The theme of inner freedom in the poem Mtsyri.

23.09.2019 -

Allergy The romantic poem “Mtsyri” is rightfully considered one of the best in Lermontov’s work. It tells about a young man who with all his might dreams of returning to his homeland. His short life was difficult. The boy lived the first six years of his life among the free highlanders, and then Mtsyri was captured and fell ill. fatal disease during a trip with a Russian general. The monks in one of the monasteries took pity on the dying man. One monk who cured the boy decided to raise him and prepare him for monastic life. But the monastic upbringing was burdensome young man

. No matter how he was accustomed to monastic life, the young man does not forget about his native land for a second.

The young man passionately strives for freedom, and therefore the good of the monks turns into evil for him. Despite the fact that the monks surrounded the boy with care and saved him from death, he compares himself to a flower raised in prison. Indeed, the monastery became a real prison for the young novice, because its structure and walls limited not only the external, but also the internal freedom of Mtsyri, because the monks surrounded him with suffocating care, thereby imprisoning him in a real prison. The monk who raised the young man was a stranger to him. Mtsyri suffered because there was no one to call father and mother, he suffered from a painful feeling of loneliness, he wanted to love and hate, win and be defeated, suffer and be happy. The thought of gaining freedom passionately attracts him. Behind the walls of the monastery there is a life unknown to him, associated with adventures and dangers, but the hero is not afraid. This is real freedom, for which you can take risks, expose yourself mortal danger

, enjoy a full life. Dreaming of merging with the wind and storm, the young man despises the monks who tremble before the sound of thunder. And it’s not for nothing that Mtsyri chooses a stormy night for his escape. Having realized his long-standing desire, the young novice ran away from the monastery walls, hoping to find a road leading him to his native land. However, the joy of freedom lasted only three days. In a conversation with the monk, Mtsyri says that his life without these days would be empty. The hero was destined to live a few moments. My whole life in the monastery was erased by these three days. Once free, the young man experienced a huge shock: he was stunned by the grandeur and beauty of the Caucasian nature. The action takes place among lush flowering fields, whimsically surrounding mountain ranges. The hero imagines the trees as brothers in a circular dance, and the mountain ranges seem to him like brothers in a stone embrace. Only Mtsyri is lonely, he has lost his family since childhood, he has no one. Naturally, images of kinship and unity evoke a young man’s understandable desire to replenish his connections with nature.

Nature gives the runaway young man a new surge of strength, she gives rest, quenches his thirst, and allows him to touch the happiness of love. It should be noted that it was love that helped to see the exceptional character traits of the young man’s personality. On the first day of his adventures, the young man encounters a beautiful Georgian girl, who with her singing awakens a new romantic feeling in the hero’s heart. Lermontov shows that only a pure and ardent nature can be embraced by passionate love. But the young man did not dare to enter the girl’s house, because: for the hero, freedom turns out to be higher than love. No matter how attractive the call of peace and happiness is, Mtsyri renounces the personal in order to fulfill his goal.

However, Mtsyri got lost, and his dream of freedom was destroyed by a meeting with a mighty leopard. Fighting with him, the young man himself becomes like wild beast. The hero treats his opponent with respect. In this fight the essence is most clearly revealed heroic character Mtsyri. He won the unequal battle and was able to find the strength to continue his journey. But fate laughs at the hero. The young man’s body is wounded by the claws of the leopard, so the young man understands that he will no longer be able to get to his native places and he must die young, taking with him to the grave his dreams of his homeland.

The freedom-loving soul of the prisoner never reconciled after for long years life in captivity. And when he is discovered by the inhabitants of the monastery, dying and exhausted, he rejects all their spiritual values. He tells his captors that he would exchange both paradise and eternity for a few moments of life in his homeland. And in these words one can hear the sounds of the victory of youth, health and strength over the limitations, humility and trembling caution of the measured way of life in the monastery.

He dies unconquered, unbroken by any adversity or suffering. Mtsyri asks the monks only one thing, that he be buried in that corner of the monastery garden from where you can see the Caucasus. His secret hope is for the mercy of the cool wind blowing from the mountains, and suddenly the breeze will carry to the orphan’s grave the faint sound of a native song or a fragment of mountain speech.

This short poem by Lermontov will always call the reader to heroic deeds in the name of goodness and freedom, so that one can answer without shame: “Do you want to know what I did in freedom? Lived..."

Illustration for the Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"

Essay on the topic: the theme of freedom in Mtsyri’s poem 5.00 /5 (100.00%) 1 vote

The theme of freedom in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri".

Essay plan:
1. The history of the creation of the poem.
2. Freedom-loving hero:
- character of the hero;
- the escape;
- life in freedom;
- return to the monastery.
3. Death of a hero.

The entire work of Mikhail Lermontov is permeated with the theme of prisonerhood and freedom. The Caucasus with its proud and unyielding spirit was very close to the rebellious, eager soul of the poet. These two themes were embodied in the poem “Mtsyri”, written in 1839 and published in 1840 in the collection “Poems of M. Lermontov”.
According to contemporaries, the plot of the poem is based on real events. Nowadays, it is not possible to establish the reliability of this information. But the fact remains a fact - in the years Caucasian War There were frequent cases of captivity of mountaineer children by Russians.

At the beginning of the story, we learn that the main character was captured by a Russian general at a very young age (only six years old), but already possessed a proud and strong spirit of his people:
...He has no complaints
I was languishing, even a weak moan
Didn't come out of children's lips,
He signly rejected food
And he died quietly, proudly.
The protagonist’s childhood and youth were overshadowed by homesickness, but gradually he got used to a new way of life:
...But after that he got used to captivity,
I began to understand a foreign language,
Was baptized by the holy father
And, unfamiliar with the noisy light,
Already wanted in the prime of life
Take a monastic vow...
But the past stands as a shadow on the hero's path. Looking from the windows of the monastery towers at the mountain range, the young man remembered his home, his homeland, his father and mother, and his sisters. And then the hero makes an oath - to gain freedom and no matter what the cost, because only life in freedom can be called life, everything else is existence.
Mtsyri runs during a thunderstorm. He doesn’t know the road, doesn’t know what will happen to him next, but at the same time the hero is happy, because here it is – freedom. There is no place for fear in his soul:
But free youth is strong,
And death seemed not scary!
The hero's escape lasted only three days. He was free for only three days. In such a short time, he experienced more emotions and feelings than during the years of his life spent in the monastery. He managed to experience the feeling of falling in love, test his strength in a fight with a snow leopard, and once again become convinced that, if not for captivity, he would have become a completely different person:
...But now I am sure
What could happen in the land of our fathers
Not one of the last daredevils...
Tired, exhausted and hungry, Mtsyri loses his way. The path leads him to the walls of the hated monastery:
...And I was scared to understand
I couldn’t for a long time, that again
I returned to my prison;
That so many days are useless
I caressed a secret plan,
He endured, languished and suffered...
Mtsyri's despair is great. He blames his prison for this and compares himself to a prison flower, to which freedom is contraindicated:
But what? The dawn has barely risen,
The scorching ray burned her
A flower raised in prison...
And yet, it cannot be said that the hero is subdued. Yes, he is dying. But he dies unconquered, not resigned to his bondage:
...By the light of a blue day
I'll get drunk for the last time.
The Caucasus is visible from there!
Perhaps he is from his heights
The farewell greetings will be sent to me...
I think that to some extent Mikhail Yuryevich personified himself with the main character. Lermontov saw his happiness only in freedom. And it was freedom that he never found during his lifetime, forced to obey other people’s orders. His hero Mtsyri was unable to break free from the monastery, but at least he was free for three whole days. The theme of freedom in the poem “Mtsyri”

The poem "Mtsyri" is one of best works Russian romantic poetry in the spirit of Byron. This is no longer the romanticism of Zhukovsky, the romanticism of gloomy fairy tales of the German type, this is a story about a powerful soul undergoing suffering on the path to freedom. In Russian literature, perhaps only “Prisoner of the Caucasus” stands on a par with “Mtsyri”. Its hero is a man who, according to V. G. Belinsky’s definition, has a “fiery soul,” “mighty spirit,” “gigantic nature.” Mtsyri is one of those rebellious heroes of Lermontov who challenge fate and remain undefeated, even falling under its blows.

The action of the poem takes place in the Caucasus - the favorite space of Russian romantic poets. The Caucasus is already Russia, but still an unfamiliar land, different from everything familiar, ordinary, which every romantic avoids. This is a land of stunning beauty, a land of free and proud people. In 1820-1830 Russian literature is fascinated by the Caucasus, and Lermontov is close to this place like no one else. His poem “The Demon” is also dedicated to the Caucasus. Only later did Lermontov himself expose “his Caucasus” in the novel “A Hero of Our Time.”

Mtsyri is a romantically generalized image, close in spirit to Lermontov himself. His brother from “Prisoner of the Caucasus” is still a Pushkin image, and therefore is distinguished by greater lyricism, a craving for reflection and light sadness. Mtsyri only needs a fight. But for Lermontov this hero is not at all individualized, he does not even have a name. Mtsyri is the name of a Georgian monk, and not a proper name. Lermontov portrayed a certain spirit, a clot of energy striving for freedom. He is completely overwhelmed by this absolute passion, and in this respect he is unique.

The main thing in Mtsyri is the dream of freedom. The power of this dream is emphasized by the fact that the living conditions and the environment surrounding the boy were supposed to drown out even the thought of freedom: “gloomy and lonely,” he grew up in the stuffy cells of the monastery, seeing only walls and humbly praying monks. But in his soul lives a passion for freedom, which he “fed in the darkness of the night with tears and longing.” This dream is inseparable from memories of the homeland. Mtsyri does not know where the country of his fathers is, but fragmentary childhood memories take shape in his dreams “in that wonderful world of worries and battles, where rocks hide in the clouds, where people are free like eagles.” Mtsyri's strength is not only in the greatness of his dream, but also in his activity, in overcoming all obstacles, since on the path to freedom not only the monastery walls, but also the physical weakness of the hero.

The three days he spent in freedom became the embodiment of Mtsyri’s dream. This is a concentrated expression of the meaning of life in general, since they are filled to the limit with impressions and passions. For the first time, the greatness of nature was revealed to him, he experienced the charm of female beauty, knew the tension of battle and the joy of victory. And although he failed to achieve his goal, even the death of the hero is perceived as a victory: neither trials nor despair broke him, he is faithful to his ideal until his last breath.

It remains unclear why Mtsyri dies. Nothing is said about him being mortally wounded by the leopard he killed. It is only clear that he was torn away from his freedom, and now, having inhaled it full breasts, he cannot live any further. The hero could escape and find his way to his homeland of free people, but some kind of barrier stands between him and his freedom. What is this obstacle? Most likely this is a personal feeling of Lermontov, who felt his lack of freedom all his life and could not get away from it.

The image of Mtsyri is Lermontov’s “favorite ideal” (as Belinsky said). Undoubtedly, this is Lermontov himself, who dreamed only of freedom all his life. “There is no happiness in the world, but there is peace and will,” said Pushkin. Lermontov does not agree with this. Happiness and will are one thing for him, but he does not find this will anywhere. He also tried to paint the image of a free man in the passages about the Novgorodian Vadim, but did not finish it. One way or another, freedom either existed once upon a time, or will be given to a person only after death. The image of Mtsyri is tempting because he is a man who managed to taste his freedom, although he paid dearly for it.

The theme of freedom in the poem “Mtsyri” is key; it is revealed with the help of the accompanying themes of love for life and love for the Motherland. This choice main topic not accidental: “Mtsyri” is a work belonging to the romantic movement, which is dominated by the idea of the struggle of an individual person with fate itself, dissatisfaction with the present and the desire for higher ideals through overcoming obstacles. Often the conflict between personality and fate is tragic. We find confirmation of this idea in the plot of the poem: the main character, having chosen the path of struggle, the path of deprivation, touching his dream, dies. But in his death he finds such a longed-for freedom! The author portrays Mtsyri in an unusual way - outwardly he is not a fighter at all, not a romantic hero, but a weak, frail boy, but this is the author’s intention: the main thing is not external, but internal freedom, freedom of personality, freedom of spirit.

Mtsyri was born free, he is a child of the mountains, a child of the Caucasus (the embodiment of freedom for Lermontov), he cannot come to terms with life in captivity, but wants to go home, where there is freedom, a fresh wind. It is not for nothing that the author names his hero Mtsyri, which means “foreign”: he is on a foreign land, one way or another he is not free. Mtsyri chooses to live in freedom for three days and die, rather than to exist for the rest of his days in a monastery, which is a prison for the hero. Nature, as the embodiment of absolute freedom, responds to every emotion of the soul of the lyrical hero and empathizes with him. The escape scene, which is a turning point in the fate of the captive Circassian, is accompanied by a storm, a thunderstorm; the element is the exponent of the fugitive’s emotional experiences: “Tell me, what could you give me among these walls in return for that brief, but living friendship between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm?”

Finding himself outside the walls of the monastery, the fugitive is greeted by gentle nature, giving him its beauty: “God’s garden bloomed around me. The rainbow outfit of the plants kept the flowers of heavenly tears...” So significant for revealing the idea of the work and, in particular, for revealing the theme of freedom, nature is endowed with the whole spectrum human emotions, she is animated. To achieve this goal, the author resorts to the technique of personification. Metaphors, epithets, and comparisons are also widely used. Means of artistic representation, swiftness storyline are aimed at revealing the central theme of the work: the theme of freedom achieved through confrontation, struggle with the outside world, a struggle full of tragedy and deprivation. But only striving forward, overcoming obstacles can lead the hero to his goal - freedom, no matter in this world he achieves it or in another.

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Introduction

1. Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov - great Russian poet

1.1 Brief creative biography poet

2.1 History of creation, compositionally - artistic originality poems

Conclusion

Introduction

The work of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, a poet, prose writer, playwright, and artist, rightfully occupies one of the highest levels among Russian classics. Inheriting the traditions of the brilliant Russian poet A.S. Pushkin, Lermontov’s work, being a transitional link between romanticism and realism, marked the arrival of realism. His works, marked by the discovery of new forms and techniques in poetics and prose, left a deep mark on the firmament of Russian classical literature.

The poems “Demon” and “Mtsyri” and the novel “Hero of Our Time” are considered the pinnacle of the author’s creativity. One of the main themes in Lermontov’s work is love for the Motherland, loneliness and the theme of freedom. The topic of this work is relevant, since the theme of freedom is still one of the central ones in world literature; many great writers and poets have tried to develop it (F. Kafka “The Castle”, E. Zamyatin “We”, etc.).

The purpose of this work is to identify the techniques and methods with which the author reveals the theme of freedom in the poem “Mtsyri”.

In order to achieve the above goal, we have compiled next plan works:

1) Give brief description creative biography of M. Yu. Lermontov;

2) Study the history of the creation of the poem “Mtsyri”;

3) Describe the artistic and compositional originality of the poem;

4) Expand the theme of freedom in the work;

5) Analyze and summarize the findings in the conclusion.

1. Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov - great Russian poet

1.1 Brief creative biography of the poet

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov October 3 (15), 1814 - July 15 (27), 1841 - great Russian poet, prose writer, playwright, representative of the glorious Pushkin galaxy, whose works occupy place of honor among the Russian classics, he was born in Moscow, into an old noble family.

Lermontov's mother, Maria Mikhailovna, née Arsenyeva, died at a young age, when Mikhail was barely two years old. After her death, having quarreled with Mikhail’s father, Yuri Petrovich Lermontov, a retired captain who came from a family of impoverished nobles, her grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, née Stolypina, took up the upbringing and education of the future poet. All these events left a deep imprint on emotional background, in which the poet grew up, his worldview and character, which contemporaries described as “gloomy, bilious, angular, mocking, sharp-tongued.”

Mikhail Lermontov spent his childhood on his grandmother’s estate, in the village of Tarkhany, Chembarsky district, Penza region, among melodious peasant tunes, tales of Stenki Razin, the great beauty and vastness of Russia. Several times Arsenyeva took her sick grandson to the Caucasus, to the waters. Even then, the Caucasus, which later occupied one of the central places in the poet’s work, made an indelible impression on Mikhail Lermontov.

Lermontov receives an excellent education at home, he is engaged in painting and music, and masters several languages. From 1828 - 1830 Lermontov moves with his grandmother to Moscow and studies at a noble boarding school at Moscow University. It was here that he wrote his first lines and was passionately interested in the creative works of Byron, Pushkin, Griboyedov. Here the idea arises and finds the first embodiment of the poem “Demon” - one of the leitmotifs in the poet’s work. His first verses appear in the handwritten boarding house magazine “Morning Star”.

During these same years, he met the Lopukhin family, and Varvara Lopukhina became the poet’s main muse, for whom Lermontov had the deepest feelings ever evoked in him by a woman, carrying them throughout his entire life. Lermontov Mtsyri freedom poem

In 1830 he entered Moscow University, where he studied with V.G. Belinsky, A.I. Herzen, N.P. Ogarev, who even then had a huge influence on the ideological component of the students.

This period of Lermontov’s work includes the completely independent poems “Izmail Bey” (1832), “Litvinka” (1832), “Confession” (1831) - the prototype of the future poem “Mtsyri”. In 1832, the poet submitted a request to resign from the university, and left it.

The same year - Lermontov moved to St. Petersburg, and on the advice of a friend he entered the school of guards ensigns and cavalry cadets, where he spent, in his own words, “two terrible years” 1832-1834, filled with military drill, first in the rank of non-commissioned officer, and then then the cadets.

In spite of everything, Lermontov did not give up his work; he wrote the drama “Masquerade”, “Princess Ligovskaya”, etc. At the end of his service, cadet Lermontov was promoted to cornets of the Hussar Regiment stationed in Tsarskoye Selo. In 1835 - the first official publication for a wide range of readers, a story by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hadji Abrek".

1837 was a turning point for Lermontov, after the tragic death of A.S. Pushkin in a duel, the poet writes the poem “The Death of a Poet,” which instantly spreads across thousands of lists throughout the capital. Lermontov was arrested and transferred to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, which was then operating in the Caucasus.

A year later, in 1838, thanks to the connections and petition of his grandmother and Zhukovsky, the disgraced poet was transferred to Novgorod, and then again to Tsarskoye Selo. At this time, Lermontov entered the literary society of St. Petersburg, attended evenings, communicated with Turgenev, Belinsky, who saw in him “the hope of Russian literature,” and began work on the work “A Hero of Our Time.”

But in February 1840, Lermontov again became a central participant in a secular scandal - a duel with the son of the French ambassador E. Barant. The poet was arrested for a duel, and he again faces exile to the Caucasus, to the Tengin infantry regiment. On the way to his destination, Lermontov stops briefly in Moscow, where he reads an excerpt from his new poem “Mtsyri” to his friends for the first time.

In the Caucasus, Lermontov repeatedly takes part in hostilities, while witnesses repeatedly note his extraordinary bravery and courage. “I am writing to you by chance, really...” dates back to this time, where the evolution of the worldview foundations and creative techniques of the poet is traced - the absolute meaninglessness of war, the beauty and power of nature, which man is not able to comprehend, are noted, war appears in its true light, not in in the light of fanfare, and with its dirt, blood, but at the same time the noble traits of ordinary soldiers, their courage and love for the Motherland are noted.

1840 was marked by the publication of “A Hero of Our Time.” In 1841, Lermontov received a two-month vacation and went to St. Petersburg. While returning back to the regiment, to the Caucasus, on the road, Lermontov felt ill and was forced to stay in Pyatigorsk, where a tragic quarrel with Martynov took place, and on July 15 (27), 1841, the poet died during a duel on Mount Mashuk.

The poet was buried in Pyatigorsk, but a year later, at the request of his grandmother, the ashes of Mikhail Yuryevich were transported to the family estate of Tarkhany and buried in the Arsenyev family crypt.

2. The theme of freedom in the poem “Mtsyri”

2.1 History of creation, compositional and artistic originality of the poem

The culmination of the theme of freedom, its unattainability in this world - one of the cross-cutting themes of creativity - is embodied in Lermontov's hero Mtsyri - a man doomed to suffering, who strives for harmony and freedom, however, the prerequisites for this work can be traced in earlier works, such as “Confession” 1831, “Simple-hearted son of freedom...” 1830, “Forgive me! Will we see each other again..." 1832

His passion for the Caucasus, his desire to depict situations in which the courageous character of the hero can be revealed most fully, led Lermontov at the time of his greatest flourishing to create the poem “Mtsyri”.

Mtsyri's poem was written in 1839; The date was put by Lermontov himself on the cover of the notebook containing the text of the poem: “August 5, 1939.” The original title - “Beri” - was commented by the author: “Beri, in Georgian monk.” Subsequently, the title was replaced by “Mtsyri”, which means, firstly, “a non-serving monk, something like a novice” (Lermontov’s note and, secondly, “an alien, a foreigner.” Under this second title, more consistent with the content, the poem and was published in 1840.

Lermontov's biographer P. A. Viskovatov, based on the testimony of Lermontov's relatives A. P. Shan - Girey and A. A. Khasatov, linked the origin of the idea of the poem with the poet's wanderings along the old Georgian Military Road; in Mtskheta, Lermontov met “a lonely monk... learned from him that he was a highlander by birth, captivated as a child by General Ermolov... The general took him with him and left the sick boy of the monastery brethren. This is where he grew up; For a long time I could not get used to the monastery, I was sad and tried to escape to the mountains. The consequence of such an attempt was a long illness that brought him to the brink of the grave.” The reliability of this information has not been proven, however, this story is quite plausible. While working on “Mtsyri”, Lermontov more than once turned to the early poems “Confession” and “Boyarin Orsha”, from which a number of individual poems were borrowed.

It is known that the poet himself read “Mtsyri” to his friends and acquaintances. According to the memoirs of A. N. Muravyov (1806 - 1874) - poet and memoirist: “At that very moment, in a fit of delight, he read to me from beginning to end the entire magnificent poem “Mtsyri”, which had just poured out from under his inspired pen ... Never has any story made such a strong impression on me.”

A. S. Pushkin opened with “southern poems” (“Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Gypsies”, etc.), and M. Yu. Lermontov closed the era of high romanticism with his lyrics and Caucasian poems “Demon” and “Mtsyri”.

“Mtsyri” is one of Lermontov’s best poems, the pinnacle of Russian romanticism in general. This is history short life Mtsyri, a story about his failed attempt to escape from the monastery. Mtsyri's whole life is told in one small chapter, and all the remaining 24 stanzas are constructed in the form of a monologue by the hero about three days spent in freedom and which gave the hero as many impressions as he had not received in many years of monastic life. The “wonderful world” he discovered contrasts sharply with the gloomy world of the monastery.

Mtsyri, full of fiery passions, gloomy and lonely, revealing his “soul” in a story - a confession, is perceived as the hero of romantic poems. However, Lermontov, who created “Mtsyri” in those years when the realistic novel “A Hero of Our Time” was also being created, introduces into his work features that are not present in earlier poems. If the past of the hero of the poem “Confession” is not known to us, and we do not know under what conditions his character was formed, then the lines about an unhappy childhood and adolescence, with the exception of life in his native village “And my young sisters ... // Their rays sweet eyes // And the sound of their songs and speeches // Over my cradle...”, Mtsyri help to better understand the hero’s experiences and thoughts. The very form of confession, characteristic of romantic poems, is associated with the desire to deeper reveal - “tell” - the soul. The romantic poem “Mtsyri” testified to the growth of realistic tendencies in Lermontov’s work. For example, the place where all the described events take place is clearly indicated: “Where, merging, they make noise, // Embracing like two sisters, // The jets of Aragva and Kura.”

In the context of this work, the very name Mtsyri, in addition to the notes of the author himself, appears in a different light and he can be considered as “a lonely person who has no family or friends,” which is very characteristic of the hero - a romantic: “I could not tell anyone // Sacred words “ father and mother"; “And how I lived, in a foreign land // I will die a slave and an orphan.”

At first glance, the composition of the poem is very simple: a brief exposition, the beginning - the hero's escape from the monastery, his return and the story of three days spent outside the monastery walls, and finally, the death of Mtsyri. However, each plot motif is symbolically expanded by the author and filled with deep philosophical meaning. For example, in the author’s speech, the monastery is “protective walls” “... and within the walls // Guardian he remained, // Saved by friendly art,” and for the hero the monastery is a prison, a symbol of his lack of freedom, the impossibility of his own fate “I am little lived and lived in captivity. // These are two lives in one, // But only full of anxiety, // I would trade it if I could.”

The hero escapes, actually risking his life, in a very dangerous moment, at the time of a thunderstorm in the mountains: “And at the hour of the night, a terrible hour, // When the thunderstorm frightened you, // When, crowded at the altar, // You were lying prostrate on the ground, I ran away.”

The three days the hero spent in freedom become a symbol human life, because they contain all the most vivid impressions of life. “Do you want to know what I did // When I was free? Once upon a time my life lived // Without these three blissful days // It would have been sadder and gloomier // Your powerless old age.” In addition, the image of Mtsyri languishing in captivity symbolizes a person experiencing in any situation the same drama as the hero of the poem in his captivity.

The Caucasian landscape is introduced into the poem mainly as a means of revealing the image of the hero. Mtsyri's surroundings are alien to him, but he acutely feels his kinship with nature. The hero compares himself to a pale leaf that grew between damp slabs." "Gloomy and lonely, // A leaf torn off by a thunderstorm, // I grew up in the gloomy walls // A child at heart, a monk by fate."

Once released, the hero eagerly peers, absorbing the slightest nuances, into every picture that opens to him, he identifies himself with nature, merges with it. He recognizes it and himself in it, understands his purpose. And he sees differently, seemingly completely ordinary for ordinary person things: sunrise “And so, in the foggy heights // The birds began to sing, and the east // became rich; the breeze // The damp leaves moved; // The sleepy flowers have died.”

He understands the dispute between the stream and the stones, the thoughts of separated rocks eager to meet “I saw piles of dark rocks, // When the stream separated them, // And I guessed their thoughts // Stretched out in the air for a long time // Their stone embraces, // And they thirst encounters every moment; // But the days fly by, the years fly by - // They will never come together!”

His gaze is sharpened by “smooth glittering scales, // The snake slid between the stones” and the shimmer of silver on the leopard’s fur, “And on it // The wool shimmered with silver,” he sees the jagged teeth of distant mountains and the pale “between the dark sky and earth,” it seems to him, that his “diligent gaze” could follow the transparent blue sky and the flight of angels.

“God’s garden was blooming all around me; // Plants' rainbow outfit // Kept traces of heavenly tears, // And curls grape vines// Weaving, showing off between the trees // Transparent green leaves; // And the clusters were full on them, // Earrings looked like expensive ones, // They hung magnificently, and sometimes // A timid swarm of birds flew towards them. // And again I fell to the ground // And again I began to listen // To magical, strange voices; // They whispered through the bushes, // As if they were talking // About the secrets of heaven and earth.”

Lermontov in the poem refers to folk art, for example, the episode of the duel between Mtsyri and the leopard is inspired by motifs of Georgian folk poetry.

Mtsyri never achieves his goal and dies in a foreign land, but this does not deprive the work of life-affirming pathos. Lermontov glorifies a man who fights until his last breath, and this tragic lyricism illuminates the finale of the work.

2.2 The theme of freedom in the poem and Lermontov’s work

In the poet’s work, from the very beginning of his journey, two images, two themes were formed, which subsequently paved the way through Lermontov’s entire life, his quests and aspirations, and were reflected as two models of life behavior, as well as in his idea of himself. The theme of chosenness in all the diversity of this word: from proud detachment from small everyday human problems to the feeling of being a prophet, persecuted by people unable to understand him. And the theme of freedom, an ideal that is unattainable, even if a person is ready to pay for it with his life, like Mtsyri, or eternal damnation, like the Demon. Hence the feeling of world sorrow caused by the structure of the world, where there is no place for a powerful personality.

The image of Mtsyri is the embodiment of Lermontov’s favorite thought about the impossibility of reconciliation with violence against the individual, about the need to fight against any type of oppression. For Lermontov's hero there is no " good reason"to submit to circumstances. The fragile, sickly Mtsyri is saved by “friendly art,” but neither the “protective walls” nor the sympathy of the old monk who raised him can force him to become a monk and stay forever in the monastery, which promised him a calm life in a circle worthy people. In his understanding, the monastery is a prison that suppresses his desire for freedom. The ascetic life of the monks rejects his desire to live brightly, fully. “Three Blissful Days” is filled with just such impressions: unity with nature, the rapture of battle, the feeling own strength, a tender vision of a young Georgian girl. The young man's rebellion ends tragically: he fatally returns in his wanderings to the walls of the monastery. The circle is closed, there is no way out.

The central theme of the work is the glorification of a rebellious, freedom-loving personality. The poem “Mtsyri” closes the line of romantic heroics in Lermontov’s work. In contrast to “Confession,” where the hero, imprisoned, proclaims the right to love, which is higher than monastic regulations. In "Mtsyri" love theme does not become central. Having met a Georgian girl, Mtsyri overcomes the temptation of solitary happiness far from her homeland. The main goal of the hero is unity with like-minded people, finding a homeland.

Love for the fatherland and thirst for will merge for him into one, but “fiery passion”: “I knew only the power of thoughts, // One but fiery passion: // She lived in me like a worm, // Gnawing away at my soul and burned it. // She called my dreams // From stuffy cells and prayers // To that wonderful world of worries and battles.”

The monastery becomes a prison for Mtsyri, the cells seem stuffy, gloomy and deaf to him, and the monks seem cowardly and pathetic, he himself - a slave and a prisoner. Only outside the monastery he lived, and did not vegetate. He calls only these days bliss; the tragic loneliness in the monastery strengthened Mtsyri’s will. It is no coincidence that he fled from the monastery on a stormy night: what frightened the fearful monks filled his heart with a feeling of brotherhood with the thunderstorm. The hero’s courage and resilience are most clearly demonstrated in the battle with the leopard. He was not afraid of the grave, because he knew; returning to the monastery is a continuation of their suffering. The tragic ending indicates that the approach of death does not weaken the hero’s spirit; the admonitions of the old monk do not force him to repent. Now, he would “trade paradise and eternity” for graves for a few minutes of life among close and dear people.

We see how this work organically combines the main themes and motifs of the author’s work: loneliness, the image of the Motherland, the feeling of doom of the spiritual impulse, the triumph and greatness of God and nature. The main thing in this work is the motives of movement towards the eternal goal - the image of a natural and free life, merged with nature, protest, a call for deliverance from slavery.

The poet’s work seemed to absorb the spirit of the era; the brilliant poet managed to capture the mood of the time. Clearly realizing that there is no real hope of reconciliation with existing world no, and that the tragic outcome of the duel between dreams and reality is inevitable, Lermontov puts forward the idea of active action as an example of truly human behavior.

Conclusion

Our analysis of the poem “Mtsyri” by M. Yu. Lermontov in the aspect of the techniques and methods with which the author reveals the theme of freedom allows us to draw the following conclusions:

1) The main idea of the work is the impossibility of reconciliation with violence against the individual, the need to fight any type of oppression. The central theme of the work is the hymn to the freedom-loving and rebellious hero - Mtsyri;

3) Clearly understanding that there is no and never will be hope for reconciliation with reality, Lermontov still opposes the circumstances active actions the main character, whose crushing and fatal passion leads him to a tragic death.

4) The poem ends the period of heroic romance in Lermontov’s work, and marks the author’s evolution in the transition to realism.

Fate was destined for him to live only twenty-seven earthly years, but even in this short period of time he managed to leave a great legacy - an inexhaustible source of inspiration and strength, and a vast field of activity for researching the subtlest nuances of the human soul.

Lermontov's works received a great response in painting, theater, and cinema. His poems became a veritable treasure trove for opera, symphony and romance, and many of them became folk songs. The themes of his poems “Demon” and “Mtsyri” served as the basis for the creative works of many authors, and actually became an independent phenomenon, for example, the works of Vrubel. The poems “The Lonely Sail Whitens” and “I Go Out Alone on the Road” are included in the treasury of world literature.

List of used literature

1) Korovin V.I. Creative path of M.Yu. Lermontov. M.: Education, 1973. P. 79.

2) Kraevsky A.A. Memoirs: (Retold by P.A. Viskovatov) // M.Yu. Lermontov in the memoirs of his contemporaries. M.: Artist. lit., 1989. pp. 312-313.

3) Lermontov Encyclopedia. M.: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1981. P. 635.

4) Lominadze S. The poetic world of Lermontov. M.: Sovremennik, 1985. pp. 222-225.

5) Maksimov D. E. Lermontov’s poetry. M.: Nauka, 1964. P. 190.

6) Novickas L.A., Pershkina A.N., Fedotov A.S. II international Conference young researchers Lermontov and his literary heritage // Bulletin of Moscow State University, 2011. Issue No. 6. P. 213 - 215.

7) Tereshkina D. B. Conference M. Yu. Lermontov and history // Veliky Novgorod, 2013. Issue No. 2. P. 251.

8) Kolovski A. A. Compositional poetic structure of the works of M.Yu. Lermontov // Bulletin of TSU. 2012 Issue No. 3. pp. 18 - 20.

9) Works in two volumes. Volume one / Comp. And comm. I.S. Finishing. M.: Pravda, 1988. 719 p.

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The theme of inner freedom in the poem Mtsyri.

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Introduction

1. Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov - great Russian poet

1.1 Brief creative biography of the poet

2. The theme of freedom in the poem “Mtsyri”

2.1 History of creation, compositional and artistic originality of the poem

2.2 The theme of freedom in the poem and Lermontov’s work

Conclusion

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