Presentation on technology for the lesson "Thin sheet metal and wire. Artificial materials" (grade 5)
Presentation on technology on the topic "Thin sheet metal and wire" Grade 5. The purpose of the lesson: to study the types of thin sheet metal and wire.
™ Acquaintance with the concepts of “thin sheet metal” and “wire”, “metal properties”, part development; with the process of obtaining and using thin sheet metal and wire.
™Development: cognitive interest, research skills, communication skills: listening skills, tolerance.
™Cultivate independence, responsibility, purposefulness.
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Sheet metal and wire Grade 5 Developed by: teacher of technology and fine arts Lagushina T.A.
Introduce the concepts of “thin sheet metal” and “wire”, “metal properties”, detail development; with the process of obtaining and using thin sheet metal and wire. Development: cognitive interest, research skills, communication skills: the ability to listen and hear, tolerance, abstract-logical thinking, the ability to analyze, generalize, the ability to perform a sweep sketch. Cultivate independence, responsibility, purposefulness, mutual assistance. Tasks: The purpose of the lesson: to study the types of thin sheet metal and wire.
Metals are natural structural materials obtained from ores of iron, copper, tin, lead, mercury, aluminum, gold, silver and many others.
Alloys Alloys are structural materials obtained by combining several components, of which at least one metal is Steel, cast iron, bronze, brass, duralumin and many others.
Properties of metals and alloys Metals and alloys have: color and luster, melting point, density, heat and electrical conductivity
Types of metals and alloys Ferrous (rust) - iron, steel, cast iron Non-ferrous (do not rust) - copper, aluminum, tin, bronze, brass and others
Sheet metal It is obtained by rolling. This is one of the types of metal forming
rolling mill
Fizkultminutka Time - we got up, straightened up. Two - bent, bent over. Three - hands three claps. And four - under the sides. Five - wave your hands. Six - sit down again.
Types of sheet metal Foil - thickness up to 0.2 mm. Tinplate - thickness up to 0.5mm Black tinplate - rusts White plate - does not rust (tin-plated) Galvanized steel - thickness up to 0.8mm (zinc-plated)
Application of thin sheet metal
Wire Drawing - a type of metal forming
Wire rod A round profile with a diameter of more than 4 mm is obtained by rolling
Types of wire steel copper aluminum
Wire Application
Check yourself What are metals and alloys. What groups they are divided into What properties metals and alloys differ How thin sheet metal is obtained Where different types of thin sheet metal are used Why is the wire called so What do their wires do
Did you like the lesson? Yes, I liked it. It was sad. I was very tired.
Thank you for your attention!
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
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Topic: Sheet metal and wire. artificial materials. Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary School No. 12" Compiled by: technology teacher Urazaev Irik Sagitovich This material was copied by a document camera from the textbook Technology. Industrial technologies: Grade 5: (textbook for students of educational organizations / A.T. Tishchenko, V.D. Simonenko. - M .: Ventana-Graph. 2014.- 192 pp.: ISBN 978-5-360-04687- 5) and used materials from the Internet (drawings and photographs), and provided to 5th grade students for familiarization with the topic: “Thin sheet metal and wire. Artificial materials. Nizhnevartovsk 2016
2 slide
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Sheet metal and wire. Artificial materials You are already familiar with wood processing technologies. Is it possible to make something out of metal with your own hands? Is it difficult? This you will learn from the following paragraphs. Metals are substances that have a special luster, conduct electricity and heat, are magnetized, and melt when heated. They can change shape under the action of external forces and not collapse. Metals are much stronger and harder than wood. Even in ancient times, people used metals to make weapons, utensils, jewelry, tools, as well as for cultivating the land, etc. At present, aircraft, ships, various machines, and household items are made from metals.
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Non-ferrous metals are copper, aluminum, lead, tin, zinc, etc. Metallurgical enterprises produce metal blanks in the form of sheets, strips, pipes, angles, and wires. This form of blanks facilitates the manufacture of various parts from them. Metals are divided into ferrous and non-ferrous. Ferrous metals include iron and iron-based alloys: steel and cast iron.
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Sheet metal is obtained from thicker pieces of metal, heated to a high temperature, by rolling them between rotating smooth rolls (Fig. 88). The smaller the distance between the rolls, the thinner the sheet.
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Sheets with a thickness of 0.5 ... 0.8 mm are called roofing steel. To prevent the sheets from rusting, they are coated with a thin layer of zinc (galvanized steel). If there is no coating, then the roofing steel is called black. Sheet steel with a thickness of 0.2 ... 0.5 mm is called tin. White tin is coated with a thin layer of tin, black has no coating. The hulls of ships, planes, trains and wagons, cars (tanks, barrels, canisters), washing machines, dishes and much more are made from sheet metal of various thicknesses.
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Very thin sheets of metal are called foil. For example, aluminum foil is used for packaging and storage of food products: chocolate, sweets, sausages, etc., for baking dishes in a stove oven. Extruding a picture Making figurines
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In addition to sheet metal, you will use wire blanks for the manufacture of various products. Wire with a thickness of more than 5 mm is obtained by rolling hot billets between rolls in which there are semicircular grooves (Fig. 90). The smaller the groove diameter, the thinner the wire. The wire made by rolling is called wire rod. Thin wire is obtained by pulling wire rod through dies - special parts made of hard material with drilled small holes. This method of obtaining wire is called drawing (Fig. 91). In industry, nails, screws, metal mesh, etc. are made from steel wire, while aluminum and copper wire are used to make electrical wires and rivets.
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The main types of plastics Polyethylene is used for the manufacture of films for greenhouses, bottles, etc. Organic glass is used in the automotive industry and for spectacle lenses. Fishing nets are made of kapron, threads, fabrics, etc. Getinaks (laminated material from compressed paper impregnated with resin) is used, for example, for the interior lining of passenger cars. Styrofoam (a light material in the form of frozen foam) is used to make decorative elements for ceilings in rooms, use it as insulation, packaging, etc. Artificial materials are materials consisting of complex substances obtained in the chemical industry. These materials include plastics (plastics). When heated, plastics soften, which allows them to be made into products of various shapes. polyfoam textolite Products from textolite fluoroplastic Products from fluoroplast
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Sheet metal and wire
Metals are widely used in the national economy. They are durable, conduct heat and electric current well, and have a special metallic sheen. Machine tools, machines, various building structures, many household products are made from metals.
Usually in industry, metals are used not in their pure form, but in the form alloys. The most important metal alloys are steel and cast iron (alloys of iron with carbon), bronze (copper-tin alloy), brass (copper-zinc alloy), duralumin (aluminum alloy with copper, manganese, magnesium and etc.).
Metal alloys are produced in the form of sheets, angles, bars of various sections, wire, etc. In the school workshop, they work mainly with sheet metal and wire. Get this metal rolling ingot on special machines - rolling mills (see figure on the right).
In the figure, the numbers indicate: 1
- preparation; 2
- rolls; 3
- videos.
Hot metal is passed between rotating rolls, they compress the ingot and give it the shape of a sheet. Sheets are rolled up.
Sheet steel there are several types: tin
- sheet thickness 0.2-0.5 mm, roofing steel
- 0.5-0.8 mm, etc.
Distinguish black and white tin
.
black tin named because the surface color of the sheet after rolling is black.
Tinplate
covered with a thin layer of tin. This protects it from corrosion (rust). Roofing steel is black or covered with a thin layer zinc (galvanized steel) or oil paint.
Sheet steel is used to make cases of instruments, machines, drainpipes, dishes, cans, etc. Work related to the processing of sheet metal is performed by tinsmiths. They must know the properties of metals and alloys, the design of various machine tools and devices, and have the skills to work with various tools.
wire more than 5 mm thick ( wire rod) is obtained by rolling hot metal on special mills. Thinner wire is made on drawing mills. There, the wire rod is sequentially pulled through holes of various diameters. A diagram of this process is shown in the figure on the left.
They produce steel, copper and aluminum wire. Nails, screws, screws, rivets, springs and other products are made from steel wire. Copper and aluminum wire is mainly used for making electrical wires.
Every third ton of steel is produced from scrap metal. It costs 25 times less than the smelting of steel from pig iron.
Livenskaya avg. general school class 5
Teacher Avtonomov A.I.
Program theme: “Technology of metal processing. Elements of mechanical engineering.
Lesson topic: “Thin sheet metal and wire. Locksmith's workbench.
Lesson Objectives:
educational - to form students' understanding of the technology of processing metals, thin sheet metal and wire and with a bench workbench.
Educational- foster a responsible attitude to work; inculcate the quality of accuracy.
Educational- to continue the development of self-control skills in the performance of technological operations.
Lesson Methods : conversation, explanation, demonstration, story, show, independent work under the supervision of a teacher.
Objects of labor: Box on spikes.
Intersubject communications : Russian language - spelling and pronunciation of words; mathematics - geometric bodies and figures (markup).
Material and technical equipment :
Equipment for training workshops;
Tools and fixtures.
During the classes.
1. Organizational beginning.
1.1. Mutual greeting.
1.2. Acquaintance.
1.3 . Appointment of attendants and mark absent.
2. Presentation of new material.
2.1. Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
Today we will begin to get acquainted with the “Technology of metal processing. Elements of mechanical engineering”, namely with “Thin sheet metal and wire. Locksmith's workbench. Write the topic down in your notebook.
We will practically begin to carry out a shovel of thin sheet metal.
2.2. General information about sheet metal and wire, and metal alloys.
Metals are widely used in the national economy, generally play a huge role in human life. Various machines, building structures, household items, etc. are made from them. They have some physical properties that wood does not have: electrical conductivity, magnetization, thermal expansion, melting point. The mechanical properties of metals, such as strength and hardness, are much higher than those of wood, and also have plasticity - the ability to change shape under the influence of external forces without collapsing.
Usually, metals are used in industry not in their pure form, but alloys. The most common and important alloys are steel and cast iron (alloys of iron and carbon), duralumin (aluminum with copper, magnesium, etc.), bronze (copper with lead, tin, etc.), brass (copper with zinc). Billets from them are produced at enterprises in the form of sheets, rods, wire, angles, etc., which greatly facilitates the manufacture of various products from them.
Sheet metal is obtained by rolling heated ingots on rolling machines, where the billet, falling between the rolls, is compressed and takes the form of a sheet. By adjusting the gap between the rolls, you can get a sheet of the desired thickness. Sheet steel is divided into thick<2 мм. и тонколистовую >2 mm. Also thin sheet is divided into: roofing steel (thickness 0.5 - 0.8) and tin (thickness 0.2 - 0.5). Roofing steel is black or coated with a layer of zinc - galvanized steel.
Tin is black and white. White is sheet steel coated on both sides with a layer of tin. It has a smooth, shiny, stainless surface. Sheet metal is used to make machine and instrument cases, dishes, tin cans, etc. Very thin sheet metal is called foil. Copper foil is widely used in radio engineering, and aluminum foil is used for packaging chocolate, sweets, tea, etc.
In factories, rolling mills for sheet metal production are serviced by rollers. They must have a good knowledge of the properties of metals at various temperatures, understand the design of rolling equipment. Tinsmiths are engaged in the manufacture of products from thin sheet metal at enterprises. They must know the properties of metals and alloys, the design of various machines and devices for processing and be able to work on them using various tools.
2.3. General information about the wire.
In addition to sheet material, wire is widely used in industry, which is distinguished by a large long and insignificant thickness. Copper and aluminum wire are used to make electrical wires and rivets. Nails, screws, screws, rivets are made from soft steel wire, and springs, strings, etc. are made from hard steel wire. Wire with a thickness of more than 5 mm. obtained by rolling heated billets between grooved rolls. Such a wire is called a wire rod. A thinner wire is obtained by drawing - we stretch wire rods through dies - parts with a hole made of very hard materials and even diamonds. Drawing mills are serviced by wire drawers, who must be well versed in the behavior of metals and alloys during drawing, know the design of drawing equipment and fixtures.
2.4. General information about the locksmith's workbench.
In order to build a model of an airplane, a car, a ship, or to make a product useful in everyday life, you must learn how to manually process metals. Such processing is called locksmithing. More than 400 years ago, the main products of the metalworking industry were locks (in German "schloss") for doors, gates, chests, etc.. an employee of such a workshop was called a "schlosser"; from this word came the Russian word "locksmith" - a specialist in manual metal processing.
You can quickly and efficiently make something out of metal only by learning how to properly use locksmith equipment and tools. The locksmith's workbench is the main part of the workplace for manual metalworking in training workshops. Locksmith workbenches come in different designs, but they all have a base and a lid on which locksmith vise and other fixtures are fixed.
To make it comfortable for you to work, the height of the workbench should correspond to your height. If the elbow of the arm, bent at an angle of 90 °, touches the upper part of the vise, then the height of the workbench is selected correctly, fig. 54. Locksmith vise serves to secure workpieces before processing. When the handle is rotated clockwise, the movable jaw will move closer to the fixed jaw, squeezing the workpiece placed between them. (I show everything on a vice and a workbench).
3. Consolidation of the material covered.
I explained a new topic to you: “Thin sheet metal and wire. Locksmith workbench, let's see how much you learned it.
3.1. front poll.
Question 1.What are the main properties of metals and alloys?
Answer 1.They have physical properties that wood does not have: electrical conductivity, magnetization, thermal expansion, melting point. Mechanical properties, such as strength and hardness, as well as ductility - the ability to change shape under the influence of external forces without collapsing.
Question 2.Where is foil used?
Answer 2.Copper foil is widely used in radio engineering, and aluminum foil is used for packaging chocolate, sweets, tea, etc.
Question 3.What are the professions of workers manufacturing thin sheet metal and wire?
Answer 3.Drawing mills are operated by wire drawers, rolling mills for producing sheet metal are operated by rollers, sheet metal products are manufactured at enterprises by tinsmiths.
Question 4. What is the difference between black tin and white tin?
Answer 4.White is sheet steel coated on both sides with a layer of tin, it has a smooth, shiny, stainless surface, and black does not have a tin coating.
Question 5. What are the main parts of a locksmith's workbench?
Answer 5.The base and cover, on which a metalwork vice, a protective screen and other devices are fixed.
4.2 . Analysis of assimilation.
You have mastered the material well, but some questions are difficult to answer.
5. Introductory briefing.
5.1. Demonstration of a reference product and analysis of technological operations.
5.2. Demonstration of labor operations for bending sheet metal.
5.3. Safety precautions when processing the product.
6. Practical part. current instruction. Target rounds.
6.1. The first round is to check the organization of workplaces and compliance with safe working methods. Everyone should have dressing gowns, the right tools and their own products of labor.
6.2 . The second bypass is to check the correctness of the implementation of labor methods and the technological sequence.
6.3. The third round is to check the correctness of the sizes and the control of the students. Carry out acceptance of work.
7. Final briefing.
7.1 . Analysis of characteristic errors and their causes.
7.2. Communication of grades students received for the lesson.
7.3. Homework.
§ 18-19.
7.4. Workplace cleaning.
The attendants clean the workshops, and the rest of their jobs.
Metals play a huge role in human life. Various machines, building structures, household items are made from them.
Metals have some physical properties that wood does not have: electrical conductivity, magnetization, thermal expansion, melting point. The mechanical properties of metals, such as strength and hardness, are significantly higher than those of wood. Unlike wood, metals have plasticity - the ability to change shape under the influence of external forces without breaking.
Often metals are used for the manufacture of products not in their pure form, but in the form alloys. The most common alloys: steel and cast iron (iron-carbon alloys), duralumin (aluminum alloy with copper, magnesium, etc.), bronze (copper alloy with lead, tin, etc.), brass (copper-zinc alloy).
Blanks from metals and alloys are produced at enterprisesas sheets, rods, pipes, wire, which greatly facilitates frompreparation of various products from them.
sheet metal receiverolling heated ingots on rolling mills (Fig. 56), where the workpiece, falling betweenrolls,shrinks and takes the form of a leaf. By adjusting the gap between the rolls, you can get a sheet of the desired thickness.
Sheet steel is divided into thick sheet(thicker than 2 mm) and thin olivine (thinner than 2 mm).
In turn, thin sheet steel is of several types:roofing steel (thickness from 0.5 to 0.8 mm),tin (thickness from 0.2 to 0.5 mm).
Roofing steel that does not have a coating is called black. To prevent the surface of the sheets from rusting, it is coated with a thin layer of zinc (galvanized steel).
Tin is black and white. Tinplate is sheet steel coated on both sides with a thin layer of tin. Such tin has a smooth, shiny, stainless surface.
Sheet metal is used to make machine and instrument cases, dishes, tin cans.
Very thin sheet metal is called foil . Copper foil is widely used in radio engineering, and aluminum foil is used for packaging chocolate, sweets, tea, etc.
In factories, rolling mills for sheet metal production serverollers . They must have a good knowledge of the properties of metals at various temperatures, understand the design of rolling equipment.
The production of thin-sheet metal products at enterprises is carried out tinsmiths . They must be familiar with the structure of various machines and fixtures for sheet metal processing and be able to work on them using various tools.
In addition to sheet metal, the industry is also widely used wire , which is characterized by a large length and a slight thickness. Copper and aluminum wire is used to make electrical wires and rivets. Nails, screws, screws, rivets are made from soft steel wire, and springs, strings and other products are made from hard steel wire.
A wire with a thickness of more than 5 mm is obtained by rolling heated billets between rolls with grooves (Fig. 58,a).This wire is called wire rod . Get thinner wire drawing - pulling wire rod through spinnerets - parts with a hole made of very hard materials and even diamonds (Fig. 58, b).
Drawing mills servedrawers,who should be well versed in the behavior of metals and alloys during drawing, know the design of drawing equipment and fixtures.