Amazing things about the senses. Interesting facts about human language (15 photos) Ears and hearing

We all know what language is for. Without the participation of this organ, it is impossible to swallow or say anything, and only thanks to its receptors a person is able to sense the taste of food. However, the language also has a number of features that many have never heard of. And these features are unique in their kind. Thus, the tongue can even “tell” about a particular disease that has “settled” in the body of its owner, that is, it serves as a kind of indicator of health. Our portal will tell you about this and other interesting facts about human language.

The most interesting facts about human language: everything you didn’t know

The human body is an amazing mechanism created by nature, which is why it has been a constant subject of study for decades. “Getting to know” the tongue is just as entertaining as learning about other important organs.

The muscular organ in our mouth does a lot important functions. And this is, in fact, a very amazing organ.

1. It turns out that the tongue is able to recognize 6 tastes: in addition to the well-known four, the 5th taste, umami (from Japanese - pleasant, appetizing) and the 6th - starchy, were recently discovered. Both tastes stand out as independent and independent of the others, with the 5th being the taste of high-protein substances. And American scientists have discovered another new taste category - the 6th in a row: the starchy taste is described as flour or rice, it is found in polysaccharide- and starch-containing products.
2. In general, the tongue is the only muscle in the body that can recognize tastes: there are 10 thousand taste buds on it (2 thousand of them are under the tongue, the rest are on the palate, the inner surface of the cheeks, and lips). How exactly do we taste each taste? Thus, sour is “recognized” by the lateral surfaces of the tongue, sweet and salty by the tip of the tongue, and its base “recognizes” bitter taste.
3. Taste receptors located on the tongue are essential for human survival. They played a very important role during evolution important role. After all, the sense of taste protected people from poisoning and, in general, served as a check for everything eaten. Thus, bitter and sour tastes could “signal” about poisonous plants or spoiled food. Sweet taste receptors allowed our ancestors to identify the sweetest, and therefore energy-rich fruits, etc.
4. But to detect taste, our tongue needs to be wet. In other words, the taste of food can be determined by this organ only in the presence of saliva. If you place, for example, a piece of lemon on a dry tongue, the brain will not receive any signal about the taste of the fruit.
5. The tongue also gets thicker, and its imprint is unique.

The tongue contains fat, and if a person is burdened with extra pounds, then his tongue also becomes fat.

And this organ is unique to each of us, like fingerprints on our hands. Firstly, its shape is unique, and secondly, the number of taste buds on it is also different for everyone. Scientists claim that this property of language can serve as a wonderful and very reliable tool in identifying a person. There really is a rational grain in such a belief, because the tongue is hidden in the oral cavity and it is not easy to fake it in any way, even if possible.

In addition, our tongue is the most flexible, strongest and most sensitive muscle in the body. And it is attached only on one side, unlike all other muscles, which are attached bilaterally.

And by the color of the tongue (if it is not pink, and this is the norm), you can determine more than a dozen pathological conditions and diseases: from vitamin B12 deficiency to gangrenous ulcers.

Keeping abreast of events and improving the quality of knowledge about our body and its functions today is increasingly becoming an urgent need. Our portal hopes that you have learned a lot of interesting things from the above information.

The tongue is a very useful organ and not only for chattering. It turns out that our muscular organ, which is located in the mouth (and the tongue is exactly that), can surprise us with some facts about itself.

What is language?

The tongue is a muscular organ that consists of 16 muscles, covered with a mucous membrane. When a person sleeps, his tongue is still in constant motion, and blood vessels penetrate its entire thickness.

What's on the tongue?

Our tongue is able to distinguish tastes, thanks to which we can enjoy food, and taste buds help it in this: filiform ones are responsible for tactile receptors and touch; mushroom-shaped help to distinguish salty taste; leaf-shaped - sour. Also on the tongue there are ridge-shaped papillae, which are responsible for taste.

Newborn's tongue

The tongue is simply a vital organ for a baby, because with its help babies can suck milk. By the way, it’s interesting that newborns can do something that no adult can do: they can suck, swallow and breathe at the same time.

How do we distinguish tastes?

The tongue contains taste buds that send a signal to the brain as soon as food hits them. Thanks to this collaboration between the tongue and the brain, we taste food. Women, by the way, are luckier than men. They have more papillae, which allows them to distinguish more shades of taste.

Feeling hungry

It turns out that the more papillae on the surface of the tongue, the less often a person is visited by the feeling of hunger. If there are few papillae, then a person constantly wants to eat due to the fact that he does not perceive the taste of food well.

Language protects us from danger

It is thanks to the ability to sense tastes that our tongue helps us to be selective in the choice of food, rejecting what is expired and unfit for consumption, protecting us from poisoning.

The tongue is involved in digestion

As soon as solid food reaches our tongue, the glands of the papillae begin to dissolve it.

Tongue is an indicator of health

The color of the tongue can say a lot about a person's health. A pink, coat-free tongue indicates well-being in the digestive system.

We receive information about the world around us through many channels provided by our senses. Vision, hearing, smell, touch, taste... It is the combination of all these information channels that provides us with the most complete picture of the world.

Facts about the human senses.

1. People receive information about the surrounding space using six senses: ears, eyes, skin, tongue, nose and vestibular system. The data received by each of them enters the nervous system.
2. More than half of the world's inhabitants have diseases associated with the organs of vision.
3. It is believed that overeating negatively affects hearing.
4. People feel the taste of solid food only after it interacts with saliva.
5. Women distinguish shades of odors better than men. In addition, the fair half of humanity hears much better than their defenders.
6. Approximately 2% of the world's population has no sense of smell.
7. Human memory is capable of storing memories of approximately 50 thousand aromas.
8. Loud noise provokes dilation of the pupils.
9. Each person has his own, unique smell - based on it, babies unmistakably identify their mother, and adults can find a suitable partner for them.
10. Dogs' sense of smell is almost a million times stronger than that of humans ().
11. The ears are not only an organ of hearing, but also an important element of the vestibular system - simply, they help a person maintain balance.
12. A noise level of 45-50 decibels is considered favorable for human hearing - at this volume calm conversations are conducted. Any sounds above this limit negatively affect the human body, including the immune system.
13. The popular belief about the benefits of carrots for vision is not entirely true - orange fruits do contain a lot of vitamin A, which is beneficial for the eyes, but eating carrots and excellent vision are not directly related.
14. Most children are born with gray-blue eyes, which only after 2 years acquire their original shade.
15. Most rare color People's eyes are green (only 2% of the Earth's inhabitants are green-eyed).
16. All blue-eyed people descended from one ancestor, in whose body a mutated gene arose about 6,000 years ago.
17. Approximately 1% of people have different color irises of each eye.
18. Human eyes can distinguish up to 10 million color variations.
19. Perfume that a person cannot smell is considered ideal for a person.
20. The pattern of each person's iris is no less unique than fingerprints or the shape of the ears.
21. The human brain takes time to process signals from the senses, so everything that people feel at a certain moment actually refers to a previous moment in their life. The perception delay is about 100 milliseconds, but the brain somehow manages to compensate for it - the essence of this mechanism is not yet clear to scientists.
22. Signals from different senses enter the brain at different speeds, so that the brain then creates a single picture from them.
23. Scary events are sometimes perceived by people as if they were in slow motion, when in fact frightening events are simply recorded in more detail by the brain.
24. People who are blind from birth and only become sighted at a conscious age can perceive many things with distortion - since their brain does not know how to manage information that is unusual for it, former blind people see people moving away from them as figures decreasing in size.
25. If you spend some time wearing glasses that turn space upside down, the brain adapts to this image. When a person takes off his glasses, the world will seem upside down for some time.

From this article you will learn interesting things about the sense organs and which sense organ a person cannot live without.

Interesting facts about the senses

The receptors that are responsible for the organs of touch are located not only in the skin, but also in the joints, mucous membranes and muscles.

If you touch your hands, then blood pressure person decreases, and heart rate decreases.

Weight skin makes up 15% of body weight.

If a child is born ahead of schedule, pet every day, he will gain weight 55% faster than a child who was not touched.

There are from 50 to 100 taste receptors on the tongue.

The so-called Magic Fruit grows in West Africa, and if you taste it, all sour foods (such as lemons) will taste sweet.

Taste buds last about a week, after which they are renewed.

The nose grows throughout life. And ears too.

There are 14 nose shapes in the world, but the most common is the fleshy nose.

The very first sign of human aging is the drooping of the tip of the nose due to collagen breakdown and gravity.

From birth, a person has 12 million olfactory receptors. But with age there are fewer of them, so older people are much less able to distinguish odors.

In women, peripheral vision is better developed than in men.

The eye can distinguish about 500 shades of gray.

The iris of the eye is individual for each person. It can be used for personal identification in the same way as fingerprints.

Incredible facts

Taste is not only one of the most pleasant, but also a rather complex sensation that science is only beginning to understand.

Here are a few amazing facts about your ability to taste.

Sensations of taste

1. Each of us different quantities taste buds

We have several thousand taste buds in our mouths, but this number varies from person to person. different people from 2000 to 10,000. Taste buds are located not only on the tongue, but also on the palate and walls of the mouth, throat and esophagus. As you age, your taste buds become less sensitive, which likely explains why foods you disliked as a child become palatable as an adult.

2. You taste with your brain.

When you bite into a piece of pie, your mouth feels like it's filled with flavor sensations. But most of these sensations originate in your brain.

Cranial nerves and taste buds send food molecules to the olfactory nerve endings in the nose. These molecules send signals to an area of ​​the brain known as the primary taste cortex.

These messages, combined with odor messages, produce the sensation of taste.

Why do people taste the same taste differently?

Why

Loss of taste

3. You can't taste well if you can't smell.

Most of the sensations of taste are smells transmitted to the smell receptors in your brain. Inability to smell due to colds, smoking, some side effects medications can affect the smell receptors in the brain, making it difficult for you to taste.

4. Sweet foods make meals memorable.

A new study has found that centers associated with episodic memory in the brain are activated when we eat sweets. Episodic memory is a type of memory that helps you remember what you experienced at a certain time in a certain place. Episodic memory may help control eating behavior, for example, making decisions based on memories of what and when we eat.

5. Taste can be turned off

Scientists have learned to stimulate and silence neurons in the brain responsible for the basic taste sensations: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. For example, in an experiment on mice, when they stimulated bitter taste, the mice winced.

6. You can change your taste sensations yourself

Taste buds are sensitive to certain compounds in foods and medications, which can alter your ability to perceive basic taste sensations.

So for example, sodium lauryl sulfate in most toothpastes, it temporarily suppresses sweetness receptors, which is why orange juice, drunk immediately after brushing your teeth, will taste unsweetened lemon juice. Also, the compound cynarin in artichokes can temporarily block sweet receptors.

Taste perception

7. The smell of ham makes food taste salty.

There is an entire industry dedicated to making the food you buy in the store taste like. The phenomenon of “phantom aroma” causes us to associate foods with a certain taste. So, for example, adding the smell of ham to food will make your brain perceive it as saltier than it actually is, since we associate ham with salt. And by adding vanilla to food, you will perceive the product as sweeter.

8. We prefer spicy food while flying.

A noisy environment, such as when you're on an airplane, can change your sense of taste. The study showed that on an airplane, people's sweet receptors are suppressed and the receptors for the "fifth taste" - umami - are enhanced. For this reason, it is more common to order food with strong flavors on an airplane. German airline Lufthansa has confirmed that passengers are ordering tomato juice as often as beer.

9. If you're a picky eater, you might be a "supertaster."

If you can't stand the taste of eggplant or are sensitive to even the slightest presence of onions in your food, you may be one of the 25 percent of people called "supertasters," who have more taste buds on their tongues, resulting in increased taste sensitivity.