How to issue an electronic signature for an individual. How to get an electronic signature key for the tax office? Areas of application of electronic signature

There are several stages of registration on the State Services portal, which open up different opportunities for users. One of the stages of user initiation is an electronic signature, thanks to which you can log in to your personal account, as well as order electronic services.

Initially, electronic signatures were used only by legal entities who preferred to communicate with tax authorities electronically. It made it possible to protect documentation when sent for inspection to the appropriate authorities. Later, this practice was broadly adopted for individuals.

An electronic signature is a way to confirm the authenticity of a document. When creating an electronic signature, different types of encryption are used, so it can have a different appearance. This short code is then attached to the main document that will be sent by email.

The validity period of the electronic signature is one year, after which it is necessary to extend its validity by purchasing a new key or certificate. Please note that the service is paid. Its specific cost depends on the conditions included in the contract. Today, the minimum electronic payment amount for individuals is 700 rubles. You can view the tariffs on the official website of the RosIntegration certification center.

Types of electronic signature

There are 3 types of electronic signature:

• Simple;
• Unskilled;
• Qualified.

1. A simple electronic signature is often used in everyday life. It is a one-time code. Users constantly encounter such data encryption, for example, when confirming a payment from a bank card. To successfully complete the operation, you must enter a code that is sent to the phone number associated with the card.
2. Unqualified electronic signature is used in electronic documents. Users rarely encounter it in everyday life, because its registration is possible only in the control center. Using this type of electronic digital signature, you can “certify” your letters to government agencies when sent electronically. However, the service itself has privacy restrictions.
3. A qualified electronic signature is an equal analogue of a paper signature for an individual. And in the case of legal entities, it can also replace the seal of the organization. Thanks to this type, documents can be sent by e-mail to any authority. There is no need to personally confirm any information.

How to obtain an electronic signature for the State Services website?

To work with the State Services portal, a simple and qualified electronic signature is used. Obtaining any type of identifier is directly related to registration on the site. However, due to the fact that these electronic signatures are of a different nature, the obtaining procedure will differ significantly.

Important! A qualified electronic signature has more weight than a simple one, as it opens access to all services of the portal. The main difference is that a simple digital signature gives access to viewing information, for example, about the amount of fines. However, only with a qualified electronic signature does the user have the opportunity to submit applications for receiving services electronically.

Creating a simple electronic signature

A simple electronic signature is created at the first stage of user registration on the portal. This is the so-called “simplified registration”, which only requires the visitor to enter certain data into the database. Everything is done remotely and does not take very much time.

A simple type of signature is assigned to absolutely all portal users, as this happens immediately after registration.

Information uploaded to the service is sent for verification. And if the data on them coincides with the data in the common database, the client can use the resource. In fact, at this stage the creation of a simple electronic signature is completed. The user can enter the portal and view the available information.

The reduced functionality of the portal can be expanded if you complete the registration of a simple electronic signature into an unqualified one. To do this, you must personally contact the Russian Post or. You must have your passport and SNILS with you. Employees of government agencies check the documents' compliance with those specified in the profile settings. And if these are really your documents, a one-time code is issued, which is entered in your personal account in the profile settings. After its introduction, Public Services reveal their full potential.

Note! Registration on the State Services portal is not required if the user initially contacts the MFC to create a simple electronic signature. After this, you just need to select the SNILS entrance at home.

Creating a qualified electronic signature

A qualified electronic signature is issued on a USB flash drive in the control center. You need to contact the institution that creates a qualified electronic signature in your locality by phone and order an electronic signature. After this, you need to go to the office in person with your passport. There are different tariffs at which electronic signatures are created. To work with the State Services portal, the minimum tariff is suitable.

Together with the flash drive, which contains information about the electronic signature, the client receives software for installation on his computer, a license and a certificate. At home, you will need to install the program and insert the flash drive into the USB connector. In the authorization form on the State Services portal, at the bottom you must select “Log in using electronic means.” And then select the path to the removable storage device.

What can EDS be used for?

An electronic signature on State Services is used to provide access to all features of the site:

• Sending an application to receive certificates, extracts, etc.;
• Payment of state fees with a 30% discount, if provided for by a specific service.

Additionally, an individual has the opportunity to send a tax return via the Internet. Electronic signatures also continue to be used by legal entities. But at the same time, it is necessary that the certificate be filled out in the name of a person authorized to work with the State Services portal from his company.

Video:

Electronic signature on the State Services portal

Use is becoming increasingly common in Russia. And this is not at all surprising, since digital signature is in many cases more secure than the corresponding details affixed with a ballpoint pen or stamp. How is an electronic signature made for a legal entity? How to get the appropriate tool?

Definition of digital signature

First, let's define the essence of digital signature. digital signature? It refers to the details of a document, similar to those written on paper with a ballpoint pen, but only made using special computer algorithms.

The main purpose of an electronic signature is to confirm that a document is signed by a specific person. Among other useful properties that an electronic digital signature has is certification of the integrity of the document and the absence of any changes in it on the way between the sender and the recipient.

Using digital signatures

In what areas are digital signatures used? Almost in the same way as a regular signature: in businesses and government agencies, in communications with the participation of individuals. An electronic signature that meets all the necessary legal requirements is legally equivalent to a signature made with a ballpoint pen, and in some cases, a seal, if we are talking about legal entities.

The use of electronic signatures is common in the banking sector: for example, when authorizing in “bank-client” systems, the corresponding mechanisms for the user of a financial product are used. Using the algorithms adopted by the financial and credit organization, the client signs payment orders and makes various applications and requests.

In some cases, digital signature is considered to be an even more reliable requisite than a signature made with a ballpoint pen. This is due to the fact that it is very difficult to forge, and also because with the help of an electronic digital signature, as we noted above, you can check whether changes have been made to the sent files.

Universal electronic cards are beginning to spread in the Russian Federation. With their help, citizens can carry out a large number of different actions. Among these is signing documents on the Internet. How is this possible? In order to use this UEC function, you need to purchase a card reader - a device capable of reading data from a card and transmitting it through special online channels. It is necessary to use a device that supports the PC/SC standard.

EDS structure

How does the digital signature work? How does the document authentication mechanism work? Very simple. An electronic signature itself is a document requisite that can only be affixed by one person (or organization). The corresponding subject of document flow has a single copy of the tool with which the digital signature is placed - this is the private key of the electronic signature. As a rule, no one else has it, as is the case with a unique example of a person's autograph, which he writes with a ballpoint pen. Keys are issued by specialized organizations - certification centers. They may also be accredited by the Ministry of Communications.

You can read the digital signature using a public key, which, in turn, can be at the disposal of any number of people. By using this tool, the recipient of the document makes sure that it was sent and signed by a specific sender. If the public key does not recognize the digital signature, it means that it was not affixed by the person from whom the document should come.

Signing Key Certificate

An important element of document flow is the electronic signature key certificate. It is usually an electronic data source that contains information about the sender of the files. A certificate certifies the fact that the key a person owns is valid. This document also contains basic information about the sender. The certificate is usually valid for 1 year from the date of its issuance. The corresponding signature element can also be revoked at the initiative of its owner, for example, if he loses control of the key or suspects that it has fallen into the wrong hands. Those documents that are signed without a valid certificate have no legal force.

From a technological point of view, the mechanism for exchanging files when using digital signatures is usually implemented within a certain software environment. That is, files are sent and received in a special format using a specialized software interface. It can be adapted, for example, for document flow in the field of tax reporting or for exchanging files between different companies.

A universal system for receiving and sending documents has not yet been created in the Russian Federation, but such work is underway. Its successful completion will make it possible to create a software environment that, theoretically, will be able to completely replace paper document management, since every citizen, along with a personal autograph, will also be able to affix an electronic signature on any documents. Actually, the development of the UEC is one of the first steps in this direction.

But for now, you can put an electronic signature using this card on a limited number of resources. Therefore, electronic signature verification is now carried out in different programs, and their use is carried out by agreement between the sender and recipient of the documents.

It is also quite possible to exchange files outside the corresponding interfaces. In this case, each document can be supplemented with a text insert with a unique cipher, which is created using a private key and read by the recipient of the file using a public one. The document will be recognized if the corresponding algorithms match, and also provided that the certificate we mentioned above is valid.

However, the cipher in question will one way or another be created by a special program. Theoretically, of course, users can develop their own - and this will formally also be considered an electronic digital signature, but in this case there is no need to talk about a sufficient level of document flow security. In large companies, special requirements are usually established for it. The same as in government institutions. Let's study the aspect that reflects the types of digital signatures depending on the level of security in more detail.

Digital signature security levels

It may be noted that sending documents via e-mail is also one of the options for using digital signature. In this case, we are talking about using a simple electronic signature. Its “key” is the password entered by the sender. The Law on Electronic Signatures allows that this type of digital signature can be legally significant, but law enforcement practice is not always accompanied by the implementation of this scenario. And this is understandable: the password - purely theoretically - can be entered by anyone who knows it and pretend to be the sender.

Therefore, the same law on electronic signature determines that much more secure versions of digital signatures can be used in document flow. Among these is a strengthened and qualified digital signature. They assume that their owners have reliable electronic keys in their hands, which are very difficult to fake. They can be made in the form of a special keychain such as eToken - in a single copy. Using this tool and a special program, a person can send signed documents to the recipient, who then, using the public key for verifying the electronic signature, can verify the correct origin of the files.

Specifics of a qualified signature

What is the difference between an enhanced digital signature and a qualified one? Technologically, they can be very similar and use generally similar encryption algorithms. But in the case of a qualified digital signature, a certificate for it is issued by a certification center (from among those accredited by the Ministry of Communications). This type of electronic signature is considered the most secure and in most cases is equated in a legal sense to the corresponding details of a document that is placed manually on paper.

In most cases, a qualified digital signature is required during the interaction of businesses and individuals with government agencies, so the requirements for document identification in such communication scenarios can be very strict. In this case, a strengthened digital signature cannot always satisfy them, not to mention, of course, a simple electronic signature. Accredited certification centers, as a rule, recommend to their clients the optimal type of software with which document flow is carried out using digital signatures.

Types of electronic signatures

So, a universal digital signature capable of replacing a signature on paper at any time has not yet been developed in Russia. Therefore, the tools we are considering are presented in a wide range of varieties, adapted to various file sharing purposes. Let's look at the most common types of communications that use electronic signatures of documents.

EDS are popular, required for the participation of commercial organizations in various auctions (Sberbank-AST, RTS-Tender), as well as for presence on trading platforms, for example, those that are members of the EDS Association. There is an electronic signature adapted for working with databases on bankruptcies of legal entities and facts relating to their activities.

On the Gosuslugi.ru portal, all registered persons are also issued an electronic signature. Thus, public services can then be ordered online - there is no need to submit a paper document to one or another department. A wide range of services is available to the citizen; you can even apply for a foreign passport online. One of the options for hardware implementation of digital signatures for use on the Gosuslugi.ru portal is UEC, which we mentioned above.

How to obtain an electronic signature

Due to the absence in the Russian Federation of a unified structure for issuing universal digital signatures, there are a large number of private companies engaged in issuing electronic signatures. They are called, as we noted above, certification centers. These organizations perform the following main functions:

Register users as legally authorized subjects of working with documents when using digital signatures;

Issue an electronic signature certificate;

In some cases, they ensure the sending and verification of documents with digital signature.

Thus, if a citizen or organization needs a digital signature, they will have to go to the appropriate certification center.

Documents for obtaining digital signature

How is an electronic signature issued for a legal entity? How to get such a useful tool for business? So, the first thing you need to do is choose a certification center. It is advisable to contact those structures that are accredited by government agencies. A list of these organizations can be found on the website of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation - minsvyaz.ru.

The following basic documents must be submitted to the certification center:

Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities;

Certificates: on registration of a legal entity, on registration with the Federal Tax Service.

If we are talking about obtaining a personal signature for the head of the organization, the mentioned set of documents must be supplemented with a copy of the protocol on the appointment of the general director to the position. If an electronic digital signature is received by an employee who is not a member of the company’s highest management bodies, then a copy of the order on his employment, as well as a power of attorney, is required. Naturally, you will need a specialist’s passport and SNILS.

As we can see, the process within which an electronic signature is issued for a legal entity is not at all complicated. How to obtain an electronic signature for an individual entrepreneur?

Very simple. The following basic documents will be needed:

Extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs;

Certificates: on registration as an individual entrepreneur and on registration with the Federal Tax Service;

Passport;

If a person who is not in the status of an individual entrepreneur, owner or representative of an LLC wants to receive an EDS, then all he needs to bring to the certification center is an INN, a passport, and a SNILS.

Obtaining an electronic signature is usually not a very long process. Many certification centers are ready to provide an eToken key or its equivalent, as well as instructions for using digital signatures within a few hours after completing the corresponding application.

Practical nuances of working with digital signatures

We studied how an electronic signature is issued for a legal entity and how to obtain this instrument. Let us now consider some remarkable nuances of the practical use of digital signatures.

Thus, when organizing document flow between two or more companies, it is advisable to turn to the services of intermediary structures that will help companies avoid mistakes in exchanging files, and also guarantee compliance with all legal requirements regarding these communications. Among the optimal options for executing such agreements is the conclusion of accession agreements, which are provided for in Article 428 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

When organizing document flow between different organizations, it is also recommended to approve the procedure for working with files in cases where the authenticity of the digital signature cannot be determined. For example, this is possible if the electronic signature key certificate has expired.

At the beginning of the article, we looked at the classification of digital signatures according to the degree of security. What are the mechanisms for the correct use of simple, strong and qualified electronic signatures?

If a company decides to use a simple digital signature when exchanging documents with another organization, then it needs to enter into additional agreements establishing such a mechanism. The relevant agreements must reflect the rules for determining who exactly sent the document via e-mail and thereby provided a simple digital signature.

If we are talking about electronic trading, then the signature must be strengthened (at a minimum) and meet the criteria adopted at the level of a particular online platform where such communications are carried out.

Reporting to government agencies should only be carried out using a qualified electronic signature. If we are talking about establishing labor relations at a distance (more recently, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation allows this type of communication), then a qualified signature must be used in this process.

Each electronic signature is issued to a specific owner, because its purpose is to confirm the identity of the sender of the electronic document. An individual acquires an electronic digital signature in his own name. A manager acts on behalf of a legal entity, and therefore the signature is tied both to the organization and to the person authorized to act on its behalf.

An entrepreneur is an individual performing “organizational functions”, that is, engaged in business for the purpose of making a profit. The electronic signature is tied only to the entrepreneur. If he has employees working for him who send documentation on behalf of the individual entrepreneur, then separate signatures are made on them for individuals. For example, an accountant of an individual entrepreneur sends electronic reports to the tax office using his digital signature. Therefore, the question is not how to make an electronic signature for an individual entrepreneur, but what documents need to be submitted to issue it. And to do this, you need to decide on the purpose of the digital signature and contact the certification center.

Thus, an electronic signature for an individual entrepreneur is similar to a signature for an individual. It is not tied to an organization; the only difference is in the package of documents that must be collected for the certification center.

Why do you need an electronic signature of an individual entrepreneur?

There are several types of ES; they are chosen based on the problems that they solve. These are a simple, enhanced unqualified and enhanced qualified signature.

Simple electronic signature created by means of an information system, confirms that it was created by a specific person. As a rule, it is a “login-password” code pair. Used for identification on online platforms, in Internet banking, on the State Services portal and in internal corporate electronic document management. From a legal point of view, it is equivalent to a handwritten signature.

Unqualified electronic signature created by a crypto encryption program, identifies a person, allows you to check for changes in the file after sending. Issued by a certification center (CA), stored on physical media or on a computer. Used in electronic government procurement under 44-FZ as a supplier, for internal and external document flow. From a legal point of view, it corresponds to a paper document with a handwritten signature and seal of the organization.

Qualified electronic signature is created by cryptographic algorithms, but, unlike unqualified ones, is provided with a certificate corresponding to Order of the FSB of the Russian Federation No. 795 of December 27, 2011. Only an accredited certification center, for example, Kaluga Astral, can issue this signature. Designed for submitting reports to regulatory authorities, for participation in tenders as a supplier and customer, for internal document flow, with government agencies and contractors. The signature is maximally protected and gives the document legal force automatically, without preliminary or additional conditions.

An entrepreneur can obtain a qualified digital signature and signature for bidding. Each of them will allow you to solve your problems.

Qualified Signature

Submission of reports via the Internet.

Signing electronic documents.

Work with the State Services system (73 electronic platforms).

Participation in auctions under 223-FZ, in bankrupt auctions and on commercial platforms.

Interaction with EGAIS (using JaCarta SE PKI media).

Signature for bidding

Participation in government procurement (6 trading platforms).

Participation in electronic auctions.

Conclusion of contracts.

Filing complaints and other actions within trading platforms.

Before applying for a signature, you should know why an electronic signature is needed for an individual entrepreneur and how it is intended to be used. Our clients can count on detailed advice and assistance in choosing a signature. Moreover, our specialists will not only help you set up the software for participating in trading, but will also provide training.

How to get an electronic signature for an individual entrepreneur for free

Do you know how to make an electronic signature for an individual entrepreneur for free? This will be an unqualified electronic signature for communication with the Federal Tax Service. You can register it in the “Personal Account” of the nalog.ru website in the “Profile” section. The Tax Service offers two options for storing signatures:

storing the key on your computer
user

storing the key in a secure
virtual storage of the Federal Tax Service

The key certificate is active for one year, after which the taxpayer independently receives a new one. The procedure also takes place through the “Personal Account”. With a valid certificate, the electronic signature is used to sign and send the following documents to the tax office through the “Personal Account”. These are applications for the return and offset of overpaid tax, for the provision of tax benefits and notifications about selected land and transport facilities. As well as submitting a tax return in form 3-NDFL and more. The full list of possibilities can be found in your “Personal Account”.

How to obtain a qualified digital signature for an individual entrepreneur

As we have already found out, the main electronic digital signatures for an entrepreneur are a qualified electronic signature and a signature for bidding. They can only be obtained from an accredited center. For each case, you will need your own package of documents to obtain an electronic signature for an individual entrepreneur. It should also be taken into account that the certification authority may request additional data. Therefore, the lists below should be considered preliminary. Documentation should be prepared only after communicating with CA employees and submitting an application for the issuance of an electronic signature.

To obtain a qualified electronic signature you will need:

application to the certification center;

original passport or a copy certified by a notary;

originals TIN, OGRN, SNILS.

To sign for bidding you need:

application to the CA;

original passport or certified copy;

An electronic signature (ES) is information in electronic digital form that can be used to identify an individual or legal entity without his personal presence.

In electronic document management, two types of electronic signature are used:

• simple electronic signature;
• enhanced electronic signature (can be qualified or unqualified).

They differ in the degree of protection and scope of application.

2. What is a simple electronic signature?

A simple electronic signature is essentially a combination of login and password, confirmation code by email, SMS, USSD, and the like.

Any document signed in this way is, by default, not equivalent to a paper document signed by hand. This is a kind of statement of intent, which means the party agrees with the terms of the transaction, but does not participate in it.

But if the parties enter into an agreement to recognize an electronic signature as an analogue of a handwritten one in a personal meeting, then such documents may acquire legal significance. This, for example, happens when you connect an online bank to a credit or debit card. A bank employee identifies you by your passport, and you sign an agreement to connect to online banking. In the future, you use a simple electronic signature, but it has the same legal force as a handwritten one.

3. What is a strong unqualified electronic signature?

A strengthened unqualified electronic signature is two unique sequences of characters that are uniquely related to each other: the electronic signature key and the electronic signature verification key. To form this link, cryptographic information protection tools are used ( Cryptographic information protection tools (CIPF) are tools that allow you to sign digital documents with an electronic signature, as well as encrypt the data they contain, thereby helping to reliably protect them from interference by third parties. CIPF is implemented in the form of software products and technical solutions.

"> CIPF). That is, it is more secure than a simple electronic signature.

The enhanced unqualified signature itself is not an analogue of a handwritten signature. It means that the document was signed by a specific person and has not been changed since then. But such a signature is usually valid only in conjunction with an agreement to recognize it as handwritten. True, not everywhere, but only in the document flow with the department (organization) with which such an agreement was signed.

4. What is an enhanced qualified electronic signature?

An enhanced qualified electronic signature differs from an enhanced unqualified one in that cryptographic information protection tools (CIPF) certified by the FSB of the Russian Federation are used to generate it. And only a certification center accredited by the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation can issue such a signature. In this case, the guarantor of authenticity is the qualified certificate of the electronic signature verification key provided by such a center. The certificate is issued on a USB drive. To use it, in some cases you may need to install additional software.

An enhanced qualified signature is an analogue of a handwritten signature. It can be used everywhere, but to use it with a number of organizations, you need to enter additional information into a qualified electronic signature certificate.

How to obtain an enhanced qualified electronic signature

To obtain an enhanced qualified electronic signature you will need:

• identification document;
• insurance certificate of compulsory pension insurance (SNILS);
• individual taxpayer number (TIN);
• the main state registration number of the record of state registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur (if you are an individual entrepreneur);
• an additional set of documents confirming your authority to act on behalf of the legal entity (if you receive the signature of a representative of the legal entity).

The documents must be submitted to an accredited certification center (you can find them in the list or on the map), whose employee, after establishing your identity and checking the documents, will write the certificate and electronic signature keys onto a certified electronic medium - an electronic card or flash drive. You can also purchase information cryptographic protection products there.

The cost of the service for providing a certificate and electronic signature keys is determined by the regulations of the accredited certification center and depends, in particular, on the scope of application of the electronic signature.

5. Does an electronic signature have an expiration date?

The validity period of an electronic signature verification key certificate (both qualified and unqualified) depends on the cryptographic information protection tool (CIPF) used and the certification center where the certificate was received.

Typically, the validity period is one year.

Signed documents are valid even after the expiration of the electronic signature verification key certificate.

6. What is ESIA and why is it needed?

The federal state information system “Unified System of Identification and Authorization” (USIA) is a system that allows citizens to interact with authorities online.

Its advantage is that a user who has registered once in the system (on the gosuslugi.ru portal) does not need to go through the registration procedure on government and other resources each time to gain access to any information or service. Also, to use resources that interact with the ESIA, you do not need to additionally identify your identity and equate a simple electronic signature with a handwritten one - this has already been done.

With the development of e-government and electronic document management in general, the number of resources interacting with the Unified Identification and Automation System is growing. Thus, private organizations can also use the ESIA.

Since 2018, a system for remote identification of clients of Russian banks and users of information systems began to operate, subject to registration in the Unified identification and authentication system and the citizen providing his biometric data (facial image and voice sample) to a unified biometric system. That is, you can receive banking services without leaving your home.

There are several account levels on the gosuslugi.ru portal. Using the simplified and standard levels, you sign applications with a simple electronic signature. But to gain access to all services, you need a verified account - for this you need to confirm your identity, that is, equate a simple electronic signature to a handwritten one.

On the website of the Federal Tax Service

Individuals, receiving services through a personal account on the website of the Federal Tax Service, use an enhanced unqualified signature, equivalent to a handwritten one. A verification key certificate can be obtained in your personal account, but personal identification and equating an electronic signature to a handwritten one occur at the level of entering your personal account: you can log in either using the login and password that are issued during a personal visit to the tax office, or using a confirmed account records on the gosuslugi.ru portal, or even using an enhanced qualified electronic signature.

But individual entrepreneurs and legal entities may need an enhanced qualified signature to receive services (for example, to register an online cash register).

On the Rosreestr website

Some of Rosreestr’s services (for example, submit an application, make an appointment) can be obtained using a simple electronic signature. But most services are provided to those who have an enhanced qualified electronic signature.

To participate in electronic trading

In order to participate in electronic trading, you need an enhanced qualified electronic signature.

Content

What is an electronic signature

It is an electronic signature, encrypted information that helps identify a legal entity or individual. It also provides the ability to verify document integrity and confidentiality. It is impossible to fake or copy a key, because outwardly it looks like a random sequence of characters that was formed under the influence of encoding using a crypto provider (a special encryption program).

Federal Law 63 describes 3 types of digital signature. Each of them has its own distinctive properties and characteristic features. You can get one of the signatures:

1. Reinforced unskilled.
2. Simple.
3. Enhanced qualified electronic signature.

For individuals

Each individual has the right to receive their own electronic signature key. To do this, you need to complete and submit an application with a certain set of documents, which will be described below. EDS can be used in the following cases:

1. When receiving services via the Internet from the state. The digital signature will provide full access to all services of the government portal. services.
2. It is possible to submit an application for admission to a university. You don’t have to stand in line or go somewhere, because documents certified by electronic signature are accepted by educational institutions.
3. When submitting an application for registration of an individual entrepreneur, legal entity. persons, applications to the tax authority.
4. If you work via the network, receive work from home from the Internet, then the electronic signature allows you to formally draw up documents in this case.
5. An electronic signature will be required for bidding if you wish to participate.

For legal entities

Electronic signatures offer wide possibilities for document management for legal entities. At the moment, you can carry out the following legal relations using it:

1. Online trading of services and goods.
2. Internal and external document flow.
3. Managing funds, paying bills, drawing up deposit agreements, obtaining loans.
4. Registration of real estate transactions.
5. You can participate in electronic auctions of corporate and government orders.
6. Prepare declarations of imported goods at customs.
7. It is allowed to generate reports to Rosstat, territorial bodies of the Federal Tax Service, and other regulatory structures.
8. Gain access to departmental systems.

Law on EDS

Electronic digital signature and its use are regulated on the basis of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Law of January 10, 2002. No. 1-FZ “On electronic digital signature”. EDS was used long before the publication of this act, but a comprehensive legal framework was laid down for the use of electronic signatures only in it. The purpose of the law is to facilitate commercial activities, create conditions for the development of information technologies, and improve the interaction of citizens with municipal authorities.

Key

Based on the basic principle of digital signature (signing documents), there are two types of keys: open (public) and closed (private). Here are the main differences between them:

Private key

Issued to the signatory for use on documents, letters, etc. It must be recorded on removable media and is confidential in nature and should be accessible only to the owner. If the file falls into the hands of an unauthorized person, the attacker will be able to sign any document and it is not possible to conduct a graphological examination in this case. The owner is solely responsible for how he uses the key. If the digital signature was lost, then you need to immediately contact the ACCC with a request to block it.

Public key

Used to decrypt the private key, it is available to anyone who wants to verify the authenticity of the sent document. In fact, it is a 1024-bit file that must be transmitted along with a letter with a closed digital signature. A sample (duplicate) of such a key must be submitted to the Certification Center in order to enter it into the appropriate database. The latter provide reliable storage, registration and protection of open digital signatures from distortion.

How to use

Before you make an electronic signature, you should figure out how it can be used. To do this, you do not need to have specific skills, but you do need to have a private and public key. If there are none, then the use of digital signature will not only be a lengthy process, but also illegal. To create an electronic signature on a document, you need to:

1. Download and install on your PC the programs that will be issued by the Certification Center. Be sure to install the entire kit, owner and center certificate.
2. Install the "Capicom" and "Cadescom" libraries.
3. To attach a key in Word 2007, click on the office button, then go to “Prepare”, then click “Add CPU”, click on “Write the purpose of signing the document”. Next, click on “Select signature” and click the “Sign” button.
4. When using the PDF format, you need to have special software modules. If you don't have it, install the latest version of Adobe Acrobat or Reader. To make a signature on a PDF file, the “CryptoPro PDF” module is suitable.
5. For an HTML form, attaching a key is easiest. A special “Sign and Send” button immediately appears.

Where to do

For those who are looking for how to issue an electronic signature, you should know which authorities are competent to provide such services. A regular digital signature is provided by government agencies. Manufacturing by private entities is not carried out, but is not prohibited by law. To obtain an electronic signature, you must initially contact the Unified Identification and Authorization System online or in person. EDS production is carried out by:

1. ESIA customer service centers, if you need a regular digital signature.
2. Certification centers (unaccredited ones are allowed) can make an unqualified type of key.
3. Only accredited CAs can make a qualified option.

How to get a digital signature

The cost of providing a key depends on the scope of further use. For example, for bidding, the price starts from 6,400 rubles. Ordering keys for the interdepartmental interaction system will cost from 3,650 rubles. To obtain it, you should contact the certification center, you need to do the following:

1. Find a certification center in your region; this institution has the appropriate license to issue electronic keys.
2. Submit the correct application. It will be processed within 1-5 days, after which an employee will contact you who will tell you what needs to be done next to verify the authenticity of the data. The list of required documents will be given below.
3. Next you need to get the private and public key. The CA will issue you an electronic and paper certificate.
4. To start using it, you must install all the software that will be issued by the CA.

Documents to be received

For those who are looking for how to make an electronic signature for themselves, please note that the data package for legal entities and individuals is different. The speed of consideration of the application and the procedure for checking the provided data depend on how correctly you prepare everything. If any information is missing, the consideration may be very delayed.

How to make an electronic signature for legal entities:

1. Signed, completed registration card. An appendix to the second section may be needed in two copies.
2. Charter of a legal entity (original), notarization (copy).
3. It is necessary to take documents that confirm the applicant’s authority as a manager.
4. Copies of the passport of the signatory, the applicant (1-4 pages), certified by handwritten signature, identification number.
5. Taxpayer registration card (copy).

How to make an electronic signature for individuals

1. Signed, completed registration card in two copies.
2. You need to make a copy of 1-4 pages of your passport with a handwritten signature and TIN.
3. You must make a copy of your taxpayer card.

Video: how to get a personal electronic signature

Enhanced Qualified Signature

How to install a certificate on a computer

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