half a teaspoon of linseed or olive oil in it.

2. Garlic oil will help restore intestinal health in a short time. Grind a clove of garlic and fill it with half a glass of vegetable oil, preferably flaxseed. The remedy must be infused for 2-3 days. Take the drug in half a teaspoon on an empty stomach and drink it with plain water.

3. Garlic in combination with kefir normalizes the balance of bacteria in the intestines. The remedy is recommended to be taken 2 hours before bedtime. It will facilitate the absorption of the food received during the day. Stir 2 chopped garlic cloves in a glass of kefir and drink in one gulp.

4. A mixture of natural honey, prunes and dried apricots is an excellent food for "good" bacteria. The medicine should be taken in a tablespoon a day. And it is easy to prepare: the dry ingredients are ground with a blender and mixed with honey.

5. If the violation of the intestinal microflora is accompanied by aching pains, then it is recommended to take an infusion of chamomile, St. John's wort, lemon balm and flax seeds daily. They are mixed in 2 large spoons and poured with two glasses of boiling water. The remedy is insisted for at least an hour and taken half a glass before meals.

6. If dysbacteriosis is accompanied by flatulence and bloating, mint (3 tablespoons), eucalyptus (5 tablespoons) and dill seeds (1 tablespoon) will help. All ingredients are mixed and poured with a liter of boiling water. After an hour, the infusion can be drunk. It is taken daily, 1 glass before meals for a month.

7. Braga will help restore the intestinal microflora after antibiotics. It is prepared as follows: a large spoonful of honey, the same amount of sugar and 2 g of yeast are poured into two glasses of warm water. Then we leave the drink to ferment in a warm place. After a couple of hours, the mash is ready. It is recommended to take 2 cups a day, drinking a small amount between meals.