Distilled water for injections. Distilled water
Content
Many drugs intended for injection require pre-dissolution or dilution to the desired concentration. For this purpose, a universal solvent is used - water. To be used for medical purposes, it must meet certain requirements. Water for injection, unlike saline, which contains sodium chloride, is distilled, sterile water treated in a certain way.
What is water for injection
Liquid for injection can be used as a carrier of the main drug (parenteral use) or as a diluting agent for infusion and injection solutions with an unsuitable concentration. Water is produced in the form of glass or polymer fiber ampoules of various filling volumes. It is intended, among other things, for external use: wetting dressings, washing wounds and mucous membranes. In injection water, medical instruments are soaked and washed during the sterilization process.
Compound
Sterile water is tasteless, colorless and odorless. In a special way, the composition of water for injection is purified from any inclusions: gases, salts, biological components, as well as any microimpurities. This is achieved in two stages. The first is purification by reverse osmosis, during which organic impurities are isolated from the water. The second is distillation: the liquid is transferred to a state of vapor, and then returned to its original form. In this way, its maximum purity is achieved. Injection water has no pharmacological activity.
Indications
It is used for the preparation of sterile injection solutions from dry matter (powders, concentrates, lyophilisates). Can be used to prepare infusions for subcutaneous, intravenous and intramuscular administration. The dosage and method of application is determined by the drug to be diluted (the manufacturer prescribes these features in the instructions for the medication). The only universal rule is that water should be used under aseptic conditions from the moment the ampoule is opened until the syringes are filled.
Contraindications
Although water is considered the universal solvent, there are preparations that use a different type of liquid. For example, saline, oily solvents, etc. Such features are necessarily prescribed in the instructions for the diluted drug. The injectable liquid must not be mixed with topical preparations, since they use a different type of solvent.
Requirements for water for injection
The pH value of injection water should be no higher than 5.0-7.0. The concentration of microorganisms in 1 ml is not more than 100. It must be pyrogen-free (devoid of substances that cause an increase in temperature when a liquid is injected into the body), with a normalized ammonia content. In water that meets the requirements, the presence of sulfates, chlorides, heavy metals, calcium, nitrates, carbon dioxide and reducing substances in its composition is unacceptable.
Instructions for use of water for injection
Doses and rates of administration should be in accordance with the instructions for use of the reconstituted product. When mixing water for injection with a powder or concentrate, close visual monitoring of the condition of the resulting liquid should be carried out, since pharmaceutical incompatibility is possible. The appearance of any sediment should be a signal to cancel the use of the mixture. Low osmotic pressure does not allow direct intravascular injection of injection water - there is a risk of hemolysis.
The shelf life of preparations such as injection water is no more than 4 years (the release date must be indicated by the manufacturer on the package). The storage conditions of the liquid are determined by the temperature regime from 5 to 25 degrees. Freezing of the drug is not allowed. After opening the ampoule, it must be used within 24 hours. It is stored under sterile conditions. In pharmacies, the drug is dispensed by prescription.
What to replace
Often, the injection fluid can be replaced with saline or a solution of 0.5% novocaine (used to dilute antibiotics and some physical preparations, the introduction of which is accompanied by painful sensations). However, this kind of substitution is permissible only when such a possibility is prescribed in the instructions for the diluted medicinal product. If there are no additional recommendations on this matter, you should consult with a pharmacy pharmacist or your doctor about the possibility of replacing water with other liquids.
The price of water for injection
The cost of the liquid depends on the manufacturer and the volume of filling the ampoules in the package. You can buy it in almost any pharmacy. The price level in retail outlets in Moscow and St. Petersburg is approximately the same, but if you order the drug in online stores, it will cost a little less.
| Manufacturer and packaging | Price (in rubles) |
|
| Microgen (Russia), 2 ml ampoule, 10 pcs. packaged | ||
| Biochemist (Russia), 5 ml ampoule, 10 pcs. packaged | ||
| Grotex (Russia), 2 ml ampoule, 10 pcs. packaged | ||
| Atoll (Russia), 2 ml ampoule, 10 pcs. packaged | ||
| Novosibkhimfarm (Russia), 2 ml ampoule, 10 pcs. packaged | ||
| ZdravCity | Borisov Plant of Medical Preparations (Republic of Belarus), 5 ml ampoule, 10 pcs. packaged | |
| Mapichem AG (Switzerland), 5 ml ampoule, 10 pcs. packaged | ||
| Update (Russia), 2 ml ampoule, 10 pcs. packaged | ||
| ElixirPharm | Grotex (Russia), 10 ml ampoule, 10 pcs. packaged |
Dosage form: solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection Compound: Water for injections. Description: Colorless transparent liquid without a smell.
V.07.A.B Solvents and dilution solutions, including irrigation solutions
Pharmacodynamics:Water is the most versatile solvent, the basis of not only a wide variety of transfusion preparations, but also biological fluids and tissues (blood, lymph, cell plasma, etc.), necessary for constant metabolic processes.
Under normal conditions, it is excreted in urine, feces, sweat and breathing. Fluid loss through sweat, respiration, and feces occurs regardless of fluid administration. Maintaining adequate hydration requires 30-45 ml/kg/day of water in adults and 45-100 ml/kg in children and 100-165 ml/kg in infants.
Water for injection is used to prepare infusion and injection solutions, providing optimal conditions for the compatibility and effectiveness of substrates and water. for injections - a hypotonic environment in relation to the tissues of the body, therefore, in its pure form, it causes somewhat more irritation than isotonic solutions or solutions prepared on the basis of water for injections (for parenteral administration, eye drops, etc.). With the introduction of pure water for injection into a vein, hemolysis can occur, however, the slow administration of a small amount has practically no such effect. Therefore, it is safe for injection as a solvent for preparations (in accordance with the instructions for use) prepared with water for injection.
Indications:As a carrier or diluent solution for the preparation of sterile infusion (injectable) solutions from powders, lyophilisates and concentrates. It is used for the preparation of sterile solutions intended for subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous administration immediately before use.
Externally for washing wounds and moisturizing dressings.
Contraindications:Water for injection as a solvent for medicinal products is not used if another solvent is indicated as mandatory for some of them.
Dosage and administration:Intravenous, drip, shock therapy or injection, according to the instructions for use of added infusion solutions, concentrates, concentrates for infusion preparation, injection solutions, powders and dry substance for injection. The daily dose and rate of infusion should be in accordance with the dosing instructions for the added drugs.
Interaction:Incompatibility of medicines with water is almost never encountered, since if a substance is incompatible with water, it will be incompatible with the aquatic environment of the body. When mixed with other drugs (infusion solutions, infusion concentrates; injection solutions, powders, dry substances for injection), visual control for compatibility is necessary (chemical or therapeutic incompatibility may occur).
Special instructions:Do not mix with water oil solutions for injections, external means for cauterization. Means, the concentration of which must remain within certain limits, are diluted with water for injection only within the specified limits. for injection cannot be directly injected or administered as an infusion due to the lack of substances with low osmotic pressure (risk of hemolysis!).
Release form / dosage:Solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection 0.5 ml, 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml.
Package: 25 ml or 50 ml in glass bottles or in glass bottles with a capacity of 50 ml.10 ampoules in a pack or box along with an ampoule knife or a scarifier and instructions for use.
5 ampoules with a capacity of 1 ml and 2 ml in a blister pack. 2 blister packs with a knife or ampoule scarifier and instructions for use in a pack.
5 ampoules with a capacity of 1 ml or 2 ml in a blister pack. 2 blister packs with instructions for use, ampoule knife or ampoule scarifier in a cardboard pack.
When packing the drug in ampoules with a clamp having a ring or a point for opening, an ampoule knife or a scarifier is not inserted.
1 bottle with instructions for use in a pack.
Storage conditions:Store at a temperature of 5 to 25 ° C, out of the reach of children.
Freezing is not allowed.
Shelf life:4 years. Do not use after the expiry date stated on the packaging.
Formula: H2O, chemical name: water.
Pharmacological group: Miscellaneous agents / excipients, reagents and intermediates.
Pharmachologic effect: solvent.
Pharmacological properties
Water for injection is a solvent. Water for injection has no pharmacological activity. Water for injection is used to prepare injection and infusion solutions, providing optimal conditions for the effectiveness and compatibility of substrates and water.
Under normal conditions, water is excreted through sweat, urine, feces, and breathing. With the introduction of constantly alternating water and electrolytes, homeostasis is maintained by the kidneys.
Indications
As a diluting solution or carrier for the preparation of sterile injection and infusion solutions from lyophilisates, powders, concentrates; for the preparation of sterile solutions, including for subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous administration; externally to moisten dressings and wash wounds.
Method of application of water for injection and dose
Water for injection is administered intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously. The dose, route and rate of administration should be in accordance with the dosing instructions for the reconstituted medicinal products.
The preparation of solutions of medicinal products using water for injection should be carried out under sterile conditions (opening the ampoules, filling the syringe and containers with the medicinal product).
Water for injection cannot be directly administered intravascularly due to low osmotic pressure (risk of hemolysis).
Contraindications for use
If another solvent is indicated for the preparation of the medicinal product.
Application restrictions
There is no data.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Use during pregnancy and lactation is determined by the instructions for the drug, for the dilution of which water for injection will be used.
Side effects of water for injection
There is no data.
Interaction of water for injection with other substances
When mixed with other drugs (concentrates for infusion, infusion solutions, powders, injection solutions, dry substances for injection), visual control for compatibility is necessary, since pharmaceutical incompatibility is possible.
Water for injection is not mixed with oily solutions for injection.
Human albumin must not be diluted with water for injection, as this may lead to acute hemolysis and acute renal failure.
Country of origin
China Republic of Belarus Russia UkraineProduct group
Solvents for drugsSolvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection
Release form
- 10 ampoules of 2 ml in ampoules of colorless neutral glass type I in a box 10 ampoules of 5 ml in a pack of 10 ml - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard. 100 ampoules of 2 ml in plastic containers 2 ml - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard 2 ml - ampoules (5) - packs of cardboard. 2 ml - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard. 2 ml - ampoules (5) - contour plastic packaging (1) - cardboard packs 5 ml - ampoules (10) - cardboard packs 5 ml - ampoules (10) - cardboard packs. polyethylene ampoules of 2 ml -10 pieces per pack 10 ampoules of 5 ml per pack Solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injections - 500 ml in polypropylene vials Solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injections of 10 ml in ampoules of low density polyethylene or polypropylene - 10 pcs. Solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injections of 2 ml in ampoules made of low-density polyethylene or polypropylene - 10 pcs per pack. Solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injections of 5 ml in polymer ampoules. Labels are glued onto polymer ampoules or the text of the label is applied directly to polymer ampoules by inkjet printing. 100 polymer ampoules with instructions for use are placed in a cardboard pack. Solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injections of 5 ml in ampoules made of low-density polyethylene or polypropylene - 10 pcs per pack. solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injections, 5 ml each in a colorless neutral glass ampoule - 10 ampoules per pack 10 ampoules 2 ml pack 10 ampoules 2 ml each pack 10 ampoules 5 ml each pack 10 ampoules 5 ml each
Description of the dosage form
- colorless transparent liquid without smell. colorless transparent liquid colorless transparent liquid odorless and tasteless Colorless transparent liquid odorless and tasteless. Colorless transparent liquid without a smell. Transparent colorless liquid, odorless transparent colorless liquid, odorless and tasteless. Clear, colorless, odorless liquid. Solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injections and solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection
pharmachologic effect
Water is the most versatile solvent, the basis of not only a wide variety of transfusion preparations, but also biological fluids and tissues (blood, lymph, cell plasma, etc.), necessary for constant metabolic processes. Under normal conditions, water is excreted in urine, feces, sweat and breathing. Fluid loss through sweat, respiration, and feces occurs regardless of fluid administration. Maintaining adequate hydration requires 30-45 ml/kg/day of water in adults and 45-100 ml/kg in children and 100-165 ml/kg in infants. Water for injection is used to prepare infusion and injection solutions, providing optimal conditions for the compatibility and effectiveness of substrates and water. Water for injection is a hypotonic medium in relation to the tissues of the body, therefore, in its pure form, it causes somewhat more irritation than isotonic solutions or solutions prepared on the basis of water for injection (for parenteral administration, eye drops, etc.). With the introduction of pure water for injection into a vein, hemolysis can occur, however, the slow introduction of a small amount has practically no such effect. Therefore, water for injection is safe as a diluent for preparations (according to the instructions for use) prepared with water for injection.Pharmacokinetics
With the introduction of constantly alternating water and electrolytes, homeostasis is maintained by the kidneys.Special conditions
Do not mix with water oil solutions for injections, external means for cauterization. Means, the concentration of which should be within certain limits, are diluted with water for injection only within the specified limits. Water for injection cannot be directly injected or infused due to the lack of substances with low osmotic pressure (risk of hemolysis!).Compound
- 1 amp. water d / and 2 ml water for injection. 1 amp. water for and 100% 1 amp. water for injection 5 ml water for injection 2 ml water for injection 5 ml water for injection 10 ml water for injection water for injection 2 ml water for injection 2 ml water for injection 5 ml water for injection 10 ml
Water for injection indications for use
- As a carrier or diluent solution for the preparation of sterile infusion (injectable) solutions from powders, lyophilisates and concentrates. It is used for the preparation of sterile solutions intended for subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous administration immediately before use. Externally for washing wounds and moisturizing dressings.
Water for injection contraindications
- Water for injection as a solvent for medicinal products is not used if another solvent is indicated as mandatory for some of them.
Water for injection side effects
- Water for injection cannot be directly injected intravascularly due to low osmotic pressure (risk of hemolysis!).
drug interaction
Incompatibility of medicines with water is almost never encountered, since if a substance is incompatible with water, it will be incompatible with the aquatic environment of the body. When mixed with other medicinal products (infusion solutions, infusion concentrates, injection solutions, powders, dry substances for injection), visual control for compatibility is necessary (chemical or therapeutic incompatibility may occur).Overdose
There are no reports of overdose symptoms.Storage conditions
- keep away from children
- store in a place protected from light
Water for injection is a special sterile liquid that has no color, taste or smell. Water is extremely important for humans, because it is it that supports the normal course of metabolic processes. Therefore, it is often necessary for injections to make a solution of the drug in the required dosage. For this, this water is used, normalized according to several pharmacopoeial articles (hereinafter referred to as FS). Let's figure out what it is and what it is theoretically needed for.
When is it used?
This water for injection is used either as a carrier or as a diluting preparation in the preparation of infusion or injection solutions from:
- powders;
- dry substances for the preparation of injections;
- concentrates for preparation of infusion;
- lyophilizates;
- infusion and injection solutions with unsuitable concentration and so on.
That is, water for injection is needed to dissolve or dilute drugs (depending on what requirements their instructions impose), before their intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous manifestation is carried out. The form of release of such a liquid is ampoules. The shape is almost always the same, but the volume may vary.
Water for injection is not the same as saline. If saline is sodium chloride, then water for injection is distilled / sterile water, previously prepared in a special way.
Here is some more information about this water:
Composition and creation
Water for injection is water that has been purified from any biological or chemical contaminants, including:
- gases;
- salt;
- pyrogenic substances;
- microorganisms;
- any other form of microimpurities.
Such a liquid is purified using the reverse osmosis method, that is, a special technology for separating organic compounds. Also, such water can be distilled so that its composition is sure to be pure. To make it distilled, it is first converted into vapor, and then returned back to the liquid state. All these procedures are carried out in compliance with the highest hygienic requirements, everything takes place in a special aseptic unit, where it is unacceptable to carry out any other actions that are not directly related to the distillation of water. Because this water always comes out sterile. Such requirements for the use are imposed by the FS, and the requirements for the use of the FS must be observed. It is also necessary to observe the expiration date, if the expiration date is violated, the effects can be negative.
Characteristics
Water for injection necessarily has a number of characteristics (they are required by the FS, in addition to the FS, distilled / sterile water is standardized according to GOST), which distinguish it from any other water. Here are the parameters and requirements that must be observed:
- the pH value cannot be higher than 5.0-7.0;
- there can be no reducing substances, calcium, chlorides, nitrates, carbon dioxide, and heavy metals in any volume;
- one milliliter of water, according to the FS, cannot contain more than one hundred microorganisms;
- water must certainly be pyrogen-free;
- ammonia content should be normalized;
- no antimicrobial type substances may be present;
- no additives may be present at all.
Application
Instructions for the use of this liquid depends on which drugs it is used with. The requirements are imposed just by the drug that is diluted in this water, therefore it is necessary that the instructions for use that come with this particular drug are used. It should indicate the dosage that will be used to dilute these drugs.
If we talk about the requirements common to all medicines, this is that water for injection must be used under aseptic conditions, so that there is not the slightest risk that it will not be sterile enough.
Interaction
When water for injection is mixed with other medicinal products, compatibility must be checked visually. If this is not done, then pharmaceutical incompatibility can be missed.
It is important to remember that if the requirements for the drug indicate the need to use a different type of liquid, for example, a special saline solution must be used, then drinking water is unacceptable. Also, it cannot be used for external preparations, the requirements for them are also completely different.
Validity
The shelf life of such water can be up to three years. When the expiration date expires, the use of this water is unacceptable. It is important to remember that the expiration date is indicated for storage at an approximate temperature of 2 to 25 ° C without freezing.
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