Ecology school project that everyone can do. Sample topics for environmental projects

Environmental education and upbringing is an extremely pressing problem of our time. After all, a careless and even cruel attitude towards nature always begins with a lack of environmental education and upbringing. The educational, research and creative projects presented in this section are designed to fill these gaps, teach children to love and understand nature, and form the foundations of an ecological culture in children.

The topics of the projects are varied: from studying bright representatives of flora and fauna to independently growing plants and systematically monitoring their growth. We cultivate in children good feelings, curiosity, and aesthetic perception associated with the beauty of nature; the ability to realize one’s impressions in work.

Environmental projects are an integrated approach to educating ecologically cultured people.

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Project on environmental education “The Earth is Our Common Home” for children of middle and high preschool age with special needs development DEVELOPED: teacher – Makarova I.V., teacher-speech therapist – Smirnova S.N. RELEVANCE PROJECT : Currently, the destructive impact of human activity on nature has acquired truly catastrophic proportions. The reason is human activity in nature. Often...

Social and environmental project for children of the senior group “Paths of Kindness” Social environmental project for older children (5–6 years) "Paths of Kindness" https ://kuznecova-hh-egords6.edumsko.ru/folders/post/1819437 Take care of the earth! Take care of the earth. Take care of the lark in the blue zenith, the butterfly on the leaves of the dodder, the sun's glare on the paths. On the...

Ecology projects - Ecological project “That’s what it is, white birch”

Publication “Ecological project “Here she is, white...” Introduction. Relevance of the problem. Raising an environmentally literate person is one of the pressing problems of our time. If we don’t teach children to love and take care of nature, what can our city, our country, our planet turn into? Understanding the value of plants (in this case...

Image library "MAAM-pictures"

Ecology project “Save Nature” for older children PROJECT “Let's save nature” “If every person on his piece of land did everything he could, how beautiful our Earth would be” A.P. Chekhov The relevance of the chosen topic is undeniable: environmental literacy today is a necessary condition for preserving the environment and...

Abstract of educational activities for experimental activities in the middle group “Take care of the earth” (within the framework of an environmental project) Goal: Creating conditions for experimental activities of children; development of cognitive activity of children. Objectives: Educational: 1. Introduce children to...

Ecology project “Everyone needs an invisible person” Educator: Polyakova L.A. Project type: information and research. Duration: 6 months, November-April. Project participants: Teachers, parents, children of the preparatory group (age 5-6 years. Educational area: Cognition....

Ecology projects - Ecological mini-project in the middle group “Vegetable garden on the site”

Nature is the best of books, written in a special language, this language must be studied. (N.G. Garin-Mikhailovsky) By observing the phenomena and objects of nature, the child enriches his sensory experience, on which his further creativity is based. The deeper a child learns...

Environmental project “Clean air for the atmosphere”

slide 1
Teacher-methodologist Tkachenko T.V.
Goals:
- Environmental education;
- Involving students in environmental activities;
- Formation of an active personality.

Tasks:
- Familiarize yourself with the sources of air pollution;
- Study the impact of pollutants on human health;
- Consider methods of combating air pollution;
- Make a feasible contribution to the fight for clean air.

Preface
The modern environmental crisis can be characterized by numerous quantitative indicators. It is known that over the last century the population has more than quadrupled and exceeded 7 billion people. But, in comparison with population growth, humanity’s consumption of natural resources is growing at an even more rapid pace: in 2005, consumption of materials increased 10 times compared to 1900, and energy consumption 15 times. Such high rates of use of natural resources have led to the fact that humans exploit more than 55% of land and about 13% of river waters, and the rate of deforestation reaches 18 million hectares per year. As a result of territory development, mining, desertification, and soil salinization, humanity annually loses more than 50 thousand square meters. km of land suitable for agricultural use, which further increases the problem of providing food for a growing population. Examples of the negative impact of human economic activity on the environment can be continued.
Overcoming the environmental crisis is associated primarily with the spiritual improvement of society, with the transition to new principles of relationships between man and nature, to a new system of human values ​​and intelligent limitation of human needs to a reasonable level. Society is interested in developing an ecological worldview among all its members, which is based on the awareness of the need to preserve the optimal natural environment for life, that is, the biosphere.
The possibility of human survival depends on how it restores the natural environment across most of the planet. The most important task of humanity is not only to reduce environmental pollution, but also to preserve the natural biota of the planet, both on land and within the World Ocean, to preserve and recreate biological diversity. In the third millennium, the new philosophy of human life should be the understanding that he is part of a single human family, a planetary brotherhood, with a high ecological culture, which is based on knowledge and observance of the laws of development of the biosphere. We must realize that civilization arose in the biosphere, is part of it and cannot exist in isolation. Ecological culture involves understanding the laws of development and stability of the biosphere, knowledge of the laws and principles of biotic regulation of the environment, maintaining the stability of the natural environment by natural biological groups of the biosphere.
This philosophy provides for the need to solve such global problems as preserving the survivors and restoring numerous deformed ecosystems to the level of natural productivity, rationalizing consumption, greening production, and stabilizing the population. The main factor that should help in solving the noted problems should be a conscious person with developed environmental thinking.
In order to preserve the biosphere for future generations, an ecological person must correct the age-old mistake of communicating with nature, which was based on a consumer attitude and the desire to conquer it. To implement an ecological approach to the development of relationships between society and nature, it is necessary to prepare specially trained and environmentally educated professionals in various spheres of human activity, creating a holistic system of environmental education aimed at organizing the process of acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of ecology. This is especially true for Ukraine with its threatening state of the environment.

Introduction
One of the important tasks of education is to cultivate environmental awareness among students, prepare them to solve real-life problems, develop a sense of responsibility, social activity, independence, as well as acquire deep, comprehensive knowledge. To prepare environmentally competent specialists and to cultivate active citizenship among young people, studying theory is not enough. An important part of study and education is to involve students in solving those problems that are relevant to our city.
For example, this could be participation in an environmental project. Participation in itself is development. The goal of development is to be free and able to make choices and decisions, to be a competent, responsible person, to be able to self-determinate and self-realize, and to make informed conclusions about the state of the environment. The awareness that big things begin with small actions (a planted tree) contributes not only to specific actions, but also to the acquisition of positive experience of social participation.
Involving students in active work should be the first step for them to realize that even a small social group of conscious citizens can make a real contribution to solving important world problems, change the state of our planet for the better, starting from their small homeland, their hometown.
Taking as a basis the need to implement the above statements, I decided to start working on the environmental project “Clean Air in the Atmosphere”, adding to the study of theoretical material the practical activities of students aimed at in-depth study of the problems of the atmosphere and the feasible struggle for its preservation. This is how the environmental project appeared. First, second and third year students of the specialty “Applied Ecology” and second year students of the specialty “Mineral Processing” were involved in its implementation.

BASIC PROVISIONS OF THE PROJECT

Project goals:
- formation of a personality that is capable of consciously, creatively, and actively influencing the world around them;
- instilling in students initiative, independence, and self-confidence;
- assistance in the formation of an active life position;
- implementation of educational work in the field of ecology;
- involving students in practical activities to solve environmental problems of local importance.

Project objectives:
Familiarize students with:
- with sources and types of air pollution, including in Krivoy Rog;
- negative phenomena and processes that occur in the atmosphere due to its pollution;
- the impact of pollutants on the environment and human health;
- measures to protect air from pollution;
- Law of Ukraine on the protection of atmospheric air.

Teach students:
- independently study the material with the help of textbooks, additional literature, media, electronic manuals and video materials;
- explore environmental problems and determine your attitude towards them;
- work creatively, individually and in a group;
- plan your activities;
- implement your action plan in practice;
- contact with representatives of various organizations, the media, citizens;
- present the results of your own activities and evaluate them.

Implementation methods

The environmental project is based on the methodology of pedagogical cooperation and interactive teaching methods:
- search work; - research work;
- observation; - individual and group cooperation;
- brainstorm; - work with statistical materials;
- analysis of situations; - pyramid (circle) of ideas or decision tree;
- take a position; - formulation of a problem situation;
- support diagrams; - elements of training, testing;
- express questionnaire; - independent work;
- use of original songs and poetry (suggestive learning);
- use of information technology;

Organization of activities
First, second, third year students of the specialty “Applied Ecology” and second year students of the specialty “Mineral Processing” are taking part in the implementation of the project. Within the framework of the environmental project, experience in educational activities in the field of ecology is acquired. Students collaborate in pairs, groups, and complete individual assignments.
The duration of the project is from October to May inclusive. It covers the territory of the Ingulets microdistrict, Shirokoe town, village. Green. Both the actual preparation of students and their potential capabilities and individual abilities were taken into account.

Adult help
This form of student activity requires qualified and constant assistance from a teacher who acts as a supervisor and advisor. Parents, representatives of the city’s environmental service, and sanitation station employees are also involved in the project, who take part in the project as consultants and experts.

The teacher helps in :
- planning activities;
- choosing the best ways to solve the problem;
- forecasting performance results;
- acquiring experience in business communication;
- comparison of the results obtained with the planned ones;
- searching for sources of information;
- objective assessment of activities.

Other adults help with:
- collecting materials;
- processing of statistical data;
- analysis of information.

Expected results of the project:
- growth of environmental consciousness;
- active citizenship;

Knowledge of atmospheric problems that arose under the influence of anthropogenic factors, including in our city;
- knowledge of measures to combat air pollution;
- knowledge of the Air Protection Law;
- planting seedlings of Crimean pine and oak in Shirokovsky forestry;
- awareness of the need for environmental choice;
- understanding the value and uniqueness of the natural environment, attitude towards nature as a living being;
- the ability to find the right solutions to improve the environmental situation;
- ability to compare opportunities and interests;
- skills of effective communication, participation in society;
- skills in mastering the methodology of conducting business meetings;
- dissemination of environmental knowledge among city residents;
- growth of independence, initiative, development of creative thinking;
- development of creative abilities.

In the process of working on the project, students develop skills and practical abilities, namely:
- creative thinking (the ability to evaluate different sources of information from a critical angle, distinguish between true information, overcome stereotypes and prejudices, find innovative ways to solve problems);
- cooperation skills (the ability to cooperate with other participants in the process of overall completion of tasks and finding ways out of problem situations);
- long-term vision, development of imagination (the ability to imagine a more favorable state of the environment in the future and the desire to improve it);
- tolerance (skills for balanced problem solving);
- social activity (effective cooperation with city residents); - communication skills (mastery of communication culture, language ethics, vocabulary enrichment);
- understanding that one big business consists of many small ones, and each person can influence global processes.

Project motivation:
- the possibility of creative self-realization;
- awareness of one’s own need for activities aimed at protecting and preserving nature;
- a sense of responsibility for one’s civic position;
- the possibility of improving the environmental situation, the beauty of nature;
- awareness of the importance of nature protection and conservation;
- understanding the connection between human health and environmental factors;
- obtaining satisfaction from successfully achieving a goal.

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STAGES

First stage. Preparatory

Studying environmental problems and choosing a problem for a project
The purpose of this stage is identification by students of the problem for the implementation of the project and its main issues.
Through discussion, students identified the problem that is most relevant for our city, interesting and accessible for implementation - air pollution and measures aimed at combating it. The project was called “Clean Air for the Atmosphere”.
slide 2

The teacher helps students:
- understand the relevance of the selected problem;
- introduces students to the essence of design technology, explains the nature of the work, its purpose;
- motivates students to further activities through the acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary in life (to do a good job, to be a conscious citizen, to conduct educational and practical work aimed at improving the environmental situation).

The high-quality implementation of the project largely depends on the previous training and competence of students, that is, the presence of certain knowledge and skills, as well as their desire to work actively.
In order to prepare students for future activities, it is advisable to determine the range of questions for collecting information:
- negative processes in the atmosphere of the planet, their causes and manifestations;
- sources of air pollution in our city;
- main air pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health;
- measures to combat air pollution, including in our city;
- possible activities aimed at making one’s own contribution to solving problems.

Second phase. Studying the problem

The goal of the work at this stage is collection of information that characterizes the problem in many ways and proves its relevance.

To do this you need:
- identify possible sources of information;
- determine the territory of the project;
- choose methods of research and information search;
- share responsibilities regarding the collection and processing of information;
- divide into research groups;
- familiarize yourself with the rules for collecting information;
- become familiar with the technology of conducting surveys and questionnaires. slide 3

Recommendations:
- sources of information should be diverse (libraries, editorial offices of the newspapers “Pulse of the Region”, “Krasny Miner”, “Inguletskiy Vestnik”, the Green Party, the Krivoy Rog Regional Environmental Inspectorate, the environmental service of PRJSC “INGOC”, the sanitary station, the Internet, etc.);
- critical analysis and comparison of information from different sources;

Third stage. Information analysis. Selection of areas of activity

The purpose of the stage is determine a way to solve a problem, choose forms and methods of work, plan activities.

Recommendations:
A list of things that need to be done during the project is compiled.
These cases were:
1. Writing and distributing leaflets and appeals to city residents:
- an explanation of the harmfulness of burning garbage and fallen leaves for the state of the atmosphere;
- drawing attention to the problem of cutting down coniferous trees for the New Year holidays;
- promotion of smoking cessation;
- a call to make efforts to green the city;
- appeal to drivers to adjust car engines in accordance with environmental requirements.
2. Exhibition of artificial Christmas trees.
3. Writing letters of environmental content to the editorial office of the newspapers “Pulse of the Region”, “Krasny Gornyak”, “Inguletskiy Vestnik” and the college newspaper “Gornyachok” for the purpose of their publication.
4. Social survey of the population in order to identify the level of their environmental literacy;
5. Counting the number of students who smoke, determining the extent of the harm they cause to the atmosphere and health, communicating information to college students (wall newspaper "Molniya").
6. Establishing contact with representatives of the Green Party, the Krivoy Rog Regional Environmental Inspectorate, the environmental department of PJSC “INGOC”, and the station’s health department in order to obtain information and invite them to participate in the project.
7. Search for people interested in improving the environmental situation and inviting them to participate in the project.
8. Establishing contact with Shirokovsky forestry and offering assistance during forest planting (in spring).
9. Taking part in landscaping the city and college (in spring).
10. Familiarization with the law of Ukraine on the protection of atmospheric air.
11. Publishing a wall newspaper on the topic of the project for the purpose of using it during ecology week.
12. Creation of a wall newspaper “Ecological Leisure” on the topic of the project.
13. Study, analysis and preparation of theoretical material for conducting open classes and conferences.
14. Creating presentations.
15. Conducting an open lesson “Problems of the atmosphere and ways to solve them.”
16. Conducting a conference on the topic “Problems of the atmosphere of Krivbass”.
17. Speeches to students of schools 114, 127 and college students based on project materials in order to increase their environmental awareness.

Fourth stage. Our actions. Solution

Purpose of the stage: the stage involves the implementation of the chosen course of action
method of organizing relevant events:
slide 4
- writing and distributing postcards and messages to city residents on the topic of the project;
- writing letters to the editors of the newspapers “Puls of the Region”, “Krasny Gornyak”, “Inguletskiy Vestnik”, the college newspaper “Gornyachok”;
- surveying residents of Ingulets in order to identify the level of environmental literacy of the population, analysis of questionnaires;
- counting the number of students who smoke, determining the extent of the harm they cause to the atmosphere and their own health, communicating information to college students;
- establishing contact with representatives of the Green Party, the Krivoy Rog Regional Environmental Inspectorate, the environmental department of PJSC "INGOC", the station's sanatorium, in order to obtain information and invite them to
participation in a conference dedicated to the issue of the ecological state of the city;
- familiarization with the law of Ukraine on the protection of atmospheric air;
- creation of a wall newspaper “Ecological Leisure” on the topic of the project;
- creating presentations and an electronic version of the newspaper for the purpose of posting them on the Internet on the college website.

Students distributed appeals and environmental leaflets to city residents, posted leaflets, and conducted surveys.

Fifth stage. Project presentation

Purpose of the stage: - processing and registration of project results:
- presentation of the results of the work performed during summing up;
- use of collected materials during the conference.

At this stage, the research is presented to a wide audience, except for those activities that should be carried out later (work in forestry, speeches to schoolchildren and students).
a) an open lesson “Atmospheric problems and their solutions” is held.

During an open lesson, students:
- speak, introducing the audience to the results of the study of the problem (theoretical material);
- conduct training and testing;
- show presentations, create wall and electronic versions of the newspaper;
- perform original songs and poems written on the topic of the project;
- collect a folder with materials for the work performed;
- material from the newspaper “Ecological Leisure” is used to reserve time.

B) a regional conference is being held on the topic “Environmental problems of our city”, to which students of educational institutions of the I and II levels of accreditation of the Southern region, employees of the Krivoy Rog regional environmental inspection and the environmental department of the Ingulets Mining and Processing Plant are invited to participate. At the conference, students make a report on the state of atmospheric air in our city and talk about activities aimed at combating air pollution.

Sixth stage. Practical

Participation in planting new forest areas in the Shirokovsky forestry and landscaping the territory of the college and city

Purpose of the stage: take direct personal part in greening the city and renewing the forest area.

This stage of the project was carried out in the spring by agreement with representatives of the Shirokovsky forestry and the landscaping workshop of PJSC "INGOC".

Seventh stage. Summarizing

slide 10
Project performance assessment

Purpose of the stage:
- research of public opinion on the relevance and feasibility of the project;
- evaluation of results, taking into account initial goals;
- generalization of the experience gained, identification of positive achievements and shortcomings;
- discussion, during which students had to evaluate the project activity as a whole and each person’s personal contribution to the common cause;
- reflection: impression of participation in the project.

Achievements Information
- planting seedlings in the Shirokovsky forestry; slide 11
- carrying out the campaigns “Save the Christmas tree”, “Don’t burn the leaves”, “Appeal to drivers”, “Environmental habits”; slides 5, 6, 7
- landscaping of the college grounds;
- conference on the ecological state of our city;
- establishing connections with employees of the Krivoy Rog State Environmental Inspectorate and the environmental department of PJSC “INGOC”;
- familiarization with the law “On the protection of atmospheric air”;
- publication of wall newspapers with environmental content;
- creation of presentations;
- writing poems and anthem for environmentalists;
- survey of the inhabitants of Ingulets; slides 8, 9
- promotion of healthy lifestyles.

ANTHEM OF THE ECOLOGIST words and music Tkachenko T.V.
For our vulnerable planet,

Our planet is alone in space,
We still don’t know the second one,
And the blue of the sky and the depth of the sea,
Beautiful - we all understand that.
The expanse of forests and the rustle of steppe grasses,
And bird aerobatics are incredibly difficult,
We love them, only every year
Less and less – isn’t that alarming?
Chorus:
Beautiful mountains, rivers and fields,
The planet lovingly created them,
But the Earth is mortally wounded,
Stop, it’s not enough for you!
The sunset melts over Fukushima,
And the polar ice is silently melting,
The bell of Chernobyl rings the alarm,
Look closely - nature is dying!

Chorus: The ecologist is responsible for the whole world,
For our vulnerable planet,
And the alarmed ether hears a cry:
- Oh, humanity, where are you, where are you, where are you?
Sources
1. Kobernik O. Projective pedagogy and national school. ABOUT.
Kobernik. The path of education. ‒ 2000. ‒ No. 1. ‒ P.7-9.
2. Kuritsina V. N. Project method: yesterday, today, tomorrow.
Educational technology as a system that integrates theory,
practice and art. Voronezh: VSPU, 2000. P.59-63.
3. Lyceum of International Gazette. Collection 41. Project method,
traditions, perspectives. Kyiv, 2003.
4. Master class. "Organization of project activities." Moscow, "VAKO",
2007.
5. Educational technologies: educational method. Benefit. [Infantry O.M.,
Kiktenko A.Z., Lyubarskaya A.M. et al.]; for editor O.M. Infantry. IS:
Publishing house A.S.K., 2003.
6. Osmolovsky A. From a scientific project to social self-realization
personality. A. Osmolovsky, L. Vasilenko. The path of education. – 2000. ‒ No. 2.
P.34-37.
7. Projects. “Open Lesson” No. 4.5, 2008.
8. Savchenko L. A. Project activity in the practice of higher pedagogical school.
9. What is a project? / E. Polat, I. Petrova, M. Buharkina, M. Moiseeva.

Presentation on the topic: Environmental project “Clean air for the atmosphere”

Relevance of the topic: Planet Earth is our common home, every person living in it must treat it with care and respect, preserving all its values ​​and wealth.
Description of material: I bring to your attention a final lesson that completes the cycle of environmental conversations. In this lesson, children were given a choice: testing or an environmental project. It was proposed to work on an environmental project in groups, and the project topics were chosen by the children independently from the proposed options. Tests can be taken both on paper and online. The material was developed for students in grades 5-7, and can also be useful for teachers, parents and educators.
Recommendations: The conversation is accompanied by a presentation (multimedia support), which allows you to more fully understand the degree of danger from the pollution of our Home-Earth and the pollution of water bodies. Environmental projects are defended in class and assessed by the children according to the proposed assessment table.
Target: To consolidate and test children's knowledge about the types of environmental problems and ways to solve them.
To arouse the desire of schoolchildren to protect nature, to give instructions to carry out some activities to protect nature.
Tasks:
- develop and protect an environmental project
- answer test questions. Description: children are asked to answer 4 tests on paper or online.

Test No. 1. Topic: “Ecology. The first global problem"

1.Ecology is:
A) The science of human influence on the environment;
B) Science that studies the structure, functions and development of living organisms in an ecosystem;
C) The science of the influence of the environment on humans;
D) Science of rational use of natural resources;
D) The science that studies living organisms in nature.
Give one correct answer.
2.The word “ecology” comes from:
A) Greek words b) German words
C) English words d) Portuguese words
Write down your answer options ov.
3. What does the word “ecology” mean?
4. What is the difference between modern packaging and what was used 10-15 years ago?
5. Name the causes of garbage.
6. What does the word “inert” mean?
7. What is the amount of garbage per inhabitant of the planet per year.(average)
8. How is garbage classified according to the degree of danger to the environment? Which class is the most dangerous?
9. Name the main conventional categories into which garbage is divided.
10. What are the ways of waste disposal?
11. What are the pros and cons of one disposal method?(any of your choice).
12. Which way is the most rational? Why?
13. What is special waste? How are they destroyed?
14. What are the periods of natural decomposition of garbage?
15. Recycling options.

Test No. 2. Topic: “Ecology. The second global problem"

Give several correct answers.
1.What about the main environmental problems:
A) Atmospheric pollution;
B) Pollution of the World Ocean;
B) Soil pollution;
D) Extermination of flora and fauna;
D) Melting of ice.
E) Creation of the “red book”
Give one correct answer.
2.River pollution leads to:
A) Death of eggs
B) Death of frogs, crayfish
B) Death of algae
D) Death of all living things
Write down your answer.
3. What classes of water quality are river pollution divided into?
4. Water pollution is caused by (what)?
5. Where do pesticides in water come from?
6. Give an example of “heavy metals”
7. Where are the 10 dirtiest rivers?
8. What does thermal water pollution lead to?
9. Causes of electromagnetic water pollution.
10.What do you know about radioactive radiation?
11. Write what we can do to conserve the Earth’s water resources.
12. Give an example of the consequences of water pollution with oil and petroleum products.

Test No. 3. Topic: “Ecology. The third global problem"

Give several correct answers.
1.Air pollution is:
a. this is the introduction into the atmospheric air of substances foreign to its composition
b. change in the ratio of gases in the air
c.physical, chemical, biological substances
g.dirty air
2. Diseases caused by high levels of harmful substances in the air we breathe:
a.headache
b.nausea
c.skin irritation
g.asthma
d.tumor
e. joint sprain
Give your answer.
3.What types of air pollution do you know?
4.Name the sources of natural air pollution.
Give one correct answer.
5.Causes of dust storms:
A. drought
b. deforestation
river flood
d. gravity of the moon
Give your answer.
6. Name artificial sources of air pollution.
Give one correct answer.
7. What gas is released into the atmosphere during fuel combustion?
a. carbon monoxide (CO2)
b.oxygen (O2)
c.nitrogen (N2)
g.nitric acid (HNO3)
Give your answer.
8. What is Smog. What is its harm for the residents of the metropolis?
9. What causes the depletion of the ozone layer?
10. What does radioactive contamination lead to?
11. Why is the greenhouse effect dangerous?
Give one correct answer.
12. How many days can a person live without water?
a.7
b.1
v.30
g.5
13.Ways to preserve the atmosphere.(At least 5)

Test No. 4. Topic: “Ecology. Result"

Final test.
Give one correct answer.
1. Environmental pollution means:
a.introducing into the environment new, uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological components
b. introducing into the environment new, uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological components, as well as exceeding the natural level of these components
c.exceeding the natural level of natural and anthropogenic components of the environment
d.increasing anthropogenic influence on natural ecosystems
2. Air pollution in Russia is primarily caused by:
a.chemical industry
b.thermal power engineering
c.agriculture
oil production and petrochemistry
3. The most dangerous soil pollution is caused by:
a.household waste
b.agricultural waste
c. heavy metals
g.wastewater
4. The greatest pollution of land waters is caused by:
a.washing fertilizers and pesticides from fields
b.domestic and industrial wastewater
c.pollution from solid household waste
g.dumping
5. The greatest pollution of the waters of the World Ocean is caused by:
a.dumping
b.acid rain
c.agricultural waste
oil and petroleum products
6. Pollution found around industrial plants is called:
a.local
b.regional
c.global
g.sanitary protective
7. Chemical pollution does not include:
a.heavy metal pollution
b. entry of pesticides into water bodies
c. soil pollution with solid household waste
d.increase in the concentration of freons in the atmosphere
8. Environmental pollution from solid household waste can be attributed to:
a. physical pollution
b.biological pollution
c.mechanical pollution
d.physical and chemical pollution
9. Deforestation leads to:
A. increasing bird species diversity;
b. increasing the species diversity of mammals;
V. reduced evaporation;
d. violation of the oxygen regime
10.Lack of drinking water is caused primarily by:
A. greenhouse effect;
b. decrease in groundwater volume;
V. pollution of water bodies;
d. soil salinization.
11.The greenhouse effect occurs as a result of accumulation in the atmosphere:
A. carbon monoxide;
b. carbon dioxide;
V. nitrogen dioxide;
g. sulfur oxides.
12. Living organisms are protected from harsh ultraviolet radiation by:
A. water vapor;
b. clouds;
V. ozone layer;
g. nitrogen.
13.The most common diseases that arise as a result of environmental degradation are:
A. diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
b. infectious diseases;
V. cardiovascular and oncological diseases;
g. diseases of the digestive tract.
14.What is the source of the emergence of new alleles called when the genetic structure of a population changes?
A. mutation;
b. migration;
V. genetic drift;
d. non-random crossing.
15. How many minutes can a person live without air?
A. thirty
V. 5
b. 1
10
16. Main product of consumption?
A. water
b. food
g. air
V. bread

Ecological project.

You can start a conversation by showing a video. It is possible to launch the video to the song of the group Earthlings "Forgive the Earth!"

The epigraph for the lesson can be taken from the words
"Living in this green world
good in winter and summer.
Life flies like a moth
a motley animal runs around
Whirl like a bird in the clouds,
runs quickly like a marten.
Life is everywhere, life is all around.
Man is nature's friend!"
In the modern world, environmental problems come to the fore. We have only managed to examine a small fraction of environmental problems. At the end of our environmental conversations, I would like to invite you to develop an environmental product (let's call it a project), in which you will talk about one of the environmental problems and its solution.
First, let's remember the problems with which we are already familiar.
Children call.
As an environmental product, you can publish a wall newspaper, draw a comic book, come up with an environmental fairy tale, a crossword puzzle, a calendar... The choice is yours, what your group finds interesting, that project is carried out by your group.
Work on the project is underway according to plan:
1. Identify the problem.
2. Identify the cause.
3. Put forward a solution to this problem.
The plan can be supplemented with your own proposals.
Projects will be assessed by a jury selected by you from among the class students based on the following: criteria:
1.Originality
2.Compliance with the task
3.Product protection
4.Answers to the questions asked
5.Work of all group members
I wish you creative success.

Options for project assignments:

Project assignment 1
Study the material about waste paper. Complete the task: create a poster for residents of Vakhtan about the dangers of burning paper and encouraging them to collect waste paper for recycling
Waste paper
Material: paper, sometimes impregnated with wax and coated with various colors.
Damage to nature: The paper itself does not cause damage. Cellulose, which is part of paper, is a natural material. However, the ink that coats the paper can release toxic substances.
Harm to humans: paint may release toxic substances when decomposed.
Decomposition Routes: Used as food by some microorganisms.
The final product of decomposition: humus, bodies of various organisms, carbon dioxide and water.
Decomposition time: 2-3 years.


Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, ash.
It is strictly forbidden to burn paper in the presence of food, as dioxins may be formed.

Project assignment 2
Read up on food waste. Complete the task: create a memo for residents of the village of Frequently about methods of neutralizing food waste.
Food waste
Damage to nature: practically no damage. Used to feed various organisms.
Harm to humans: rotting food waste is a breeding ground for microbes. When rotting, they release foul-smelling and poisonous substances in high concentrations.
Decomposition routes: used as food by various microorganisms.
The final product of decomposition: the bodies of organisms, carbon dioxide and water.
Decomposition time: 1-2 weeks.
Recycling method (on any scale): composting.
The least dangerous method of disposal (on a small scale): composting.
Products forming during neutralization: humus.
It is strictly forbidden to throw it into fire, as dioxins may be formed.

Project assignment 3
Study material about fabrics. Complete the task: design a poster for residents of the village. Frequent, calling to find new uses for unnecessary things.
Fabric products
Fabrics can be synthetic (they melt when heated) and natural (they become charred when heated). Everything written below applies to natural fabrics.
Damage to nature: do not cause. Cellulose, which is part of paper, is a natural material.
Decomposition Routes: Used as food by some organisms.
The final product of decomposition: humus, bodies of organisms, carbon dioxide, water.
Decomposition time: 2-3 years.
Recycling method (on a large scale): recycling into wrapping paper.
Recycling method (small scale): composting.
The least dangerous method of neutralization (on a small scale): burning under conditions that ensure complete combustion.
Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, ash

Project assignment 4
Learn about plastics. Complete the task: create a memo for residents of the village of Frequently about the dangers of burning plastic products.
Plastic products of unknown composition
Damage to nature: interfere with gas exchange in soils and water bodies. Can be swallowed by animals, resulting in death. They can release substances that are toxic to many organisms.
Damage to humans: may release toxic substances during decomposition.

Decomposition time: depends on the plastic, usually about 100 years, maybe more.
Recycling methods: depends on the plastic (usually remelting). For many plastics, there are no recycling options (due to the difficulty of identifying specific plastics).

Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, toxic organochlorine compounds.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as this can produce huge amounts of dioxins.

Project assignment 5
Learn about packaging materials. Complete the task: design a poster for residents of the village. Frequent warnings not to throw away packaging material.
Food packaging
Material: paper and various types of plastics, including chlorine-containing ones. Sometimes - aluminum foil.
Damage to nature: can be swallowed by large animals, which causes the death of the latter.
Decomposition paths: slowly oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. It degrades very slowly when exposed to sunlight. Sometimes used as food by some microorganisms.
Decomposition time: depends on the product. Usually – tens of years, maybe more.
Method of recycling (on a large scale): generally non-existent (due to difficulties in separating components)
The least dangerous method of neutralization (on any scale): burial.
Products formed during disposal: depend on the plastic. Usually carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen chloride, toxic organochlorine substances.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as this may produce dioxins.

Project assignment 6
Study the material about tin cans. Complete the task: create a memo for residents of the village of Chastye about the correct disposal of cans.
Cans
Material: galvanized or tin plated iron.
Damage to nature: compounds of zinc, tin and iron are poisonous to many organisms. The sharp edges of the cans injure animals.
Harm to humans: they release toxic substances during decomposition.
Decomposition routes: very slowly oxidized by oxygen. They degrade very slowly when exposed to sunlight.
Final decomposition products: carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen chloride.
Decomposition time: on land and in fresh water - several hundred years, in salt water - several decades.
Methods for recycling (in large quantities): none (due to technological difficulties).
The least dangerous method of neutralization (on any scale): disposal to a landfill.
Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen chloride, toxic organochlorine compounds.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as this produces huge amounts of dioxins.
Children's projects.

1. The influence of climatic and meteorological factors on the functioning of the body of students of early adolescence at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
2. Stray dogs in the urban environment in Yekaterinburg or regional cities and a danger to human health.
3. Dust collecting trees, their importance in improving the environment in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
4. Study of environmental factors in conditions of inclined microzonality of agricultural landscapes using the example of the Uktus Mountains.
5. Analysis of water quality and the condition of water intake structures in Yekaterinburg or cities in the Sverdlovsk region (specific example).
6. Monitoring of drinking water sources of non-centralized water supply in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
7. Studying the phytoncidal properties of green plants in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region
8. Counting wintering birds: environmental aspect (Participation in the winter bird count program "Eurasian Christmas Count").
9. Methods for studying the ecological state of the Iset or Patrushikha river, lake. Shartash, other reservoirs of the region and their use in assessing anthropogenic impact (specific reservoir).
10. Comparison of the cleansing capacity of the river ecosystem of the Iset River, Patrushikha River or other rivers in the region (a specific example).
11. Medicinal dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg) as an indicator of environmental pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
12. Perception of the visual environment and its influence on a person’s well-being (using a specific example).
13. Natural-historical-cultural natural monument "Stone Tents" or other natural monuments of the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
14. Comparative characteristics of the vegetation of the landscape natural monuments “Shartashsky Forest Park” and “Uktussky Forest Park” or other forest parks of the city (specific examples).
15. Assessment of the state of the air environment in areas of Yekaterinburg or other cities in the region using the lichen indication method (specific area).
16. The influence of anthropogenic impact on the growth and fruiting of Scots pine trees in Kharitonovsky Park or other parks of the city and region (specific park).
17. The role of propaganda in increasing motivation to protect the environment using the example of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College and its impact on human health.
18. Ecological studies of changes in the physical development of first-year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
19. Household waste and problems of its disposal in the districts of Yekaterinburg or regional cities (a specific example).
20. Assessment of the state of green spaces in areas of Yekaterinburg or regional cities and the impact on human health (a specific example).
21. Fauna of diurnal Lepidoptera in the areas of Yekaterinburg or regional cities.
22. Study of the demographic situation in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region (a specific example).
23. Assessment of the recreational capacity of a forest park or protected area in the Sverdlovsk region (specific area).
24. How to survive a monument in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region (a specific example).
25. Video ecology of the valley of the Iset or Patrushikha rivers and other rivers in the region.
26. Dynamics of the avifauna of some forest areas in the Sverdlovsk region (specific area) and the impact of anthropogenic load.
27. Practical aspects of interaction between people and birds in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
28. Factors influencing performance and fatigue in the educational process at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
29. Radiation monitoring of Yekaterinburg or regional cities.
30. The influence of environmental environmental factors on the health of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
31. The problem of our time “Tuberculosis is the border between life and death.”
32. Comparative characteristics of the environmental situation in the area of ​​buildings 1 and 2 of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
33. The influence of the urban environment on the condition of plants (using the example of studying the growth and development of lilac shoots).
34. Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds during the autumn migration period at the mouth of the Patrushikha River.
35. Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds during the autumn migration period in the pond of Kharitonovsky Park.
36. Noise pollution in building 2 of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
37. Proper housekeeping (specific example).
38. Comparative analysis of biological methods for assessing air quality using lichen.
39. Study of the Red Book and rare phytocenotic objects of a forest park or protected area of ​​the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
40. Some features of physical development and hemodynamic function of the heart in 1st and 2nd year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
41. Studying the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify genetically modified ingredients in it.
42. Studying the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify harmful food additives.
43. Monitoring the ecological state of ecological systems in Yekaterinburg or regional cities (specific examples).
44. Research of rare and protected plants of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region.
45. Daily intake of nutrients by students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
46. Diet for students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
47. Assessment of the ecological state of the air on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
48. Video ecological justification for the discomfort of the interface of modern operating systems.
49. Comparative analysis of indoor plants in classrooms - No. 216, 316 as a factor in improving the microclimate of indoor spaces.
50. Study of the ecological state of Kharitonovsky Park or the Park of Culture and Recreation named after. Mayakovsky.
51. Ecological characteristics of the water system of the Shartash forest park (a specific example) and the impact on health.
52. Ecological characteristics of reservoirs in the Sverdlovsk region and their impact on health (a specific example).
53. Aging of the population of the Sverdlovsk region as an environmental problem.
54. Dynamics of the ecological state of the Park of Culture and Recreation named after. Mayakovsky.
55. The use of microfertilizers as an effective way to dispose of household waste (at a specific site).
56. Forecasting the level of pollution of surface waters in the Sverdlovsk region.
57. Using the bioindication method to assess the state of atmospheric air in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg.
58. Analysis of drinking water in Yekaterinburg and its impact on health.
59. Ecological passport of the forest park of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region (specific example).
60. Dependence of the incidence of ARVI and influenza in schoolchildren on the content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet.
61. Biotechnical measures for the conservation of Red Book plant species on the territory of a forest park or nature reserve in Yekaterinburg or regional cities (a specific example).
62. Assessment of the state of the ecosystem of Lake Shartash or rivers and lakes of cities and towns in the region.
63. The mystery of the water we drink.
64. The influence of various types of soil cultivation on its agronomic properties.
65. Study of the ecological state of the Iset River, Patrushikha or rivers and lakes of the region.
66. Disorders of human eating behavior under the influence of socio-psychological factors.
67. Socio-psychological environmental factors and their impact on the health of students at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
68. Determination of the coefficient of aggressiveness of the surrounding video environment in Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
69. Determination of the ecological characteristics of meadows in the Sverdlovsk region by vegetation cover (specific examples).
70. The influence of the anthropogenic factor on the meadow ecosystem in the Sverdlovsk region.
71. Assessment of the impact of aircraft noise in the area adjacent to Koltsovo Airport.
72. The problem of beer alcoholism among students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
73. Mobile phone: pros and cons (based on the example of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
74. Determination of noise pollution on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
75. Nutritional supplements pros and cons.
76. Category E food additives for human health.
77. Assessment of the intensity of traffic flow and its impact on the state of atmospheric air in the area of ​​reinforced concrete products or other areas of the city and region.
78. Dynamics of the abundance and biomass of the earthworm (Limbricus terrestris) in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems (using the example of the suburban area of ​​the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region).
79. Determination of nitrates in agricultural products.
80. Dependence of the species and quantitative composition of birds on the degree of recreational load of natural forest parks and parks of the city of Yekaterinburg in winter.
81. Studying the impact of a highway on environmental safety using the example of a reinforced concrete area or other areas of the city and region.
82. "The green outfit of my street."
83. The impact of railway transport on human health (using specific examples).
84. Study of the illumination of classrooms at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
85. Ecological potential of the method of photographing wildlife in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg and regional cities.
86. Ecological potential of the method of drawings of living nature objects in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg and cities in the region.
87. Conduct a comparative analysis of parks or forest parks in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region using the method of photographing wildlife objects.
88. Landscape design of the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
89. Ecology of homeless animals in Yekaterinburg and regional cities.
90. Study of the ecological state of the springs of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region and the adjacent territory (using a specific example).
91. Development of springs and surrounding areas in the vicinity of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region (using a specific example).
92. Monitoring the quality of tap water in the city of Yekaterinburg.
93. The influence of the degree of environmental pollution on the physiological parameters of some tree species in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
94. Nitrates in vegetable products (using specific examples).
95. Peculiarities of perception of environmental risks in conditions of economic crisis.
96. Studying the problem of pollution of the urban environment by household waste (using the example of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region).
97. Dependence of bronchial asthma attacks on industrial air pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
98. My view on the problem of homeless animals in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region and ways to solve it.
99. Assessment of the state of the visual environment of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
100. The influence of the conditions of urbanized Yekaterinburg on the state of the cardiovascular system of students.
101. Mental performance and physiological adaptations of students to the vocational training system at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
102. Vitamin C in the diet of the indigenous and visiting population of Yekaterinburg.
103. Studying the effect of vehicle emissions on the linear growth of pine trees in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
104. Study of the ecological environment of a residential premises (using a specific example).
105. The influence of external factors on seed germination (using the example of flower seeds).
106. The influence of computer addiction on the performance of students at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
107. Study of the influence of the visual environment on human health in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
108. Studying the attitude of college students to smoking and the harmful effects of tobacco products on living organisms (at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
109. Assessment of the sustainability of trees and shrubs in green spaces in residential areas of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
110. Linden as a bioindicator of environmental pollution in Yekaterinburg and regional cities.