The imposition of various bandages. bandage bandages

22.04.2020 -

When applying dressings to wounds and burn surfaces, basic rules must be observed. The type of dressing applied in each case is determined by the nature of the injury and the goal (protecting the wound, stopping bleeding, fixing the damaged part of the body, etc.).

When applying a bandage, the affected person must be given the most comfortable position so as not to cause additional pain. The bandaged part of the body should be located in a physiological position, that is, in the one that the affected person will occupy after first aid is provided to him. So, a bandage is applied to the upper limb with the elbow joint bent at a right angle, so that you can hang your hand on a scarf. A bandage on the lower limb, if the affected person has to walk, is applied with the knee joint bent at a slight angle and the foot bent at a right angle. When applying a bandage, it is necessary to monitor the facial expression of the affected person - this will allow him to determine in time his reaction to pain.
You can not remove fragments from the wound, touch the wound with your hands, fill it with a solution of iodine alcohol, cologne, alcohol, vodka! It is necessary to treat only the skin around the wound. Do not tear off clothing stuck to the wound, but carefully cut it around the wound! If it is difficult to remove the shoes when the wound is exposed, it is cut along the seam. On the scalp, if possible, cut the hair only around the wound, but do not remove them from the wound. The wound is closed with a sterile material (napkin, bandage), which is fixed with a bandage. The head of the bandage is taken in the right hand, with the left hand the end of the bandage is applied to the side of the wound; rolling out the bandage, apply a bandage by rotating its head around the bandaged part of the body, intercepting the head of the bandage alternately with the right and left hand, straighten the bandage with the free hand. Bandaging is carried out from left to right, each subsequent move of the bandage closes half the width of the previous move. The applied bandage should not cause pain, disrupt blood circulation. Having finished bandaging on a healthy part of the body, you need to tie the end of the bandage torn longitudinally or fix the end of the bandage with a pin.

Twelve rules for applying bandages:

1. The patient should be seated or laid down in a comfortable position so that the bandaged area is motionless and available for bandaging.

2. The caregiver must face the patient in order to be able to observe him.

3. Bandaging is always done from the periphery to the center (from bottom to top).

4. Beating proizvooyatotratnsheyu counterclockwise (with the exception of the imposition of bandages Deso, spicate, on the mammary gland).

5. Bandaging begins with the fixing stroke of the bandage.

6. Each subsequent turn of the bandage should cover the previous turn by half or two thirds.

7. The head of the bandage should be moved along the bandaged surface,
without taking it away from her.

8. Bandaging should be done with both hands (one hand
roll out the head of the bandage, and the other - straighten its moves).

9. The bandage should be evenly tightened so that its passages do not move and do not lag behind the bandaged surface.

10. The bandaged area of \u200b\u200bthe body should be given such a position
in which it will be after bandaging.

11. When applying a bandage to parts of the body that have the shape of a cone (thigh, lower leg, forearm), for a better fit of the bandage, it is necessary to twist it every 1-2 turns of the bandage.

12. At the end of the dressing, the bandage is fixed.

Dressings for head trauma

Wounds in the scalp are most often applied bandage cap(rice.). This bandage is considered the most convenient and reliable, because. exclude the possibility of displacement. The wound is covered with a sterile napkin and a layer of cotton wool. Then a piece of bandage-ties (1) up to 1 m long is lowered through the crown of the head with equal ends in front of the auricles. Holding the ends of the piece of bandage in a taut position, make 2-3 circular moves through the forehead and back of the head (2) over the stretched bandage-tie on the right and left (11) - (13), gradually closing the entire cranial vault with its moves. The end of the bandage (14) is connected to one of the ties and under the chin is tied to the other tie.

Rice. Bandage cap

Headband-hat(fig.): first, the bandage is fixed with two circular moves through the forehead and occipital region, then, alternately bending it in front and behind (1) - (9), the ends (places of kinks) are fixed with circular tours of the bandage (4) - (5). Repeating this technique several times, close the entire scalp. Finish applying the bandage with a circular bandage (10), the end of which is fixed with a pin.

Rice. 8.16. Headband-hat

On wounds in the face, chin, and sometimes on the scalp, apply bandage in the form of a bridle(rice.).

Fig. Bridle bandage - explanations in the text

After two fixing moves through the forehead and occipital region (1), the bandage is transferred from behind to the neck and chin (2), then several vertical moves (3) - (5) are made through the crown and chin. From under the chin, the bandage is led to the back of the head (6) through the forehead (7), then the order of the bandage moves is repeated until the surface of the nape, crown, and lower jaw is closed. If you need to close the chin with a bandage, then make additional moves (8), (9) through the chin and neck and vertical (10), (11) and end with circular moves through the forehead and occipital region (12).
Ear bandage(Fig..) is applied with a circular bandage through the frontal-occipital regions (1), (3), (5) with alternating bandage through the mastoid process (part of the temporal bone located behind the external auditory canal) and ear (2), ( 4), (6), end with circular moves (7).

Rice. . Left ear patch

On the occipital region and neck superimposed eight-shaped (cruciform), bandage(so called by the shape and moves of the bandage) (Fig.).

It starts with two circular bandages through the frontal-parietal regions (1), then the bandage is led above the ear to the back of the head (2) and at the angle of the lower jaw on the other side is taken to the front surface of the neck, then from under the lower jaw through the occipital region (3) on the forehead. Subsequently, the order of the bandage moves is repeated (4), (5), (6) and ends around the head (7). This type of dressing can also be applied to the chest, hand, etc.

Fig. Eight-shaped headband

Eye patch called monocular and superimposed as follows: first, a fixing circular motion of the bandage (1) is made, which goes from the back of the head under the right ear to the right eye (2), and under the left ear - to the left eye. Bandage moves alternate through the eye and around the head. When applying a bandage, it should be remembered that bandaging is performed from a diseased eye. A bandage for both eyes consists of a combination of two bandages applied to the left and right eyes (called binocular). It starts just like a bandage over one eye.

Rice. 8.20. Bandage on the right eye (a) and on the left eye (b)

On the nose, forehead, chin superimposed sling bandage(Fig.), placing a sterile napkin (bandage) on the wound. When applying bandages to the head, you can use a mesh-tubular bandage.

Rice. 8.21. Sling-like bandage on the nose (a), forehead (b), chin (c)

Dressings for chest injury

The simplest of these bandages is spiral(rice.). A bandage 1-1.5 m long should be put on the left shoulder girdle (1), hanging its ends equally behind and in front. Above it, starting from the bottom of the chest, they go in spiral moves, going up from right to left (2) - (8). The bandage is finished with a bandage running from the right armpit, connecting 1 (9) with the free end in front (10) and tying on the forearm with the other free end hanging behind (11).

Rice. Spiral chest bandage

Rice. Cross bandage on the chest

cruciform bandage on the chest (Fig.) is applied from the bottom of the chest, starting with two or three circular moves (1), (2) of the bandage, then the bandage moves from the right armpit along the front surface (3) to the left shoulder girdle with a fixing circular move (4) and from the back through the right shoulder girdle (5): the bandage moves are repeated in the indicated order until the entire surface of the chest is covered with a bandage.

To fix the shoulder girdle and shoulder is used Deso bandage. It is used to immobilize fractures of the bones of the forearm, shoulder, with dislocations in the shoulder joint. Before applying the bandage, the arm is bent at a right angle in the elbow joint, turning the palmar surface to the chest. A cotton ball is placed in the armpit to abduct the shoulder. Bandage Dezo consists of 4 moves. Bandaging is performed towards the affected side. With two or three moves of the bandage (1) - (2), the shoulder is fixed to the body, then the bandage is led from the back to the armpit of the healthy side, on the shoulder girdle of the diseased side, lowered down under the elbow and, fixing the forearm, is carried into the armpit of the healthy side (3 ), along the back through the shoulder girdle of the diseased side, they are lowered down the shoulder under the elbow, then obliquely along the back through the armpit of the healthy side, and then the bandage moves (4), (5) are repeated several times until the shoulder girdle is completely fixed. With the correct application of the bandage, the bandage moves do not spread over the shoulder girdle of the healthy side, but form triangles in front and behind the chest.

Fig. Deso bandage

Upper limb bandages

A protective and simultaneously fixing bandage is applied to the shoulder joint. On the shoulder joint(Fig. 8.25.) bandaging starts from the armpit of the healthy side through the outer surface (1) of the injured shoulder, then from behind to the armpit and onto the shoulder (2), along the back through the armpit of the healthy side (3) to the shoulder, and then the bandage moves are repeated, shifting upwards to the shoulder joint and shoulder girdle (4).

On the elbow joint(Fig. 8.26.) the bandage is applied with spiral bandage moves, alternating them alternately on the forearm (1), (2), (6), (8), (10) and shoulder (3), (4), (5), (7), (9) with crossing in the cubital fossa, fixing the bandage (II).

Rice. Bandage on the shoulder Fig.. Bandage on the elbow joint

Spiral bandages are applied to the shoulder and forearm, bandaging from the bottom up with the bend of the bandage. The bend of the bandage is performed as follows: the lower edge of the last round is pressed with the thumb of the free hand, the bandage is bent, while its upper edge becomes the lower one. With this method of bandaging, a tight fit of the bandage and good fixation of the bandage are achieved.

Rice. Spiral bandage on the forearm

A cruciform bandage is applied to the hand(fig.) and "mitten"(Fig.) The bandage is fixed on the wrist (1) in two or three moves, then it is led obliquely along the back of the hand (2) to the palm, in two or three circular moves (3) from the palmar surface obliquely along the back of the hand (4) to the wrist , then the bandage moves repeat (5), (6), (7 ); b The indentation is completed by fixing the end of the bandage on the wrist (8).

Fig. Cruciform bandage on the hand

Fig .. Bandage on the brush "mitten"

If the fingers are damaged, the bandage is applied to each finger separately (Fig.)

Rice. 8.31. Finger bandages:

a-bandage of the finger; b-bandage on all fingers (glove); c-bandage on 1 finger according to the type of spicate; g-bandage of the finger by the type of returning
Spiral bandage on the finger(Fig. 8.32.) start with two or three bandage moves from the wrist (1), then lead the bandage along the back surface (2) to the nail phalanx of the finger, make circular moves to the base (3) - (6), through the wrist (7 ), if necessary, bandage the 2nd (8) and subsequent fingers.

Rice. . Spiral finger bandage

Dressings for injuries of the lower extremities and abdomen

Rice. . Bandage on the abdomen and hip joint a-bandage on the abdomen; b - bandage on the hip joint or inguinal region

Rice. . Wrist bandage

a - the fixing stroke of the bandage (1); b - circular moves of the bandage (2, 3); c - transfer of the bandage to the forearm (4); g - fixing moves of the bandage on the forearm (5, 6); e - return of the bandage to the hand (7); e - subsequent circular moves of the bandage on the brush (8) and fixing the bandage

Spiral bandages are applied on the thigh and lower leg as well as on the shoulder and forearm.
On the knee-joint impose a converging or divergent bandage (Fig.)

Rice. Bandage on the knee joint: a - convergent, b - divergent
On the ankle joint apply an eight-shaped bandage (Fig.). The first fixing move of the bandage is made above the ankle (1), then the bandage is led down to the sole (2) around the foot (3) and along its back surface (4) above the ankle (5) to the foot; repeating the moves of the bandage, finish the bandage with circular moves above the ankle (7), (8). This bandage not only protects the wound, but also fixes the joint.
When applied tie on the heel area the first move of the bandage is made through its most protruding part, then, alternately, above and below the first move, continuing from the sole with oblique moves around above the ankle, then the moves of the bandage are repeated above the second and below the third move in the opposite direction, through the sole; the end of the bandage is fixed above the ankle.

On the foot(Fig. 8.35,8.36.) apply a spike-shaped bandage with alternating bandage moves through the heel, supraheel region (1), (3), (5), (7), (9) and the back surface of the foot (2), (4), (6), (8), (10), (12); the end of the bandage (13) is fixed above the ankles.

Rice. . Ankle bandage

Rice. . Spica joint foot bandage

Rice. Technique for applying an eight-shaped bandage on the foot and ankle joint:
a-fixing move on the foot (1); b-circular moves on the foot (2.3); c- transfer of the bandage to the shin (4); d - fixing moves on the lower leg (5.6); e - return of the bandage to the foot (7); e-subsequent circular moves on the foot (8) and fixing the bandage
On the stump of a limb a returning bandage is applied (Fig.) as follows: the wound is covered with a sterile napkin, a cotton-gauze pad and fixed alternately circular (1), (2), (3), (5), (7), (9) and longitudinal ( 4), (6), (8) bandage moves.

The most time-consuming and difficult is the application of bandages for severe abdominal trauma. When the upper abdomen is injured, a spiral bandage is used with circular bandages from the chest down.

When the wound is located in the lower abdomen or in the groin area, spica bandage(rice.

Having made two or three circular moves (1) - (3) in the lower abdomen, the bandage is led from behind to the front surface of the thigh (4) and around it (5), and then through the inguinal region (6) to the lower abdomen, performing the necessary the number of circular strokes if it is necessary to close the wound in this area (7) - (9), or one circular stroke followed by repetition of (4), (5), (6) strokes of the bandage on the thigh and through the groin—close the wound if necessary in the groin area.

Rice. . Bandage on the stump of the limb

Rice. Bandage on the lower abdomen and groin area
Bandages on the perineum and lower limbs. For injuries of the perineum, a T-shaped bandage is convenient: they take a piece of bandage, tie it in the form of a belt at the waist, then make bandage moves through the perineum, and, fixing them to the belt in front and behind, fix the napkin applied to the wound.

With more extensive perineal wounds, it is advisable to apply eight bandage, which is started with two or three circular moves around the waist, then the bandage is led through the buttock and perineum, they make a reverse move around the waist through the perineum, and so on, repeating the moves of the bandage, crossing in front, tightly close the external genitalia.
To the pelvic area apply a spike-shaped bandage, starting with a circular bandage at the waist, then make successive moves around the hip and waist in the form of a figure eight, ending with bandaging.

The chapter shows the main ways of applying bandage dressings to various areas of the body. There may be various modifications of these dressings. The main requirement for applying bandages is compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis, ensuring the most convenient physiological position of the injured part of the body, eliminating the possibility of impaired blood supply, and reliable fixation of the bandage on the damaged part of the body.

Protecting a wound from infection is best achieved by applying a dressing, following these guidelines:

1) do not touch the wound with your hands, as there are especially many microbes on the skin of the hands;

2) dressing that closes the wound must be sterile.

Before bandaging, if circumstances permit, you need to wash your hands with soap and wipe them with alcohol. If possible, the skin around the wound treated with alcohol and lubricated with 5% iodine solution- thereby destroying the microbes that are on the skin.

The bandage itself should consist of two parts: sterile napkins or cotton-gauze pads, which directly close the wound, and the material with which they are fixed. The most suitable for this is a dressing package. When applying a bandage, the package is opened, a cotton-gauze pad is applied to the wound on the surface that was not touched by hands. The pad is bandaged, and the ends of the bandage are secured with a pin or tied.

When applying bandages, the caregiver should:

face the victim so that, guided by the expression on his face, not to cause him additional pain;

to prevent pain support an injured body part in the position in which it will be after dressing;

bandaging is better to start from the bottom up, unwinding the bandage with the right hand, and holding the bandage with the left and straightening the bandage moves;

roll out the bandage without taking it off the body, usually clockwise, overlapping each previous move by half;

bandage the limbs from the periphery, leaving the tips of intact fingers free;

if a pressure bandage is not required to temporarily stop bleeding, apply a regular bandage very tightly so that the blood circulation in the damaged part of the body is not disturbed, but not too weakly, otherwise it will slip. When a very tight bandage is applied to the limbs, blue and swelling soon appear;

when fixing the end of the bandage with a knot, it should be on the healthy part so as not to disturb the victim.

Depending on the site of injury different types of bandages are used: bandage in the form of a "bridle" on the parietal and occipital regions of the head, bandage in the form of a cap on the scalp, sling bandage, circular bandage, spiral bandage, cruciform or eight-shaped bandage, plaster bandages, scarf bandages.

Bandage in the form of a "bridle" on the parietal and occipital regions of the head. To apply it, after 2-3 fixing moves around the head, the bandage is led through the back of the head to the neck and chin.

Bandage in the form of a cap on the scalp applied in the following way. A piece of bandage about 0.5 meters long is placed on the crown of the head, its ends (strings) are lowered down in front of the auricles. With another bandage, 2-3 fixing moves are made around the head, and then, pulling the ends of the ties down and somewhat to the sides, wrap the bandage around them on the right and left alternately and lead it through the occipital, frontal and parietal regions until they cover the entire scalp.

Eye patch also begins with fixing moves counterclockwise around the head, then through the back of the head the bandage is led under the right ear to the right eye. Then the moves alternate: one through the eye, the other around the head. When applying a bandage to the left eye, fixing moves around the head are made clockwise, then through the back of the head under the left ear and on the left eye.

When applying a bandage to both eyes, after fixing moves, alternate moves through the back of the head to the right eye, and then to the left.

sling bandage It is convenient to apply on the nose, lips, chin, as well as on the entire face. Its width should be sufficient to cover the entire damaged surface, and its length should be about one and a half head circumferences. The prepared bandage is cut lengthwise on both sides, leaving the middle intact. for example, the size of the chin.

A sterile napkin is applied to the wound, then the uncut part of the bandage, the ends of which are tied at the back of the neck and crown.

circular bandage- convenient when you need to bandage some limited area, such as the wrist, lower leg, forehead, etc. When applied, its bandage is applied to the desired part of the body, bandaging so that each subsequent turn completely covers the previous one.

spiral bandage they begin in the same way as the circular one, making two or three turns of the bandage in one place in order to fix it, and then apply the bandage so that each turn closes the previous one by two-thirds. Spiral bandage in various combinations is used for wounds of the chest, abdomen, limbs, fingers. When applying a spiral bandage to the chest, the end of the bandage about 1 meter long is unwound, which is placed on the left shoulder girdle and left hanging obliquely on the right side of the chest.

With a bandage, starting from the bottom from the back, the chest is bandaged in spiral moves from right to left, then, with a move from the left armpit, the bandage is connected with the free end over the right shoulder.

A variation of the spiral bandage is the spike bandage. It is a spiral bandage with kinks. It is applied to the thigh, thumb, etc.

Cruciform or eight-shaped bandage, so named after the bandage, describing the eight, is convenient for bandaging the joints, the back of the head, neck, hands, chest.

With some chest wounds, for example, stab wounds, fragmentation, the integrity of the pleura may be violated and a constant communication of the pleural cavity with the atmosphere may remain. Squishing, smacking sounds are heard in the area of the wound at the entrance and exit. On exhalation, bleeding from the wound increases, the blood foams. With such a wound, when providing PMP, it is necessary to stop air access to the pleural cavity as soon as possible. To do this, a cotton-gauze pad from a dressing bag or gauze napkins folded in the form of small squares are applied to the wound. On top of them, air-tight material is applied (like a compress) - oilcloth, plastic bag, dressing bag shell, adhesive plaster. The edges of the airtight material should extend beyond the edges of the cotton-gauze pads or napkins covering the wound.

The sealing material is reinforced with a bandage bandage. It is necessary to transport the victim in a half-sitting position.

With small wounds, abrasions, it is quick and convenient to use patch bandages. To do this, it is better to use a bactericidal adhesive plaster, on which there is an antiseptic swab. After removing the protective coating, the tampon is applied to the wound and glued to the surrounding skin. In the absence of a bactericidal tampon, a sanitary napkin is applied to the wound and fixed with strips of a conventional adhesive plaster.

Often used to hold a dressing or to hang an injured arm scarf bandages. Despite the simplicity of its application, often such a bandage is the most reliable and comfortable.

The wound surface is covered with a sterile napkin or clean cloth, which is then fixed with a scarf. It is convenient to use such dressings for wounds of the head, chest, perineum, elbow, knee and ankle joints, hands and feet.

1 - cap; 2 - cap; 3 - on one eye; 4 - on both eyes;
5 - on the ear (Neapolitan bandage); 6 - eight-shaped bandage on the occipital
area and neck; 7 - on the chin and lower jaw (bridle);
8 - Bandage mesh-ribbed bandage;
Hippocratic hat: 9 - Start; 10 - general form;
11 - on the nose; 12 - on the chin; 13 - on the parietal region;
14 - on the back of the head; 15 - contour bandage on the cheek

Do you need to bandage a wound or bruise? Most standard first aid kits include sterile gauze compresses, hygroscopic bandages, adhesive tape, bandage bandage and triangular bandage, as well as conventional adhesive bandages. In an emergency, any absorbent material can be used as a dressing. Bandaging deep cuts, treating serious puncture wounds and burns, and open bone fractures require different dressing techniques. Before starting the procedure, you should be sure which of the methods described below should be used in your case.

Steps

Part 1

Applying a bandage in the form of a narrow strip

Find out when narrow bandages are used. These bandages come in different sizes and types. They are ideal for applying to minor cuts and scrapes, as well as any minor wounds. Such dressings are especially effective for wounds on the hands and/or fingers, as they easily cover small cuts and hold firmly even at unusual angles.

Choose your bandage size. Narrow bandages are sold in packs in one size and in different sizes in one package. When choosing a narrow dressing, make sure the area with the gauze pad is larger than your wound.

Remove the wrapper. Most narrow dressings, made of elastic or fabric adhesive tape over a small piece of gauze, are sold in separate packages. Before applying, it is necessary to remove the wrapper from the bandage along with the protective film on its adhesive side.

Cover the wound with a gauze compress. Narrow dressings have a small section of gauze in the middle of the segment with adhesive tape. Apply a gauze compress directly to the wound. Be careful not to get the sticky part of the dressing on the wound, otherwise the wound may reopen when the dressing is removed.

If necessary, you can apply a small amount of antibacterial ointment to a gauze compress before dressing the wound.
Avoid touching the gauze pad with your fingers when applying to the wound to avoid carrying dirt and germs.

Firmly press the adhesive bandage. After applying the gauze pad to the wound, stretch the bandage and firmly press it against the skin around the wound. Make sure that the adhesive plaster is firmly attached to the skin and that the dressing is securely fixed in one position.

Change bandages regularly. Bandages should be removed and replaced regularly. When changing the dressing, the wound must be washed and dried before applying a new dressing. Try not to pull off the bandage with a sudden movement when changing.

Fasten the gauze. Elastic bandages must be secured to the wound. Apply sterile gauze to the wound before applying the dressing. The gauze should completely cover the wound. It is best to use gauze pads slightly larger than the wound itself.
- If necessary, you can secure the gauze with adhesive tape while applying the elastic bandage.
- Again, you can apply a healing ointment to the gauze pad to disinfect and heal the wound.
Wrap the wound with an elastic bandage. After fixing the gauze pad, it is necessary to wrap the body area with an elastic bandage. Start from the bottom area under the wound. Working upwards, apply the dressing, covering at least half of the applied dressing with each new wrap. Finish dressing when you reach the top of the wound.

Fasten the bandage. After applying the elastic bandage, it must be fixed. This can be done in several ways. You can use adhesive tape or special staples to secure the elastic bandage in place. Before fixing the bandage, make sure that it is not too tight on the wound.

Change bandages regularly. For quick drying and healing of the wound, it is necessary to change elastic bandages from time to time. Every time you remove the bandage, do not forget to rinse and dry the wound. As a general rule, dressings should be changed at least once a day, or when fluid oozing from the wound soaks the gauze pad.

Part 3

Bandage Basics

Learn more about the purpose of bandages. Although many people think that bandages are used to stop bleeding and prevent infection, they are actually used to secure the dressing. A small piece of dressing material (for example, adhesive tape) is attached to the bandages. Some of them are applied over a separate piece of sterile dressing material. It is important to note that if you simply bandage a wound without a dressing, then the wound will continue to bleed and this can lead to infection. Never apply a dressing directly to an open wound.

Try not to tighten the bandage too tight. If you have ever worn a bandage that is too tight, you are probably familiar with the discomfort caused by such an application. If the bandage is tied too tightly, it can further damage the wound/body and cause discomfort/pain. The bandage should be tight enough so that the dressing is not visible or hanging down, but at the same time it should be loose enough so as not to interfere with blood circulation.

Use a bandage to treat fractures and dislocations. You should know that the bandage can be used for fractures and displacement of bones. Not all dressings are used exclusively for wound healing. If you have an injury such as a broken bone, a dislocated shoulder joint, eye problems, or any other internal injury, then you can use a bandage to support and secure the injured part of your body. The only difference between dressings for internal injuries is that there is no need for a dressing. For such injuries, a special type of dressing is used (as opposed to adhesive bandage or other similar means). As a rule, triangular bandages, bandages in the shape of the letter T and bandages are used in this case.

Any possible fractures or dislocations can be supported in this way until medical attention is sought.

Find out when you need to seek medical help. Bandaging of minor injuries can be done at home, but if there are serious injuries, it is necessary to dress it with a bandage as a protection of the wound from external influences before contacting a doctor. Call the hotline and ask the nurse for advice if you are not sure if your wound is serious.
- If you have bandaged a wound but it does not heal or causes severe pain after 24 hours, you should seek immediate medical attention.
- A wound larger than three centimeters with loss of skin and/or soft tissue requires immediate medical attention.
Wash and clean the wound before dressing. If you do not have an emergency and are not in a hurry, then you should carefully treat the wound before applying a bandage. Rinse the wound with water to remove splinters and use soap or disinfectant to kill bacteria. Dry the wound with a towel and apply an antiseptic cream to prevent the spread of infection. Dressings and dressings must be applied over disinfectants.
- If there is any debris around the injured area, use gauze to delete their movements, produced in the form of a star, beyond the boundaries of the wound before rinsing. This helps to keep the wound from getting dirt particles into it when washing.

Part 4

Bandaging of minor wounds

Use a narrow bandage to cover small cuts. The most common type of bandage is the narrow bandage, also known as the narrow bandage. This bandage is best suited for minor cuts and abrasions that occur on a flat area of the body. To apply a dressing, simply peel off the top layer of wax paper and apply the gauze pad to the wound. Use the adhesive ends to secure the bandage, but be careful not to pull them too tight or the bandage will come off.

Use a germicidal dressing on finger and toe wounds. A bactericidal patch is a special type of dressing in the shape of the letter "H". This bandage is easy to apply on cuts and abrasions between the fingers and toes. Peel off the wax paper and place the adhesive ends between your fingers so that the center of the bandage is over the wound. This will prevent the bandage from being displaced from the site of injury, which is very important, since wounds between the fingers and toes are more susceptible to external influences.

Use a butterfly patch for cuts and small wounds. Butterfly plaster consists of two sticky adhesive strips connected by a thin, non-sticky bandage layer. This type of bandage is used for closed wounds, not to stop bleeding or prevent infection. You can use this butterfly bandage if you have a lacerated cut or small wound. Remove the film from the back and place the bandage with the adhesive ends on both sides of the cut. Then press the ends, completely closing the wound. The non-adhesive center strip should be placed directly over the wound.
- A piece of sterile gauze is attached with tape and should be placed over the butterfly bandage for at least the first 24 hours to help prevent infection.
Use gauze or band-aids to dress burns. For minor burns (symptoms include redness, swelling, and mild pain, and the affected area is usually no more than 7.5 cm wide), you can treat it at home with a bandage. Apply sterile gauze to the burn, then use adhesive tape to secure the gauze. In no case should the adhesive bandage touch the burn.

Use moleskin to bandage blisters. Moleskine is a special type of foamy adhesive dressing that is used to prevent blisters from breaking down. Moleskine is usually donut-shaped with a cut in the middle for bandaging a blister. Remove the backing film around the entire circumference of the moleskin and apply it to the blister so that the blister is in the round hole in the dressing. This will prevent damage and relieve pressure on it. You can put a tight bandage over the moleskin to prevent infection in case the blister breaks.
- You can make a homemade moleskin by laying several layers of gauze a little above the level of the blister and poke a hole in the center that is larger than the width of the blister. Center the blister in the hole, then cover with a piece of gauze and secure with adhesive tape.

Part 5

Bandaging of serious wounds

Use a pressure bandage. For severe cuts and abrasions, a pressure bandage can be used. It is a long narrow piece of gauze with a thick gauze pad located closer to one of the ends. A gauze pad is applied over the wound, and a narrow strip is wrapped around the limb to press down and fix the bandage. It is best to use this dressing for heavily bleeding wide wounds and abrasions. You can use adhesive tape to secure one end of the gauze pad in place.
Use the donut bandage. You can use these dressings to heal punctures and puncture wounds. If there is a foreign object in the wound, such as a piece of glass, a piece of wood or metal, you will need a donut dressing. It is a tight "O" shaped bandage that helps relieve pressure around a foreign object or deep puncture wound. Leave the foreign object in the wound (do not try to pull it out!) and wrap the bandage around the injury. Then use a gauze band-aid or gauze wrapped around the donut bandage to hold it in place. Do not apply gauze or band-aid to the center of the donut where the foreign object is.
- You can make a homemade donut headband by rolling a triangular headband into a tight, snake-like ring and then making a loop that matches the size of the body part being supported. (Wrap it around one or more fingers to shape it.) Then take the loose ends of the bandage and thread them through the loop, wrap them from the outside and pull them back through the makeshift eyelet again. Press the ends of the bandage on the back side of the formed donut-shaped structure to secure. Thus, you have a support structure for a wide range of injuries.
Use a triangular bandage. A triangular bandage is ideal for fixing a displaced or broken bone. This small-looking dressing is unfolded into a large triangular-shaped dressing. It is folded into a bandage of the desired shape, after which it is used to support a broken or displaced bone. Make a long rectangle out of the triangle and tie a knot to form a loop. You can also wrap the bandage around the splint/bone for more support. The scope of triangular dressings may vary depending on the injury, so you should choose the most suitable option. Use a pressure bandage. For deep cuts or accidental amputation, a compression bandage is ideal. These bandages are made of a dense, elastic material that creates pressure to help control heavy bleeding. If there is a deep cut or accidental amputation of a body part, treat the wound as carefully as possible, then apply a thick layer of sterile gauze. Wrap a compression bandage around the gauze to hold it in place and apply pressure to the lesion to reduce bleeding.
- Try to position the injured part of the body above the level of your heart before bandaging, as this will reduce blood flow to it and the risk of shock.

Try not to get an infection. If a grayish or yellow liquid with an unpleasant odor is released from the wound, or the body temperature has risen to 38 degrees, you should seek medical help.
Use tweezers to remove shrapnel from a wound if you are unable to seek medical attention immediately, although you can also wait for professional help.
Learn how to deal with shock. A person experiences shock when severely injured. This can be fatal if not treated promptly. Lay the patient on their back and lift the legs up with knees bent. If possible, cover the patient with a warm blanket, taking special care to cover the limbs. Speak in a calm voice and ask the patient open-ended questions to enable him to continue talking (for example, "What is your name?" or "How did you meet your spouse?"). Seek immediate medical attention.
Keep a first aid kit with you. The injuries described in this article can be easily managed with the bandages that are included in the standard first aid kit. You should know where such a kit is located in your office, as well as have it available at home and in the car.
In case of serious damage, try to stop the bleeding first. The infection can be dealt with later.
If you get a large abrasion on an area of skin that is not easily covered with a bandage (such as a knee or elbow), try applying a liquid bandage. You can buy this dressing at your local pharmacy.
Gauze pads in individual packages and on the dressings themselves are sterile. Try not to run your fingers over the gauze pad when applying to the wound.

Warnings

The use of hand sanitizer is not safe when treating open wounds. Do not use such products instead of water to wash the wound.
Bandaging of serious injuries is a temporary precaution. Once the bleeding stops, do your best to get the patient medical attention.

appliquer different types de bandages

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Basic principles of bandaging:

Make sure the person is in a comfortable position and understands what you are doing.
Apply the dressing from the side of the wound so you don't have to reach across your body to get to it.
Maintain the injured part of the body in the same position as it will be after applying the dressing.
Apply the right size bandage - different body parts require different widths of bandages.
If possible, when bandaging an arm or leg, do not cover your fingers so that you can easily check the circulation.
Apply the bandage tightly, but not too tight, at the end secure the bandage by tucking it in and tying the ends in a knot. You can also use a safety pin, sticky tape, or a special retainer.
Once the bandage has been applied, ask the person if it is too tight and test the circulation by pressing on the nail or skin until the area turns pale. If the color does not return immediately, the bandage is probably too tight and needs to be loosened. The limbs may swell after an injury, so check circulation every 10 minutes after bandaging.

There are three main types of dressings: circular, longuet and kerchief

Circular bandages

There are three types of bandages for a circular bandage:

rare weave fabric (gauze bandage)- provides ventilation of the wound, but does not put pressure on the wound and does not support the joints;
elastic bandage conforms to the shape of the body and is used to fix dressings and support soft tissue injuries, such as sprains;
rubber bandage used for reliable support of damaged joints.

How to apply a circular bandage:

hold the folded part of the bandage over the damaged area, unfolded - below it;
wrap the damaged area twice to keep the end of the bandage in place;
continue wrapping the limb, applying a bandage in a spiral, so that each new layer covers the previous layer by one to two thirds;
at the end, apply another layer of bandage and secure the ends.

When applying a bandage to the elbows and knees (for fixing the bandage or for sprains), bend the joint slightly, apply a figure-eight bandage and wrap most of the limb on both sides of the joint.

When applying a bandage to the hand (for fixing a bandage or for sprains), start at the back of the wrist and apply the bandage diagonally across the back of the hand to the end of the little finger, without covering the thumb.

Longuets

Splints are used to fix bandages on fingers and toes or to support injured joints. They are made in the form of a fabric tube without seams. They are also elastic for use on joints such as the ankle. Longuets, made of gauze in the form of a tube, are applied to the fingers and toes, but they do not apply pressure and do not stop the bleeding.

Before applying the splint, you may need to cut it to size. Some splints come with a special device (applicator), which is installed on the damaged area and helps to apply a bandage.

kerchief bandages

Bandages can be used to bandage large areas of the body, to support limbs, or to secure a bandage.

If you are using a kerchief to support your arm, keep it wide.

have the person hold their arms to their chest and support the injured arm while you apply the bandage;
stretch the bandage under the arm and behind the neck;
stretch the other half of the bandage over the arm so that both ends meet at the shoulder, and tie them in a knot;
tuck the tails of the knot under the elbow or pin them with a pin.

If you are using a gusset to support a leg or to bandage a large area of your body, fold it in half lengthwise so that the end of the triangle reaches the middle of the long corner. Then fold it in half again in the same direction to make a wide strip.

In autumn, when it is cool and humid, the flu begins to rage, from which children and adults suffer.

To avoid infection with a dangerous virus with all its complications, you need to protect yourself by any possible means.

A cotton-gauze bandage is the simplest and most affordable means of protecting the respiratory tract from various bacteria and infections. It is also necessary when someone in the family is already sick and you do not want the rest of the family to become infected.

Disease protection transmitted by airborne droplets (flu, diphtheria, whooping cough).
During surgical operations.
High levels of dust, smoke, smog in the air. The gauze product should be moistened with water.
In case of fire will help protect against toxic products of combustion and smoke for a while.
With a bacteriological attack when poisonous gases are being sprayed.
In case of an accident at a nuclear power plant the means of protection will be able to filter the radioactive dust.
Air pollution vapors of ammonia or chlorine.

The product can be worn for 3-4 hours, after which it is disposed of. If the bandage was used to protect against ammonia or chlorine, then it must be burned.

material requirements

Cotton wool must be from natural 100% cotton, without impurities of synthetics and chlorine for bleaching. It should not contain short fibers that, when inhaled, can enter the lungs.

Before use, shake it several times in front of a light source. If fine dust remains in the air, then it is better not to use cotton wool..

The gauze must be thick enough to provide effective protection. GOST bandages are considered the highest quality.

Synthetic material is a poor protection, causing an allergic reaction, irritation and breathing difficulties. High quality protective agent it is better to sew from sterile materials.

The finished product can have from 4 to 8 layers. The standard size of cotton-gauze bandages is 15 cm in height and 90 cm in length, of which 30-35 cm are spent on ties on both sides. The product sizes are the same for adults and children.

A do-it-yourself cotton-gauze bandage looks like in the photo:

Step by step instructions for making

In the midst of an epidemic in pharmacies, a rush usually begins with protective masks, so it is best to sew them yourself. Moreover, it will not take you much time and effort. A disposable factory mask purchased at a pharmacy is valid for a short period of time and cannot be reused.

A preventive product made of cotton wool and gauze can be washed and used several more times.

Now let's figure out how to make a cotton-gauze bandage. For this you will need:

cotton wool;
pharmaceutical bandage or gauze;
ruler;
scissors;
needle and thread.

Respirators were designed specifically for respiratory protection when working in a hazardous environment. What exist, we will tell in the next review.

What are the personal protective equipment for the skin, read this.

The use of medical protective equipment in combination with the protection of the skin and respiratory organs is the best way to save and protect a person from infection in emergency situations. Detailed information .

Now let's take a closer look at how to make a cotton-gauze bandage from a bandage.

Option number 1

You will need:

2 bandages 14 cm wide and 7 m long;
packaging of hygienic medical cotton wool (100 grams).

On the edge of the bandage length 60 cm put cotton wool size 14x14 cm by wrapping it in a bandage 3 times. The second bandage must be cut lengthwise into two parts. Each half is twisted for ties, they are threaded up and down, the bandages are sewn up. The output is 12-14 dressings.

How to make (sew) a cotton-gauze bandage with your own hands, see the training video:

Option number 2

Take two long strips of bandage 70-90 cm and fold them 3 times.
Sew them along the entire length. You can baste by hand or sew on a typewriter.
Take 4 identical pieces of gauze 17x17 cm. Between 2 layers, place a cotton square and cover with the remaining 2 layers of gauze. Sew along the edges with a basting stitch.
Turn the edges inward by 1 cm and stitch carefully.
Sew long ties along the finished mask so that one is on top and the other on the bottom. They must be the same length.

Option number 3

In the middle of the cut gauze 100x50cm put a layer of cotton 20x30cm. Bend on both sides, cut long ties without cotton wool into two parts 30-35 cm from the edge. They will serve as ties.

One of the options for making a cotton-gauze bandage with your own hands is shown in the diagram:

How to wear

In order for a gauze product to serve as a prevention of viral diseases, you need to know how to put it on and wear it correctly. When used correctly, this affordable remedy can reliably protect against germs.

Common Mistakes

A common mistake is to wear a bandage for a long time and wear it again.. For a healthy person, such a mask can be harmful if it is not removed for more than two hours.

Influenza viruses are so tiny that they easily pass through the microscopic gaps of the dressing and a person breathes these microbes. The moisture that is formed from breathing keeps them alive inside.

It is the sick person who should wear such a bandage.. With us, everything happens the other way around - we ourselves must protect ourselves from bacilli spread by patients in crowded places. Don't be shy about wearing a mask in public.

If a cotton-gauze bandage helps you out during an epidemic, then it doesn’t matter at all whether it was bought at a pharmacy or made by yourself. Timely taken protective measures for prevention are much more effective than subsequent long-term treatment.