Compound sentence with clauses of time and place. Algorithm for knowledge of the studied material
The answers to tasks 1–24 are a word, a phrase, a number or a sequence of words, numbers. Write your answer to the right of the task number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Read the text and do tasks 1-3.
(1) The Sargasso Sea is one of the saltiest places in the Atlantic. (2) Here the surface and deep waters mix well, and the heated water from the surface descends by 400 m, warming the depths to +17°C. (H) Salinity and high temperature interfere with the development of phytoplankton, ____ zooplankton organisms that feed on unicellular algae are also few here, and the waters of the Sargasso Sea are exceptionally clear.
1
Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?
1. Due to salinity and high temperature, which prevent the development of phytoplankton, the waters of the Sargasso Sea are exceptionally transparent.
2. Since the water from the surface drops to 400 m, warming the depths, phytoplankton does not develop well in the waters of the Sargasso Sea.
3. The waters of the Sargasso Sea are exceptionally transparent due to salinity and high temperature, which hinder the development of phytoplankton.
4. There are very few organisms that feed on unicellular algae in the Sargasso Sea.
5. The waters of the Sargasso Sea are exceptionally transparent, because surface and deep waters mix well in it.
2
Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write out this word.
1. hardly
3. apparently
4. therefore
3
Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word PLACE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
PLACE, -a, pl. places, places, places, cf.
1. The space, which is occupied by someone, on which something. happening, located or where you can be located. Move from place to m. M. in the car. Put on the m. (Where it should be). Someone in place. (where necessary). Conduct to the place (to the desired point). Kill on the spot (on the spot). Don `t move! (do not move!). Working m. (place where work is done). Decide on the spot (without going anywhere). Do not find a place for yourself (trans.: to be in agitation). Someone's heart or soul is out of place. (transl.: feels restless, anxious).
2. Plot on the earth's surface, terrain (in 1 value). Picturesque places.
3. A room, a space intended for the temporary stay of someone. one. M. in the carriage, cabin. Reserved seat m. Hospital ward for four people. Suite for one m. (single). There are no vacancies (announcement in a restaurant, hotel).
4. The role assigned to someone. in some activities, as well as the position occupied by someone. among someone. M. father in the family. M. art in human life. Take the first m. in the competition.
5. Position, service. Vacant m. Search m. Be left without a place.
What-n. a certain part, a separate moment from a book, narrative, text. The most interesting m. in the play. Important places in the article. At the most interesting place (also trans.: at the most interesting moment; colloquial).
4
In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.
more beautiful
delivered
religion
5
In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
1. She took with her a DUAL feeling: she liked Ivan, and at the same time was disgusted.
2. Today these houses are outdated and need renovation.
3. For violation of the requirements of the instructions, the user bears DISCIPLINE responsibility.
4. Nikolai Sergeevich is a kind, gentle, trusting, clear and therefore close-minded person.
5. Every year FISHING is becoming more and more popular.
6
In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
apricot jam
Newest technologies
PUT on the table
over FIVE THOUSAND kilometers
7
Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| SUGGESTIONS | GRAMMATICAL ERRORS |
| A) Poetry convinces a person not only of the possibility of happiness, but also brings happiness and peace itself. | 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition |
| B) The foliage, washed with dew, pleasing to the eye with brightness, is now dimmed. | 2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate |
| C) You can still find a lot of interesting material in the Ogonyok magazine. | 3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application |
| D) Painting the tops of the trees crimson, it began to get light. | 4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members |
| E) Immediately upon arrival, I went out onto the balcony, around - the magical sea, in the distance - Ayu-Dag. | 5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover |
| 6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover | |
| 7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech |
Write your answer in numbers without spaces or other characters.
8
Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
inc..dent
set it on fire
op..treatment
ab..regen
9
Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.
pr..marine, pr..stop
and .. heal, ra .. dolie
pr .. grandmother, pr .. be silent
be..bottom, in..singing
pr..possess, pr..school
10
Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.
evasive..out
assign..vat
coat..co
wink
changeable..out
11
Write down the word in which the letter A (Z) is written in place of the gap.
they boast..
wrestling
creeping
whispering..
12
Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.
1. Nikita walked straight through the streets and (not) thinking about anything.
2. The large courtyard, (despite) the intense heat, was lively.
3. Because of the stone buildings, the sun is (not) visible.
4. Only the golden eagle and kite had (not) enemies.
5. Elk is a far (not) simple animal.
13
Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
1. Lightning killed part of the branches facing the east, but FOR (TO) the rest of the branches (STILL) bloomed and bore fruit.
2. Tula gingerbread delicious-tasty: (C) TOP crust, (C) BOTTOM crust, and sweetness in the middle.
3. During the dictation, I (C) BOKU looked at my neighbor's notebook and was horrified, BECAUSE (THAT) there was an error in each phrase.
4. They turned (TO) SIDE and walked along the mowed field either straight, then taking (TO) RIGHT.
5. The first starlings arrived and HERE (SAME), (NOT) LOOKING at fatigue after a long flight, began a busy work.
14
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
The ships that managed to take refuge in the harbor in advance (1) were pulled (2) ashore or tied (3) with double ropes to the piers, but angry (4) waves rolled here too.
15
Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1. The sun is already flooding the forest and the field and the river with its light.
2. The day ends and the sun goes down lower and lower.
3. True friendship helps a lot in sorrow and in joy.
4. The wind only rustled in the tops of the pines and swept over them.
5. Levitan hid from summer residents, yearned for a night singer and wrote sketches.
16
A large low lamp with an opaque shade (1) standing on a desk (2) illuminated only the surface of the table and half of the ceiling (3) forming a trembling round spot on it (4).
17
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentences.
Two elements - the sea and the wind (1) seemed (2) conspired to prevent me from reaching the goal. It would not have been difficult to overcome this distance in calm weather, but now it (3) seemed (4) huge.
18
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
Everyone (1) who went through the war (2) lost their best comrades (3) has a keen sense of (4) that one must live with dignity.
19
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
In ancient times there was a large swamp here (1) which then dried up (2) and overgrown (3) and now only centuries-old moss (4) small windows-wells in this moss (5) and an abundance of wild rosemary reminded of it.
20
Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.
In 1931 engineers discovered the linear accelerator.
Read the text and complete tasks 21-26.
(1) To be or to seem?
(2) This problem arises in a peculiar way in the life of people of free professions - actors, writers, musicians. (H) Many of them have for centuries been characterized by the desire to stand out, to emphasize their exclusivity, belonging to a chosen circle. (4) This is how the expressions appeared: “poetic hairstyle”, “acting physiognomy”, “artistic mess”. (5) Shoulder-length poetic curls, velvet jackets and bows of artists, musicians' hair are described in literature, depicted in paintings and photographs. (6) Ridiculed in caricatures and epigrams. (7) Fashion has changed, and with it its artistic and artistic offshoot. (8) Remember the provincial "first lover" in one of Chekhov's stories?
(9) A young man in prunel * boots and with a languid voice who boasts of his love victories?
(10) Real actors, poets, musicians do not have to worry about being recognized by the originality of their clothes and manners. (11) Such a desire is almost always a sign of internal uncertainty.
(12) The first famous writers whom I met in my youth were Mikhail Arkadyevich Svetlov, Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky, Alexander Iosifovich Roskin, Reuben Isaevich Fraerman - every personality, but what! (13) But it is in vain to try to remember how their appearance differed from the appearance of any representative of the intelligent profession of the thirties. (14) Nothing!
(15) Here is one of Svetlov's photographs on my desk. (16) He sits on the stage of the Central House of Writers on the day of his last anniversary. (17) Dark suit, inconspicuous tie, no hint of originality or foppishness.
(18) A huge showcase with pre-war photographs of writers who died on the fronts of World War II. (19) What modest suits, jackets, jackets, caps, shirts! (20) And what beautiful, outstanding faces! (21) But remember how defiantly impressive, defiantly elegant a certain writer was in Bulgakov’s unfinished Theatrical Novel and what satirical anger of the author was caused by his demonstrative foppishness and sybaritism!
(22) In the years of my pre-war students, we were not interested in how we were dressed. (23) They wore clothes from their school years, bought cheap paper sweaters, heavy leather boots or canvas shoes. (24) Many went to classes in biker ski suits - they were distinguished by shapelessness, dull colors, but great practicality.
(25) Young people, not completely indifferent to fashion, wore homemade pullovers, letting out a shirt collar over the neckline.
(26) This is how the charming young hero was dressed from the anti-fascist film based on Feuchtwanger's novel The Oppenheim Family.
(27) It seemed to us that it looked European. (28) No one has ever heard of real imported things. (29) Clothes, without further ado, were supplied by Moskvoshvey, we wore them. (30) You can read about how she looked in the feuilleton of Ilf and Petrov, “The Directive Bow”, published in those years. (31) They read, laughed, but continued to wear Moskvoshvey products, - but where can you go!
(32) Drama due to the fact that there is nothing to wear, I don’t remember among my peers. (ZZ) Until I myself first had experiences on this basis. (34) I was then a first-year student. (35) In the fall, it turned out that my coat, bought back in the eighth grade, was no longer possible to wear. (36) I received a scholarship, worked as a translator, but my contribution to the family budget was small. (37) I was ashamed to ask my parents, and even more so to demand a new coat, at the age of eighteen. (38) Mom took out dad's autumn raglan coat from camel cloth in the early twenties from the chest. (39) I was dumbfounded. (40) The coat reached my heels, was bottle green and fastened with huge bone buttons. (41) Now it would probably make fashionistas turn pale with envy.
(42) - Very impressive! - Said my aunt, who was called for a consultation, as a consolation, and went to laugh in another room. (43) I resigned myself to fate. (44) At that time we were fond of Alexander Grin. (45) Such a coat could well clothe one of his heroes. (46) Will my comrades feel this similarity? (47) Will it reconcile my girlfriend with my frightening appearance? (48) To emphasize the severe romanticism of my attire, instead of a button, I stuck the thumb of my right hand into a huge loop on the lapel, clamping the coarse fabric of the coat with the other four, walked with pointedly long steps, gloomily frowning and nervously crumpled fabric, which seemed to me as severe as my life as one of Green's heroes. (49) But none of our company appreciated this similarity. (50) Only my friend Zhenya once said when we were returning home from the institute.
From early morning the whole sky was overlaid with rain clouds; it was quiet, not hot and dull, as happens on gray overcast days, when clouds have long hung over the field, you are waiting for rain, but it is not. The veterinarian Ivan Ivanovich and the teacher of the gymnasium Burkin were already tired of walking, and the field seemed endless to them. Far ahead, the windmills of the village of Mironositsky were barely visible, on the right a row of hills stretched and then disappeared far beyond the village, and both of them knew that this was the bank of the river, there were meadows, green willows, estates, and if you stand on one of the hills, you can see from there the same vast field, the telegraph office and the train, which from afar looks like a crawling caterpillar, and in clear weather even the city can be seen from there. Now, in calm weather, when all nature seemed meek and thoughtful, Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin were imbued with love for this field, and both thought about how great, how beautiful this country is. “Last time, when we were in Prokofy's shed,” Burkin said, “you were going to tell a story. Yes, I wanted to tell you about my brother then. Ivan Ivanovich sighed and lit his pipe to begin his story, but just at that time it began to rain. And in about five minutes it was already pouring heavily, heavy rain, and it was difficult to foresee when it would end. Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin stopped in thought; the dogs, already wet, stood with their tails between their legs and looked at them with emotion. “We need to hide somewhere,” Burkin said. - Let's go to Alekhine. It's close here.- Let's go. They turned aside and walked all over the sloping field, now straight ahead, now turning to the right, until they came to the road. Soon the poplars, the garden, then the red roofs of the barns appeared; the river shone, and a view of a wide stretch with a mill and a white bath opened up. It was Sofyino, where Alekhine lived. The mill worked, drowning out the sound of the rain; the dam shook. Here, near the carts, wet horses stood with bowed heads, and people walked around, covered with sacks. It was damp, dirty, uncomfortable, and the view of the reach was cold and angry. Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin were already experiencing a feeling of sputum, uncleanness, discomfort all over their bodies, their legs were heavy with mud, and when, having passed the dam, they went up to the master's barns, they were silent, as if angry with each other. In one of the barns a winnowing machine was noisy; the door was open and dust was pouring out of it. Alekhin himself stood on the threshold, a man of about forty, tall, stout, with long hair, looking more like a professor or an artist than a landowner. He was wearing a white shirt with a rope belt that had not been washed for a long time, underpants instead of trousers, and mud and straw had also stuck to his boots. The nose and eyes were black with dust. He recognized Ivan Ivanitch and Burkin and, apparently, was very glad. “Come, gentlemen, into the house,” he said, smiling. “I am now, this minute. The house was large, two stories high. Alekhine lived downstairs, in two rooms with vaults and small windows, where clerks had once lived; the atmosphere here was simple, and there was a smell of rye bread, cheap vodka, and harness. Upstairs, in the front rooms, he rarely visited, only when guests arrived. Ivan Ivanitch and Burkin were met at the house by the maid, a young woman so beautiful that they both stopped at once and looked at each other. "You can't imagine how glad I am to see you, gentlemen," said Alekhin, following them into the hall. - I didn't expect it! Pelageya,” he turned to the maid, “let the guests change into something. By the way, I'll change my clothes. Only I must first go to wash, otherwise I seem to have not washed since spring. Would you like to go to the bath, gentlemen, and then they will cook it. Beautiful Pelageya, so delicate and seemingly so soft, brought sheets and soap, and Alekhin and the guests went to the bath. “Yes, I haven’t washed in a long time,” he said, undressing. - My bath, as you can see, is good, my father was still building, but somehow there is no time to wash. He sat down on the step and lathered his long hair and neck, and the water around him turned brown. "Yes, I confess..." Ivan Ivanovich said significantly, looking at his head. "I haven't washed in a long time..." Alekhine repeated embarrassingly and lathered himself again, and the water around him turned dark blue, like ink. Ivan Ivanovich went out, threw himself into the water with a noise and swam in the rain, waving his arms widely, and waves came from him, and white lilies swayed on the waves; he swam to the very middle of the reach and dived, and a minute later he appeared in another place and swam further, and kept diving, trying to reach the bottom. “Oh, my God…” he repeated, enjoying himself. “Ah, my God...” He swam to the mill, talked about something with the peasants there and turned back, and lay down in the middle of the stretch, exposing his face to the rain. Burkin and Alekhin had already dressed and were about to leave, but he kept swimming and diving. “Oh, my God…” he said. “Ah, Lord have mercy. - You will! Burkin called to him. We returned to the house. And only when a lamp was lit in the large living room upstairs, and Burkin and Ivan Ivanovich, dressed in silk dressing gowns and warm shoes, sat in armchairs, and Alekhine himself, washed, combed, in a new frock coat, walked around the living room, apparently feeling the warmth with pleasure cleanliness, dry dress, light shoes, and when the beautiful Pelageya, silently stepping on the carpet and smiling softly, served tea and jam on a tray, only then did Ivan Ivanovich begin the story, and it seemed that not only Burkin and Alekhin were listening to him, but also old and young ladies and soldiers, looking calmly and sternly out of golden frames. “We are two brothers,” he began, “I, Ivan Ivanovich, and the other, Nikolai Ivanovich, is two years younger. I went to the scientific department, became a veterinarian, and Nikolai had been sitting in the state chamber since the age of nineteen. Our father Chimsha-Himalayan was from the cantonists, but, having served the rank of officer, he left us a hereditary nobility and a small estate. After his death, our little estate was taken away for debts, but, be that as it may, we spent our childhood in the countryside in the wild. We, all the same, like peasant children, spent days and nights in the field, in the forest, guarding the horses, fighting the bast, catching fish, and so on ... Do you know who at least once in their life caught a ruff or saw migratory thrushes in the fall how on clear, cool days they rush in flocks over the village, he is no longer a city dweller, and will be sipped at will until his death. My brother yearned in the Treasury. Years passed, and he still sat in one place, wrote all the same papers and thought about the same thing, as if in a village. And this melancholy in him little by little turned into a certain desire, into a dream of buying himself a small estate somewhere on the banks of a river or lake. He was a kind, meek man, I loved him, but I never sympathized with this desire to lock myself up for life in my own estate. It is customary to say that a person needs only three arshins of earth. But a corpse needs three arshins, not a man. And they also say now that if our intelligentsia has a gravitation towards the earth and strives for estates, then this is good. But these estates are the same three arshins of land. To leave the city, from the struggle, from the noise of life, to leave and hide in one's estate - this is not life, this is selfishness, laziness, this is a kind of monasticism, but monasticism without achievement. A person needs not three arshins of land, not a farmstead, but the whole globe, all nature, where in the open space he could manifest all the properties and characteristics of his free spirit. My brother Nikolai, sitting in his office, dreamed of how he would eat his own cabbage soup, from which there is such a delicious smell throughout the yard, eat on green grass, sleep in the sun, sit for hours outside the gate on a bench and look at the field and forest. Agricultural books and all these advices in calendars were his joy, his favorite spiritual food; he also liked to read newspapers, but in them he only read advertisements that so many acres of arable land and meadows with an estate, a river, a garden, a mill, and flowing ponds were being sold. And paths in the garden were drawn in his head, flowers, fruits, birdhouses, crucian carp in the ponds, and, you know, all this stuff. These imaginary pictures were different, depending on the advertisements that came across to him, but for some reason in each of them there was always a gooseberry. He could not imagine a single estate, a single poetic corner without gooseberries. “Country life has its conveniences,” he used to say. - You sit on the balcony, drink tea, and your ducks swim on the pond, it smells so good and ... and gooseberries grow. He drew a plan of his estate, and every time he got the same thing on the plan: a) a manor's house, b) a man's house, c) a vegetable garden, d) a gooseberry. He lived sparingly: he did not eat, did not drink enough, dressed God knows how, like a beggar, and saved everything and put it in the bank. Terribly thirsty. It hurt me to look at him, and I gave him something and sent it on holidays, but he hid that too. If a person has given himself an idea, then nothing can be done. Years passed, he was transferred to another province, he was already forty years old, and he kept reading advertisements in newspapers and saving up. Then, I hear, he got married. All with the same purpose, in order to buy himself a manor with gooseberries, he married an old, ugly widow, without any feeling, but only because she had some money. He also lived sparingly with her, kept her from hand to mouth, and put her money in a bank in his name. She used to go to the postmaster and got used to pies and liqueurs with him, but she didn’t see enough black bread with her second husband; she began to wither away from such a life, and after three years she took and gave her soul to God. And of course my brother did not think for a single minute that he was to blame for her death. Money, like vodka, makes a person weird. A merchant was dying in our town. Before his death, he ordered a plate of honey to be served to him and ate all his money and winning tickets along with honey so that no one would get it. Once at the station I was inspecting the herds, and at that time one horse-dealer fell under a locomotive and his leg was cut off. We carry him to the emergency room, the blood is pouring - a terrible thing, but he keeps asking for his leg to be found, and everything is worried; in a boot on a cut off leg twenty rubles, no matter how lost. "You're from another opera," said Burkin. “After the death of his wife,” continued Ivan Ivanovich, after thinking for half a minute, “my brother began to look out for an estate. Of course, look out for at least five years, but in the end you will make a mistake and buy something completely different from what you dreamed about. Brother Nikolai, through a commission agent, with the transfer of a debt, bought one hundred and twelve acres with a manor house, with a people's house, with a park, but no orchard, no gooseberries, no ponds with ducks; there was a river, but the water in it was the color of coffee, because there was a brick factory on one side of the estate, and a bone factory on the other. But my Nikolai Ivanovich did not grieve a little; he ordered twenty gooseberry bushes for himself, planted and lived as a landowner. Last year I went to visit him. I'll go, I think, I'll see how and what's there. In his letters, the brother called his estate like this: Chumbaroklova Wasteland, Himalayan identity. I arrived at Himalayan Identity in the afternoon. It was hot. Everywhere there are ditches, fences, hedges, planted with rows of Christmas trees - and you don’t know how to get into the yard, where to put the horse. I go to the house, and towards me is a red dog, fat, like a pig. She wants to bark, but laziness. The cook came out of the kitchen, bare-legged, fat, also like a pig, and said that the master was resting after dinner. I go in to my brother, he is sitting in bed, his knees are covered with a blanket; aged, stout, flabby; cheeks, nose and lips stretch forward - just look, grunts into the blanket. We embraced and wept for joy and for the sad thought that once we were young, and now both are gray-haired and it's time to die. He dressed and took me to show his estate. - Well, how are you doing here? I asked. - Nothing, thank God, I live well. This was no longer the former timid poor official, but a real landowner, a gentleman. He had already settled down here, got used to it and got a taste for it; he ate a lot, washed in the bathhouse, grew stout, was already suing society and both factories, and was very offended when the peasants did not call him "your honor." And he took care of his soul solidly, in a lordly way, and did good deeds not simply, but with importance. What are good deeds? He treated the peasants for all diseases with soda and castor oil, and on the day of his name day he served a thanksgiving service among the village, and then put half a bucket, he thought that it was necessary. Ah, those awful half-buckets! Today the fat landowner drags the peasants to the zemstvo chief for poisoning, and tomorrow, on a solemn day, he gives them half a bucket, and they drink and shout hurray, and the drunks bow at his feet. A change of life for the better, satiety, idleness develop in a Russian person self-conceit, the most arrogant. Nikolai Ivanovich, who at one time in the Treasury was afraid to have his own views even for himself personally, now spoke nothing but the truth, and in such a tone, like a minister: “Education is necessary, but for the people it is premature”, “corporal punishment is generally harmful, but in some cases they are useful and irreplaceable.” “I know the people and know how to deal with them,” he said. “People love me. I have only to lift a finger, and for me the people will do whatever they want. And all this, mind you, was said with a clever, kind smile. He repeated twenty times: "we, the nobles", "I, like a nobleman"; obviously, he no longer remembered that our grandfather was a peasant, and his father was a soldier. Even our surname Chimsha-Himalayan, in essence incongruous, now seemed to him sonorous, noble and very pleasant. But it's not about him, it's about me. I want to tell you what a change took place in me during those few hours while I was at his estate. In the evening, when we were drinking tea, the cook brought a plate full of gooseberries to the table. It was not bought, but his own gooseberries, harvested for the first time since the bushes had been planted. Nikolai Ivanovich laughed and looked at the gooseberries for a minute, silently, with tears - he could not speak for excitement, then he put one berry in his mouth, looked at me with the triumph of a child who had finally received his favorite toy, and said:— How delicious! And he ate greedily and kept repeating: - Oh, how delicious! You try! It was tough and sour, but, as Pushkin said, "the darkness of truth is dearer to us than the uplifting deceit." I saw a happy man, whose cherished dream came true so obviously, who achieved the goal in life, got what he wanted, who was satisfied with his fate, with himself. For some reason, something sad was always mixed with my thoughts about human happiness, but now, at the sight of a happy person, I was seized by a heavy feeling, close to despair. It was especially hard at night. They made a bed for me in the room next to my brother's bedroom, and I could hear how he did not sleep and how he got up and went to a plate of gooseberries and took a berry. I thought: how, in fact, there are many satisfied, happy people! What an overwhelming power! Look at this life: the impudence and idleness of the strong, the ignorance and bestiality of the weak, impossible poverty all around, cramped conditions, degeneration, drunkenness, hypocrisy, lies... Meanwhile, in all the houses and on the streets, there is silence and calmness; out of fifty thousand people living in the city, not one who would cry out, loudly indignant. We see those who go to the market for provisions, eat during the day, sleep at night, who talk their nonsense, get married, grow old, complacently drag their dead to the cemetery, but we we do not see and do not hear those who suffer, and what is terrible in life happens somewhere behind the scenes. Everything is quiet, calm, and only dumb statistics protest: so many went crazy, so many buckets were drunk, so many children died from malnutrition ... And such an order is obviously needed; Obviously, the happy one feels good only because the unfortunate bear their burden in silence, and without this silence, happiness would be impossible. This is general hypnosis. It is necessary that behind the door of every contented, happy person someone stands with a hammer and constantly reminds by knocking that there are unfortunate people, that no matter how happy he is, sooner or later life will show him its claws, trouble will strike - illness, poverty, loss, and no one will see or hear him, just as now he does not see or hear others. But there is no man with a hammer, the happy one lives for himself, and the petty cares of life excite him slightly, like the wind does the aspen - and everything is going well. “That night it became clear to me how pleased and happy I was, too,” continued Ivan Ivanovich, getting up. - I also taught at dinner and on the hunt how to live, how to believe, how to rule the people. I also said that learning is light, that education is necessary, but for ordinary people one letter is enough for the time being. Freedom is a blessing, I said, it is impossible without it, as without air, but we must wait. Yes, I said so, and now I ask: in the name of what to wait? Ivan Ivanovich asked, looking angrily at Burkin. What are you waiting for, I ask you? For what reasons? I am told that not everything happens all at once, every idea is realized in life gradually, in due time. But who is saying this? Where is the evidence that this is true? You are referring to the natural order of things, to the legitimacy of phenomena, but is there any order and legitimacy in the fact that I, a living, thinking person, stand over a moat and wait for it to overgrow itself or cover it with silt, while, perhaps, , could I jump over it or build a bridge over it? And again, in the name of what to wait? Wait when there is no strength to live, but meanwhile you need to live and want to live! I then left my brother early in the morning, and since then it has become unbearable for me to be in the city. Silence and tranquility oppress me, I am afraid to look at the windows, because now there is no more difficult sight for me than a happy family sitting around the table and drinking tea. I am already old and not fit to fight, I am unable even to hate. I only grieve sincerely, I get irritated, annoyed, at night my head burns from the influx of thoughts, and I cannot sleep ... Ah, if only I were young! Ivan Ivanitch paced from corner to corner in agitation and repeated: - If only I were young! He suddenly went up to Alekhine and began to shake him first one hand, then the other. "Pavel Konstantinovich," he said in an imploring voice, "don't calm down, don't let yourself be put to sleep!" While you are young, strong, cheerful, do not get tired of doing good! Happiness does not and should not exist, and if there is a meaning and purpose in life, then this meaning and purpose is not at all in our happiness, but in something more reasonable and greater. Do good! And Ivan Ivanovich said all this with a pitiful, begging smile, as if asking for it personally. Then all three sat in armchairs at different ends of the living room, and were silent. Ivan Ivanovich's story did not satisfy either Burkin or Alekhine. When the generals and ladies looked out of the golden frames, who seemed alive in the twilight, it was boring to listen to the story about the poor official who ate gooseberries. For some reason, I wanted to talk and listen about elegant people, about women. And the fact that they were sitting in the living room, where everything - a chandelier in a case, and armchairs, and carpets under their feet, said that they once walked here, sat, drank tea, these same people who now looked out of the frames, and then that the beautiful Pelageya was now walking silently here - it was better than any stories. Alekhine was very sleepy; he got up early to do chores, at three o'clock in the morning, and now his eyes were closed, but he was afraid that the guests would not begin to tell something interesting without him, and did not leave. Whether it was clever, whether what Ivan Ivanovich had just said was fair, he did not delve into it; the guests were not talking about cereals, not about hay, not about tar, but about something that had no direct relation to his life, and he was glad and wanted them to continue ... "But it's time for bed," said Burkin, getting up. “Let me wish you good night. Alekhin said goodbye and went downstairs to his room, while the guests remained upstairs. They were both given a large room for the night, where there were two old wooden beds with carved decorations and an ivory crucifix in the corner; from their beds, wide, cool, which were made by the beautiful Pelageya, there was a pleasant smell of fresh linen. Ivan Ivanovich silently undressed and lay down. Lord, forgive us sinners! he said and covered his head. From his pipe, lying on the table, there was a strong smell of tobacco fumes, and Burkin did not sleep for a long time and still could not understand where this heavy smell came from. The rain pounded on the windows all night.Question: Write complex sentences. 1 The passenger hurriedly got out of the car,..... .2...., the sun was setting, and its last rays gilded the tops of the trees.3 The tourists got up at dawn,... .4 The guys went down the steep slope to the river,. .. . 5 .... fields, forests and copses flickered outside the windows. 6 They turned aside and walked across a mowed field,.... . 7 It was a sad August night, sad because ... .
Write complex sentences. 1 The passenger hurriedly got out of the car,..... .2...., the sun was setting, and its last rays gilded the tops of the trees.3 The tourists got up at dawn,... .4 The guys went down the steep slope to the river,. .. . 5 .... fields, forests and copses flickered outside the windows. 6 They turned aside and walked across a mowed field,.... . 7 It was a sad August night, sad because ... .
Answers:
1. ... to catch your scheduled bus. 2. When we left the house on the street,... 3. ...because we started climbing the mountain in the late evening. or: ... to watch the amazingly beautiful sunrise over the red sea 4. ... to swim and quench your thirst 5. When my dad and I were driving home from the resort,... 6. ..., because on the other road it was muddy and the grass was not cut 7. ... that the end of summer was getting closer
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In a complex sentence with a clause of time, the clause indicates the duration of the action in the main clause and answers questions when? how long? since when? How long?
In a complex sentence with a clause of place, the clause indicates the place (space) where what is said in the main clause takes place. Adventitious places answer questions where? where? where?
Put questions to the underlined clauses of time and place.
- 1. It was already getting dark when we arrived home.
2. As soon as dad left, I quickly dressed in a student frock coat and came.
3. And now, when I entered the room, Karl Ivanovich looked at me frowningly and again set to work.
4. Since I can remember myself, I also remember Natalya Savishna.
5. In a minute you will forget and sleep until you wake up. (According to L. Tolstoy.)
6. They turned aside and walked along the mowed meadow until they came to the road. (A. Chekhov.) - 1. The reddish stripe brightened a little where the sun had set. (V. Arseniev.)
2. The purple, dark and gentle sky beckoned to where it touched the edge of the dark green meadows. (M. Gorky.)
3. From where the wind blows, clouds float from there.
124. Read. Ask questions about adverbial tenses. Write off. Enclose temporary unions in an oval; remember how they are spelled.
1. Arriving home, when it was already roaring, Meshkov found Volodya alone. 2. Before taking the violin, he rolled up the sleeves of his shirt, exposed his chest and stood at the window. 3. Until you (not) recognize (?) grief, (do not) become (?) an adult. 4. I saw you perfectly..la, while you were standing behind the crowd. 5. Everyone has been looking at the door, left (n, nn) th (half) open, since Lisa came. 6. When Mercury Avdeevich approached the boulevard, the alley was empty. 7. She s .. worked on the bed .. until ra (s, ss) vet (not) read .. rotted even little .. nechki in the crevices became .. n.
(K. Fedin.)
125. Read. Ask questions to the adjectives of the place. Write off. Underline allied words as members of the sentence. Check with icon X demonstrative words, which include subordinate clauses.
- Where the wind comes from, where the happiness comes from.
- Where a horse with a hoof, there is a cancer with a claw.
- Where it is thin, it breaks there.
- Where there is love and advice, there is no grief.
126. Write off. In complex sentences, after the main clause, put a question to the subordinate clause and determine its type. Fill in the missing commas. In simple sentences, use conditionals to underline the circumstances of the place.
1. Once, most often in the studio (n, nn) night (?), the river stopped-va..tsya. And where she angrily piled up ice floes, we remain a heap of t.. dews. 2. I kept looking at the field opening in front of me and trying to remember where else I saw him?<...>Ah, I remembered. I saw the same (same) field, only with yellow bread, in the picture of a school teacher. 3. Where the water bored out in a tight snake ball and boiled, there was still a dark, furious window of still (not) frozen water. 4. Above the cliff where there were already (no) trees, only meadowsweet acacia thorns and broods of mountain turnips, I stopped. 5. It is bad in our mountainous places with hay .. stagnant lands.<...>And in such a place from where it is handy to lower the hay in winter, only desperate (n, nn) men on no less desperate (n, nn) and wild horses were considered successful mowing. 6. Where will they send you to work? 7. Many times, from different places, I looked to where the Yenisei and Manna merge.
(According to V. Astafiev.)
127. Read. Define the type of texts. Choose one common title for two passages. State the main idea of the first paragraph. With the help of what complex sentences is the careful attitude to the memory of A. S. Pushkin described?
Which complex sentences in the second passage show the destructive course of time for nature?
Write with missing punctuation marks. Unions or allied words connect subordinate clauses with main clauses in complex sentences? Show it graphically.
I. Pushkin's house in Mikhailovsky, though a museum, is alive. It is filled with warmth, friendly and light..l. And he lives in complete harmony with nature. When in the groves flowers ..there are pine fragrant pollen oblast ..com stands above the house. And when s..ren is blooming on the curtains. In every corner of it there are always fresh flowers. They (not) only gather (n, n)s into large lush bouquets, as they did. .s (c) old but also simply ra (s, ss) placed in suitable places. When the mustache ..be blooming .. lindens melt then the house is impregnated .. zap .. hami wax and honey.
II. After Pushkin's life, much has changed in Trigorsky. A small coquettish birch has now become an old decrepit tree. The once young lindens of Kern Alley pr. Por..deed Hannibal Spruce Alley. Time un..slo much. There was also a change in tree species. Where the birch trees and linden groves rustled, so the spruce forest, aspen, alder, grew. Where chestnuts bloomed now meadow grasses. A lot has changed..
(According to S. Geichenko.)
128. Time can be expressed in various syntactic means. Rearrange each sentence using different syntactic means to express time.
Sample:
1. With the onset of evening, the temperature dropped sharply. - Evening came, and the temperature dropped sharply.- Barely evening came, the temperature dropped sharply.
2. Arriving home, I immediately joined those who watched the TV show.- When I came home, then I immediately joined those who watched the TV show. - I came home and immediately joined the people who watched the TV show.
1. With the advent of the new tren..ra, training has become much more interesting. 2. After the construction .. of the bridge across the ravine, young people from the most remote .. lenny streets began to enter the stadium. 3. When preparing to read (by heart), think more about the appropriate intonation of the main idea of the statement. 4. The director of the school, talking with the director (with, ss) of the local theater, pr .. told the troupe to give a few performances for the students.
129. Compose complex sentences according to the schemes with subordinate clauses of place and time.
130. Make four complex sentences with subordinate clauses (or a connected text that includes these sentences) on the topic "I travel ...".
Possible start (for coherent text):
More than once in my imagination I traveled to different countries. I flew there by plane...