Fastening doors in aerated concrete. Installation of lintels over windows in a house made of aerated concrete - the secrets of a modern master

Houses made of aerated concrete and foam concrete can be found in any cottage cooperatives. This is due to the fact that these materials are cheap, have excellent heat and sound insulation properties and can be decorated with various materials. Aerated concrete, decorated with decorative bricks, is no different from brick buildings from afar. After the construction of the frame and roof, it is necessary to begin interior work. Installing the entrance door to a house made of aerated concrete is a key step before finishing begins.

Installation of a metal door in aerated concrete can begin only after preparation. The gas block is a cellular material that crumbles when heavy loads. If intruders want to break into the premises, they will not open the metal door. It will be easier for them to tear it out with fastenings. Preparatory work depends on whether the house is new or old.

If the building is new, you need to mark the passage and cut it out using a large grinder. Next, the surfaces are leveled to the building level. If the house is old, you need to dismantle the frame and canvas. The door is removed from its hinges, and the frame is carefully detached from the walls and removed.

Important! Do not use rough tools during dismantling. Due to vibration, the integrity of the cellular material may be compromised.

Afterwards it is necessary to level the working surfaces. When there are no complaints about the level, the gas blocks need to be coated with a primer, which will protect them from the destructive effects of moisture. If there is no primer, you can use waterproofing tape, which comes with a self-adhesive part. Primer has a major advantage over tape. It strengthens the structure of the material 50 mm deep.

At the preparation stage, it is important to choose in order to know what size the passage should be. If the opening needs to be smaller, it can be filled with brick or cinder blocks. If you need to enlarge, use a hammer drill and a large grinder.

Materials and tools

Construction work must begin after preparing tools and consumables. You will need:

1. Hammer, hacksaw for cutting foam and gas blocks.
2. Big Bulgarian.
3. Hammer drill, screwdriver.
4. Accessories for power tools.
5. Construction level, tape measure, marking devices.
6. Polyurethane foam, fasteners.

Installation in aerated concrete opening entrance doors should begin after preparing everything necessary. Otherwise, you will have to interrupt the process and look for the missing tools.

Methods for installing doors in aerated concrete houses

You can install a door in an aerated concrete house in the same way as in buildings made of wood, metal, or panels. However, in this case, the fasteners may become loose over time, and the door leaf will not be able to perform main task- protect the premises from strangers.

To reliably protect yourself from intruders, cold, moisture and noise, you need to choose non-standard installation methods. There are three in total:

1. Fastening with anchors.
2. Installation on a welded frame.
3. Using wooden strapping.

Anchor mounting

It is considered the cheapest and easiest installation method. For fastening, special anchors are used that are suitable for cellular materials. Aerated concrete anchors are devices that are screwed into the block. At the moment of tightening, the fastener is divided into two parts and securely fixed in the wall. To increase reliability and strength, an adhesive mass is used. Before screwing in, holes are made in the wall, which are filled with glue, and the anchors are screwed into them. After hardening, the polymers securely hold the fasteners, preventing the door from loosening or falling out.

Installation on wood frame

Additional wooden trim is installed in aisles with increased load or when installing heavy door blocks. If there is a possibility that additional load will be applied to the canvas and the frame, wooden elements are installed. These can be individual bars, planks, slats or a box. The latter option allows you to evenly distribute the load across the opening.

Important! Before installing wood framing, you need to prepare the wood in advance. It must be impregnated with waterproofing and antifungal compounds.

The choice of wooden structure will depend on the weight of the door. If this is an interior panel made of fiberboard, chipboard, or MDF, you can install two parallel bars and secure anchors in them. However, if we're talking about For a heavy metal door, you need to assemble a full-fledged wooden frame, which will ensure reliable fixation of the door system.

Installation on a welded frame

It is considered a simple, reliable and durable way to strengthen the door block. It involves installing the box and canvas on a welded frame. It is made of iron corners and jumpers that connect the individual elements.

Step-by-step instructions for assembling a metal frame:

1. First of all, the dimensions of the passage are taken. Corners are cut along them. One set should go to the outside, the second to the inside.
2. When the corners are prepared, you need to weld two frames. To do this, metal elements are placed in their places and welded at the ends to each other. If the work is done correctly, you should end up with two rectangular frames.
3. After making the frames, it is necessary to make metal jumpers that will hold the rectangular structures together. To do this you will need a thin steel sheet (3 mm).
4. The frames are fixed to the wall using aerated concrete anchors and welded using metal jumpers.
5. Additionally, the jumpers are secured to the cellular blocks using self-tapping screws.
6. Next comes the installation of the door block. For this, 15-centimeter self-tapping screws are used, which must be screwed into the walls through metal jumpers.
7. When the door is installed level and without distortion, you can fill the empty spaces between the aerated concrete and the frame with insulation or sealant.
8. After installation along the contour, the door frame must be foamed with foam.

Features of installing heavy doors in aerated concrete

When installing heavy door blocks, builders recommend using anchors with adhesive filling. To do this, you need to pre-drill holes 15 cm deep in the cellular blocks and fix the spire with anchors in them. Next, the box is fixed to the prepared surfaces using self-tapping screws.

If a person plans to do the work independently, he should use the recommendations of specialists:

1. You cannot install the door on metal bars that have been hammered into blocks. During driving, the cellular structure is crushed and an initial backlash is formed. At first it will not be noticeable when the door is in use, however, over time it will become larger and disrupt the stability of the door.
2. The question often arises about how to install an entrance door in a house made of aerated concrete if the wall is insulated. To do this, you need to cut off the old thermal insulation material 20 cm from the box in all directions. After installation is completed, new insulation must be installed.
3. It is imperative to additionally insulate metal frames. They freeze quickly and allow cold to enter the room.
4. During installation of insulation, you must constantly check the building level and plumb line.

Adjusting the door leaf

Anyone can adjust the door system without additional skills. For example, you can get rid of squeaks by lubricating the moving elements. To do this, use a syringe filled with motor oil or WD-40.

If the sounds do not disappear, you need to carefully inspect the fastenings on the box. Sometimes the fastening bolts, screws or anchors are not “recessed” enough, and the canvas rubs against them when closing and opening. You need to tighten them tighter.

To get rid of minor distortion, you can use a hexagon. The new doors have the ability to adjust the position of the leaf vertically and horizontally. Typically, adjustment elements are located in hinges.

When installing doors in houses made of aerated concrete or foam blocks, it is necessary to pay Special attention cellular structure of these materials. It does not allow you to use classic methods installation You need to choose one of three installation options and carry out the work carefully.

Aerated concrete is a porous material, has high thermal insulation properties, low weight, and its dimensions can significantly reduce the construction time of objects. However, it has poor strength characteristics, so the structure of the blocks does not allow the use traditional methods installing a door into the wall of a house.

The main parameter questioned by developers encountering aerated concrete for the first time is its strength. That is why the opening is lined with brick or concrete to strengthen it. The optimal solution, of course, is to install a canvas whose size does not exceed 700 mm. Fastening with special elements will make the structure reliable and durable.

The width of a standard entrance door with a height of 2-2.3 m varies from 900 mm and more. Therefore, without special strengthening measures, the box may gradually become loose.

Several methods have been developed to strengthen the entrance and interior openings:

The width of the box should be 2-6 cm smaller size opening in order to be able to make fixation.

Aerated concrete is a fragile material, so the use of impact tools is not recommended. To install a door in a wall opening made of blocks, the frame is fastened with anchors and self-tapping screws.

Main stages of installation

The choice of method depends on factors such as the size and weight of the canvas, location and what functions will be performed.

1. Installation of small interior doors allows the use of embedded bars and fastening to anchors.
2. When installing interior and entrance doors made of wood, you can use embedded bars.
3. If a massive metal door is placed, then the gas block must be reinforced with a welded frame.

If you plan to install heavy metal doors, then it is better to use adhesive chemical anchors during installation.

• In gas blocks, holes 15 cm deep are drilled around the entire perimeter at a distance of no more than 60 cm from each other and filled with reagent.
• Anchors or threaded rods are installed in them.
• Additionally, the structure is fastened with self-tapping screws.
• The steel frame or garage hinges are attached at the final stage when chemical composition will freeze completely.

Of all the methods for a metal door, the most reliable is installation on embedded fasteners built into the walls during the construction of the structure.

If the opening is reinforced correctly, the aerated concrete will not lose its integrity and will reliably hold a door of any configuration and weight.

1. When arranging the frame for the front door, you need to make a U-shaped frame. Installation of partial (lateral) fastening is possible only when installing interior structures. A harness without a top beam does not provide the required rigidity.
2. Fastening the door to reinforcing bars is not acceptable. The porous structure of the block is deformed by impacts and fixation does not occur. The gap under impact load will gradually increase and the box will come out of the span.
3. Placing entrance doors using frame frames requires additional measures to protect against freezing through insulation.

If the design of the door set does not include a platband, then anchor screws or self-tapping screws are used to fasten the frame into the opening.

To prevent destruction of the gas block, the box must be installed so that the load is evenly distributed over its entire area. The position is checked by level until the structure is in place correctly. To fix the position, you can use wedges, after which the structure is secured with polyurethane foam.

Some builders confuse the technology of vertical reinforcement of walls made of aerated concrete blocks with the technology of constructing buildings based on a load-bearing monolithic reinforced concrete frame with floor-supported masonry made of aerated concrete blocks. The main difference between the technologies is that in the case of constructing a rear building with a load-bearing reinforced concrete frame, all loads are perceived and transmitted precisely by the frame, and not by the wall masonry. In this case, aerated concrete masonry acts as a heat-insulating non-load-bearing fence. Most often, the reinforced concrete frame is open to the street surfaces of the walls and is an excellent “cold bridge”. Vertical reinforcement is most often hidden in the thickness of a load-bearing or self-supporting aerated concrete wall, or open to the internal surfaces of the walls. By the way, for the two-story building in the picture below there was no structural need to construct a monolithic reinforced concrete frame. Aerated concrete of compressive strength class B2.0-B2.5 does not require additional reinforcement of walls, even to support reinforced concrete floor slabs. To support the floor slabs, it was enough to make a monolithic reinforced concrete strapping belt. Typically, this technology is used for the construction of multi-story buildings with the possibility of filling the walls with aerated concrete of the lowest density grade with the lowest thermal conductivity.

Vertical reinforcement of walls is a vertical reinforcement connection between the foundation of a building through an external triangular or rectangular groove, or through an intra-wall round channel, filled with heavy concrete, with an overlying monolithic strapping belt, or a support platform (depending on the purpose of the vertical reinforcement of the wall). Vertical reinforcement can be completed within one floor of the building, or continue across several or all floors.

In what cases do they resort to vertical reinforcement of walls made of aerated concrete?(cellular concrete):
1. Reinforcement of walls subject or potentially subject to lateral (lateral) loads (fences, free-standing walls, underground floors of buildings, basements, walls of buildings on steep slopes, walls of buildings in areas of mudflows, avalanches, in regions with strong winds, hurricanes and tornadoes, in earthquake-prone areas). It must be noted that horizontal reinforcement also gives increased seismic resistance to aerated concrete walls. However, walls with horizontal and vertical reinforcement have the best seismic resistance indicators.
2. Increasing the load-bearing capacity of aerated concrete building walls. For example, the use of vertical reinforcement allows the use of aerated concrete of minimum density, which has lower thermal conductivity, when laying walls.
3. Vertical reinforcement allows you to organize the perception and transmission of load from a significant concentrated load (for example, from a long-span I-beam).
4. Strengthening the masonry bonding of adjacent walls and corners with vertical reinforcement.
5. Strengthening openings in walls.
6. Strengthening small walls.
7. Vertical reinforcement of aerated concrete columns.
8. Vertical reinforcement of vertical large-format aerated concrete wall panels (not yet available on the Russian market).

Vertical reinforcement can be installed in special O-blocks supplied by many foreign manufacturers of aerated concrete products. You can also make O-blocks yourself using a drill with a crown with a diameter of 12-15 cm. You can also make openings in aerated concrete blocks rectangular section using a chainsaw or other power tool. The minimum diameter of reinforcement used for vertical reinforcement of aerated concrete walls is 14 mm. The gap between the reinforcement and the walls of the block is filled with heavy concrete of a grade not lower than M200. It is required that the distance from the reinforcement to the block wall be at least 5 cm. Under normal conditions, one rod is sufficient for vertical reinforcement. However, when absorbing a concentrated load, under conditions of increased seismicity, reinforcement with 4 reinforcement bars may be necessary. Another option for vertical reinforcement is cutting triangular or quadrangular grooves with inside walls for laying reinforcing bars in them. From the reinforcement bars to the walls of the grooves filled with concrete there must also be at least 5 cm.

Vertical reinforcement must be anchored into the base (foundation) and the upper piping of the aerated concrete wall. Anchors for vertical reinforcement can be laid at the stage of pouring the foundation, or performed after the foundation concrete has reached grade strength.

Cellular concrete, especially aerated concrete, quickly replaced the well-known cinder block and brick from the building materials market. The aerated concrete block has enough advantages, but there are also negative aspects. Due to porosity structural structure material, installing a door in an aerated concrete wall has its own characteristics.

Preparatory work

Many fear that due to porosity, aerated concrete blocks will quickly collapse. And installing a metal entrance door in aerated concrete will not provide a guarantee reliable protection housing, since attackers will simply tear it out without wasting extra time opening the locks. And they are not far from the truth - if the installation work of the door structure is carried out using conventional technology, then danger is quite likely.

We'll look at the insertion technology later, but now we should talk a little about preparatory activities. First of all, we note that it is recommended to order a door block with a gap.

The size of the entire structure should differ from the opening by 2–6 cm.

Before installing doors in aerated concrete, the block surface must be prepared. Experienced experts recommend simply pasting over external sides waterproofing, self-adhesive material (tape). Let us allow ourselves to disagree with this decision. The fact is that aerated concrete material is considered hygroscopic, and there is a high probability of moisture penetration in the connecting areas. This suggests the conclusion that it is best to treat the blocks with a waterproofing, strengthening primer, characterized by deep penetration. This way you can protect yourself from moisture and strengthen the block surface to a depth of five centimeters.

We recommend paying attention to the door block. It should be unpacked, inspected and components checked. In addition, make sure that the locking mechanisms are working and that the hinge overhangs are adjustable. If there is no protective film on the door block, you will have to cover the door with polyethylene material and seal the frame with masking tape.

The site itself is being prepared for the work. Protect nearby objects from possible damage and dust, choose the direction in which the door will open. If the door block is to be replaced, the old structure must be dismantled. For new houses this stage is irrelevant.

Materials and tools

To do all the work yourself, you need to prepare:

• a hammer drill with special drills for making holes;
• construction knife;
• small level;
• screwdriver set;
• anchor;
• hammer;

• three-meter tape measure;
• electric drill;
• hacksaw;
• chisel;
• clamps;
• square;
• metal corner;
• welder.

A set of basic tools is listed for installing metal and wood door structures.

Installation

So, how to install a door in aerated concrete walls? To do this, there are three main methods that builders prefer to use:

• on a special expansion or chemical anchor;
• on the frame of the opening made of wood;
• on a welded frame made of metal.

Each method has its positive and negative sides.

Anchoring

This simple and economical technique is suitable for installing a light and narrow structure that is not intended for significant loads during operation. To use this method, the fasteners supplied with the door structure are replaced with anchors for cellular concrete, which, according to the principle of their action, are divided into spacer and adhesive ones.

The working shank screwed into the wall splits into two parts and forms a spacer, reliably fixing the bolt in the loose concrete structure.

For adhesive anchors, holes are drilled in the wall and filled with polymer resins. Having hardened, this composite composition perfectly holds the threaded section of the anchor in the block.

Using such anchors, the door frame is secured in the opening in the usual way.

To reduce the ability of aerated concrete to absorb moisture and compact its structure, the opening is treated with a primer.

If you are going to install an iron door in aerated concrete, a double-leaf structure or a garage version, then at the points of attachment to the walls the aerated concrete blocks will endure significant deformation and impact loads, from which the opening will gradually begin to collapse.

To prevent crumbling in places where anchors are installed, door frames are installed on wood panels, strapping frames or embedded beams, ensuring uniform distribution of load forces over the entire door perimeter.

To make such intermediate elements, timber, thick plywood, and strong boards are used. Before the construction of the strapping, the wood material is treated with antiseptic compounds and dried.

A lightweight door can be installed on timber or panels placed in the opening using special glue and additionally secured with bolts. If the installation is carried out on separate pieces of boards, then all the spaces between the embedded elements are foamed.

The steel box is attached to a finished frame made of wood material using powerful self-tapping screws. If the door is heavy and bulky, then before installing it, a full-fledged frame made of durable timber is installed. This frame is fixed using adhesive anchors.

Having completed the installation of the strapping, loop overhangs are hung on it, or a door frame is attached.

Installation on a frame made of metal corner

To install a steel door in aerated concrete, you can strengthen the opening with a frame welded from steel corners and tightened with lintels to increase strength. This option is quite accessible and the most reliable, so the technology should be considered in detail.

If you are going to install entrance doors in an aerated concrete opening, then you need to weld the frame using a 35 - 40 mm angle. It is recommended to mount a solid door on a frame made from a 5 x 5 cm corner.

The sequence of work is as follows:

Sometimes craftsmen suggest attaching the box to reinforcement pins driven into the wall. You should not agree to this installation method, since it is not acceptable for an aerated concrete wall. The reinforcement will not be securely fixed in the wall and will compromise the integrity of the blocks. Even during installation work, there will be a slight play, which will later result in significant problems in the form of the exit of the box and opening.

Each installation option described above has its own advantages, but the most reliable fixation of the structure can only be ensured with the help of metal elements that are placed in the opening areas during construction work.

Conclusion

We looked at ways to install a door in an opening. You should not save on such work so as not to perform it again in the future. A properly installed door structure will reliably protect your home from strangers. Don't be afraid to do this kind of work yourself. Naturally, additional costs will be required for fastening, but their cost will be lower than paying for the services of a specialist.

There are certain standards in suburban construction, which include the correct technical concepts of how to build. Unfortunately, not all builders follow this truth, and therefore make various mistakes, which result in excessive investment of money in subsequent repair work.

In particular, quite often one can observe the demand for strengthening walls made of aerated concrete. Therefore, we simply have to talk about this work, due to the fact that it is constantly carried out by our specialists. So, about everything in order later in the article.

Aerated concrete is a fairly fragile building material that can be easily cut with a regular hacksaw if desired. And therefore, under significant loads, visible cracks appear in its structure - a natural consequence of the formation of pressure. This is especially noticeable when it is made in a country house. monolithic ceiling.

To prevent this from happening after construction is completed, experienced specialists suggest that the customer install additional vertical concrete supports, which significantly reduce the load on the walls. The basis of such supports is a concrete foundation of appropriate size and strength. And they support the monolithic floor itself, thereby easing the pressure on the stacked aerated concrete blocks.

What to do if such a stage of work was initially missed in the process of performing not entirely high-quality work. You can, of course, try to make such supports already inside existing walls. To do this, openings are cut out, formwork is installed, after which, having completed this process with reinforcement, a concrete solution made at the factory is poured. The liquid mass is supplied using concrete hoses and parallel normal physical efforts of people.

Sometimes it will be more effective to screed the walls with a profile pipe. To do this, first, the racks are placed in a vertical position with a minimum step, which should rest on the foundation, and they end at the place where the roof protrudes above the walls of the house. It is advisable to make sure that they additionally support the roof rafter system.

After this, horizontal installation of the profile pipe is performed. In this case, the steel must be installed inside the racks. Thus, this system will work better overall, which will bring more output effective result. A house made of aerated concrete then gets rid of this problem completely.

Strengthening the aerated concrete walls of a country house by other means, unfortunately, will not bring the expected result. Therefore, we recommend that you first study in detail this question with our specialists, as a result of which it will be possible to make further correct decisions, which will smoothly transform over time into a high-quality production process and a corresponding positive result.