Find out why the world exists at all. The project of the lesson on the world around "Why do we need life experience?"
municipal competition
educational - research work and projects of students in grades 1-4
Direction - the world around
Job title
Why you need to wash your hands
Introduction
1. Why this topic was chosen. Its relevance.
2. The purpose of the study.
3. Tasks of the study.
4. What hypotheses were tested
5.Methods and means of research.
Main part.
6. Research results.
Theoretical part.
Practical part.
Questioning.
Conclusion (conclusions)
7. Conclusions on the results of the study.
8. Prospects for this study
9. Bibliographic list.
10. Applications.
Research work "Why you need to wash your hands."
Introduction.
From early childhood we are taught by adults: “Wash your hands! Wash your hands with soap!”
Why do they need to be washed? What happens if you do not wash your hands at all or wash them just like that, without soap. I decided to find out more about this. So I have chosen subject research work - "Why do you need to wash your hands?" Since the health of a child is always of great importance and value for parents and society, my research work is relevant.
Purpose of my research: find out why we wash our hands, how often we need to wash them, what will happen if we don’t wash them, and how important hygiene is for a person.
In my work, I must:
Clarify that dirty hands can make you sick and why you need to follow the rules of hygiene.
To prove experimentally the presence of living microbes on the hands.
To process the results of the survey on what children know about diseases of dirty hands.
I have been nominated hypotheses:
Do you really need to wash your hands with soap and follow the rules of personal hygiene so as not to get sick.
In the process of working on the topic, I used theoretical and practical methods research. It was a method of talking with a doctor, with my mother, from whom I learned that the more often you wash your hands, the less often you get sick, how to properly wash your hands and follow the rules of personal hygiene. It was a theoretical method.
By experimental method, I tried to prove that dirty hands contain a large number of microorganisms that can lead to various diseases.
Main part.
To prevent infectious diseases, they used fumigation with wormwood and other herbs, burned clothes and buildings after the death of patients, and organized outposts to limit the movement of the population during epidemics. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, a document is created that gives instructions on maintaining cleanliness in dwellings, washing dishes and eating rules. In the 16th century, the first textbooks for children (alphabetics) appeared in the Moscow state, in which advice on personal hygiene was given. In the 19th century, people learned about microorganisms that cause contagious, i.e. infectious diseases. And immediately began the search for means that can protect people from them.
Dirty hands can bring typhoid, dysentery or salmonella bacteria into the mouth, which are called “dirty hand diseases”.
During a conversation with paramedic Svetlana Fedorovna, I learned that one of the most common diseases in children is intestinal infections. Infectious infection can be picked up through unwashed hands. This is especially true for children who strive to put a finger in their mouth. So with food, microbes enter the stomach, then into the intestines and there they begin to multiply intensively. The cause of the disease are toxins that secrete pathogens. The result is an upset of the gastrointestinal tract.
The number of causative agents of acute intestinal infections is very large - these are various bacteria, microorganisms. (Appendix 1)
Many of the microorganisms cause acute intestinal infections.
The spread of the flu can be reduced by 50 percent with regular hand hygiene and protective masks.
Mandatory observance of personal hygiene is the main protector of the human body.
The theoretical significance of my work lies in the fact that, based on the study of the topic “Why you need to wash your hands,” I raised this issue at school. And primary school students realized how important it is to observe the rules of personal hygiene.
There are rules for washing hands that must be followed.
Never eat outside because you can't wash your hands there.
Wash your hands after using the toilet.
Be sure to wash your hands before eating.
After blowing your nose, and after coughing or sneezing with your hand covering your mouth and nose.
Wash your hands with soap after touching animals.
So, the first hypothesis put forward by me: you need to wash your hands and follow the rules of personal hygiene in order not to get sick, was confirmed:
Hypothesis No. 2: Do dirty hands contain live microorganisms that can lead to disease.
Many people think that most diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets, and not through touch. But it's not. We will try to investigate the washings of dirty hands, prove the presence of microorganisms on our hands and how to try to make our hands cleaner.
I decided to check whether it is true that there are no germs left on the hands after washing. Conducted research (Appendix)
I found out that by using soap and water, we only wash dirt, dust off our hands, and our hands become cleaner. However, we cannot kill all microbes with our hands, and this is not necessary. Nature endowed the human body with immunity, i.e. immunity to infectious diseases, but this state is not unlimited and depends on the general condition, attitude towards one's health, and the level of self-discipline.
So, the second hypothesis: whether dirty hands contain live microorganisms that can lead to diseases, was also confirmed.
The practical significance of my research lies in the fact that the work can be used in the school course "The World Around" in the topic "Why you need to brush your teeth and wash your hands."
I compiled a questionnaire (Appendix) on the topic “Why do we wash our hands?” and decided to find out how the primary school students of our school would answer this question. 25 people took part in the survey. I collected and analyzed the data. The results are shown in the diagram. (Appendix 5).
Conclusions on the results of the study.
1. Washing your hands is the best way to protect yourself from contact-borne diseases.
2. Wash your hands under running water for at least 30 seconds, and preferably a minute. Only in this way can it be guaranteed that the majority of harmful microorganisms will be washed away.
3. Almost half of primary school students wash their hands without thinking about why they do it, but simply because adults tell them to. Therefore, the topic I have chosen once again proves its relevance and necessity. And in the future, I plan to consider in more detail which microbes and viruses affect various diseases.
Bibliographic list.
N. Korostelev. 50 health lessons for big and small. Moscow. 1991.
B.V. Petrovsky, "Popular Medical Encyclopedia", M., 1987.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
A.A. Pleshakov. The world. Moscow "Enlightenment" 2011.
Today, no one needs to prove the necessity of economic knowledge. It is impossible to imagine a modern person who does not face the problem of market relations. And the sooner he gets acquainted with the basic concepts and categories of the economy, the easier it will be for him to build his adult life.
The introduction of economics into school education is a requirement of the times and changing living conditions. Elementary economic knowledge allows children to understand the role and rights of a person in society, influence the moral, prepare the student for an adequate perception of society and production that will exist in a few years, help him determine his field of activity in the future.
As a result of the joint activities of the family, preschool institutions, additional structures of preschool education, children, by the beginning of schooling, have an active interest in the phenomena of socio-economic reality. They are able to show economic thinking, a healthy interest in money, they are ready to realize the relationship "labor - money", they recognize the facts of buying and selling, they get primary ideas about some professions related to the economic life of society (cashier, seller, manager, accountant, etc.) .
By the time of entering school, the child has in the active vocabulary over 25 economic concepts that are associated with labor and its processes.
The introduction of economics into school education is a requirement of the times and changing living conditions. Elementary economic knowledge allows children to understand the role and rights of a person in society, affects the moral development of children, prepares the student for an adequate perception of society and production that will exist in a few years, helps him determine his field of activity in the future.
The interest of schoolchildren and their parents in the economic content necessitated the introduction of subjects aimed at studying the fundamentals of the economy into the programs of general education schools.
Teaching in elementary school is carried out according to various programs, and the authors distribute the material in them in different ways.
To date, economic concepts in elementary school are included in the educational area "The World Around", which is an integrated course for a four-year general education school. Such educational areas as "natural science" and "social science" are integrated into a single course.
Main tasks implementation of the course content are:
1) the formation of a respectful attitude towards the family, locality, region in which children live, towards Russia, its nature and culture, history and modern life; 2) the child's awareness of the value, integrity and diversity of the world around him, his place in it; 3) formation of a model of safe behavior in everyday life and in various dangerous and emergency situations; 4) formation of psychological culture and competence to ensure effective and safe interaction in society.
Work with the textbook.
1.- Look at the pictures in the textbook page 23.
Let's read the question.
/ Teacher or student reading: “What did the children learn at school?” /
2. - Our friends Misha and Lena are also learning to use their life experience. Page 24
The teacher reads the assignment.
What life experience did Lena use? Why?
What did Misha use? How did the book help him?
Do you think mom will be happy?
3. Work in a notebook
Can you use your life experience? Now we will verify this. Open your workbooks on page 7 #1.
Color the drawings. How are Figures #1 and #2 similar and different?
How do you know this?
Using your life experience, color in the pictures.
After doing the work.
What helped you color the drawing correctly?
Questions to the student who voiced the story (the beginning of the formation of the self-assessment algorithm):
What did you need to do?
Were you able to color the pictures?
Did you paint them correctly or are there some flaws?
Did you color everything yourself or with someone else's help?
How would you evaluate your work not with a mark, but with a verbal assessment?
Now, together with ... .. (student name) we learned to evaluate our work.
4. Physical education.
The flower was sleeping and suddenly woke up / torso to the right - to the left /, did not want to sleep anymore.
/body forward - back/. Moved, stretched
/ hands up, stretch /. Soared up and flew
/ stood up, hands up, left - right /. The sun will just wake up in the morning, the butterfly is spinning, winding / spinning /.
5.- But sometimes there are unforeseen situations. Page 25.
Look at the picture. What happened to Lena?
Is Misha ready to help Lena? Why?
Can he help quickly?
What would have happened if mom hadn't come?
Read the output on page 25 below the picture we've just worked on.
6. Work with proverbs.
Since ancient times, people in Russia have been able to speak beautifully figuratively. And many rules have turned into short sayings - proverbs.
Look at the first picture. Read the proverb.
How do you understand it?
In what other cases can this proverb be applied?
Read the caption for the other picture.
How do you understand this proverb?
- Have there been times in your life when you could use this proverb?
What other proverbs do you know? What are they teaching?
Read the conclusion on page 25
Did our assumptions at the beginning of the lesson match the conclusion given in the textbook?
7. Work in a notebook.
Did you enjoy using your life experience to complete assignments?
Let's do one more task. Open your workbook on page 7. Find task number 2. Working in pairs, find and circle your favorite fairy-tale characters in the picture.
Pair work.
Examination.
Agree on who from your couple will perform.
Name the heroes of the books that you noticed in the picture.
Did you enjoy working in pairs?
Draw a circle at the end of the page and color it in the color (symbol) that tells you how you evaluated your work in the notebook.
How did you rate your work?
From the first grade, children study the “world around them”.
The variety of topics covered, the variety of teaching aids from different authors could not simplify the lives of children and parents. And unfortunately, this subject is still one of the most controversial and controversial.
Crafts and experiments are done by parents, they also create projects, help children draw the ringing of mosquito wings or traditional costumes, and on the Internet there are a huge number of photos of textbook pages that make fun of today's system of studying the world around us:
The globally leading goals of studying the subject "World around" are as follows:
- formation of systematized knowledge about the diversity of nature and the conditions of its life;
- development of a positive attitude towards nature, elements of ecological culture;
- formation of skills of careful, creative attitude to nature.
- education of the principles of higher moral feelings (relationship to the Motherland, its culture and history), tolerance, etc.;
- fostering a culture of behavior and relationships;
- developing the ability to empathize, show attention, provide assistance, etc.
- formation of a general culture and erudition of schoolchildren;
- development of value relations to the world around, moral and aesthetic feelings;
- awareness of oneself as a part of nature and a member of society.
And the idea seems to be clear: it is necessary to acquaint children with the diversity of the surrounding world and give basic knowledge about the sciences, which will then be studied by separate subjects.
But in fact, we have complex, confusing texts, the absence of a single standard for a textbook. Topics covered vary greatly from program to program. And most importantly, children cannot complete assignments in workbooks, projects and much more without the help of their parents.
It is sometimes difficult even for parents to find the main idea in the text, to highlight the essence.
At the training "33 techniques for effective learning" we analyzed the paragraph of the world around us:
The parents read the text three times before they got to the point and prepared the Hamburger helper to retell the text.
At the same time, we, adults, have the skill of working with information and can process it several times faster than children. On the go, separating the important from the unimportant, the actual from the “water”.
As a result, it turns out that the information presented in textbooks requires a special approach to elaboration.
We decided to help parents and children learn to explore the world around them in such a way as to save energy, nerves and time.
Since the study of the world around us is one of the most controversial issues both for parents of schoolchildren and for family education, we collected all the experience and combined it into a training:
"The world. All you need to know"
The training will take place this Sunday, March 4th. The training starts at 10:00 Moscow time. Live streaming is free
You will receive ready-made tools for studying the subject, a review and analysis of literature and textbooks, and answer the question "How to study the subject of the world around you with a child"
You will learn:
- Why do we study the world around us?
- What problems do children face in learning?
- How to make the study of the surrounding world simple, understandable and interesting.
- On the air, you will fully analyze the world around you for grade 3.
You will receive a detailed analysis of the subject, as well as a universal algorithm with which you can disassemble a textbook for any class around the world in 1 day and prepare your child for successful certification.
In the training materials of the Premium version you will receive:
1. Recording of the training, which you can watch at any convenient time
2. Presentations and materials used in the training.
3. Intelligence map on the world around for grades 3 and 4 (review of textbooks)
4. Intelligence map according to the textbooks of the School of Russia program from grades 1 to 4.
5. Helpers for studying the subject
The training is conducted by: Renata Kirilina and effective learning expert Marina Baraboshkina.