Natural resources of the Russian Plain Presentation by Natalya Aleksandrovna Balalaikina, geography teacher of the Knevitsk primary school. The Russian Plain is rich in a variety of natural resources. Flat terrain, favorable climatic conditions, fertile steppes and vast forests have contributed to its settlement and development since ancient times. Now about 60% of Russia's population lives here, most of the cities and workers' settlements are located here, and there is a dense network of highways. The capital of our Motherland, Moscow, is located here. Map Mineral resources In the depths of the plain there are deposits of Iron (KMA), stone (Pechersk basin) and brown (Moscow basin) coals, apatites of the Kola Peninsula, table salts of Lake Baskunchak. Between the Volga and the Ural Mountains, as well as in the northeast of the plain, oil is produced. Most of the deposits are located in well-developed areas. This increases their value. Exercise. Locate the listed mineral deposits on the map. Consequences of mining. When mining minerals, land is disturbed, its fertile layer is destroyed, and new relief forms are created. With the mine method of mining, large areas are occupied by waste rock dumps. In areas of open mining, quarries are formed on the surface of the earth. Sometimes these are extensive pits 100-200 m or more deep. There is a lot of disturbed land in the Moscow basin, in areas where construction raw materials and peat are developed. Restoring the value of these disturbed lands (their reclamation) is now being given great attention. In their place, reservoirs are created. They are returned to agricultural and forestry use. For densely populated areas of the Russian Plain this is especially important. Water resources The rivers of the Russian Plain are rich in electricity. Cascades of hydroelectric power stations have been created on them. The waters of the Volga and Don are used to irrigate fields in the steppe zone. Many rivers are connected by canals to facilitate navigation. Thus, Moscow, located on a relatively small river, became a port of five seas. Task: find the canals named after. Moscow, Volga-Don, Volga-Baltic and White Sea-Baltic. Forest resources Wood is harvested in the forests of the Russian Plain. Due to the fact that forests have been cut down for centuries, in many central and western regions the composition of the forest stand has been greatly changed. Many secondary small-leaved forests have appeared. The forest area in the southern taiga, in the zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests, has decreased significantly. Soil resources The main areas of the most fertile soils in our country - chernozems - are concentrated on the Russian Plain. They are almost completely open. In the steppe and forest-steppe zones, wheat and corn, sugar beets and sunflowers, millet and other crops are grown on these soils. There are large areas of arable land and forested areas. Rye and barley, potatoes and wheat, flax and oats are grown here. For further rise agriculture in these zones, where agroclimatic resources are favorable for agricultural production, and the soils are not fertile enough, a complex of reclamation is necessary. Usage problems natural resources. The problem of the Non-Black Earth Region is associated with the use of the natural resources of this region, primarily with the development of agriculture in it. The soils here are not as fertile as chernozems, but soil and agroclimatic resources allow the cultivation of rye and barley, flax and potatoes, vegetables and oats, and forage grasses. Forest and floodplain meadows are good hayfields and pastures for livestock. However, not enough agricultural products are produced here now. Ways to solve problems. For further development Agriculture in the Non-Black Earth Region requires rational use and improvement (reclamation) of land, construction of roads and improvement of living conditions for people. The main type of reclamation is the drainage of excessively wet lands. Along with drainage, it is necessary to apply fertilizers and liming of soils, in places to irrigate and combat soil erosion, remove stones and uproot trees and shrubs, snow retention and regulation of snowmelt, enlargement of fields and improvement of their shape. Problems of using natural resources. In a significant part of the territory, the nature of the Russian Plain has been greatly changed by human activity. Particularly large changes have occurred in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, in mixed and deciduous forests and in the southern part of the taiga. Man not only cleared indigenous forests and plowed up virgin steppes, but also planted forest belts in the steppes, created ponds and reservoirs in the upper reaches of ravines, reservoirs on large rivers, built cities and transport highways, restored the number of pine martens and resettled the beaver. In order to preserve areas of unmodified or slightly modified nature, typical and rare natural objects (plants, animals, geological objects, industrial complexes), reserves are created.

Deepen and expand knowledge about the natural resources of the Russian Plain (species and their distribution). Consider the problems of rational use of natural resources. Continue developing skills to work with sources of geographic information. To continue the development of a moral and aesthetic attitude towards nature - to show the beauty and uniqueness of Russian nature, its significance in the spiritual life of the people.

Educational: expand knowledge about the natural resources of the Russian Plain. Developmental: Develop the needs of self-education, use the knowledge, skills and abilities previously acquired in geography lessons. Educational: To awaken in students a sense of beauty and responsibility for the nature of their native land.

Lesson type: learning new material.

Forms of work: individual, frontal, conversation

Equipment: presentation, physical map Russia, books, atlases, outline maps

Lesson progress

Organizational moment

Repetition of learned material:

3-4 people work with contour maps. (Appendix) 3-4 people on cards 1 person at the board (testing knowledge of nomenclature) Frontal survey:

-On what part of the earth’s surface is the Russian Plain located?

-Name the shields of the Russian platform? What rocks is it composed of?

-What can you say about the climate of the Russian Plain?

Communicating the goals and objectives of the lesson:

Today, we will continue to study the nature of the East European Plain and expand our knowledge about the natural resources of the Russian Plain. Let's consider the problems of their rational use. Write down the topic of the lesson: Natural resources of the Russian Plain and problems of their rational use. Slide 1

Learning new material:

- To complete all the above tasks, we need to answer the following questions: Slide 2

-How can one explain the high population density on the plain?

-What natural resources does the plain have?

-What disturbances of natural landscapes are observed during mining?

-How to solve the problem of rational use of natural resources?

- So, how can we explain the high population density on the East European Plain? Slide 3

The Russian Plain is rich in diverse natural resources, favorable climatic conditions, fertile soils, flat terrain: contributed to the settlement of the Russian Plain.

The value of the natural resources of the Russian Plain is determined, first of all, by their richness and diversity, as well as their location in the most densely populated part of Russia.

What natural resources does the Russian Plain have?

Mineral Water Soil and agroclimatic Forest Recreational Slide 4 (write in notebook)

Phys. just a minute

Let's write down natural resources:

Mineral resources are represented by iron ores of the Kursk magnetic anomaly. The main ore is magnetite. Slide 5.6

Reserves of hard and brown coals are concentrated in the Pechora and Moscow basins. Slide 7

Oil and gas are produced from the fields of the Volga-Ural and Timan-Pechora oil and gas regions. Gas condensate fields in the Astrakhan region are being exploited. Slide 8

Oil shale deposits have been discovered in the Pskov and Leningrad regions, and in Samara. Slide 9

Large salt deposits have been discovered in the Caspian lowland. Development is carried out on the largest salt lakes - Elton and Baskunchak. Slide 10

There are industrial accumulations of phosphorites in the Moscow region (Egoryevskoye), Volga region (Kineshmskoye, Volskoye, etc.) Slide 11

What disturbances of natural landscapes are observed during mining?

During the extraction of mineral resources, land is disturbed, its fertile layer is destroyed, new relief forms are created, part of the land is occupied by landslides and quarries. Slide 13

Let's consider other resources.

Water resources. The Russian Plain has significant hydropower potential - the rivers are used as transport routes for shipping and timber rafting. The northwestern and central regions of the Russian Plain are the most prosperous. Slide 14, 15

The construction of hydroelectric power stations on large and small rivers, accompanied by the creation of reservoirs, also made a sad contribution to the change in the nature of the Russian Plain. The largest reservoirs are Kuibyshevskoye, Rybinskoye, Volgogradskoye, Tsimlyanskoye, Kamskoye, Saratovskoye. Belfry. The city of Kalyazin after the creation of the reservoir Slide 16.

Soil and agroclimatic resources Most of the Russian Plain receives sufficient heat and moisture for the cultivation of many agricultural crops

The main areas of chernozems, the most fertile soils, are located on the Russian Plain. Slide 17,18

How to solve the problem of rational soil use? Slide 19

In order for soils not to lose their fertility, their rational use is necessary: ​​using the example of the non-chernozem zone, we will show the rational use of land. The main type of reclamation here is the drainage of excessively wet lands. Along with drainage, it is necessary to apply fertilizers and liming of soils, remove stones and uproot trees and shrubs, retain snow and regulate snowmelt, enlarge fields and improve their shape.

Forest resources The Russian Plain has large reserves of industrial timber and spruce and pine taiga forests. Fur-bearing animals of the northeastern regions of the taiga and upland game are of commercial importance. Slide 20, 21, 22

Recreational resources slide 23

They are diverse, but poorly mastered.

Valdai and Lake Seliger slide 26

Ladoga and Onega lakes slide, 27,28

Astrakhan delta slide 29

“Golden Ring of Russia” slide 30, 31

As a result economic activity human, natural landscapes are giving way to anthropogenic landscapes. Forests have been cut down, steppes have been plowed up. Mining degrades landscapes, creating a “lunar” landscape with quarries and dumps.

Working with the textbook slide 32

Which territories of the Russian Plain are most modified by humans?

What measures are taken to preserve natural landscapes?

Let's answer the main question:

How to rationally use natural resources?

Students' opinions are listened to.

Reinforcing the material learned: Doing independent work

Conclusion: The natural resources of the Russian Plain are rich and varied. The Russian Plain has been greatly altered by human activity. The stress on nature leads to crisis situations. We need to change the nature of environmental management and make it rational. Preserve and protect rare and endangered plants and animals.

Homework paragraph 29 questions. Written question 5

Application

On the contour map, mark:

Working with cards “Guess by description”:

The nature of this region is harsh and beautiful. The first resort in Russia was built here in 1719 on the instructions of Peter 1. Source mineral water contains large number gland. Name “Marcial Waters” (Karelia) The largest lake on the Russian Plain. Its area is 18,100 square meters. km. There are more than 660 islands on this lake. The most famous are the Vaalam Islands. (Lake Ladoga) It is called the main treasure of Valdai. There are about 160 islands on the lake. More than 100 tributaries flow into it, but only one river flows out (Lake Seliger). She is called the toiler of Russia, the mother of Russian rivers. This is the largest river in all of Europe. (Volga) There are several ancient Russian cities located in the North-East of Moscow. They are connected by a common, complex history and, most notably, by surviving monuments of ancient Russian architecture. These lands remember Yaroslav the Wise and Vladimir Manomakh, Alexander Nevsky and Dmitry Pozharsky; famous artists, poets and writers drew their inspiration here. (Golden Ring of Russia)

Independent work in 8th grade on the topic “Natural complexes of the Russian Plain”

1.The Russian Plain is located:

A) on an ancient platform;

B) on a young platform;

B) on the shield.

2. The following are associated with foundation uplifts:

A) Valdai Upland;

B) Central Russian Upland;

B) Timan Ridge;

D) Northern Uvaly.

3. On the shield are located:

A) Kola Peninsula; B) Timan Ridge;

B) Karelia; D) Valdai Upland.

4. The East European Plain has a relief: A) flat; B) hilly.

5. The Russian Plain is dominated by:

A) plateaus and lowlands;

B) plateaus and hills;

B) highlands and lowlands.

6. Climate of the Russian Plain:

A) sea; B) temperate continental;

B) continental.

7. The territory of most of the Russian Plain is dominated by:

A) anticyclones; B) cyclones.

8. “Lake region” is called:

A) the center of the Russian Plain;

B) northeast of the Russian Plain;

B) north-west of the Russian Plain.

9. The largest lake on the Russian Plain:

A) Ladoga; B) Onega;

B) Imandra.

10. Forests are common in the taiga of the Russian Plain:

A) spruce and fir; B) deciduous; B) spruce and pine.

Answers: 1-A, 2-B, 3-A, B, 4-B, 5-B, 6-B, 7-B, 8-B, 9-A, 10-B.

On the contour map, mark:

Borders of the Russian Plain Indicate the seas washing the Russian Plain: White, Barents, Kara, Baltic, Azov, Black Indicate the peninsulas: Kanin, Kola Island Novaya Zemlya Rivers: Mezen, Northern Dvina, Volga Lakes: Onega, Ladoga Uplands: Timan Ridge, Northern Uvaly Lowland: Caspian Cities: Pskov, Moscow, Arkhangelsk.

Guess the description:

On the contour map, mark:

Borders of the Russian Plain Indicate the seas washing the Russian Plain: White, Barents, Kara, Baltic, Azov, Black Indicate the peninsulas: Kanin, Kola Island Novaya Zemlya Rivers: Mezen, Northern Dvina, Volga Lakes: Onega, Ladoga Uplands: Timan Ridge, Northern Uvaly Lowland: Caspian Cities: Pskov, Moscow, Arkhangelsk.

Guess the description:

The nature of this region is harsh and beautiful. The first resort in Russia was built here in 1719 on the instructions of Peter 1. The source of mineral water contains a large amount of iron. Name “Marcial Waters” (____________________) The largest lake on the Russian Plain. Its area is 18,100 square meters. km. There are more than 660 islands on this lake. The most famous are the Vaalam Islands. (__________________________) It is called the main treasure of Valdai. There are about 160 islands on the lake. More than 100 tributaries flow into it, but only one river flows out (______________________) She is called the toiler of Russia, the mother of Russian rivers. This is the largest river in all of Europe. (______________) There are several ancient Russian cities located in the North-East of Moscow. They are connected by a common, complex history and, most notably, by surviving monuments of ancient Russian architecture. These lands remember Yaroslav the Wise and Vladimir Manomakh, Alexander Nevsky and Dmitry Pozharsky; famous artists, poets and writers drew their inspiration here. (__________________________)

• Using the maps of the atlas and textbook, find the largest mineral deposits of the Russian Plain.
• Think about which areas of the plain are most favorable for agricultural development.

Natural resources of the Russian Plain. The long geological history of the ancient platform underlying the plain has predetermined the richness of the plain in various minerals.

The crystalline foundation and sedimentary cover of the platform contain mineral reserves that are not only important for our entire country, but also global significance. First of all, these are the rich iron ore deposits of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA).

Associated with the sedimentary cover of the platform are deposits of hard coal (Vorkuta) and brown coal - the Moscow basin and oil - the Volga-Ural, Timapo-Pechora and Caspian basins.

Oil shale is mined in the Leningrad region and in the area of ​​Samara on the Volga. Ore minerals are also known in sedimentary rocks: brown iron ores near Lipetsk, aluminum ores (bauxite) near Tikhvin.

Building materials: sand, gravel, clay, limestone - are distributed almost everywhere.

Deposits of apatite-nepheline ores and beautiful building granites are associated with outcrops of crystalline Precambrian rocks of the Baltic Shield on the Kola Peninsula and Karelia.

Deposits of table salt have long been known in the Volga region (lakes Elton and Baskunchak), and potassium salts have been known in the Urals.

Relatively recently in Arkhangelsk region diamonds were discovered. In the Volga region and Moscow region, valuable raw materials for the chemical industry are mined - phosphorites, and on the Kola Peninsula - apatites.

The northwestern and central regions of the Russian Plain are best provided with water resources. The abundance of lakes and high-water rivers is not only reserves fresh water and hydropower, but also cheap transport routes, fisheries, and recreational areas. The dense river network of the plain and the location of watersheds on low flat hills are favorable for the construction of canals, of which there are so many on the Russian Plain. Thanks to the system of modern canals - Volga-Baltic, White Sea-Baltic and Volga-Don, as well as the Moscow-Volga - Moscow canal, located on a small river and relatively far from the seas, Moscow has become a port of five seas.

Use the maps in the atlas and textbook to find these water systems. Name the major ports on the White, Baltic, Azov, Black and Caspian seas.

The agroclimatic resources of the plain are of great value. Most of the Russian Plain receives sufficient heat and moisture for the cultivation of many crops. In the north of the forest zone, fiber flax is grown, a crop that requires cool, cloudy and humid summers, rye and oats. The entire middle zone of the plain and the south have fertile soils: soddy-podzolic, chernozem, gray forest and chestnut. Soil plowing is facilitated by the conditions of a calm, flat topography, which makes it possible to cut fields into large tracts that are easily accessible for machine cultivation. In the middle zone, mainly grain and fodder crops are cultivated, in the south - grain and industrial crops (sugar beets, sunflowers, including), gardening and melon growing are developed. The famous Astrakhan watermelons are known and loved by residents of the entire Russian Plain.

The forest resources of the plain are both taiga and mixed forests, rich in valuable timber, fur-bearing game animals, mushrooms, berries, and medicinal plants.

The recreational resources of the plain are diverse, but not yet very well developed. Its picturesque landscapes are wonderful holiday destinations. Rivers and lakes of Karelia, its white nights, the Kizhi Museum of Wooden Architecture; the powerful Solovetsky Monastery; pensive Valaam attracts tourists. Lakes Ladoga and Onega, Valdai and Seliger, the legendary Ilmen, the Volga with Zhiguli and the Astrakhan delta, ancient Russian cities included in the “Golden Ring of Russia” - these are far from full list areas of the Russian Plain developed for tourism and recreation.

Problems of rational use of natural resources. The Russian Plain is distinguished by a variety of natural resources, favorable conditions for life, which is why it has the highest population density in Russia, greatest number large cities with highly developed industry, highly developed agriculture. Intensive centuries-old development of the plain has led to the fact that at present the natural landscapes of its central and southern regions are greatly changed. The southern strip of the forest zone has been heavily deforested. Forest landscapes are either replaced here by agricultural lands, or are represented by secondary aspen-birch plantations. At present, the northern regions of the taiga zone have also changed significantly. The forests of Karelia, the Komi Republic, and the Arkhangelsk region have been heavily cut down. Reforestation is one of the most important tasks.

The landscapes of the forest-steppe and steppe zones have changed even more. More than half of their area is plowed and occupied by grain and industrial crops.

Therefore, a set of measures is necessary - planting shelterbelts, snow retention, anti-erosion measures, so as not to deplete fertile soils and preserve their potential.

The rivers of the Russian Plain have been greatly changed. The construction of a cascade of hydroelectric power stations on the Volga led to the flooding of vast areas of fertile lands - floodplain meadows and to the flooding of forests. In addition, the newly formed artificial lakes and reservoirs did not have the best effect on the microclimate.

Active exploitation of mineral deposits, such as the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA), the Moscow region brown coal basin, and the extraction of various building materials, significantly degrades the environment. Giant quarries and dumps create a very bleak industrial landscape. Such landscapes are often called “lunar”. It is almost impossible to use them.

Currently, work is increasingly being carried out on land reclamation, that is, to return the territories to their original appearance, bringing the devastated landscape to a productive state. Depressions on the site of former peat mining, quarries remaining after the excavation of sand, building stone, coal and iron ore mining from the surface are subject to cultivation. Soils are artificially added to them, turfed and even afforested. Peat excavations are turned into ponds in which fish are raised. Positive experience in land reclamation has been accumulated in the Moscow, Tula and Kursk regions. In the Tula region, waste heaps and dumps are being successfully replanted with forest.

Alexander Evgenievich Fersman (1883-1945)

Alexander Evgenievich Fersman devoted his entire life to studying the riches of the earth's bowels of the Motherland. Alexander Fersman spent his childhood in Crimea, where he traveled a lot and became addicted to the study of rocks and minerals. This hobby led him to Moscow University. Alexander Fersman’s teacher was the outstanding scientist, academician Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky. In 1919, Alexander Evgenievich was elected a full member Russian Academy Sci. In the 20-30s. A.E. Fersman organized a number of large expeditions and for several years explored the Khibiny Mountains on the Kola Peninsula. Large deposits of apatite, a raw material for the production of phosphate fertilizers, which are of great importance for the country's economy, were discovered here. The scientist discovered copper and nickel ores in Monchetundra on the Kola Peninsula, and iron ores near Lake Imandra.

His expeditions discovered sulfur deposits in the Karakum desert, and pegmatite veins with a variety of rare metals were discovered in the Kyzylkum desert.

Of particular importance is the four-volume work of Academician A.E. Fersman “Geochemistry”. His book “Entertaining Mineralogy” is interesting.

Near the major cities of the Russian Plain it is held great job to improve the cultural landscape. Green belts and forest parks are being created, as well as suburban water basins - picturesque reservoirs, which are used as recreation areas.

In large industrial cities, attention is paid to measures to clean water and air from industrial emissions, combat dust and noise. Environmental controls have been strengthened and tightened vehicles, including for private cars, which are becoming more and more numerous.

Our country has joined international cooperation on environmental protection. This will undoubtedly help preserve our native nature, wisely use its wealth, and direct it to the benefit of society.

Questions and tasks

1. Using the map, determine what natural resources the Russian Plain is rich in.
2. Using the tables in the appendix, indicate which natural resources have been used since ancient times, and which ones are of greatest importance in our time.
3. What is the large anthropogenic load on the landscapes of the Russian Plain?
4. On a contour map, indicate the main natural resources of the Russian Plain.
5. What measures should be taken to protect nature?

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Tasks:assess natural resources; show the magnitude of anthropogenic load on the landscapes of the East European Plain; reveal the essence of environmental problems, help students in the creative search for proposals for solving them.

I. Testing knowledge and skills on the topic “Natural complexes of the Russian Plain.”

Possible verification options:

1.Individual oral survey.

-What zonal natural complexes are distinguished on the Russian Plain?

-Which of them occupy the largest area, the smallest?

-Describe the tundra and forest-tundra of the Russian Plain.

-Compare the natural conditions of the taiga and steppes.

-Explain how a change in at least one of the components of nature, for example, the moisture coefficient, changes the appearance of the entire natural complex.

-Which natural complexes are most modified by humans?

2.Examination practical work.

3.Test practical work on a contour map (p. 48-50 in workbook on a printed basis) according to options or one option at the teacher’s choice.

II. Introductory conversation and preparation for the perception of new knowledge.

An introductory conversation is necessary to update the concept of “natural resources” and remember what groups they are divided into, what underlies the classification, as well as methods of rational use. During the conversation, students prepare a table “Natural resources of the East European Plain.”

III. Gaining new knowledge.

1. Since the topic “Natural Resources” was studied by students relatively recently, repetition should not cause difficulties. Therefore, it is better to fill out the table as independent practical work. Students work with the text of the textbook (pp. 164 - 166) and with atlas maps. This is allotted15-20 minutes. The finished table should look like this:

Natural resources of the East European Plain Natural resource Location on the territory of the Russian Plain Human resource use Mineral resources: 1) iron ores Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) Raw materials for metallurgy

2) coal	Vorkuta	Fuel
3) brown coal	Podmoskovny swimming pool	Fuel
4) oil	Ural-Vyatka, Timano-Pechora, Caspian basins	Fuel, raw materials for the chemical industry
5) oil shale	Leningrad region, outskirts of Samara	Fuel
6) building materials (sands, clays, limestone and DR-)	Everywhere	Construction, raw materials for the building materials industry
7) apatite-nepheline ores	Kola Peninsula and Karelia	Production of aluminum, raw materials for the glass industry, production of chemical fertilizers
8) granites	Kola Peninsula, Karelia	Construction, finishing of buildings, pavements, etc.
9) table and potassium salts	Lakes Elton, Baskunchak, Kama Cis-Urals
10) diamonds	Arkhangelsk region	Gemstone
11) phosphorites	Volga region, Moscow region	Raw materials for the chemical industry
Water resources	Richest in the northwestern and central regions	Fresh water reserves, hydropower, cheap transport routes, fisheries, recreation areas
Agroclimatic resources	Northern forest zone (cool, wet summer). Middle zone (fertile soils). South	Fiber flax, rye, oats. Grain and fodder crops. Grain and industrial crops, horticulture and melon growing
Forest resources	Taiga and mixed forests2
Recreational resources	Ubiquitous, but not very well developed	Tourism, recreation, treatment and health improvement

2. Problems of rational use of natural resources were also considered by students earlier, so the teacher should focus on the environmental problems of the East European Plain, for example, you can talk about the problems of the Non-Black Earth Region.

Teacher.Currently, the territory of the East European Plain is densely populated, its natural resources are intensively used. There is a shortage of water, the atmosphere is heavily polluted, especially in areas with a developed chemical industry. Fertile soils are subject to erosion, forests are mercilessly cut down.

The territory of the Non-Black Earth Region has been sufficiently developed by man for a long time. Arable lands alternated with forests and meadows. Many villages and hamlets are located along rivers and near lakes. Sustainable crops of rye and flax were grown here, the products from which were famous throughout the world. A large number of livestock provided the population with food. However, later the established system of rational management was destroyed. The reasons for this were first collectivization, then the thoughtless strengthening of villages, and the declaration of many villages as unpromising. Most of the population went to the cities. Thousands of villages that used to feed both themselves and city residents have disappeared.

In recent years, large funds have been allocated for land reclamation in the Non-Black Earth Region. What is the result? The result is sad, because instead of a comprehensive one, only water reclamation is carried out, i.e., either drainage or watering. This leads not to improvement, but to deterioration of the land. “In the Non-Chernozem Zone, this is their massive drying out or waterlogging. ... many lands have completely lost their fertility. Rivers, streams, springs, and bogs have been destroyed. ... river beds were straightened, high marshes were drained, and they are the guardians of our waters. It all turned out that the billions of rubles spent did not increase agricultural productivity” (Lemeshev M.I.Before it's too late. - M.: Young Guard, 1991). Non-Black Earth region is our reserve. With proper organization of the economy, it can be revived to a full-blooded life.

Nature reserves have been created on the territory of the Russian Plain, where areas of unique natural landscapes and rare species of animals and birds are preserved. For example, the Kandalaksha, Laplandinsky, Prioksko-Terrasny, Losiny Island, Galichya Gora and many others.

You can discuss the problems of Polesie with students, give them the opportunity to speak out about the positive and negative aspects of the process of draining swamps. You can listen to and discuss student reports about protected areas of the East European Plain (homework for lesson No. 37).

To consolidate the acquired knowledge and systematize it, the teacher suggests answering the following questions:

What is expressed in integrated approach to the problem of protecting and transforming the nature of the Non-Black Earth Region and Polesie, as well as other areas of the East European Plain? Give examples.

Using these territories as an example, show what is the relationship between measures to transform nature and measures to protect it.

Is it possible at the present stage to abandon measures to transform nature and limit ourselves only to measures to protect it?

Summarizing their knowledge, students formulate a conclusion about the need for a scientifically based approach to solving the problems of transforming nature, taking into account all the relationships within the natural complex.

IV. Summing up the lesson.

Homework: § 29, complete task 4 on p. 48 workbook on a printed basis (apply mineral deposits), or task 3 on p. 49, or task 2 on p. 50 (optional or teacher's choice).

2) Think about which areas of the plain are most favorable for the development of agriculture.

The middle zone of the Russian Plain is most favorable for the development of agriculture.

Questions in a paragraph

*Name the major ports on the White, Baltic, Azov, Black and Caspian seas.

White Sea - Arkhangelsk, Mezen, Kandalaksha, Umba, Onega, Kem, Belomorsk.

Baltic Sea - St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Vysotsk, Primorsk, Baltiysk, Ust-Luga.

Sea of ​​Azov - Azov, Yeisk, Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Temryuk.

Black Sea - Anapa, Gelendzhik, Caucasus, Novorossiysk, Sochi, Taman, Tuapse.

Caspian Sea - Astrakhan, Makhachkala, Olya.

Questions at the end of the paragraph

1. Using the map, determine what natural resources the Russian Plain is rich in.

The crystalline foundation and sedimentary cover of the platform contain mineral reserves that are not only important for our entire country, but also of global importance. First of all, these are the rich iron ore deposits of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA).

Associated with the sedimentary cover of the platform are deposits of hard coal (Vorkuta) and brown coal - the Moscow basin and oil - the Volga-Ural, Timapo-Pechora and Caspian basins. Oil shale is mined in the Leningrad region and in the area of ​​Samara on the Volga. Ore minerals are also known in sedimentary rocks: brown iron ores near Lipetsk, aluminum ores (bauxite) near Tikhvin. Building materials: sand, gravel, clay, limestone - are distributed almost everywhere. Deposits of apatite-nepheline ores and beautiful building granites are associated with outcrops of crystalline Precambrian rocks of the Baltic Shield on the Kola Peninsula and Karelia.

Deposits of table salt have long been known in the Volga region (lakes Elton and Baskunchak), and potassium salts have been known in the Urals.

Diamonds were discovered relatively recently in the Arkhangelsk region. In the Volga region and Moscow region, valuable raw materials for the chemical industry are mined - phosphorites, and on the Kola Peninsula - apatites.

2. Using the tables in the appendix, indicate which natural resources have been used since ancient times, and which ones are of greatest importance in our time.

Since ancient times, peat, gold, gems. A little later, the use of coal and oil began. the total number of types of minerals used in primitive society and later in ancient world, it was small. The metals used were gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, tin and zinc. Non-metallic minerals were used more widely.

The list of minerals used by modern industry is constantly expanding. Many minerals and rocks that until relatively recently were not considered “minerals” have now acquired special value due to advances in science and technology. For example, for many centuries, valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, tungsten, platinum, uranium and others were thrown away. We can say that there are no non-useful minerals in the bowels of the earth, any rock or metal-poor ores may find use if cheap methods of processing them are invented.

3. What is the large anthropogenic load on the landscapes of the Russian Plain?

Intensive centuries-old development of the plain has led to the fact that at present the natural landscapes of its central and southern regions are greatly changed. The southern strip of the forest zone has been heavily deforested. Forest landscapes are either replaced here by agricultural lands, or are represented by secondary aspen-birch plantations. At present, the northern regions of the taiga zone have also changed significantly. The forests of Karelia, the Komi Republic, and the Arkhangelsk region have been heavily cut down. Reforestation is one of the most important tasks. The landscapes of the forest-steppe and steppe zones have changed even more. More than half of their area is plowed and occupied by grain and industrial crops.

5. What measures should be taken to protect nature?

Planting shelterbelts, snow retention, anti-erosion measures so as not to deplete fertile soils and preserve their potential, land reclamation.