How to find a definitely personal offer. Types of one-part sentences: indefinitely personal, impersonal
Offers are divided into one-part and two-part. Grammatical basis two-part sentences consists of two main members - subject and predicate:
Chichikov's strange request suddenly interrupted all his dreams..
Grammatical basis one-part sentences consists of one main member - subject or predicate:
Young birch trees are now planted in parks and major cities ; Red caftan, golden shoes, blond wig, lace sleeves.
At the same time, a one-part sentence is characterized by semantic completeness.
TYPES OF SINGLE OFFERINGS
Definitely personal suggestions
Definitely personal one-part sentences express an action associated with a specific, but not named person: I gently raise my hand. I pull the shawl off one ear. We drink coffee with milk at a large table covered with a clean tablecloth. Let's shout and cry frankly, sometimes together, sometimes apart, sometimes alternately.
Definitely personal offers are characterized by the following features:
1) there is an actor, he is defined, but not named;
2) you can insert the subject I, we, you, you ;
3) the predicate is expressed:
- a verb of the 1st or 2nd person singular. or many number of indicative mood present. or bud. time;
- imperative verb.
Indefinitely personal sentences
Indefinitely personal one-part sentences denote an action performed by indefinite or unmarked persons: Bridge started to repair(they, some people), but because of the crisis, apparently they stopped. At the end of the war, captured Germans are brought to our village. They didn’t let me go anywhere, they didn’t give me days off, they kept me strictly, almost in a military way.
For indefinite personal sentences :
1) there is an actor, but not named and not defined, since it is unimportant; the result of the activity is important;
2) you can insert the subject they, some people;
3) the predicate is expressed only by the plural form of the verb:
- 3rd person indicative mood present. or bud. vr.;
- past. temp. indicative mood;
- conditional mood;
Generalized personal offers
Generalized-personal one-part sentences do not report specific actions, but express general judgments applicable to any person. Often these are proverbs, well-known truths, aphorisms: If you like to ride - love to carry sleds; Do not count your chickens before they are hatched . Live and learn . Pancakes are baked in milk.
For generalized personal sentences the following features are typical :
1) there is an actor, he is not named, but is thought of as a generalized one;
2) you can insert the subject everyone, anyone, all people ;
3) in structure they coincide with definitely-personal or indefinitely-personal;
4) are proverbs, sayings, morals and truths, aphorisms;
impersonal proposals
Impersonal one-part sentences are sentences in which there is no actor and cannot be: to me should have come For dinner. Cold and wet ; Face to face, no face to see; Garden to bloom; There is not a soul; Smells like cherry; Blooms; It's sweeping outside the window.
They express:
1) a process or state that is independent of the active agent, of the will of the person: I can not wait;
2) state of nature: It's cloudy outside;
3) the actions of an unknown force, elements: The car skidded at the intersection;
4) action of an indirect subject: The wind tore off the poster;
5) the absence of something: No time; Neither people nor animals;
6) modal meanings (must, necessity, possibility, impossibility): Need to think; Should agree.
Impersonal offers are characterized by:
1) there is no actor and cannot be;
2) the predicate is not a combination with Im.p.;
3) the predicate is expressed:
- a personal verb in impersonal use;
- brief passive participle;
- infinitive and various auxiliary components;
- state words with or without a connective component and an infinitive;
- a negative word in combination with the genitive case;
- noun in the form genitive with negation;
- infinitive (some linguists distinguish the type of infinitive sentences, while others consider them as a kind of impersonal ones);
4) express:
- a process or state independent of the active agent;
- the state of nature;
- actions of an unknown force, elements;
- an action performed by an indirect subject;
- the absence of something;
are modal values.
Denominative (nominative) sentences
One-part nominative (nominative) sentences have one main member - the subject, expressed by a noun in the form of the nominative case (less often - a personal pronoun or numeral):
Transparent spring air. Creeping slowly and lazily clouds. Morning . Freezing . Here is the turn. Such sentences serve to state the fact of the existence of something in reality, that is, they name objects or phenomena that exist here and now.
For title sentences the following features are typical :
1) the presence of only the subject;
2) express the fact of the existence of an object or phenomenon here and now
3) do not have additions and circumstances
may include agreed and inconsistent definitions, particles, index words
4) is not a denominative sentence of a nominative representation (nominative of the topic).
Definitely personal sentences refer to incomplete sentences, that is, sentences that lack one of the main members of the sentence, in this case, the subject.
Incomplete sentences also include indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, infinitive (sometimes they are included in impersonal) and nominative sentences. Almost all of these species, except for the nominative ones, are subjectless; they have no subject.
Definition
A definite personal sentence is a one-part, incomplete, non-subjective sentence in which the verb of the 1st or 2nd person of the present or future tense acts as a predicate. The verb in sentences of this type does not need a pronoun, since it contains an indication of the character.
Types and examples
Depending on the form of expression of the predicate, two types of definite personal sentences are distinguished:
1) The predicate is expressed by the verb in the form of the 1st or 2nd person of the indicative mood.
Example: Tomorrow we will visit my brother.
I'll go there again, look there carefully and come back, maybe with some news.
Would you like some more coffee?
2) The predicate is expressed by the verb in the form of the 2nd person of the imperative mood:
Example: Stay at work today, finish the report.
Are you going there again today?
Definitely personal sentences are close to two-part sentences. To replace a definite-personal sentence with a two-part one, it is enough to substitute the pronoun I, we, you, you, etc. as the subject. for example: I'll see what's there, and I'll be right back, I won't linger. - I'll see what's there, and immediately return, I won't linger.
In the text, definite personal sentences can often be combined with a sentence related to it in meaning into a complex sentence:
We went there again yesterday. We looked, listened to what others were saying, but did not learn anything new. “Yesterday we went there again, looked, listened to what others were saying, but didn’t learn anything new.
As a rule, definite-personal offers are common, i.e. include auxiliary members of the proposal. Uncommon definite-personal sentences, most often, are incomplete: contextual, situational or dialogic, and the sentence is often expressed in one word:
- It's coming! (for example, about an approaching train)
- Well, I went and found out what documents are needed?
The concept of one-part sentences. All simple sentences, according to the nature of the grammatical basis, in the Russian language are divided into two types: two-part and one-part. Unlike two-part sentences, one-part sentences have only one main member. Moreover, the absence of the second member of the sentence does not interfere with the transfer of a logically complete thought in a one-part sentence.
For example: Early spring. Flowers are planted in the flower beds. Everything gets dark later.
In one-part sentences, the main member can act as a subject and a predicate. Depending on whether the subject or predicate is in the sentence, the sentences are called nominal or verbal, respectively. Distinctive feature verbal one-part sentences is that they are subjectless. A verbal one-part sentence includes a conjugated form of the verb, which acts as a verb - a copula.
Differences between one-part and incomplete sentences
In the definition of a one-part sentence, one should know their main difference from incomplete sentences, which also have only one main member. For example:
1) Plum trees are planted in gardens.
2) What do gardeners do in autumn? — Plum trees are planted in the orchards.
In the first case, we see that an established action is taking place, who performs it is not important in the sentence. In the second case, the sentence indicates an action that certain gardening subjects perform. The subject gardeners is missing from the sentence, but it can be easily restored in it, guided by the previous sentence. This means that the second sentence belongs to the category of two-part incomplete, and the first - one-part.
Groups of one-part sentences. According to the method of expression and the meaning of the main member, one-component sentences are divided into the following groups:
1. Definitely personal. I love winter forest. I contemplate the stormy sea.
2. Vaguely personal. A new store is being built in the village. On the outskirts they sing songs.
3. Impersonal. It's getting light. It's getting dark. Sleep would. I'm cold.
4. Names. Summer. Here is the heat.
5. Generalized personal. You never know where you will find your true happiness.
In one-part sentences with a verbal predicate, only the action is expressed, the actor is absent. In impersonal one-part sentences, the person who performs the action is not provided at all. It is important not to forget that in such sentences as I am cold, “me” is a person who only experiences a state, but does not create it in any way, and cannot act as a subject. In generalized personal sentences, the main member indicates an action performed by a wide indefinite range of subjects.
A one-part sentence, the main member of which is the predicate and which is represented by only one word, is called a nominal sentence.
For example: Morning. Freezing. Night.
The opposition of two-part and one-part sentences is connected with the number of members included in the grammatical basis.
Two-part sentences contain two the main members are the subject and the predicate.
The boy is running; The earth is round.
One-part sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate).
Evening; It's evening.
Types of one-part sentences
| Main member expression form | Examples | Correlative constructions two-part sentences |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Offers with one main member - PREDICT | ||
| 1.1. Definitely personal suggestions | ||
| Verb-predicate in the form of the 1st or 2nd person (there are no forms of the past tense or conditional mood, since in these forms the verb has no person). |
I love the storm in early May. |
I I love the storm in early May. |
| 1.2. Indefinitely personal sentences | ||
| The verb-predicate in the form of the plural of the third person (in the past tense and the conditional mood the verb-predicate in the plural). |
They knock on the door. |
Someone knocks on the door. |
| 1.3. Generalized personal offers | ||
| They do not have their own specific form of expression. In form - definitely personal or indefinitely personal. Distinguished by value. Two main types of value: A) the action can be attributed to any person; B) the action of a particular person (the speaker) is habitual, repetitive or presented as a generalized judgment (the verb-predicate is in the form of the 2nd person singular, although we are talking about the speaker, that is, the 1st person). |
Without effort, you can not take the fish out of the pond(in the form of a definite personal). |
Any ( any) without difficulty will not take the fish out of the pond. |
| 1.4. impersonal offer | ||
| 1) Verb-predicate in impersonal form (coincides with the singular, third person or neuter form). |
a) It's getting light; It was dawning; I'm lucky; |
b) Snow is melting; |
| 2) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb. |
a) It's cold outside ; |
a) there are no correlative structures; b) I'm cold; |
| 3) A compound verbal predicate, the auxiliary part of which is a compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb. |
a) to me sorry to leave with you; |
a) I I don't want to leave with you; |
| 4) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - a brief passive participle of the past tense in the singular, neuter gender. |
Closed . |
The shop is closed . |
| 5) The predicate no or the verb in the impersonal form with the negative particle not + addition in the genitive case (negative impersonal sentences). |
No money . |
|
| 6) The predicate no or the verb in the impersonal form with the negative particle not + the addition in the genitive case with the intensifying particle neither (negative impersonal sentences). |
There is not a cloud in the sky. |
The sky is cloudless. |
| 1.5. Infinitive sentences | ||
| The predicate is an independent infinitive. |
Everyone be silent! |
Everyone be quiet. |
| 2. Offers with one main member - SUBJECT | ||
| Denominative (nominative) sentences | ||
| The subject is a name in the nominative case (the sentence cannot contain a circumstance or addition that would relate to the predicate). |
Night . |
Usually there are no correlative structures. |
Notes.
1) Negative impersonal sentences ( No money; There is not a cloud in the sky) are monosyllabic only when negation is expressed. If the construction is made affirmative, the sentence becomes two-part: the form of the genitive case will change to the form of the nominative case (cf .: No money. - Have money ; There is not a cloud in the sky. - There are clouds in the sky).
2) A number of researchers form the genitive case in negative impersonal sentences ( No money ; There is not a cloud in the sky) considers part of the predicate. In school textbooks, this form is usually parsed as an addition.
3) Infinitive sentences ( Be silent! Be thunder!) are classified as impersonal by a number of researchers. They are also discussed in the school textbook. But infinitive sentences differ from impersonal ones in meaning. The main part of impersonal sentences denotes an action that arises and proceeds independently of the agent. In infinitive sentences, the person is encouraged to take active action ( Be silent!); inevitability or desirability active action (Be thunder! To go to the sea!).
4) Nominative (nominative) sentences are classified by many researchers as two-part with a zero link.
Note!
1) In negative impersonal sentences with an addition in the form of the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither ( There is not a cloud in the sky; I don't have a dime) the predicate is often omitted (cf.: The sky is clear; I don't have a dime).
In this case, we can talk about a one-part and at the same time incomplete sentence (with an omitted predicate).
2) The main meaning of denominative (nominative) sentences ( Night) is the statement of being (presence, existence) of objects and phenomena. These constructions are possible only if the phenomenon is correlated with the present time. When changing tense or mood, the sentence becomes two-part with the predicate to be.
Wed: It was night ; There will be night; Let there be night; It would be night.
3) Nominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain circumstances, since this minor member usually correlates with the predicate (and there is no predicate in nominal (nominative) sentences). If the sentence contains a subject and a circumstance ( Pharmacy- (where?) around the corner; I- (where?) to the window), then it is more expedient to analyze such sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with an omitted predicate.
Wed: The pharmacy is/is located around the corner; I rushed/ran to the window.
4) Nominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain additions that correlate with the predicate. If there are such additions in the proposal ( I- (for whom?) For you), then it is more expedient to analyze these sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with the predicate omitted.Wed: I am walking/following you.
Plan for parsing a one-part sentence
- Determine the type of one-part sentence.
- Indicate those grammatical features of the main member that make it possible to attribute the sentence to this particular type of one-component sentences.
Sample parsing
Show off, city of Petrov(Pushkin).
The offer is one-part (definitely personal). Predicate show off expressed by the verb in the second person of the imperative mood.
Fire lit in the kitchen(Sholokhov).
The sentence is one-part (indefinitely personal). Predicate lit expressed by the verb in the plural past tense.
With a gentle word you will melt the stone(proverb).
The offer is one-sided. In form - definitely personal: predicate melt expressed by the verb in the second person of the future tense; by meaning - generalized-personal: the action of the verb-predicate refers to any acting person(cf.: With a kind word and a stone will melt any / anyone).
Smelled wonderfully fishy(Kuprin).
The offer is one-part (impersonal). Predicate smelled expressed by the verb in the impersonal form (past tense, singular, neuter).
Soft Moonlight (stagnant).
The offer is one-part (named). Main member - subject light- expressed by a noun in the nominative case.
The lesson on the topic "Definitely personal sentences" introduces us to this type of one-part syntactic constructions. The sentences under consideration always contain a verb in a certain form. During the lesson, the teacher will teach you to distinguish between incomplete two-part sentences and definitely personal ones.
Subject: One-part sentences
Lesson: Definitely Personal Offers
Definitely personal sentences are one of the types of one-part sentences in which the main member of the sentence has a structure and properties similar to the structure and properties of the predicate.
The main member of definite-personal sentences is similar in structure to simple verb predicate and is expressed by the verb in the form of 1 and 2 persons singular. and many others. number of withdrawals. and command. inclinations.
Verb 1st l. units h. ex. incl. - Again see familiar city.
Verb 2nd l. units h. ex. inc.- Do you remember that autumn evening
Verb 1st l. pl. h. ex. incl. - Let's not forget your kindness.
Verb 2nd l. pl. h. ex. incl. - Come in payroll tomorrow?
Verb 2nd l. units hours command. inc.- think good!
Verb 1st l. pl. hours command. incl. - Let's go to the cinema!
Verb 2nd l. pl. hours command. incl. - Come in to me for sure!
The main members of definite-personal sentences can have a structure not only simple verb, but also compound verb and compound nominal predicate:
When you will study(compound verb) chemistry, you know(simple verb) a lot of interesting things;
You will be counselors(compound nominal) in our camp.
In this case, the auxiliary verb must be in the form 1st or 2nd faces.
Definitely personal sentences report the actions or other signs of a person (that is, a person), while a specific person. This person - depending on the form of the verb - may be the speaker: I love you now, not secretly, for show.
Definitely personal sentences do not always tell us about the actions of a particular person.
They denote the actions of living beings and even inanimate objects, which we, as it were, “humanize”, treating them in the same way as with people.
Yes, stop yelling! (referring to dog)
Well, do the right thing! (referring to computer)
Information about who in question, is already contained in the personal ending of the verb, it is easy for us to understand who we are talking about, therefore, to denote the subject by others language means, such as pronouns, optional.
Loved Yu you now, not secretly, for show
(the subject of the action is the speaker, the verb is in 1 l unit of number).
Take eat hand in hand, friends!
(subject of action - speaker and other people, verb in 1l. plural)
Wait for me and I will come back
(the subject of the action is the listener, the verb is in 2 l. units of the number)
Oh give those, give those me freedom!
(subject of action - several listeners, verb in 2 l. plural)
Therefore, despite the absence of a word naming the subject, definitely personal suggestions are informatively sufficient and certainly complete.
The actions of the speaker or listener can be reported in incomplete two-part sentences:
1. I think that 2) I did not make a mistake in it.
The second part of this proposal is incomplete sentence: not mistaken in it.
The form of the verb in this sentence does not have a morphological feature of the face and does not unambiguously indicate the subject of the action (I was not mistaken; you were not mistaken; she was not mistaken - the form of the verb is the same everywhere), but from the context it is clear who we are talking about, therefore such a design is incomplete.
2. I think 2) I see his.
The second part of the sentence is a two-part incomplete.
Definitely personal sentences are one-part sentences that always report actions. certain person; always contain a verb in the form of the 1st and 2nd person singular or plural of the indicative or imperative mood.
1. Bagryantseva V.A., Bolycheva E.M., Galaktionova I.V., Zhdanova L.A., Litnevskaya E.I., Stepanova E.B. Russian language.
2. Barkhudarov S.G., Kryuchkov S.E., Maksimov L.Yu., Cheshko L.A. Russian language.
3. Tests. One-part sentences ().
2. Complete academic reference book, edited by V.V. Shovel ().
1. Find the grammatical basis in the sentences of the text.
Know yourself. Understand how your body changes and grows.
Keep your body clean. Wash frequently, brush your teeth and nails.
Make friends. Be a good friend yourself, learn to talk to friends and parents and listen to them.
Learn to say no. If you are asked to do something that makes you feel uncomfortable, say no.
2. Find one-part sentences.
The paths of the park were sprinkled with sand every morning.
Cranberries are harvested in late autumn.
Cranberry is a marsh berry.
I would like to talk to you.
Not a soul!
Don't let your soul be lazy!
The soul must work.
And you grab her by the shoulders, teach and torture until dark.
Don't leave, stay with me...