The difference between definitely personal and indefinitely personal. Vaguely personal suggestions

01.10.2019 -

This video lesson covers the topic “Indefinite-personal sentences”. The teacher will review various examples one of the types of one-part sentences. He will explain what structure the main member of an indefinite-personal sentence can have, and give examples that will help to better understand how this knowledge is applied.

Topic: One-part sentences

Lesson: Vaguely Personal Sentences

Vaguely personal sentences are one of the types of one-part sentences in which the main member of the sentence has a structure and properties similar to the structure and properties predicate.

In vaguely personal proposals the main term is expressed:

3rd person singular verb of the imperative mood:

Let them talk;

Plural verb of the past tense of the indicative mood:

To you called from school;

Plural conditional verb:

If would me in advance they said, I would wait;

Plural verb of the present indicative mood:

In Moscow you waiting and very love.

The main members of indefinite-personal sentences can have a structure not only simple verb, but also compound verbal and compound nominal predicate:

As soon as they arrived, they started to treat And question about life in the capital. In this house they always were happy.

In this type of sentence, as in definitely personal ones, an action or some sign of a person is reported, but the focus is on the action itself, and not its subject. The subject of the action is indefinite:

He is either completely unknown:

Somewhere far away hit into the drums

Either in this situation it is not important:

To you wrote, asked to send finished article.

Vaguely personal proposals must be distinguished from two-part incomplete sentences with a predicate in the same forms:

We tried there call. They called long, but that's what we need didn't answer.

They calledfor a long time in this case - incomplete sentence, since it tells us about the actions of specific individuals, and

they never answered us - vaguely personal sentence because the subject of this action is unknown.

Vaguely personal proposals may have generalized meaning, especially in proverbs, aphorisms, poetic speech, as well as in sentences containing various instructions, ethical standards, etc.:

Chicks in the fall think. According to clothes meet, wisely see off. (Proverbs)

Days late autumn scold usually (A. Pushkin).

1. Bagryantseva V.A., Bolycheva E.M., Galaktionova I.V., Litnevskaya E.I. and others. Russian language.

2. Barkhudarov S.G., Kryuchkov S.E., Maksimov L.Yu., Cheshko L.A. Russian language.

3. Tests. One-part sentences ().

2. Complete academic reference book edited by V.V. Lopatina ().

3. All about one-part sentences ().

Parse pairs of sentences based on structure and meaning.

1. The painting by Borovikovsky was restored last year. Last year the artist Simonov restored a painting by Borovikovsky.

2. The watch workshop perfectly adjusted the antique watch. The watchmaker adjusted the antique clock perfectly.

3. The newspapers report a new world record for a Russian weightlifter. A newspaper correspondent reported on a new world record for a Russian weightlifter.

4. The schools in our village are fond of table tennis. Schoolchildren in our village are fond of table tennis.

The contrast between two-part and one-part sentences is associated with the number of members included in the grammatical basis.

Two-Part Sentences contain two main members - subject and predicate.

The boy is running; The earth is round.

One-part sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate).

Evening; It's getting dark.

Types of one-part sentences

Principal term expression form	Examples	Correlative constructions two-part sentences
1. Sentences with one main member - PREDICATE
1.1. Definitely personal proposals
Predicate verb in the 1st or 2nd person form (there are no past tense or conditional forms, since in these forms the verb has no person).	I love thunderstorms in early May. Run after me!	I I love thunderstorms at the beginning of May. You run after me!
1.2. Vaguely personal proposals
Verb-predicate in the third person plural form (in the past tense and conditional mood, verb-predicate in the plural).	They knock on the door. There was a knock on the door.	Someone knocks on the door. Someone knocked on the door.
1.3. Generalized personal proposals
They do not have their own specific form of expression. In form - definitely personal or indefinitely personal. Isolated by value. Two main types of value: A) the action can be attributed to any person; B) the action of a specific person (speaker) is habitual, repetitive, or presented in the form of a generalized judgment (the predicate verb is in the 2nd person singular, although we are talking about the speaker, that is, the 1st person).	You can't take the fish out of the pond without difficulty(definitely personal in form). Chickens are counted in the fall(in form - vaguely personal). You can't get rid of the spoken word. You’ll have a snack at the rest stop, and then you’ll go again.	Any ( any) can’t easily take the fish out of the pond. All Chickens are counted in the fall. Any ( any) counts chickens in the fall. From the spoken word any won't let go. I I’ll have a snack at the rest stop and then go again.
1.4. Impersonal offer
1) Predicate verb in impersonal form (coincides with the singular, third person or neuter form).	A) It's getting light; It was getting light; I'm lucky; b) Melting; V) To me(Danish case) can't sleep; G) by the wind(creative case) blew the roof off.	b) The snow is melting; V) I'm awake; G) The wind tore off the roof.
2) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	A) It's cold outside; b) I'm cold; V) I'm upset ;	a) there are no correlative structures; b) I'm freezing; V) I'm sad.
3) A compound verbal predicate, the auxiliary part of which is a compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	A) To me sorry to leave with you; b) To me gotta go .	A) I I don't want to leave with you; b) I have to go.
4) Compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - short passive participle past tense in singular, neuter form.	Closed . Well said, Father Varlaam. The room is smoky.	The store is closed. Father Varlaam said smoothly. Someone smoked in the room.
5) The predicate no or a verb in an impersonal form with a negative particle not + an object in the genitive case (negative impersonal sentences).	No money. There was no money. There is no money left. There wasn't enough money.
6) The predicate no or a verb in the impersonal form with a negative particle not + an object in the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither (negative impersonal sentences).	There is not a cloud in the sky. There wasn't a cloud in the sky. I don't have a penny. I didn't have a penny.	The sky is cloudless. The sky was cloudless. I don't have a penny. I didn't have a penny.
1.5. Infinitive sentences
The predicate is an independent infinitive.	Everyone keep quiet! Be a thunderstorm! Let's go to the sea! To forgive a person, you need to understand him.	Everyone keep quiet. There will be a thunderstorm. I would go to the sea. To you could forgive the person, you must understand him.
2. Sentences with one main member - SUBJECT
Nominative (nominative) sentences
The subject is a name in the nominative case (there cannot be a circumstance or addition in the sentence that would relate to the predicate).	Night . Spring .	Usually there are no correlative structures.

Notes

1) Negative impersonal sentences ( No money; There's not a cloud in the sky) are monocomponent only when expressing negation. If the construction is made affirmative, the sentence will become two-part: form genitive case will change to the nominative case form (cf.: No money. - There is money; There is not a cloud in the sky. - There are clouds in the sky).

2) A number of researchers form the genitive case in negative impersonal sentences ( No money; There's not a cloud in the sky) is considered part of the predicate. In school textbooks, this form is usually treated as an addition.

3) Infinitive sentences ( Be silent! Be a thunderstorm!) a number of researchers classify them as impersonal. They are also discussed in the school textbook. But infinitive sentences differ from impersonal sentences in meaning. Main part impersonal offers denotes an action that arises and proceeds independently of the actor. In infinitive sentences the person is encouraged to take active action ( Be silent!); indicates inevitability or desirability active action (Be a thunderstorm! Let's go to the sea!).

4) Many researchers classify denominative (nominative) sentences as two-part sentences with a zero connective.

Pay attention!

1) In negative impersonal sentences with an object in the form of the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither ( There is not a cloud in the sky; I don't have a penny) the predicate is often omitted (cf.: There is not a cloud in the sky; I don't have a penny).

In this case, we can talk about one-component and at the same time incomplete sentence(with the predicate omitted).

2) The main meaning of denominative (nominative) sentences ( Night) is a statement of being (presence, existence) of objects and phenomena. These constructions are possible only when the phenomenon is correlated with the present time. When changing tense or mood, the sentence becomes two-part with the predicate be.

Wed: It was night; It will be night; Let there be night; It would be night.

3) Denominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain adverbials, since this minor member usually correlates with the predicate (and there is no predicate in denominative (nominative) sentences). If a sentence contains a subject and a circumstance ( Pharmacy- (Where?) around the corner; I- (Where?) to the window), then it is more expedient to parse such sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with the predicate omitted.

Wed: The pharmacy is / is located around the corner; I rushed / ran to the window.

4) Denominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain additions that are correlated with the predicate. If there are such additions in the sentence ( I- (for whom?) behind you), then it is more expedient to parse these sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with the predicate omitted.

Wed: I'm walking/following you.

Plan for parsing a one-part sentence

Determine the type of one-part sentence.
Indicate those grammatical features of the main member that allow the sentence to be classified specifically as this type of one-part sentence.

Sample parsing

Show off, city of Petrov(Pushkin).

The sentence is one-part (definitely personal). Predicate show off expressed by a verb in the second person imperative mood.

A fire was lit in the kitchen(Sholokhov).

The sentence is one-part (indefinitely personal). Predicate lit expressed by a verb in the plural past tense.

With a kind word you can melt a stone(proverb).

The proposal is one-part. The form is definitely personal: predicate melt it expressed by a verb in the second person future tense; in meaning - generalized-personal: the action of the predicate verb refers to any character (cf.: A kind word will melt any stone).

It smelled wonderful of fish.(Kuprin).

The sentence is one-part (impersonal). Predicate smelled expressed by a verb in an impersonal form (past tense, singular, neuter).

Soft moonlight (Zastozhny).

The sentence is one-part (nominal). Main member - subject light- expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

The contrast between two-part and one-part sentences is associated with the number of members included in the grammatical basis.

Two-Part Sentences contain two main members - subject and predicate.

The boy is running; The earth is round.

One-part sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate).

Evening; It's getting dark.

Types of one-part sentences

Principal term expression form	Examples	Correlative constructions two-part sentences
1. Sentences with one main member - PREDICATE
1.1. Definitely personal proposals
Predicate verb in the 1st or 2nd person form (there are no past tense or conditional forms, since in these forms the verb has no person).	I love thunderstorms in early May. Run after me!	I I love thunderstorms at the beginning of May. You run after me!
1.2. Vaguely personal proposals
Verb-predicate in the third person plural form (in the past tense and conditional mood, verb-predicate in the plural).	They knock on the door. There was a knock on the door.	Someone knocks on the door. Someone knocked on the door.
1.3. Generalized personal proposals
They do not have their own specific form of expression. In form - definitely personal or indefinitely personal. Isolated by value. Two main types of value: A) the action can be attributed to any person; B) the action of a specific person (speaker) is habitual, repetitive, or presented in the form of a generalized judgment (the predicate verb is in the 2nd person singular, although we are talking about the speaker, that is, the 1st person).	You can't take the fish out of the pond without difficulty(definitely personal in form). Chickens are counted in the fall(in form - vaguely personal). You can't get rid of the spoken word. You’ll have a snack at the rest stop, and then you’ll go again.	Any ( any) can’t easily take the fish out of the pond. All Chickens are counted in the fall. Any ( any) counts chickens in the fall. From the spoken word any won't let go. I I’ll have a snack at the rest stop and then go again.
1.4. Impersonal offer
1) Predicate verb in impersonal form (coincides with the singular, third person or neuter form).	A) It's getting light; It was getting light; I'm lucky; b) Melting; V) To me(Danish case) can't sleep; G) by the wind(creative case) blew the roof off.	b) The snow is melting; V) I'm awake; G) The wind tore off the roof.
2) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	A) It's cold outside; b) I'm cold; V) I'm upset ;	a) there are no correlative structures; b) I'm freezing; V) I'm sad.
3) A compound verbal predicate, the auxiliary part of which is a compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	A) To me sorry to leave with you; b) To me gotta go .	A) I I don't want to leave with you; b) I have to go.
4) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - a short passive participle of the past tense in the singular form, neuter.	Closed . Well said, Father Varlaam. The room is smoky.	The store is closed. Father Varlaam said smoothly. Someone smoked in the room.
5) The predicate no or a verb in an impersonal form with a negative particle not + an object in the genitive case (negative impersonal sentences).	No money. There was no money. There is no money left. There wasn't enough money.
6) The predicate no or a verb in the impersonal form with a negative particle not + an object in the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither (negative impersonal sentences).	There is not a cloud in the sky. There wasn't a cloud in the sky. I don't have a penny. I didn't have a penny.	The sky is cloudless. The sky was cloudless. I don't have a penny. I didn't have a penny.
1.5. Infinitive sentences
The predicate is an independent infinitive.	Everyone keep quiet! Be a thunderstorm! Let's go to the sea! To forgive a person, you need to understand him.	Everyone keep quiet. There will be a thunderstorm. I would go to the sea. To you could forgive the person, you must understand him.
2. Sentences with one main member - SUBJECT
Nominative (nominative) sentences
The subject is a name in the nominative case (there cannot be a circumstance or addition in the sentence that would relate to the predicate).	Night . Spring .	Usually there are no correlative structures.

Notes

1) Negative impersonal sentences ( No money; There's not a cloud in the sky) are monocomponent only when expressing negation. If the construction is made affirmative, the sentence will become two-part: the genitive case form will change to the nominative case form (cf.: No money. - There is money; There is not a cloud in the sky. - There are clouds in the sky).

3) Infinitive sentences ( Be silent! Be a thunderstorm!) a number of researchers classify them as impersonal. They are also discussed in the school textbook. But infinitive sentences differ from impersonal sentences in meaning. The main part of impersonal sentences denotes an action that arises and proceeds independently of the actor. In infinitive sentences the person is encouraged to take active action ( Be silent!); the inevitability or desirability of active action is noted ( Be a thunderstorm! Let's go to the sea!).

4) Many researchers classify denominative (nominative) sentences as two-part sentences with a zero connective.

Pay attention!

In this case, we can talk about a one-part and at the same time incomplete sentence (with an omitted predicate).

Wed: It was night; It will be night; Let there be night; It would be night.

Wed: The pharmacy is / is located around the corner; I rushed / ran to the window.

Wed: I'm walking/following you.

Plan for parsing a one-part sentence

Determine the type of one-part sentence.
Indicate those grammatical features of the main member that allow the sentence to be classified specifically as this type of one-part sentence.

Sample parsing

Show off, city of Petrov(Pushkin).

The sentence is one-part (definitely personal). Predicate show off expressed by a verb in the second person imperative mood.

A fire was lit in the kitchen(Sholokhov).

The sentence is one-part (indefinitely personal). Predicate lit expressed by a verb in the plural past tense.

With a kind word you can melt a stone(proverb).

It smelled wonderful of fish.(Kuprin).

The sentence is one-part (impersonal). Predicate smelled expressed by a verb in an impersonal form (past tense, singular, neuter).

Soft moonlight(Zastozhny).

The sentence is one-part (nominal). Main member - subject light- expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

Among simple sentences by the presence of main members they distinguish two-part And one-piece. In two-part sentences, the grammatical basis consists of both main members - subject and predicate, in one-part sentences - only one.

It is important that the main member of one-part sentences is neither subject nor predicate, because it combines the functions of the two main members of the sentence.

Highlight the following types one-part sentences:

definitely personal
vaguely personal
impersonal
infinitives
nominative

Definitely personal sentences are one-part sentences in which the main member indicates a certain character and is expressed in the personal form of the verb (1st or 2nd person). No.: I love thunderstorm in early May- here is the form of the main story. indicates a specific person - the speaker himself. The main members are defined-personal. sentence most often expressed hl. 1l. And 2l. units or plural. present or bud. time, as well as ch. pov incl., e.g.: I'm coming on the way. We're sitting, we think, we write. Don't let it cool down your heart, son! Such one-part sentences are synonymous with two-part sentences: I'm coming on the way - I'm coming on the way. Used in formal speech, in business style and in casual style. literature.

Vaguely personal sentences are one-part sentences in which the action expressed by the predicate forms refers to an unspecified person. For example: At the door knocking (someone unspecified). The main term is most often expressed in the form 3 l. pl. h. present or bud. time, ch. pl. part last time, ch. in consonance inclination. Eg: You waiting in the audience. You handed over the book (will be handed over). If I asked, I would agree.

Impersonal are those one-part sentences in which the main member denotes an action or state that exists independently of the idea of the person, example: Already it was getting light. Was frosty And It's clear . In impersonal sentences, natural phenomena are called ( Freezing), physical and mental states person ( I'm bored), state of the environment, assessment of the situation ( Cold. Good thoughts on steppe roads ), modal relations ( I wanted toThere is) etc. Predicate in impersonal. sentence is expressed impersonal verb (It's getting light), a personal verb in an impersonal meaning ( There was a knocking sound in the attic), words of the state category ( How nice it is all around!), short passive participle past. time ( Decided to go on an excursion), a negative word ( There is no peace). Most often used in bad times. lit. (accuracy, conciseness).

Infinitives- these are sentences in which the main member is expressed by an independent infinitive and denotes a necessary, inevitable or desirable action, for example: You start! They differ from impersonal ones in that they are impersonal. the infinitive is dependent, and in infinitives it is independent: To you tell about this?- inf. And To you should(need to) tell about this?- impersonal

Nominative (nominal)- these are sentences in which the main member is expressed in the nominative case of the name and denotes the existence of objects, phenomena, states, for example: Night. Street. Flashlight. Pharmacy(Block). The main member combines the meaning of the subject and its existence. The following types of sentences are distinguished: nominative existential: Night. Street; nominative demonstratives: There's an asterisk; nominative emotional-evaluative: What a neck! What eyes!(Krylov).

One-part sentences - these are sentences whose grammatical basis consists of one main member, and this one main member is sufficient for the complete verbal expression of a thought. Thus, "single-part" does not mean "incomplete."

Chief member one-part sentence- a special syntactic phenomenon: it alone forms the grammatical basis of the sentence. However, in terms of its meaning and methods of expression, the main member of the majority one-part sentences(except for denominative sentences) is close to the predicate, and the main member of denominative sentences is close to the subject. Therefore, in school grammar it is customary to divide one-part sentences into two groups: 1) with one main member - the predicate and 2) with one main member - the subject. The first group includes definitely-personal, indefinitely-personal, generalized-personal and impersonal sentences, and the second group includes denominative sentences.

Behind every type one-part sentences(except for generalized-personal ones) their own ways of expressing the main member are fixed.

Definitely personal proposals

Definitely personal proposals - these are sentences denoting the actions or states of direct participants in speech - the speaker or interlocutor. Therefore, the predicate (main term) in them is expressed by the form 1st or 2nd person singular or plural verbs.

The category of person is in the present and future tense of the indicative mood and in the imperative mood. Accordingly, the predicate in definitely personal proposals can be expressed in the following forms: I’ll tell you, you’ll tell me, let’s tell you, tell me, tell me, tell me, let’s tell you; I'm going, you're going, we're going, you're going, you're going to go, you're going to go, we're going to go, you're going to go, go, go, let's go.

For example: I don't ask for honors or wealth for long journeys , but I take the little Arbat courtyard with me, I take it away (B. Okudzhava); I know that in the evening you will leave the ring of roads and sit in a pile of fresh ones under a nearby haystack (S. Yesenin); Why are you laughing? You laugh at yourself (N. Gogol); Don't Anticipate happy days, presented by heaven (B. Okudzhava); In the depths Siberian ores keep proud patience (A. Pushkin).

These sentences are very close in meaning to two-part sentences. Almost always, relevant information can be conveyed in a two-part sentence by including a subject in the sentence. me, you, we or You.

The sufficiency of one main member is determined here by the morphological properties of the predicate: the verbal forms of the 1st and 2nd persons with their endings clearly indicate a very specific person. Subject me, you, we, you turn out to be informationally redundant with them.

We use one-part sentences more often when we need to pay attention to an action, and not to the person who performs this action.

Vaguely personal proposals

- these are one-part sentences that denote the action or state of an unspecified person; the actor is not grammatically named, although he is thought of personally, but the emphasis is on the action.

The main member of such sentences is the form 3rd person plural (present and future indicative and imperative) or forms plural(past tense and conditional verbs or adjectives): they say, they will speak, they spoke, let them speak, they would speak; (they are) satisfied; (he) is welcome.

For example: They say in the village that she is not his relative at all... (N. Gogol); They led an elephant through the streets... (I. Krylov); And let them talk, let them talk, but- no, no one dies in vain... (V. Vysotsky); It’s okay that we are poets, as long as they read us and sing (L. Oshanin).

The specificity of the meaning of the figure in vaguely personal sentences is that in reality it exists, but is not grammatically named.

The 3rd person plural form of the predicate verb does not contain information about the number of figures or the degree of their fame. Therefore, this form can express: 1) a group of persons: The school is actively addressing the problem of academic performance; 2) one person: They brought me this book; 3) both one person and a group of persons: They are waiting for me; 4) person known and unknown: Somewhere in the distance they are shouting; I got an A on the exam.

Vaguely personal proposals most often have secondary members, i.e. vague sentences, as a rule, common.

Included vaguely personal proposals two groups of minor members are used: 1) Circumstances of place and time, which usually indirectly characterize the actor: In hall sang. In the next class they make noise. Often in my youth strive to someone imitate(A. Fadeev); These distributors usually indirectly characterize the actor, denoting the place and time associated with human activity. 2) Direct and indirect objects placed at the beginning of the sentence: Us invited to the room; Him here glad; Now hiswill bring here (M. Gorky).

If these minor members are excluded from the composition of the sentence, the sentences become incomplete two-part sentences with a missing subject: In the morning we went to the forest. We stayed in the forest until late evening.

Generalized personal proposals

Generalized personal proposals occupy a special place among one-part sentences. This is explained by the fact that generalized personal proposals do not have their own forms, and, thus, the main criterion for their identification is the semantic feature.

The meaning of generality can be characteristic of sentences of different structures: And what kind rus skiy doesn't like fast ride (N. Gogol)(two-part sentence); Searching for words cannot be neglected nothing (K. Paustovsky)(impersonal sentence); You can't order your heart (proverb)(a sentence that is definitely personal in form).

Generalized-personal Only those sentences are considered that are definitely personal or indefinitely personal in form, but denote the actions or states of a generally conceivable person. These are sentences in which observations are formulated related to the general characteristics of certain objects, life phenomena and situations: Take care of your honor from a young age (proverb); What do we have?- we don’t keep it, it’s lost- we cry (proverb); Chickens are counted in the fall - (proverb); When you take your head off you don't cry through your hair (proverb).

The most typical form is the 2nd person singular present or future simple indicative: You involuntarily surrender to the power of the surrounding vigorous nature (N. Nekrasov); ...In a rare girl you will find such simplicity and natural freedom of look, word, and action (I. Goncharov); You can’t put a scarf over someone else’s mouth (proverb).

Unlike outwardly similar definite-personal sentences with verbs in the 2nd person form, in general-personal proposals the specific actions of the interlocutor are never spoken about; the subject of the action is thought of in such sentences in a general way, like any person.

Impersonal offers

Impersonal offers - these are one-part sentences that speak of an action or state that arises and exists independently of the producer of the action or the bearer of the state. Feature of grammatical meaning impersonal offers is the meaning of spontaneity, involuntariness of the expressed action or state. It manifests itself in a variety of cases when it is expressed: action (The boat is carried to the shore); condition of a person or animal (I couldn’t sleep; He was cold); state environment (It gets dark; It feels fresh);"state of affairs" (Bad with personnel; Experiments cannot be postponed) etc.

The main term can be expressed:

1) shape 3rd person singular impersonal or personal verb: It’s getting light!.. Oh, how quickly the night has passed / (A. Griboyedov); The smell of spring through the glass (L. May);

2) shape neuter: You, happiness, were covered with snow, carried away centuries ago, trampled under the boots of soldiers retreating into eternity (G. Ivanov); There was not enough bread even until Christmas time (A. Chekhov);

3) in a word No(in the past tense it corresponds to the neuter form was, and in the future - the form of the 3rd person singular - will be): And suddenly consciousness will answer me that you, my humble one, were not and are not (N. Gumilyov); There is no stronger beast than a cat (I. Krylov);

5) combination of a state category word(with modal meaning) with infinitive(compound verb predicate): When you know that you can't laugh, then- then it is precisely then that this shaking, painful laughter takes possession of you (A. Kuprin); It's time to get up: it's past seven (A. Pushkin);

6) short passive neuter participle(compound nominal predicate): Wonderfully arranged in our world! (N. Gogol); U I haven’t been tidied up!.. (A. Chekhov);

7) infinitive: You will never see such battles (M. Lermontov); Well, how can you not please your loved one? (A. Griboyedov); Sing and ring for a long time in the blizzard (S. Yesenin)

Name sentences

Nominal (nominative) offers - these are one-part sentences that affirm the existence, existence of objects or phenomena. Grammar basis name sentences consists of only one main member, similar in form to the subject: main member name sentences is expressed nominative case of a noun(single or with dependent words), for example: Noise, laughter, running, bowing, gallop, mazurka, waltz... (A. Pushkin).

Meaning name sentences lies in the affirmation of being, the existence of a phenomenon in the present time. That's why nominative sentences cannot be used either in the past or in the future tense, neither in the conditional nor in the imperative mood. In these tenses and moods they correspond to two-part sentences with a predicate was or will be: Autumn(nominal sentence). It was autumn; It will be autumn(two-part sentences).

There are three main varieties name sentences.

1.Existential: Twenty-one. Night. Monday. Outlines of the capital in the darkness (A. Akhmatova).

2. Index fingers; they include demonstrative particles here, here and, there, there: This is the place where their house stands; Here is the willow (A. Pushkin); Here is the bridge / (N. Gogol).

3. Evaluative-existential; they are pronounced with an exclamatory intonation and often include exclamatory particles what, what, and: Siege! Attack! Evil waves are like thieves climbing through windows (A. Pushkin); What a night! The frost is bitter... (A. Pushkin).

Feature name sentences is that they are characterized by fragmentation and at the same time a large capacity of the expressed content. They name only individual details of the situation, but the details are important, expressive, designed for the imagination of the listener or reader - such that he can imagine the overall picture of the described situation or events.

More often nominative sentences used in descriptive contexts of poetic and prose speech, as well as in stage directions for dramatic works: Rocks, blackened from tanning... Hot sand that burns through the soles (N. Sladkoe); Evening. Seaside. Sighs of the wind. The majestic cry of the waves (K. Balmont); Living room in Serebryakov's house. Three doors: right, left and middle.- Day (A. Chekhov).

The difference between definitely personal and indefinitely personal. Vaguely personal suggestions

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