Rating of Russian regions with increased social burden (in terms of the number of people with disabilities). Disability statistics in Russia Disability in Europe statistics
Disabled children are one of the most vulnerable social categories, behind formal reports, figures are not just someone's lives, but barely begun lives, sometimes spent in suffering.
How do children with disabilities live in Russia. What is their life like, are they starving?! How different is the life of disabled children from ordinary children?! This is what we will talk about today.
Fortunately, children do not perceive the world differently than adults, and the “stigma” - a disabled person (which literally means “unsuitable”) - does not sound as offensive to them as to the first.
Babies born with a pathology or those who have had health problems since early childhood are often calmer about their ailments and special situation than those who become seriously ill in adulthood.
Psychologists comment on this state of affairs by saying that adults, whose fate suddenly turned into a more limited course, knew a normal, productive life (and this is often more painful than when you don’t know what it is to live, “like all people”), and children , which was originally in special conditions, and there is nothing to compare with, they get used to being “other” a priori.
But everything is not quite so ... Disability, especially due to severe and incurable diagnoses, is always a disaster, even in childhood it happens, even in adulthood. Let's talk about the problems of disabled children and their parents in more detail.
How many disabled children are currently in Russia?
Some statistics.
“According to the Ministry of Health, in Russia in 2014 there were 540,837 disabled children. This is an increase of 3.7% by 2013 and an increase of 9.2% by 2010.”
In general, the number of disabled people (for example, compared to 2005-2007) in Russia has decreased ... but the number of disabled children has increased.
According to the UN, about 10-16% of the world's population has a disability (in an official form, or unofficial, that is, they have severe health problems).
“According to official statistics, about 10 million people with disabilities live in Russia, and according to the estimates of the Social Information Agency, at least 15 million, of which women make up at least 50%.”
In Russia, according to official data, there are about 27 million children (143 million people in the population as a whole), just 10-16% are those same 10-15 million people with disabilities, disabled children, if you follow the same logic - 2.5-3 million. Official statistics, as the opinions of competent experts say, are greatly underestimated, and quite a lot of parents do not register a child with a disability, despite a serious illness.
In general, official figures say that there are approximately 541,000 disabled children in Russia, while unofficial figures say that there are many times more of them.
About 12% of disabled children are in specialized boarding schools.
About how disabled children live in boarding schools in the NTV program “Who dooms children with disabilities to a painful life”
Neurological disorders are the most common cause of childhood disability:“Currently, on average in Russia, the first ranking place among the causes of childhood disability belongs to diseases nervous system(41.9%). In second and third places are mental disorders and congenital anomalies(33.7% and 17.8% respectively), in fourth place somatic diseases (diabetes, bronchial asthma etc.), amounting to 6.5%.
There are more and more children with mental disabilities, so, in comparison with the 1990s. today they are 40-50% more.
Doctors call the most negative factors affecting the formation of defects in a child - too young or "old" age of the mother, bad habits parents, work in a hazardous industry, life in an ecologically unfavorable area, burdened heredity, etc.
However, the age that we consider for mothers is already “old” (35 years) - for example, in some European countries, the time for the birth of the first child. Far from being a matter of age, although it is also in it ... Over the years, there are more and more abnormal cells in the body and the chances of giving birth healthy child decrease, but all this is exacerbated against the backdrop of poor ecology and an abundance of genetically modified products impregnated with nitrates and nitrites. And absolutely healthy young parents give birth to disabled children with severe malformations.
And now from the numbers, let's move on to life ...
The life of a parent of a child with a disability:
No matter how rude it may sound, because every parent has his most precious child and even a common illness for someone is a disaster for them, but disability disability is different. There are those who have diabetes, sometimes imperceptible outwardly paresis facial nerve, somatic diseases, and there are more "severe" children: those with oncology, cerebral palsy, autism in complicated forms, lack of limbs, etc.
About the life of disabled children and their parents in the program “The principle of action (the life of children with disabilities in Russia)”
Personal experience with parents different categories I can tell a sad and, for some, unpleasant truth about children with disabilities: those who have “heavier” children are often kinder and smarter than those who “achieved” a child’s disability in spite of, with a mild diagnosis. The latter often make an idol out of a child, suffer from problems that do not exist ... Of course, not all of them are like that, sometimes, if a child needs medicine, help - benefits will be a significant benefit.
A disabled child, especially a severe one, is ideally dedicated to the whole life. In families where there is such a child, problems always begin, and then either the parents unite for the sake of a goal, or the whole burden falls on one of them, most often on mothers ... About 50%, according to some data - 70-80% of fathers leave families with a disabled child. And what it means to pull such a child alone is difficult to imagine for someone who has not encountered similar problems.
Since a mother, if she has a well-developed maternal instinct and sincerely loves a child, takes care of her child, perhaps feeling guilty for the child’s illness, tries to somehow rehabilitate him, she forgets about herself.
Men, on the other hand, do not have a maternal instinct, and they often perceive the situation as if a woman has let herself go and has become a “brood hen”. Yes, and sick children are an unpleasant sight for everyone, only the mother has reserves, and for men, unhealthy offspring, among other things, is a blow to pride.
Mothers need to become successful and capable of everything, but very many do not have enough strength for this ... For example, mothers of children with severe autism, mental retardation have a high risk of developing mental disorders, nervous breakdowns. Mothers who fought the oncology of their children, but unsuccessfully ... buried their children - sometimes they cannot return to normal life at all.
But there are those who live in spite of and become stronger precisely because of the difficulties, there are women who find themselves in such difficult situation- Appreciate your life and the life of your child.
If the “feature” of the child is visible outwardly or if he is inadequate in behavior, these are almost always oblique glances from the outside. Unfortunately, our society is not yet familiar with inclusion and does not really strive for tolerance in relation to “not like everyone else”. If there were friends, there are fewer of them, or they disappear altogether. What a mother, what a child, in the absence of character, strong ties with the outside world, without active relatives, can be doomed to involuntary isolation.
Those who find themselves with a disabled child in an extremely impasse come up with thoughts of taking the child to specialized agency. Someone decides to do it. Once, even I, being in a comfortable position, condemned such people, but when I saw everything from the inside, I realized that no one has the right to condemn ...
The most surprising thing is when I once met two women who had very difficult children with cerebral palsy - they indignantly declared to someone that it was easier to send children to a boarding school that it was akin to murder, that you couldn’t have your “blood” so throw. I was struck by their attitude towards life and the great, powerful maternal instinct that manifested itself in them in such brightness. Probably, this is the image of a real mother, giving all of herself for the life of a child, no matter what it is ...
To say that raising children with disabilities is difficult is an understatement. Of course, much depends on the severity of the situation of the family or mother, but sometimes, to raise such a child, you really need to sacrifice your own life.
On forums, in Internet communities, and among the team of such mothers, there are many positive stories about how parents of "heavy" children cope. And, of course, it is better, instead of worrying about fate and depression, to change something and help correct the situation, rehabilitate the child, this, as a rule, is the most successful recipe for illness and longing.
There is another point that not all pitying parents of disabled children will take into account. Quite a few of the mothers and fathers of such children passively surrender, that is, the child lives with them, but they all “pull”, endure, and do not fight. They give up, fall into apathy, do not take care of the child, or, even worse, do not even understand the gravity of the situation, they are going to give birth to five more, when the already born one should be raised.
In the hospital, I met several times people who apply for disability for their children according to a mental profile (mental retardation) in order to receive a pension. For example, a 35-year-old woman with six children (three disabled mental retardation) - lives perfectly on a good amount for her from child benefits in rural conditions, it is clear that she drinks.
But the main thing is that her children are normal, she simply didn’t take care of them, she let them go, they were poorly dressed .. And nothing can be done: she’s not a complete drunkard, periodically sober, she takes care of the children’s health by registering disability in time, guardianship or taking away children, and as a rule, when it has already reached a critical point, or does not pay attention at all.
And in fact, there are enough such people, situations.
State assistance to disabled children and their parents
The pension for a disabled child at the moment is 12-13 thousand rubles. Depending on the diagnosis, there may be additional payments for orthopedic shoes, clothes, strollers. Benefits are provided (there is a preferential package - about 1,000 rubles, which you can refuse if you wish, and the amount will be included in your pension) for travel by transport, for medicines.
Different Russian regions have their own conditions for granting benefits to needy categories, somewhere can allocate land plot under construction, somewhere - they give a good discount when buying an apartment.
There are many foundations, societies, state specialized children's centers that work free of charge with disabled children and their parents. There are even foundations that work with children who have a certain diagnosis.
The main thing would be the desire to contact and rehabilitate the child - to contact and find the right people always possible. Volunteers can come to the house, both study and just sit, it is possible to attend events, concerts, theaters, various classes, participate in competitions, trips to camps, sanatoriums.
In addition, there is help, classes from social security.
According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, they are required to accept a child in any educational institution, both a school and a kindergarten, but there are not always conditions for learning there. Our country is still only taking small steps towards solving the issue of inclusive education. Many children with disabilities, especially those with mental disabilities, are educated at home.
At the moment, the communication of a child with pronounced physical or mental defects in a team where ordinary children can be difficult, especially if all teenagers. We don’t just have children, our adults are not accustomed to people with disabilities, what can we expect from small representatives of society ... True, according to personal, and not other people’s observations, there are a lot of kind kids among today’s youth who are loyal, friendly towards “ not like everyone else."
Chances of recovery in children with different diagnoses
Predictions about whether the child will become normal are of concern to all parents of children with disabilities. incurable severe forms oncology in last stage, unfortunately... If the disease is detected, as they say, on time and appropriate (usually expensive) therapy is started, there is a very large percentage of a successful outcome.
« Every year in Russia there are more than 5,000 children with cancer. Oncological diseases in Russia are detected in 12 children out of 1000.
Over the past 15 years, the number of cancer patients aged 0 to 18 in Russia has increased by 20% and is gradually increasing. This trend is observed all over the world. This is due not only to an increase in the number of cases, but also to improved diagnostics, including in the early stages.”
Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy need ongoing rehabilitation, regardless of the degree of the disease, even if mild form to let a child in - everything will get worse, there are cases when mothers "pulled out" almost completely paralyzed children.
God alone knows what will happen next, but often much more money means effort. And even those who do not have the opportunity to take a child abroad can do much more for him in the country, with faith in healing and appropriate actions.
No recovery from autism. Autism is a mysterious disease of our time, there is no cure for it. Partial rehabilitation is possible depending on the severity of the disease and the efforts of the parents. A child can master elementary communication skills, socialize, and with constant studies, begin to speak or respond to requests, signals. But in general, autism is not curable.
Any non-fatal diagnosis is not a sentence, only, depending on the severity of the disease, efforts are needed to rehabilitate a disabled child.
"Light" disabled people often have such an inclination in life, formed by their own parents, as dependency. They are used to being treated like crystal vase, blowing off dust particles, did not teach many banal things, regretting and doing everything for them. As a result, they grow up completely unadapted to the conditions. environment, non-independent. In addition to the fact that a child is disabled, he is also an ordinary child, with all the features and manifestations of character, and parents often forget about it.
Today, society is trying to get away from such flashy words as "Invalid", but in everyday life and in official speech, many still use it:
“The word 'disabled' (literally meaning 'unfit') is now increasingly being replaced by 'a person with handicapped". However, this established term is often used in the press and publications, as well as in regulatory and legislative acts, including in official UN materials.
Public organizations of people with disabilities believe that it is important to use terminology that is correct in relation to people with disabilities: “a person with a developmental delay” (and not “feeble-minded”, “mentally handicapped”), “polio survivor” (and not “polio victim”), “using wheelchair" (rather than "chained to wheelchair”), “has cerebral palsy” (and not “suffers from cerebral palsy”), “deaf”, “hard of hearing” (and not “deaf-mute”). These terms are more correct, as they weaken the division into “healthy” and “sick” and do not cause pity or negative emotions.”
There are more and more disabled children in Russia, children are a reflection of the situation in the world as a whole and a litmus test of society. There are new remedies that cure children with severe diagnoses, medicine invents new ways to fight diseases.
But something else remains at a primitive level (in some regions it is especially pronounced): the lack of adaptation of society to children with disabilities, it is not so much necessary to try to teach people with disabilities to make their way on their way, and how much to convince society that it is it that should adapt, accept disabled people. In the meantime, these small representatives of society, who have begun to realize their peculiarity, are forced to break through the thorns to the stars alone and alone, as pioneers and often unsuccessfully.
About 15% of the world's population has some form of disability. Of these, 2-4% of people experience significant difficulties in functioning. The prevalence of disability in the world exceeds previous WHO estimates made in the 1970s, at about 10%. The global estimate of disability is rising due to population aging and the rapid spread of chronic diseases, as well as improvements in the methodologies used to measure disability rates.
The first-ever WHO/World Bank "World Report on Disability" looks at the evidence on the status of people with disabilities around the world. After chapters on understanding and measuring disability, the report contains chapters on specific health topics; rehabilitation; help and support; an enabling environment; education; and employment. Each chapter discusses the barriers faced by persons with disabilities, as well as case studies on how countries are addressing these challenges by promoting good practice. The report concludes with nine specific policy and practice recommendations that can lead to real improvements in the lives of people with disabilities.
Summary
The summary of the report contains the main ideas and recommendations. The abstract of the report is available in easy-to-read, audio and screen reader formats. Braille versions (in English, Spanish and French) can be ordered at:
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CV in Russian, PDF 620.58 KB
pdf, 1.64Mb
Resume in Russian in an accessible format- World Report on Disability
zip, 6kb
Foreword in DAISY format - World Report on Disability
zip, 7kb
Appeal to readers in DAISY format
According to the WHO, the level of disability in the world averages 10% - that is, every tenth inhabitant of the planet is disabled.
Yes, in Russian Federation officially registered and registered disabled people make up less than 6% of the population, while in the USA it is almost a fifth of all residents.
Kholostova E.I. and Dementieva N.F. indicate that “this is, of course, not due to the fact that citizens of the Russian Federation are much healthier than Americans, but to the fact that certain social benefits and privileges are associated with the status of disability in Russia. Persons with disabilities strive to obtain an official status of disability with its benefits, which are essential in the face of a shortage of social resources; the state, on the other hand, limits the number of recipients of such benefits to fairly strict limits.
As of January 1, 2005, the number of persons with disabilities of all categories in Kazakhstan amounted to 413.6 thousand people, or about 3% of the total population (according to the data of the MoT and SZN RK).
According to the information and reference material of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, there are more than 60 million disabled people in China, which is 5% of the population, in the United States - 54 million disabled people, which is 19%. Increase total number of disabled people in all developed countries of the world and, especially, the number of children with disabilities (there are from 0.12% in the UK to 18% in Canada of the total number of disabled people) has made the problem of disability prevention and prevention of childhood disability among the national priorities of these countries.
Despite the increasingly impressive advances in medicine, the number of people with disabilities is not only not declining, but is steadily increasing, and in almost all types of societies and all social categories of the population. This trend is also confirmed by sociological research methods, the results of which are shown in the figure.
Fund experts survey results public opinion:
FOM database, 29.09.2000, Survey of experts
DISABLED PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
QUESTION: Do you think the number of disabled people in Russian society is increasing, decreasing, or staying the same?
QUESTION: Are there disabled people among your relatives, friends or acquaintances or not?
There are many different causes of disability. Depending on the cause of occurrence, three groups can be conditionally distinguished: a) hereditarily conditioned forms; b) associated with intrauterine damage to the fetus, damage to the fetus during childbirth and in the most early dates child's life; c) acquired in the process of development of the individual as a result of diseases, injuries, other events that led to a permanent health disorder.
There are forms of disability, in the origin of which hereditary and other (infectious, traumatic) factors interact. In addition, it is often not so much the objective state of his health that makes a person disabled, but the inability (due to various reasons) of himself and society as a whole to organize full-fledged development and social functioning in conditions of just such a state of health.
Unfortunately, it should be noted that a significant part of both childhood and adult pathologies is caused by insufficient or poor-quality development. medical services. This, for example, can be a direct consequence of inaccurate diagnosis, errors in delivery, incorrect, inconsistent or insufficient treatment. If modern diagnostic equipment is concentrated only in large centers, its services are inaccessible to the majority of the population.
Of course, the intensive development of technology, transport technologies and urban processes, not accompanied by the humanization of technical impacts, leads to an increase in man-made injuries, which also leads to an increase in disability.
The tense state of the environment, the growth of the anthropological load on the enclosing landscape, environmental disasters like an explosion on Chernobyl nuclear power plant, lead to the fact that technogenic pollution affects the increase in the frequency of genetic pathologies, the decrease in the body's defenses, the emergence of new previously unknown diseases. Deterioration of the state of the environment, unfavorable ecological conditions lead to an increase in health pathologies for both children and adults.
An analysis of data on the causes of primary disability for 2004 in the Republic of Kazakhstan showed that the so-called environmental causes of primary disability due to environmental emergencies are becoming increasingly important - for example, 2% of all causes or third place (after common disease and disability since childhood), is the cause of disability due to diseases associated with nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, which confirms the high significance of the influence environmental factors on the state of health of the population and, as its integral indicator, on the level of disability of the population of the republic.
Paradoxically, the very successes of science, primarily medicine, have their reverse side in the growth of a number of diseases and the number of people with disabilities in general. This is due to the fact that in all countries at the stage of industrial development there is a significant increase in life expectancy and diseases of old age become an inevitable companion of a significant part of the population. The United Nations, which leads the 21st century research program on aging, has named 1999 the Year of the Older Person. The number of cases of various disorders and disabilities increases with age (Graph 1). According to the World Program of Action for Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the resolution of the UN General Assembly on December 3, 1982, “In most countries the number of older people is increasing, and already in some of them two thirds of disabled people are also elderly.”
Schedule. Age-specific prevalence of disability (according to the United Nations Guidelines for the Development of Statistical Information for Programs and Policies on Persons with Disabilities).
hot topic modern society- The issue of “Older Persons and Disabilities” is covered by the Report of the Commission social development Second World Assembly on Aging, held in Madrid on April 2, 2002, which defined the goal and measures to address this problem. To achieve the set goal: Maintaining maximum functional potential throughout life and promoting the full participation of older people with disabilities in all aspects of society, the Assembly recommended the following Measures:
a) Ensure that national disability policy and program coordinating agencies pay attention to issues relating to older persons with disabilities in their work;
b) Development, as appropriate, of national and local policies, legislation, plans and programs for the treatment and prevention of disability, taking into account health, environmental and social factors;
c) Provision of physical and mental rehabilitation for the elderly, focusing on Special attention those who have received a disability;
d) Development of community programs to raise awareness about the causes of disability and about measures to prevent or adapt to disability throughout life;
e) Setting standards and creating conditions that take into account age features in order to prevent disability and prevent the exacerbation of its symptoms;
f) Promoting the construction of housing for older people with disabilities that reduces barriers to independent living and promotes such self-reliance; ensuring that older people, where possible, have access to public places, transportation and other services, as well as commercial buildings and services open to the general public;
g) Facilitate the provision of rehabilitation and appropriate care services for older people, as well as their access to appropriate technologies, so that they can meet their needs for support services and full integration into society;
g) Ensuring that pharmaceuticals or medical technologies are accessible to all, without any discrimination, including the most vulnerable segments of the population, and that they are affordable and accessible to all, including socially vulnerable groups.
Encourage employers to be responsive to older people who remain able to work and are available for paid or volunteer work.
This report highlights that the incidence of various disorders and disabilities increases with age. Women are particularly vulnerable to disability in old age due, inter alia, to differences between men and women in life expectancy and resistance to disease, and to inequalities between men and women throughout their lives.
At the present stage, it has become possible to save many children who, having been born with certain defects, were previously doomed to “natural dropout”. The emergence of new drugs and technical means keeps them alive and in many cases allows to compensate for the consequences of the defect. But in other cases, at the same time, the number of persons with certain pathologies which originate precisely in these prenatal and perinatal deviations, the circumstances of the first days or months of a child's life.
Compared to other areas of statistics such as the labor force, education, women, the elderly, disability statistics were not well developed and used. It is only very recently that countries have begun to recognize the relevance and importance of such statistics for developing more effective policies and programmes.
Both global and regional legal acts on Disability emphasize the importance of proper data collection. World Program of Action for Persons with Disabilities (1982), Standard Provision Rules equal opportunity for Persons with Disabilities (1993) and the cornerstone agreement on human rights in the field of disability - the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol, adopted in 2006 - speak of the need for proper collection of information that would allow the protection, promotion and realization of the rights of persons with disabilities. The Biwako Millennium Action Framework for an Open, Accessible and Equitable Society for People with Disabilities in Asia and the Pacific (BMF) - Regional Policy Guide for the Second Asia-Pacific Disability Decade - and Biwako Plus Five , an appendix to the BMF, emphasize the need for the development of valid, reliable and internationally comparable disability statistics in order to create effective policies and projects on disability.
Initially, disability statistics were conceived as a count of people who are divided into certain groups - "blind", "deaf", "wheelchair users" - in order to determine who is eligible for benefits. With a very limited purpose, this categorical approach gives a fragmented and distorted picture of disability, as it assumes that persons with disabilities fall unequivocally into several clearly delineated categories.
However, disability statistics can give a large number of information about life experience people with disabilities, starting with impairments, difficulties in exercising and participating in activities, and the barriers they face in their lives. Information about one person can be extrapolated to the entire population - for example, to determine the prevalence of areas of disability - and further developed by adding demographic or other characteristics of the population, such as age, gender, race and socioeconomic status.
With a broader understanding of disability, disability statistics can play a role important role in all policy areas and at all stages from design and implementation, monitoring and evaluation of performance, to cost-benefit analysis. Politics without good and reliable data is blind work, potentially costly and useless; it is a policy without evidence and scientific basis. Inaccurate or incomplete data on disability, which are common in the developing world, can be even worse than no data at all.
Below are some specific reasons Why national disability statistics and reliable databases of disability are important for national policy:
The aspirations of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Standard Rules and the BMF, Biwako Plus Five to protect and promote the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities without reliable data to monitor and evaluate progress towards these goals are just beautiful words.
Functional status information is essential for determining needs, as two people with the same impairment may have different difficulties in performing certain activities and therefore have different needs that require different types intervention.
Functional status data is important in determining the broader social needs of persons with disabilities, such as the provision of assistive technologies for use in the workplace or in education or in the development of general policies and laws.
Disability data is important for monitoring the quality and impact of policies implemented for people with disabilities. In particular, these data help identify policy outcomes that make the participation of people with disabilities in all areas social life from transport and communication to participation in religious and social life as much as possible.
Finally, with reliable and complete disability statistics, government agencies will have tools in their arsenal to assess the cost-effectiveness of policies for people with disabilities, which in turn can provide evidence to convince the government of their ultimate benefit to all citizens.
At the international and regional levels, there are clear goals that we can turn to.
World Program of Action for Persons with Disabilities (1982)
Standard Rules for the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (1993)
· Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol (2006).
In 2001, in response to a proposal made during the UN International Workshop on Disability Measurement, the Washington Group on Disability Statistics was formed. Since then, the Group has brought representatives from different countries together to work on important methodological issues to improve disability data and, in particular, facilitate comparability of data around the world. The primary task of the Group is to formulate general issues on disability that can be used in population censuses and national surveys. Along the way, the Panel offers guidance on the goals it has adopted as the overriding goals for disability statistics:
· assistance in the development and evaluation of programs and policies for the provision of services;
monitoring the level of functioning among the population; and
· Evaluation of the level of equal opportunities.
On a regional scale, important goals disability statistics have been set out in BMF (2002). The BMF has identified the following seven priority areas for governments in the Asia-Pacific region:
· self-help organizations for people with disabilities and related associations of families and parents;
women with disabilities
timely detection, timely intervention and education;
· training and employment, including self-employment;
the accessibility of the built environment and public transport;
Access to information, means of communication, including information and
communication and assistive technologies;
poverty alleviation through capacity building, system development social insurance and sustainable livelihoods.
Each of these areas was partially missed due to the lack of sufficient data on persons with disabilities.
State statistical reporting today does not allow assessing the structure of disabled people by sex, age and severity of the disease and unambiguously determine their number. In it, for example, the number of pensioners, recipients of a disability pension is given; the number of persons recognized as disabled for the first time; the number of recipients of monthly payments in the system of social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases and other indicators that are designed to assess the state of a particular issue related to people with disabilities, but do not allow for a complete, clear and consistent picture of the disability of the country's population.
On Fig. 6 shows the results of calculating the number of disabled people in the population differentiated by age and severity of disability, both in absolute and relative terms.
Rice. 6.
It can be seen that the number of disabled people has significant age fluctuations caused by demographic waves. At the same time, the proportion of people with disabilities in the population increases monotonically approximately according to an exponential law, and the deviation from this trend after 80 years is apparently due to the small volume of observations at these ages. If we turn to the structure of disabled people according to the severity of the disease, it is easy to see that at all ages disabled people of the second group predominate, and the ratio of the number of disabled people of the first and third groups depends on age. Yes, before retirement age more disabled people of the third group, and after retirement age - disabled people of the first group. Estimated at 9.233 million people. 16% less than the estimate of the Ministry of Health, according to which the number of disabled people in Russia is about 11 million people. In this regard, it should be noted that estimates of the number of persons with disabilities in the population obtained from different methods, vary greatly, in addition, different sources of information operate with different definitions of disability, which also explains the discrepancies that arise.
Thus, today in Russia already about 7% of the population is disabled of varying severity. The scale of the country's disability becomes more evident if we turn to the one shown in Fig. 7 dynamics of the level of primary disability, i.e. the number of citizens recognized as disabled for the first time. It can be seen that between 1975 and 2010 there is a steady increase in the number of primary disabled people - every year in Russia more than a million people become disabled.
This trend leads to an increase in the proportion of people with disabilities in the population, however, the growth rate of the number of people with disabilities is restrained by a number of factors, among which a special place is occupied by more high level mortality of disabled people compared to the mortality of non-disabled people, i.e. excess mortality of the disabled.
Rice. 7.
The contribution of excess mortality of disabled people to this process is illustrated in Fig. 8, which shows the relative number of disabled people (as a share of their actual number in the population of the corresponding age), calculated on the assumption that the mortality of disabled and non-disabled people is the same and equal to the population.
Fig.8.
The calculations were carried out using demographic tables of the number of persons recognized as disabled for the first time per 10,000 people of the population of the Russian Federation, developed by the Independent Actuarial Information and Analytical Center based on data from the State Statistics Committee of Russia on primary disability.
With age, the difference between the calculated and actual number of disabled people constantly increases, and by the age of 50, the estimated number exceeds the actual number by more than two times, approximately remaining at the indicated level even at older ages. Note that if we carry out similar calculations, but at the same time use a higher mortality among disabled people (depending on age, the mortality rate of disabled people varies by 0.06 ... 0.09), then we can achieve equality between the calculated and actual assessment of their level of excess mortality. However, this estimate will be approximate, because In addition to mortality, the number of people with disabilities in the population is affected by a number of additional factors that were not taken into account in this calculation.
The construction of accurate tables of disability mortality suitable for actuarial calculations in the field of disability pension insurance requires the collection of special statistical information and the development of special methods for its analysis.
The disability of society is the scourge of our time!
As of 01.01.2018 the number of disabled people in Russia is - 11,750,000.0 for a population of 146,800,000.0 people. Just think about these figures, this is about 8% of the population.
1,083,000.0 are citizens who received their disability from childhood, their number is 9.21% of total disabled people in Russia. For children, the statistics are also sad, as of 01/01/2018. disabled children under 18 years old in the Russian Federation - 655,000.0 is 5.6% of the total number of disabled people.
If you look at the statistics, the percentage of children with disabilities is growing, despite the demographic decline. The population is practically unchanged, only due to migration growth. The natural increase has been in huge minus since 1992.
The number of disabled children registered in the pension fund system of the Russian Federation
The results of primary examinations of children under the age of 18 and recognized as disabled in the category "disabled child"
The results of re-examination of disabled children under the age of 18 and were repeatedly recognized as disabled in the category "disabled child"
If we take into account children who were first recognized as disabled due to diseases of the nervous system, as well as children with mental disorders and behavioral disorders, the picture is not at all rosy.
Also pay attention to the statistics by region. There are regions where there are many times more children with disabilities than the average throughout Russia.
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The number of disabled children under 18 in the Russian Federation as of 01/01/2018 - 655014 people |
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the Russian Federation |
Population by region |
Number of disabled children under 18 by region |
Amount of children |
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Central federal district |
39209582 |
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Belgorod region |
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Bryansk region |
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Vladimir region |
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Voronezh region |
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Ivanovo region |
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Kostroma region |
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Kursk region |
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Lipetsk region |
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Moscow region |
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Oryol Region |
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Ryazan Oblast |
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Smolensk region |
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Tambov Region |
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Tver region |
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Tula region |
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Yaroslavskaya oblast |
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Moscow |
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Northwestern Federal District |
13899310 |
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Republic of Karelia |
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Komi Republic |
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Arhangelsk region |
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including Nenets aut. county |
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Arkhangelsk region without author. districts |
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Vologda Region |
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Kaliningrad region |
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Leningrad region |
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Murmansk region |
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Novgorod region |
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Pskov region |
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Saint Petersburg |
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Southern federal district 3) |
16428458 |
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Republic of Adygea |
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Republic of Kalmykia |
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Republic of Crimea |
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Krasnodar region |
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Astrakhan region |
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Volgograd region |
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Rostov region |
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Sevastopol |
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North Caucasian Federal District |
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The Republic of Dagestan |
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The Republic of Ingushetia |
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Kabardino-Balkarian Republic |
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Karachay-Cherkess Republic |
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Republic of North Ossetia - Alania |
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Chechen Republic |
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Stavropol region |
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Volga Federal District |
29636574 |
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Republic of Bashkortostan |
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Mari El Republic |
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The Republic of Mordovia |
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Republic of Tatarstan |
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Udmurt republic |
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Chuvash Republic |
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Perm region |
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Kirov region |
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Nizhny Novgorod Region |
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Orenburg region |
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Penza region |
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Samara Region |
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Saratov region |
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Ulyanovsk region |
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Ural federal district |
12345803 |
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Kurgan region |
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Sverdlovsk region |
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Tyumen region |
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including Khanty-Mansiysk Aut. district - Yugra |
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Yamalo-Nenets Aut. county |
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Tyumen region without author. constituencies |
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Chelyabinsk region |
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Siberian Federal District |
19326196 |
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Altai Republic |
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The Republic of Buryatia |
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Tyva Republic |
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The Republic of Khakassia |
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Zabaykalsky Krai |
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Irkutsk region |
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Novosibirsk region |
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Omsk region |
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Tomsk region |
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Far Eastern Federal District |
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The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) |
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Kamchatka Krai |
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Primorsky Krai |
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Amurskaya Oblast |
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Magadan Region |
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Sakhalin region |
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Jewish auth. region |
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Chukchi aut. county |
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1) According to pension fund Russian Federation. |
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2) Since 2015, taking into account the number of disabled people in the Crimean |
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3) Starting from 2016, information on the Republic of Crimea |
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All data obtained from the official website Federal Service state statistics. And taking into account the fact that in Russia there has been no natural increase in the population since 1993, the statistics are not entirely accurate, because. in the population, migration growth is taken into account, which is very high - 250/300 thousand annually. According to statistics, an average of 700 thousand people since 1992. declined every year.
From 2007 to 2017 state programs support managed to reduce the population decline to 118 thousand on average per year. But here, too, there are kinks. Since Russia began to fight against infant mortality and nurse non-viable children born at short terms, the number of disabled children has increased. Almost every premature baby is at risk for cerebral palsy.
Let's hope that our State keeps abreast, and will continue to take steps aimed at the health of the nation, to increase natural growth. And it would be great to give the parents of sick children the opportunity to go to work and benefit the State, give birth to healthy children. By creating kindergartens with medical services for children with disabilities, where they accept not only walking children, but also those who do not serve themselves. Thus, it would be possible to save many families from disintegration, to enable mothers of such children to realize themselves in the professional sphere, to give birth to a healthy child in the future, thanks to State support measures.