Symptoms of giardiasis in adults and methods of treatment. Giardia and damage to internal organs: how to get rid of parasites with drugs and traditional medicine Preparation before treating giardiasis

Helminths have a powerful toxic effect on the human body and can lead to the most serious and adverse consequences. Therefore, giardiasis in adults and children requires immediate treatment.

The main stages of treatment

It takes a long time to treat Giardia in adults. The duration of each treatment stage differs in each case and depends on the individual characteristics of the organism, the form and severity of the disease. One stage of treatment can last from 2 to 4 weeks, after which it is allowed to move on to further therapy.

First stage of treatment

It is possible to treat giardiasis only after the preparatory stage is completed. Its essence lies in the elimination of the consequences of intoxication of the body, the intake of certain choleretic and anthelmintic drugs. The most important element of the first stage is the observance of a special diet aimed at preventing the reproduction of Giardia.

In the treatment of giardiasis in children and adults, it is necessary to strictly limit the intake of carbohydrates, sugar, with the main emphasis on proteins and fiber. Any foods that put a strain on the digestive system are strictly prohibited.

You must completely abandon the following products:

• Wheat bread, sweet pastries.
• Cakes, pastries and other confectionery products.
• Pasta.
• Milk.
• Animal fat.
• Fatty meats and fish.
• Sausages, sausages.
• Canned food, marinades, smoked meats.
• Beans, peas and other legumes.

The menu must be built on products such as oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley or rice, dairy products (especially kefir and cottage cheese), sour varieties of fruits and vegetables, herbs, lean meats and fish.

The patient needs to be provided with plenty of drink - lingonberry, cranberry compotes or fruit drinks, unsweetened tea with lemon, non-carbonated mineral water, freshly squeezed carrot, apple, beet juice.

In order to treat giardiasis in children at the preparatory stage, drugs are used to remove toxic substances from the body. Such drugs include Enterosgel, Polysorb, Polyphepan.

The second stage of the treatment process consists of taking medications that the attending physician will select, depending on the characteristics of the disease and its severity.

How to treat giardiasis in children and adults? For this, various anthelmintic drugs are used:

• Macmirror,
• Nemozol,
• metronidazole,
• albendazole,
• tinidazole,
• Tibera
• furazolidone,
• Ornidazole,
• Fazizhim.

These drugs have their own characteristics of use and contraindications.

Metronidazole is one of the most effective and common remedies that helps treat giardiasis in adults and children. It is characterized by a minimum number of side effects. The duration of the treatment course varies from 7 to 14 days.

Albendazole - is distinguished by the ability to suppress the vital processes of helminths, as a result of which they die. It is used to treat giardiasis in adults and children under the age of 6 years.

Tinidazole is a drug for quickly getting rid of Giardia. The recommended dosage is 3-4 tablets every 24 hours, the duration of therapy is no more than 3 days.

Tiberal is one of the most effective remedies, which is prescribed 3 tablets per day. It has a high level of side effects in the form of severe headaches, nausea, sleep disorders. Used only as directed by a doctor.

Furazolidone - today the drug is used quite rarely, as it can cause many side effects in the form of nausea, digestive disorders, and allergic skin rashes.

Features of the final stage are to normalize the patient's condition and prevent a possible relapse. The patient is prescribed immunomodulatory drugs that increase the level of the body's defenses. Also, to strengthen the body, it is recommended to take multivitamin complexes.

In order to restore the body after giardiasis in adults and children, probiotics are additionally prescribed to normalize the intestinal microflora - Bifiform or Linex. And do not forget that a special diet must be observed throughout all stages of treatment.

Treatment of giardiasis in children

It is recommended to treat Giardia in children in a similar way, in three stages. You can prepare the child's body for further therapy with the help of diet food with the rejection of pastries, sweets, fatty, fried, spicy and pickled foods. The children's menu should be dominated by vegetable and dairy foods.

It is possible to cure Giardia in a child with the help of medicines from the homeopathic group - Tiberal, Metronidazole, Lycopodium, Chelidonium are most often prescribed.

Babies under the age of 6 are allowed to take such pharmacological preparations as Pirantel, Vermox, Tanaxol. They can be produced in the form of tablets or suspensions. The duration of treatment is 3-5 days, the dosage is determined by the attending physician, depending on the age and condition of the child.

Due to its "burning" properties, garlic effectively fights helminths.

Folk remedies against Giardia

It is possible to effectively supplement the drug treatment of giardiasis at home using various alternative medicine recipes. Treatment with folk remedies allows you to accelerate the destruction of helminths, restore the functioning of the intestines and other internal organs, and remove toxins from the body.

Large beets and horseradish must be crushed with a grater, after which 2 tablespoons of the resulting mass should be poured with sunflower oil and left to infuse for 2-4 hours. The finished medicine should be taken in a tablespoon before each meal.

Horseradish is a component of many recipes against helminthiasis in children and adults. Three root crops must be grated without peeling, after which the resulting mass is poured into 1 liter of cool water. The mixture should be infused in a cool place away from sunlight in a tightly sealed form for 3 days, after which the water must be drained, and the same amount of linden or flower honey should be added to the resulting horseradish gruel. The medicine should be infused for another 3 days, the finished product is taken in a tablespoon before meals.

In 50 g of natural honey, add 4 drops of bergamot essential oil, mix thoroughly and consume every morning, before breakfast.

One of the most effective folk remedies for giardiasis in children and adults is milk with garlic. To prepare it, a large head of garlic should be passed through a press and pour the garlic mass into a glass of milk. The drink should be drunk in one gulp, it is best to take it in the evening, before going to bed.

At home, you can cook another effective remedy with garlic. For this purpose, you need to pour 200 ml of vodka into a dark glass container and pour 2 tablespoons of pre-chopped garlic cloves. The vessel should be placed in a dark and cool place for 7 days. Ready garlic tincture is taken 25 drops three times a day, 30 minutes before meals.

For the treatment of helminths at home, pumpkin medicine is excellent. It is prepared as follows - a glass of pumpkin seeds, along with the husk, must be ground to a powder-like state, then add 2 tablespoons of natural honey and clean water. The remedy should be taken in the morning, 5-6 teaspoons for an hour, then take a laxative or make a cleansing enema.

You can quickly get rid of helminths of various types with the help of oatmeal infusion. It is recommended to pour a glass of unpeeled oats with 5 glasses of boiling water. The mixture should be placed on a small fire and simmer until the liquid has evaporated by about a quarter. Healing agent should be consumed in a glass 3-4 times a day. A tablespoon of tansy should be poured into a bowl with 250 ml of water, put on a small fire and bring to a boil. The remedy is recommended to drink throughout the day in small sips.

Many herbalists advise using corn stigmas for the treatment of giardiasis in patients of all ages. 30–40 g of corn stigmas must be poured with a cup of boiling water, covered tightly and left to infuse for 2–3 hours. The medicine is drunk in a tablespoon three times a day.

Rowan berries are not only extremely tasty, but also extremely useful - especially in the case of helminthiasis. To prepare a folk remedy, a tablespoon of rowan berries must be poured with 250 ml of hot water, then covered and left to infuse for an hour. The finished rowan remedy is recommended to be taken ½ cup twice a day.

A popular and effective remedy for the treatment of giardiasis in adult patients can be prepared as follows - combine ½ cup of birch and freshly squeezed beetroot juice, add the same amount of cognac to the mixture. The product must be tightly corked and left in a dark place, the duration of infusion is 3 days. After that, the folk remedy is taken ½ cup 3-4 times a day.

The infection develops in the upper small intestine. To date, it has been scientifically proven that giardiasis develops after ingestion of several cysts. Cyst - this is a peculiar form of the existence of a microbe, a capsule that looks like a capsule. Such a capsule has a particularly dense shell, so it easily survives under various influences. Thus, cysts are resistant to acids, alkalis, active chlorine . Only in the process of boiling can they be completely neutralized.

Once in the human body, they begin to multiply very quickly, and over time, a huge amount of Giardia accumulates inside. So, in the intestine for 1 cm2 of the mucous membrane, there can be about one million lamblia and even more. At the same time, with feces, infected individuals excrete up to 18 billion Giardia cysts per day. The movable form of lamblia has four pairs flagella , as well as a suction disc, which helps to easily attach to the mucous membrane.

Symptoms of giardiasis

In most cases, giardiasis resolves without the manifestation of certain clinical symptoms. If the disease is clinically expressed, then it proceeds acute and chronic form . The duration of the incubation period is from one to three weeks. Symptoms of giardiasis appear in an acute form: the stool becomes liquid and watery , while there are no impurities of blood and mucus in it. The smell is unpleasant, and impurities of fat appear on the surface. The patient complains of pain in the epigastric region (that is, under the "spoon"). The intestines swell with too much flatus, belching smells of hydrogen sulfide. The patient noticeably decreases, nausea is manifested, sometimes vomiting, in some cases the body temperature may rise slightly.

As a rule, giardiasis in the acute stage occurs within five to seven days. Sometimes the disease drags on for several months, in the course of the development of the disease, noticeable malnutrition occurs, and weight decreases. In most cases, all symptoms of giardiasis go away on their own in 1-4 weeks. Giardiasis in some cases becomes a chronic disease, its relapses are manifested. From time to time the patient feels pain in the epigastric region, the stool may be liquid. In the chronic form, in most cases, giardiasis manifests itself in children at preschool age. The disease does not give complications.

Diagnosis of giardiasis

To date, there are a number of methods that can detect giardia antigens in the feces of an infected patient. This is indirect immunofluorescence reaction, REMA .

Treatment of giardiasis

Currently, giardiasis is treated by dividing therapy into three stages.
First of all, preparation is carried out, including the normalization of bile secretion. Therapeutic measures are prescribed, guided by the identified violations during ultrasound and other examinations. Secondly , carried out the actual treatment of giardiasis. There are several widely used methods. So, a specialist can recommend not only the traditional method of treating giardiasis, but also a homeopathic pharmacological method. However, the most important condition is in no case to apply therapeutic measures without the recommendation of a doctor. After all, the means used, including herbal remedies, can provoke the appearance of side effects.

Today, the treatment of giardiasis is successfully carried out by prescribing or. It is important that this remedy is suitable for the treatment of giardiasis in children.

Thirdly , in the course of treatment the rehabilitation period is important. At this stage, it is important to correct the lack of vitamins and using biological products for this. Giardiasis is treated gastroenterologists and infectiologists .

Even seven weeks after stopping therapy, relapses of the disease may occur. Therefore, it is important to periodically visit a specialist who will monitor the patient's condition.

The doctors

Medications

Prevention of giardiasis

All measures that are taken to prevent the entry of infections that are transmitted into the body are suitable. fecal-oral route . So, it is important to observe sanitary and hygienic standards. You should not drink unboiled water, it is important to wash all consumed fruits and vegetables. Supervise children and also do not allow dogs and cats to lick themselves. In the process of swimming in a pond, swallowing water should not be allowed. It is important to explain this to children in an accessible way. If a child has signs of giardiasis, an allergic disease that lasts too long, or problems in the functioning of the nervous system, a consultation should be sought immediately. gastroenterologist or, if the child is ill, pediatrician .

This protozoan microorganism exists in the form of cysts and in the form of vegetations. Vegetative Giardia has a pear-shaped shape, somewhat reminiscent of a human face with a forced smile. Giardia do not reach more than 24 microns in length, and 12 microns in width, so they are visible only under a microscope.

More than 140 thousand cases of giardiasis are registered in Russia every year. The number of adults from this figure is about 30%. The disease is dangerous primarily because it has an asymptomatic course, and the clinical signs that occur in an adult are not specific. Often, giardiasis is hidden under the mask of biliary dyskinesia, under chronic enteritis and other pathologies of the digestive tract.

There are from 4 to 30 cysts per 1 cubic meter of water in open reservoirs.

For 1 liter of wastewater that has not been treated, there are up to 1091 cysts.

There are from 10 to 35 cysts per 1 liter of treated wastewater that will be discharged into open water bodies.

There are up to 112 cysts per 1 kg of soil in PEIs located in non-canalized settlements (in 11-22% of all studied soils).

In 6% of cases, cysts were found in swabs from doorknobs in kindergartens, in 3% in swabs from children's hands, in 2% in swabs from children's pots, and in 0.2% in swabs from toys.

Cysts remain viable in water from 15 to 70 days, in feces they live from 2 hours to a day. If cysts enter open water bodies, then at temperatures from 2 to 22 ° C they can live for about 3 months. In the sea, cysts retain the ability to invade for 47 days.

In different countries around the world, outbreaks of giardiasis have been reported due to drinking untreated water that has not been properly treated at waterworks. For example, a similar situation was observed in America, in Egypt, in Sweden.

In most preschools, children become infected through dirty hands. The source of the spread of giardiasis are other children, as well as staff.

The source of infection is always a sick person. Moreover, he himself can be a carrier of Giardia, and he will not experience symptoms of the disease at all. A person becomes contagious approximately 8-12 days after the invasion. The incubation period in some cases may be shorter, especially with a massive infection with Giardia.

Cysts are released into the external environment in waves. The pause between this process can be from 1 to 17 days. If a person was infected once, and subsequent reinfection does not occur, then he will remain contagious for 6 months.

One gram of feces can contain about 1.8 million cysts capable of invasion. And in order for infection to occur, it is enough to swallow only 10 cysts.

Giardia transmission mechanism is fecal-oral. Ways of spread of infection: food, contact-household and water.

There is a high risk of transmission of giardiasis under the following conditions:

Non-observance of personal hygiene. First of all, this concerns poor-quality and untimely hand washing after visiting public places, the toilet and before eating.

Poor processing of food that is eaten raw.

Drinking unboiled water, especially from open natural sources. Giardia can be present in any water, including spring water.

Poor sanitary living conditions, the presence of insects in the house. Of particular danger in this regard are flies and cockroaches, which are the spreaders of the infection.

Infection with giardiasis from infested animals is possible: dogs, guinea pigs, cats, etc.

Adults of the following professions are more susceptible to invasion:

Employees of educational institutions (kindergartens, schools).

Medical workers (laboratory assistants).

Vacuum trucks.

Risk factors for giardiasis in adults:

A large amount of carbohydrate food in the diet.

Insufficient consumption of protein foods and foods with vegetable fiber (vegetables, fruits, cereals).

Decreased acidity of the stomach.

Violation of the immune system.

Long-term treatment with antibacterial drugs, which leads to excessive bacterial growth in the intestine. Such an environment is favorable for the existence of lamblia.

Addiction.

In the Russian Federation, the disease is most often recorded in spring (April and May), as well as in summer. The least cases of giardiasis are observed in November and October.

Those vegetative forms of Giardia that are not attached to the villi descend into the large intestine, where they become cysts. After that, the cysts absorb the flagella and become covered with a protective sheath. This process is maximally facilitated under the condition of normal intestinal motility. If it is accelerated, which is observed with diarrhea, the vegetative forms of Giardia do not have enough time to form full-fledged cysts, and they go out into the environment insufficiently protected. As it was said, such vegetations die very quickly outside the human body.

Factors that contribute to mass outbreaks of giardiasis among the population are:

Fecal pollution of the environment;

High crowding of people;

Low level of formation of sanitary and hygienic skills among the population;

Insufficient or poor-quality sedum of drinking water before it enters the water supply system.

Naturally, the risks of invasion for an adult increase if one or more children under the age of 10 live in the house.

Can Giardia be transmitted from person to person? Giardia is transmitted from person to person.

Can Giardia be transmitted from cats to humans? Giardia transmission from cats to humans is possible.

Symptoms of giardiasis are very often absent altogether. Asymptomatic course of the disease is observed in 65% of patients. If the clinical picture manifests itself brightly, then most often this is due either to a massive invasion, or to a disruption in the functioning of the human immune system, or to the ingestion of individual strains of infection with high virulence into the body. For example, in people with the disease, the course is much more severe than in healthy patients. Periods of remission are replaced by frequent periods of exacerbation.

Asymptomatic carriage of giardiasis

Severe symptoms of giardiasis. Significant symptoms of the disease include:

1. Intestinal damage with enteritis, enterocolitis, duodenitis and duodenal dyskinesia (intestinal form of the disease).

   Hepatobiliary form in which symptoms and biliary dyskinesia come to the fore.

   Giardiasis as a concomitant disease.

Based on the study of the symptoms of giardiasis in people of different age groups, Zalipaeva T. L. identified the following main syndromes of the disease:

Dyspeptic syndrome, which is the leading one and is present in the clinical picture of 81.5% of all patients.

Pain syndrome, which is inherent in 76.9% of all infected.

An increase in eosinophils in the blood.

Prolonged increase in body temperature to subfebrile marks.

Having confirmed contact with an infected person.

Visual markers of patients with giardiasis are: dry skin, soreness of mesogastria, bloating, furred tongue, possibly an increase in liver size.

Modern diagnosis of Giardia in adults includes the following set of possible measures:

Microscopic examination of feces.

PCR feces.

ELISA feces using rapid tests.

PCR duodenal contents of the duodenum.

ELISA of blood for giardiasis.

For the result to be as reliable as possible, the following conditions must be observed:

Do not use an enema to collect biomaterial;

Refuse to take sorbents and antibiotics, or wait 2 weeks after the last dose of the drug;

Feces are collected in a sterile container;

The feces must be fresh, it must be delivered to the laboratory within an hour.

Additional methods for diagnosing giardiasis in adults can be such studies as: a general blood and urine test, blood biochemistry, and stool culture for microflora, a test for lactase deficiency, FGDS, etc.

Treatment of giardiasis in adults

Treatment of lamblia in adults is carried out by an infectious disease doctor.

Before deciding on therapy, the doctor must consider such aspects as:

The severity of the symptoms of the disease;

The duration of the presence of lamblia in the intestine;

Presence of comorbidities.

It is equally important to try to determine the source of the invasion in order to prevent reinfection. You should not start treatment with taking antiprotozoal drugs, as this will exacerbate the symptoms of the disease and may provoke a reactive response of the body.

Therefore, the treatment of lamblia in adults is carried out in stages:

As a rule, the prognosis for giardiasis in adults is quite favorable. In the event that the patient strictly fulfills all the appointments of the attending doctor, recovery is observed in 92-95% of cases. However, reinfection is not ruled out, so the patient should remain under dispensary observation for another 3-6 months. During this time, it must be examined at least 2 times.

Tinidazole (Tinogin, Ametin, Fazizhin). It will take 1-2 days to take the selected drug. The effectiveness of treatment reaches 80%.

Tiberal (Ornidazole). The drug can be taken according to different schemes: one day, three days, five days and ten days. The effect even with a one-day intake reaches 92%.

Macmirror's drug "Poli industria chimica". The effectiveness of this drug reaches 96.8% after a week of taking.

Giardia prevention in adults

Giardia prevention in adults is reduced to the following measures:

Timely detection of cases of invasion with subsequent high-quality treatment of patients with giardiasis.

Following strict hygiene rules with regular handwashing.

Use for drinking boiled or bottled water.

Prevention of fecal matter from entering the environment.

Compliance with sanitary and hygienic measures in food and water supply establishments.

Regular examination of persons at risk for giardiasis.

Conducting sanitary-educational work among the population by local authorities.

There is no vaccine for giardiasis, and the immunity that is developed after an illness is not very stable. Therefore, the risk of reinvasion remains high.

Which doctor treats giardiasis?

He is engaged in the treatment of giardiasis.

Education: in 2008 he received a diploma in the specialty "General Medicine (Therapeutic and Preventive Care)" at the Russian Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov. Immediately passed the internship and received a diploma in therapy.

Invasion by Giardia can lead to a functional disorder of the small intestine, although in a significant number of cases a person - a carrier of Giardia - may not have any complaints. However, in accordance with WHO recommendations, the diagnosis of giardiasis is established when giardia is detected in any case, even in the absence of severe symptoms.

The prevalence of giardiasis depends on the development of hygienic culture. In European countries, Giardia affects no more than 3-5% of people. Among children, giardiasis is detected twice as often as in adults. This is due to the fact that children often do not follow the rules of hygiene.

Causes of giardiasis

Giardia transmission mechanism is fecal-oral. That is, Giardia is excreted from the body along with feces, and enters through the mouth - along with food or water.

Giardia exist in two forms - vegetative (in which Giardia feed and grow) and in the form of a cyst (when the body of the microorganism is covered with a protective shell). Outside the human body, vegetative forms die, while cysts remain viable.

In order for Giardia infection to occur, it is enough for 10 to 100 cysts to enter the body. Giardia cysts can be present in the ground, in water, including running and even spring water, carried on the paws of flies. Kills cysts only cooling below 13 ° C or boiling.

The cyst that enters the human body reaches the duodenum, where it dissolves under the influence of intestinal juice. From one cyst, two vegetative forms of Giardia are formed. Giardia attach themselves to the villi of the intestinal mucosa and are thought to feed on parietal digestion products. Giardia reproduce by division. Every 9-12 hours, the number of Giardia doubles.

When it enters the large intestine, Giardia changes shape, turning into a cyst. Cysts leave the body with feces.

Symptoms of giardiasis

Giardia can number up to a million per 1 square centimeter of the intestinal wall. They mechanically damage blood cells (erythrocytes), cause irritation of nerve endings, disrupt the absorption process. As a result, inflammation develops. Giardia waste products can cause allergic reactions.

Giardiasis can occur in acute or chronic form. Symptoms of acute giardiasis may appear 1-3 weeks after the invasion.

Most often, giardiasis manifests itself in the form of an intestinal disorder. In some cases, giardiasis can cause gallbladder dysfunction and bile stasis. In the case of a prolonged course of giardiasis (especially in children), neurotic symptoms may occur.

Abdominal pain

With giardiasis, it hurts in the epigastric region and in the navel. The pain is usually dull but can be sharp in some cases.

Methods for diagnosing giardiasis

Giardiasis has no specific symptoms, and its manifestations are varied. Therefore, a typical situation is when a person is treated by different specialists for different symptoms, while giardiasis remains undetected.

Be sure to take tests for Giardia in the following cases:

• with a tendency to intestinal diseases, as well as in their chronic course;
• with eosinophilia (the presence in the blood of an increased number of eosinophils);
• in case of an intestinal disorder obtained when traveling abroad, especially to southern and exotic countries;
• in case of neurotic symptoms, especially against the background of intestinal disorders.

Giardiasis is established on the basis of laboratory tests. For the diagnosis of giardiasis are usually used:

microscopic examination

The feces are examined - for the presence of Giardia cysts, and the contents of the intestine - for the presence of vegetative forms.

Examination of feces

Immunological analysis allows you to detect a specific Giardia antigen in the feces.

Treatment methods for giardiasis

Treatment of giardiasis consists of several stages:

Preparatory stage

The purpose of the preparatory stage is to create an environment in the body that is unfavorable for the reproduction of Giardia, eliminate endotoxicosis (remove toxins from the body), increase the body's defenses, and mechanically remove the maximum number of Giardia. At this stage, choleretic drugs, a special diet (food with a significant carbohydrate content is excluded), and various methods of bowel cleansing are used.

When Giardia enters the colon, the conditions of which are not favorable for it, they take the form of cysts excreted in the feces. Despite the fact that the cysts are deprived of their habitat, they remain active and can become a source of infection.

Giardia cysts are known to remain viable for up to two months if the ambient temperature is not more than fifty and not less than zero degrees Celsius.

Anatomy

Giardia exist in two forms, which, in the course of their life, pass one into the other.

Cysts are rounded formations, slightly smaller than trophozoites. The cyst is a protective shell under which a young, not yet fully formed trophozoid is reliably preserved from adverse environmental factors.

How can you get infected?

Giardia cysts remain viable in the external environment for about 90 days. They enter the human body in the following ways:

Both mice and pets - dogs, cats - can carry cysts. And also it is necessary to mention the flies, which are especially active in the summer months. In the warm season, bathing in reservoirs is also relevant, their use as a source for domestic needs, which is unacceptable.

Forms of the disease

Giardiasis is characterized by several forms of diseases. According to the degree of activity and the frequency of manifestations of symptoms, an acute form is distinguished, a chronic form. The acute form is characterized by a rapid, noticeable development of giardiasis. It is in such cases that patients seek qualified help. The chronic form of giardiasis masquerades as the pathology of other diseases, it is diagnosed in most cases by accident.

Forms of giardiasis:

• subclinical - occupies 50% of all cases;
• asymptomatic - 25%;
• manifest - up to 44%.

The last form of the disease also has its own classification. Depends on the location of lamblia.

1. Intestinal form of giardiasis in adults. There is indigestion, dysbacteriosis, gastrointestinal diseases. These include gastroduodenitis, gastroenteritis, duodenitis, enteritis, and other inflammatory pathologies.
2. Biliary - pancreatic form. Associated with impaired digestion, metabolism, with clinical manifestations of inflammation of the biliary tract, a violation of the discharge of bile. The patient has problems with the gallbladder. Pathologies such as pancreatitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, biliary dyskinesia are diagnosed. Along with this, there is a violation of the liver, an increase in its size.
3. Extraintestinal form of giardiasis. Causes toxic-allergic symptoms. There is a change in the composition of the blood, the growth of allergens that the body cannot cope with. Allergy is manifested by rashes on the skin, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, eczema, acne on the face, back.
4. The mixed form of giardiasis in adults combines all of the above symptoms.

The clinical manifestation of symptoms depends on the presence in the body of other diseases of a chronic nature, the general state of health.

Symptoms and first signs

Signs of the acute stage of giardiasis:

• severe dysentery - while in the feces there are no inclusions of blood, mucus, which is typical for a common indigestion;
• flatulence - occurs due to a violation of the intestinal microflora;
• pain in the abdomen, mainly in the upper part - the nature of sensations is constantly changing: from aching to acute pain;
• general poor health - the body begins to gradually deplete.

Signs of chronic giardiasis:

When the first signs of the disease appear, it is worth undergoing an examination so that when the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment can be started in a timely manner.

Complications

Another unpleasant complication of giardiasis is vascular pathology. It is caused by manifestations of vegetovascular dystonia as a result of severe poisoning of the body.

Diagnostics

How to treat Giardia in adults

• Tinidazole (Tinogin, Ametin, Fazizhin). It will take 1-2 days to take the selected drug. The effectiveness of treatment reaches 80%.
• Tiberal (Ornidazole). The drug can be taken according to different schemes: one day, three days, five days and ten days. The effect even with a one-day intake reaches 92%.
• Macmirror drug. The effectiveness of this drug reaches 96.8% after a week of taking.

In this case, the treatment of lamblia in adults is carried out in stages.

1) Preparatory stage before the treatment of giardiasis. At the preparatory stage, it is necessary to try to mechanically remove the maximum number of lamblia from the intestines, as well as remove intoxication from the body. During this time, the patient must adhere to a dietary diet.

To do this, the patient must comply with the following recommendations:

1. Completely exclude sweets and carbohydrates from the menu, which are quickly absorbed;
2. Eat foods rich in fiber;
3. Eat protein foods;
4. Refuse whole milk, limit the intake of fats;
5. Eat according to the regime, switch to fractional meals (5-6 times a day);
6. Drink more liquid, giving preference to sour fruit drinks and choleretic decoctions.

How to treat Giardia in adults - a list of drugs:

Preparations and dosage for the treatment of children are selected with great care, trying to minimize the toxic effect of drugs.

How to treat Giardia in children - medicines:

• Flamin - 1/3 or 1/2 tablets three times a day, the course of treatment is designed for 10 days.
• Macmirror - is used from 2 years of age at 15 mg per kg of body weight of the child, not more than 0.4 g in total. The course of treatment with a 2-fold dose takes from 7 to 10 days.
• Intetrix - recommended for children from one year old, the therapeutic dose is? -1-1? capsules three times a day.

3) Recovery of the body after the treatment of giardiasis. The final stage of treatment is aimed at increasing the patient's immunity, at normalizing the intestinal microflora. To do this, he is prescribed vitamin-mineral complexes, intestinal bacteria, enzyme preparations.

As a rule, the prognosis for giardiasis in adults is quite favorable. In the event that the patient strictly fulfills all the appointments of the attending doctor, recovery is observed in 92-95% of cases. However, reinfection is not ruled out, so the patient should remain under dispensary observation for another 3-6 months. During this time, it must be examined at least 2 times.

Folk remedies

Here are some recipes:

1. Horseradish and garlic tincture. Garlic and horseradish are taken in equal proportions, peeled and chopped with a blender. Then, 50 g of the mixture is placed in a pre-prepared, clean container and filled with a bottle of vodka. The container is closed with a tight lid and left in a dark place for a week. The finished tincture is filtered and taken in 1 tsp. half an hour before meals in the morning and evening. If the tincture seems too bitter, you can pre-dilute it with a little water.
2. Pumpkin seeds. It is important to take not store-bought, in bags, gut the pumpkin. Grind 300 grams of raw materials with a mortar, shift a glass jar, add 50 grams of honey and water. Eat all this mass on an empty stomach in an hour, take a laxative.
3. Infusion of tansy. Steep 1 tablespoon of the herb in a cup of boiling water. Let the patient drink in small sips, 3-4 times a day.
4. Remedy for lamblia from oats. Pour 250 grams of oats with a liter of boiling water, put on fire, evaporate a little less than a quarter of the total volume. Drink a glass 4 times a day.
5. Rowan infusion. To prepare a remedy, dried rowan fruits (1 tsp) are poured into 200 ml of boiling water and infused for 2 hours. Ready infusion is consumed before each meal in a volume of 100 ml.
6. Infusion of corn stigmas. Pour a tablespoon of vegetable raw materials with a glass of boiling water, leave for 3 hours. Drink a tablespoon four times a day.

Alternative recipes are quite effective, they can be included in the complex therapy after consultation with the attending physician.

Nutrition and diet

The diet for giardiasis in adults at the first, preparatory stage, is based on products that slow down the reproduction of giardia. It is recommended to limit to a minimum the consumption of carbohydrates (flour dishes and sweets) and give preference to protein foods and foods high in fiber. During this period, the patient needs to use:

• Fresh and cooked vegetables
• Dried fruits
• Various cereals
• Lean meat
• Vegetable oil

At the third, recovery stage, the daily menu is based on products that improve intestinal motility. The diet includes:

• Boiled lean meat and lean fish
• Dairy products (kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese)
• Fruit and vegetable purees
• Kashi (oatmeal, buckwheat, barley)
• Baked apples
• Fresh fruits and vegetables (cabbage, carrots, apples, pears)
• Berries (cranberries, cranberries)
• Greenery

Bread, flour, confectionery and sweets, whole milk, pasta should be completely excluded from the diet. It is recommended to abandon sausages, canned meat and animal fats. From cereals, you can use rice, buckwheat, pearl barley.

The patient needs to observe an enhanced drinking regime in order to quickly cleanse the body of toxins. It is useful to drink sour fruit drinks from cranberries, lingonberries, green tea with lemon, fresh juices (carrot, beetroot, birch).