Vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Vitamin B 6 name

In the first half of the last century, scientific research related to vitamin B6 began, which is continued by many scientists to this day. In 1934, researcher Paul Györgyi first discovered this vitamin. He was the first to give the now generally accepted names to the discovered substance in 1939 - vitamin B6, pyridoxine. In 1938, an American researcher was the first to isolate pure crystalline water-soluble pyridoxine.

Vitamin B6 is actually a group of vitamins: pyridoxine, pyridoxinal and pyridoxamine, which are closely related and act together (calorizer). B6 is required for the formation of antibodies and red blood cells.

Physico-chemical properties of vitamin B6

By their chemical nature, the substances of the vitamin B6 group are pyridine derivatives. It is a white crystalline substance, highly soluble in and.

Enemies: long-term storage, water, food processing, estrogens.

Daily requirement for vitamin B6

The table shows more detailed data on the daily requirement of pyridoxine:

Vitamin B6 promotes proper absorption of protein and fat. Promotes the conversion of tryptophan - an essential amino acid - into. Helps prevent various nerve and skin disorders. Relieves nausea. Promotes proper synthesis of nucleic acids that prevent aging. Reduces nighttime muscle spasms, calf muscle cramps, numbness of the hands, and certain forms of neuritis of the extremities. Acts as a natural diuretic.

People who consume large amounts of protein need this vitamin (calorizer). Vitamin B6 can reduce insulin requirements in diabetics and, if the dosage is not adjusted, can lead to low blood sugar.

Pyridoxine is useful for the following diseases:

• Leukopenia;
• Anemia;
• Toxicosis during pregnancy;
• Meniere's disease;
• Air and sea sickness;
• Hepatitis;
• Diseases of the nervous system;
• Various skin diseases.

Harmful properties of vitamin B6

Pyridoxine is well tolerated in all forms. Has very low toxicity. People with individual intolerance to pyridoxine may develop allergic reactions in the form of urticaria. It can only cause harm if taken for a long time in very large doses. In this case, symptoms occur: numbness of the limbs, tingling, a feeling of squeezing, loss of sensation.

Vitamin B6 absorption

Vitamin B6 is well absorbed by the body, and its excess is excreted in the urine. It is excreted 8 hours after administration and, like everything else, should be replenished, but if there is not enough vitamin in the body, the absorption of the vitamin noticeably worsens.

Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency:

• Drowsiness, irritability, lethargy;
• Loss of appetite, nausea;
• Dry skin above the eyebrows, around the eyes, on the neck;
• Cracks and sores in the corners of the mouth;
• Patchy hair loss;
• Insomnia;
• Depression;
• Flatulence;
• The appearance of kidney stones;
• Conjunctivitis;
• Stomatitis.

The following symptoms of pyridoxine deficiency are typical for infants:

• Increased excitability;
• Convulsions resembling epilepsy;
• Stunted growth;
• Gastrointestinal disorders.

Diseases caused by B6 deficiency: anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis.

Excess vitamin B6 in the body

Pyridoxine is generally well tolerated in all forms and is rapidly excreted naturally in the urine. But long-term use of large doses of vitamin B6 can cause harm. Daily doses ranging from 2-10 grams may cause neurological disorders. Possible symptoms of excessive intake of vitamin B6 are restlessness during sleep and excessively vivid dream memories (calorizer). More than 500 mg per day is not recommended.

Interaction of vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) with other substances

Pyridoxine is necessary for proper absorption. Essential for formation and connections.

People with arthritis who are being treated with penicillamine should take supplements of this vitamin.

Supplements of this vitamin should not be taken by those taking levodopa for Parkinson's disease.

Vitamin B6, together with vitamins, has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, prevents the occurrence of ischemia, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

See more about vitamin B6 in the video “Organic Chemistry. Vitamin B6"

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble B vitamin, poorly soluble in fats. Relatively stable at high temperatures, decomposes under the influence of light and oxygen. It is not synthesized in the body, sources of intake are food and pharmacological drugs.

What does the body need vitamin B6 for?

Benefits of taking pyridoxine

• The enzyme transaminase is secreted, which is necessary for the processing of amino acids and the regulation of protein absorption.
• Under stress, the production of biogenic amines increases.
• The bioavailability of fatty acids improves.
• The rate of biochemical reactions increases.
• Reducing the synthesis of oxalic acid reduces the risk of development and relapse of urolithiasis.
• Converts folic acid to its active form.
• Dermatological diseases are prevented.
• Thanks to the lipotropic effect, liver functioning improves.
• Reduces premenstrual pain.

For systems and organs

Nervous system

• Metabolism in the brain increases, memory improves.
• Neurotransmitters are actively synthesized - serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine and norepinephrine.
• The supply of nervous tissue with nutrient substrates improves.
• Prevents and eliminates muscle spasms and tremors.

The cardiovascular system:

• Ischemia, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction are prevented, blood is thinned and blood pressure is reduced.
• The content of potassium and sodium in the blood and intercellular fluid is normalized.
• Swelling of the face and limbs in chronic heart diseases is reduced.
• Necessary for hemoglobin synthesis, reduces cholesterol levels in the blood, and prevents thrombosis.
• Normalizes the functioning of the heart and increases its ability to relax during diastole.

Endocrine system:

• The use of glucose becomes more efficient, its level in the blood changes without sudden surges and falls.
• Maintains estrogen balance, preventing the appearance of tumors in women.
• Necessary for the synthesis of most hormones.
• Helps preserve vision in diabetes mellitus.

Vitamin B6 instructions for use

Injection: administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously slowly, 1-2 times a day. When administered intravenously, a single dose is diluted with 1-2 ml of water for injection or isotonic sodium chloride solution immediately before use.

Pills: Take orally with a small amount of liquid, regardless of food.

Pyridoxine for hair

If there is a lack of pyridoxine in the body, the hair dries out, breaks and splits. The scalp becomes oily, dandruff appears, and hair grows poorly. Vitamin B6 has gained wide popularity among cosmetologists to eliminate such problems.

Benefits for hair

• Dry hair is hydrated because vitamin B6 retains water.
• Hair growth increases.
• Due to the soothing effect, skin itching is eliminated.
• Hair stops falling out, thickens and strengthens.
• Dandruff disappears.
• The blood supply to the roots improves, the hair becomes smooth, increases in volume and begins to shine.

The most popular masks with pyridoxine from ampoules. They must be applied to unwashed hair, covering the head with polyethylene and wrapping it in a thick towel. In case of significant hair loss, masks should be applied every other day, for preventive purposes - 2 times a week.

Hair mask recipes

1. Heat 2 teaspoons of burdock oil in a water bath and mix with an ampoule of pyridoxine. Apply to damp hair and leave for 2 hours.
2. Beat a chicken egg and mix with a tablespoon of almond oil. Add 1 ampoule of pyridoxine and vitamin B12, mix and apply to dry hair overnight. Leave for an hour, rinse with warm water and go to bed. Wash your hair with shampoo no earlier than after 8 hours.
3. Melt 2 tablespoons of honey and add 1 ampoule of vitamins A, E, B6 and B12. Stir and pour a teaspoon of sunflower oil and lemon juice into the mixture. Apply for an hour, then wash your hair with shampoo.

Vitamin B6 during pregnancy

During pregnancy, the body's need for pyridoxine increases by 1.5-2 times. It is prescribed in combination with magnesium, which increases the absorption of both elements (Magne B6). Pyridoxine eliminates morning sickness and leg cramps in the last trimester of pregnancy.

Indications for use::

• Threat of miscarriage.
• Detachment of the placenta.
• Increased uterine tone.
• Skeletal muscle cramps.
• History of difficult pregnancy and complicated childbirth.
• Frequent stress.
• Tachycardia.
• Arrhythmia.
• Hypertension.

Vitamin B6 for children

A lack of pyridoxine in the diet of children can cause severe pathologies in the development of the nervous system. If it is deficient, the child sleeps poorly and suffers from night cramps. For babies, it is important that the mother gets enough vitamin B6. Before giving the drug to children under one year of age, consultation with a pediatrician is necessary.

Daily requirement

Increasing the dose by 25-30% is necessary:

• While taking contraceptives and medications containing estrogen.
• In the last week of pregnancy.
• A week before the start of your period.
• While taking steroid-based medications.
• If you are overweight.
• For acne and inflammatory skin diseases.

Vitamin B6 indications for use

Pyridoxine is prescribed for:

• B6-hypovitaminosis.
• Anemia.
• Toxicosis during pregnancy.
• Decreased leukocyte levels.
• Meniere's disease.
• Motion sickness and seasickness.
• Inflammation in the gallbladder and liver.
• Parkinsonism, neuritis, radiculitis and neuralgia.
• Neurodermatitis, psoriasis and diathesis.
• Diabetes mellitus.
• Edema of cardiogenic origin.
• Deterioration of cardiac contractility.
• Increased blood pressure and risk of myocardial infarction.
• Depression and increased nervous tension.
• Urolithiasis.
• Obesity.
• Atherosclerosis.
• Decreased immunity.
• Deterioration of vision due to diabetes.
• Increased hematocrit.
• Hypercholesterolemia.

Assimilation

When administered intramuscularly, the bioavailability of pyridoxine is 100%. In food it is contained in the form of compounds that break down in the small intestine. With the blood, vitamin B6 enters the liver, where it undergoes dephosphorylation and then phosphorylation. The maximum concentration is observed in the liver, kidneys and myocardium.

What foods contain vitamin B6?

Where is vitamin B6 found in animal products:

• Tuna, mackerel and sardine fillets.
• Chicken and beef liver.
• Chicken fillet.
• Eggs.
• Shrimp and oysters.
• Beef and lamb.
• Dairy products.

Plant products:

• Hazelnuts, pine nuts and walnuts.
• Beans.
• Potato.
• Sea buckthorn and pomegranate.
• Horseradish and garlic.
• Bell pepper.
• Green peas, soy and lentils.
• Bananas.
• Millet.
• Yeast.

Vitamin B6 deficiency

Pyridoxine deficiency is characterized by:

• Excessive irritability, lethargy and mental dysfunction.
• Insomnia and a feeling of causeless anxiety.
• Decreased appetite and developmental delays in children.
• Convulsive syndrome.
• Flatulence.
• Formation of uroliths in the kidneys and bladder.
• Abnormal electroencephalogram readings.
• Peripheral neuritis, polyneuritis of the arms and legs.
• The development of anemia with a sufficient amount of iron in the body.
• Inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes.
• Stomatitis, rhinitis and conjunctivitis.
• Glossitis and ulceration of the oral cavity.
• Severe bleeding gums.
• Convulsive conditions in children under 7 years of age.
• Increased blood viscosity and its tendency to form clots, clogging blood vessels and causing thrombosis.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• The inability of the immune system to synthesize antibodies.

Overdose

Vitamin B6 is quickly metabolized and excreted in the urine. Exceeding dosages 50 times over several years does not lead to deterioration in health.
Increasing the dose hundreds of times can lead to:

• Peripheral blood flow disorders.
• Tachycardia and pain radiating to the left arm.
• Migraines, drowsiness and dizziness.
• Excitement and lack of coordination.
• Paresthesia of the arms and legs.
• A feeling of pressure on the limbs (stocking and glove syndrome).
• Difficulty breathing.
• Anaphylaxis, urticaria, itchy rash, redness of the skin, dermatitis, Quincke's edema and photosensitivity.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Deterioration of the immune system's resistance to infections.
• Heartburn and increased production of gastric juice.
• Reducing folic acid content.
• Partial baldness.
• Disturbances in the blood coagulation system.
• Fainting and convulsive syndrome when large doses are administered intravenously.
• Inhibition of milk production in nursing mothers.

Long-term overdose causes a decrease in the amount of protein in skeletal muscles, liver, kidneys and heart.

Drugs and release forms

Vitamin B6 in ampoules – price 11 UAH/35 RUR for 10 ampoules of 1 ml.

Compound: pyridoxine hydrochloride – 0.05 g, water for injection – up to 1 ml.

Vitamin B6 tablets – price 9 UAH/28 RUR for 10 tablets.

Compound:

• Active ingredient– priridoxine hydrochloride 0.05 g.
• Additional components: microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide, talc, magnesium stearate.

Compatibility

The following drug interactions have been described:

• When taken simultaneously with diuretics, pyridoxine enhances their effect.
• Combined use with hormonal contraceptives, cycloserine, penicillamine, isoniazid, hydralazine sulfate, ethionamide and immunosuppressants reduces the effectiveness of vitamin B6.
• Pyridoxine partially blocks the effect of drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and weakens the pharmacological effect of phenytoin.
• When taken in combination with corticosteroid hormones, the content of pyridoxine in the body decreases.
• Simultaneous use with glutamic acid and asparkam increases the brain's resistance to hypoxia.
• The parallel use of vitamin B6 and cardiac glycosides stimulates the production of contractile proteins in the heart muscle.
• Pyridoxine prevents complications from taking tricyclic antidepressants caused by their anticholinergic effects (decreased salivation, anuria).
• Simultaneous administration with chloramphenicol derivatives reduces the risk of ophthalmic pathologies.
• Vitamin B6 is compatible with vitamin B12, but mixing them in the same container is not recommended.
• It is undesirable to mix pyridoxine with alkali solutions, iron derivatives and solutions of strong oxidizing agents.
• Do not mix vitamin B6 in the same container with solutions of adrenergic agonists, ampicillin sodium salt, amphotericin B, ascorbic acid, phytomenaion, dipyridamole, sodium oxyferiscorbone, phenothiazine derivatives (chlorpromazine), furosemide, etamsylate and euphilin.

Video about vitamin

Kalorizator 2020 - Vitamins, instructions for medications, proper nutrition. All information is for informational purposes only. Be sure to consult a doctor during treatment.

Vitamin B6 is also called adermin or factor Y (old names that were used during the discovery and initial study of why the body needs it).

This is the general name for chemical compounds that exhibit pyridoxine activity: pyridoxal, pyridoxine and pyridoxamine. Otherwise they are called “B6 vitamers”, which are of great importance in proper human nutrition to ensure the normal functioning of many organs and systems.

Vitamin B6 - what is its role in the body, what it is responsible for and what foods it is found in.

The history of the discovery of the substance can be divided into 3 stages:

1. 1934– discovery of a new substance during the study of yeast preparations;
2. 1938– a substance was isolated from yeast and rice bran that helped cure symmetrical dermatitis. The new chemical compound was named adermin;
3. 1939– the structure of the substance was determined, it was named pyridoxyl (pyridoxine).

Physiological role

Vitamin B6 and why the body needs it is the main question in scientific research. Once in the human body, as a result of multi-stage reactions, B6 vitamers are converted into pyridoxal phosphate, an integral part of many enzymes that catalyze the most important processes of assimilation and dissimilation.

They are as follows:

• hemoglobin synthesis;
• histamine;
• lipid and carbohydrate metabolism;
• stages of protein synthesis during which hereditary information from a gene is transformed into RNA or protein of the body.

With its participation, hormones and neurotransmitters are synthesized: adrenaline, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, aminobutyric acid.

Physiological role:

• The properties of any organism are determined by the proteins from which it is built. The unit of structure of any protein is amino acids. Our body can create some on its own, while we get many from food. The most important property of amino acids is intertransformation. That is, if the body currently does not have enough for the synthesis of a certain amino acid, then it can be created from another that is available in excess. It is the process of mutual transfer of amino acids that triggers and regulates pyridoxine.
• This substance promotes better absorption of food chemical compounds by the villi of the small intestine and their transfer to cells and tissues.
• Ensuring the vital activity of body cells is carried out thanks to ATP. It is adenosine triphosphate that cells use as an energy depot. The ladder of reactions that results in the synthesis of ATP in mitochondria and plastids is called the Krebs cycle. The course of this multi-stage process, as a result of which ATP is synthesized from carbohydrates entering the body, occurs under the control of pyridoxine.
• The main property of nerve cells is the ability to excite. The excitability of the central nervous system requires the opposite effect - inhibition. Exaltation and convulsions are the result of excessive excitation and lack of inhibition in the central nervous system; it occurs when there is insufficient intake of pyridoxine in the body. Excitation is extinguished by the influence of neurotransmitters: serotonin, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which are products of decarboxylation reactions. This reaction takes place with the participation of pyridoxine. For the body, it is the coordinator of the normal functioning of the spinal cord and brain.
• Thanks to pyridoxine, the body synthesizes more siderophyllin protein, which transports iron from the intestines to the bone marrow. It is the hematopoietic organ. Iron is required to create hemoglobin, which is part of red blood cells. It provides transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the bloodstream.
• B6 increases the production of succinic acid and norepinephrine, which increase the metabolic rate: cells are renewed more energetically, rejuvenating organs.

Physical and chemical properties

Pyridoxine and all its derivatives have a number of similar physical characteristics.

Chemical properties are determined by the presence of an aldehyde (or amine) and alcohol group in the substance:

Why does the body need pyridoxine?

Vitamin B6 and why the body needs it have been studied for a relatively short time. But now medical statistics say that more than a hundred diseases and disorders begin with pyridoxine deficiency. And every sixth person on the planet experiences this deficiency. It is impossible to list all the problems that arise with hypovitaminosis B6.

In the human body, the course of the most important processes and the prevention of serious diseases are associated with it:

• synthesis of transaminase in the liver for complete protein metabolism;
• lipid metabolism, which is very important for preventing obesity and maintaining the structure of cell membranes;
• carbohydrate metabolism, which helps regulate blood sugar levels;
• beneficial effect on the organ of vision;
• prevention of blood clots;
• optimization of blood pressure;
• the diuretic effect helps remove excess fluid from the body, relieving swelling on the face and limbs;
• reducing the risk of cancer;
• with its participation, neurotransmitters and joy hormones are produced, which has a positive effect on the central nervous system and vital functions in general;
• the possibility of stone formation in the gall bladder and renal pelvis is reduced;
• prevention of damage to the cardiovascular system: ischemia, atherosclerosis, heart attack;
• maintaining and increasing immunity;
• high-quality absorption of magnesium and cobalt in vitamin B12 by tissues, as well as the synthesis of hydrochloric acid.

Separately, it should be noted the importance of pyridoxine for the female body. This vitamin maintains the balance of sex hormones, reducing the risk of tumors. It must be taken by women using hormonal contraceptives, as they significantly reduce the level of the vitamin in the blood.

During pregnancy and before menstruation, when estrogen levels rise, it is also necessary to replenish pyridoxine. Of course, the beauty of hair and skin plays an important role for women, the healthy appearance of which directly depends on a sufficient supply of vitamin B6.

Vitamin B6 for a bodybuilder

Vitamin B6 and why the bodybuilder’s body needs it is no secret: the athlete’s primary task is the formation of muscle mass. Muscle tissue is built from protein. Since pyridoxine regulates the processes of protein synthesis, this particular vitamin must be consumed when doing bodybuilding.

Training requires a lot of effort, so enzymes and hormones that are formed in the body with the participation of vitamin B6 increase the body's endurance and stimulate metabolic processes.

Pyridoxine in cosmetology

Pyridoxine is an essential B vitamin that supports the health of the skin and its derivatives: hair and nails. To achieve a lasting effect, the external use of vitamin preparations is combined with the consumption of vitamin-rich foods.

With a lack of pyridoxine in the body, the following occurs:

If such symptoms appear, you should think about replenishing the lack of vitamin in the body.

In cosmetology, various masks are used for the skin and its derivatives with the addition of the drug pyridoxine and its analogues. Competent and regular use of vitamin B6 helps tidy up the scalp and face, the quality of hair and nails, normalize weight and correct the figure.

For example:

In the late 1970s, American nutritionists developed a “miracle” diet that captured the minds of those suffering from excess weight. The main secret of the magic diet was a much larger amount of vitamin B6 than the usual daily intake. Together with apple cider vinegar, flaxseed and soybean oil, it gave a remarkable effect of burning excess fat tissue.

Vitamin B6 toxicity and contraindications

Pyridoxine and its analogues are not toxic substances. Even long-term use of the vitamin as a therapeutic agent did not cause a negative reaction from the body. Research has been conducted on various methods of introducing high concentrations of pyridoxine into the body of animals and humans for a long time. In some cases, allergic reactions may occur .

People with stomach diseases (gastritis, ulcers) and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract should be careful when taking pyridoxine, since pyridoxine increases the percentage of acidity. The use of the vitamin is contraindicated in cases of severe liver damage and coronary artery disease.

Daily vitamin requirements for different groups of people

Absorption and excretion from the body

The bloodstream carries pyridoxine and its derivatives to the tissues from the small intestine, the villi of which absorb the breakdown products of incoming food. The vitamin does not accumulate in cells, so the body needs a constant supply of it from food.

All pyridoxine that enters the body is either used for the body’s needs or excreted in the urine through the kidneys. Partial excretion of pyridoxine is observed through the skin with the secretion of the sweat glands.

Vitamin B6 absorption and methods of preservation

The vitamin, like all water-soluble compounds, is well absorbed by the body, freely penetrating through cell membranes.

The easiest way to replenish the vitamin is to eat foods rich in this substance. Unfortunately, various methods of preparation (heat treatment, preservation) have a destructive effect on chemical compounds, and a significant amount of the vitamin is lost.

Preservation “eats” up to 50-70% of pyridoxine, freezing takes away about 40% from products, and exposure to temperature destroys vitamin B6 by 80-90%.

Therefore, it is healthier to eat more raw vegetables and fruits, add bran and cereal sprouts to your diet, eat nuts, and use yeast when baking. The thermal effect can be “softened” by steaming (instead of frying) or by wrapping the baked product in foil.

Vitamin B6 deficiency in the body

Vitamin B6 and why the body needs it is described above.

Therefore, it is obvious that a lack of pyridoxine has consequences that are more serious than an overdose:

Pyridoxine deficiency in children manifests itself in the form of general weakness, muscle pain and spasms, numbness of the limbs, and in girls – premenstrual syndrome.

Excess pyridoxine and overdose symptoms

Acceptable daily intake of vitamin B6 is 50-100 mg. With prolonged overdose (increasing the dose by 50-100 times), after a few years a state of hypervitaminosis develops, which can have unpleasant consequences.

They are as follows:

• convulsions;
• dizziness;
• nausea;
• skin rash;
• numbness of lips, arms and legs;
• anemia;
• fainting;
• lack of coordination;
• inhibition of the lactation process;
• accurate and detailed memory of dreams.

Such phenomena are extremely rare, since vitamin B6 does not tend to accumulate, and its excess is quickly removed from the body in the urine.

Symptoms of overdose disappear soon, for which you need to stop taking pyridoxine medications.

Indications for use

List of indications:

Sources of vitamin B6

Adermin (vitamin B6) is one of those synthesized by bacterial microflora in the human large intestine.

• Pyridoxine is absent in plant organs or contained in minimal quantities. Pitaya, the edible fruit of cacti, is rich in this form of adermina. It is found in dairy products and meat. It is quickly destroyed during heat treatment, so almost no of it remains in cooked meat. Vegetarians should eat vegetables whose skins have been in contact with the ground (carrots, beets, potatoes, turnips).
• Sources of pyridoxal include cabbage of any variety, meat and green parts of some edible plants.
• Pyridoxamine can be obtained from animal and poultry muscle fibers.

Rice, millet or buckwheat porridge for breakfast satisfies a person’s daily need for pyridoxine. It is better if porridges and salads are seasoned with vegetable oil, which is rich in vitamin B6. It is recommended to include fresh fruits and vegetables (lemon, strawberries, cherries, bananas, tomatoes, cabbage) and freshly prepared juices in your diet every day.

Vitamin B6 in ampoules

Pyridoxine in ampoules is sold in pharmacies under different names.

The drugs have identical composition and differ only in the name of the manufacturer:

In addition to being used for injections, vitamins in ampoules are used in cosmetology. Liquid pyridoxine is much more convenient to add to shampoos and creams than to crush tablets or dissolve powders. Taking this form of the vitamin orally does not bring the desired effect.

Vitamin B6 tablets

Most often, pyridoxine is prescribed in the form of tablets (capsules, dragees), which are convenient to take. They are quickly and easily absorbed by the body. Monovitamins are drugs that contain pure pyridoxine and are used to treat acute vitamin deficiency.

The following are on sale:

• Piridobene.
• Pyridoxine hydrochloride.
• Bartel Drugs Vitamin B6.
• Vitamin B6.
• Pyridoxine-N.S.

In addition, vitamin B6 is included in multivitamin complexes prescribed for prevention in the autumn-winter period, with reduced immunity.

They are:

All drugs are interchangeable; they are taken after meals in a dose determined by the doctor or indicated in the instructions.

Therapeutic and preventive prescriptions differ significantly in the number and timing of administration. You can only follow the instructions when using it for preventive purposes. In other cases, the course of treatment is determined by the doctor.

There are numerous mineral and vitamin preparations on sale, such as Complivit, Alphabet, Multi-Tabs, Centrum, Vitrum, which can be used independently to maintain immunity at different periods of life.

Vitamin B6 injections

Intramuscular or intravenous use of drugs containing pyridoxine is prescribed in cases where, for some reason, taking tablets is impossible or ineffective.

The cases are as follows:

1. Therapy requires a significant dose of the vitamin, which cannot be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract when taking tablets and must enter the bloodstream. For example, for diabetes, some poisonings, disorders of hematopoietic function, diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
2. The person is unable to take pills. The reason for this may be mental disorders, fainting, vomiting, or connection to an artificial respiration apparatus.
3. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, in which normal absorption of the drug does not occur. Such phenomena may be a consequence of operations, peptic ulcers, or defects in the epithelium of the small intestine.

You can note the pain of injections with pyridoxine. To reduce pain, injection medications include lidocaine.

Interaction with other substances

It is necessary to achieve better absorption of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) by the body in order to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect, for which you need to remember the interaction of drugs and their mutual influence on each other.

For example:

1. Vitamin B6 is better absorbed together with vitamins B2 and B5.
2. B1 and B12 neutralize the effects of B6.
3. Medicines against Parkinson's disease are antagonists to pyridoxine.
4. Penicillamine and cycloserine reduce its effectiveness.
5. Pyridoxine increases the effectiveness of diuretics.
6. In combination with magnesium, it provides maintenance therapy for diabetes.
7. Taking before drinking alcohol reduces the degree of intoxication.

Article format: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about vitamin B6

Benefits, features and signs of deficiency:

Vitamin B6 is a combination of several substances that have similar biological activity.

Vitamin B6 is extremely necessary for the body, since it is responsible for the absorption of unsaturated fatty acids and the metabolism of proteins and fats. In addition, this vitamin takes part in many chemical reactions in the body. The more fats and proteins a person eats, the more of this compound he needs. If there is a deficiency of vitamin B6 in the body, some of the enzymes may be blocked, and without them chemical processes cannot take place. Vitamin B6 also improves the functioning of the nervous system, liver, and takes part in hematopoiesis. Like all other vitamins in this group, vitamin B6 plays a role in metabolism, participates in the synthesis of glutamic acid, histamine, , . It reduces the level, improves the contractility of the heart muscles, together with vitamin B5 it converts folic acid into active form.

Another function of vitamin B6 is the formation antibodies, as well as the synthesis of neurotransmitters, which are necessary for the healthy functioning of the nervous system, takes part in the development of red blood cells, the processes of glucose uptake by nerve cells. In addition, vitamin B6 inhibits the aging process due to the synthesis of nucleic acids, acts as a natural diuretic, reduces numbness of the limbs, cramps and muscle spasms, and helps prevent skin disorders.

The discovery of vitamin B6 was spontaneous, as a by-product.

Vitamin B6 is water-soluble, it does not accumulate in the body and is quickly excreted within eight hours. Therefore, replenishment of this compound is constantly necessary for the body, which should occur with the help of a balanced diet.

The daily requirement of vitamin B6 is different for each age, for infants 0.3-0.7 mg is needed, for older children - from 1 to 1.7 mg, adults need 1.6-2.2 mg, and for pregnant women and Nursing mothers will need from 1.8 to 2.6 mg of this vitamin.

Taking certain medications such as Cuprimin And Penicillamine, anti-tuberculosis and anticonvulsant medications can lead to a severe lack of this vitamin in the body. It is not recommended to take vitamin B6c and B12 at the same time due to the weakening of their overall effect. Also, this vitamin can lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of medications for treatment.

Increasing the dose of vitamin taken is useful when taking oral contraceptives, antidepressants, smokers, people who drink large amounts of alcohol, and during increased physical activity.

Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency in the body:

• convulsions;
• decreased appetite;
• irritability;
• nausea and vomiting;
• increased level of anxiety;
• lethargy;
• growth retardation in childhood;
• convulsive attacks;
• flatulence;
• encephalogram abnormalities;
• the appearance of kidney stones;
• glossitis;
• polyneuritis of the lower and upper extremities;
• the appearance of kidney stones;
• conjunctivitis;
• stomatitis;
• peripheral neuritis.

Vitamin B6 is well absorbed in various forms. Daily intake of this substance in doses that exceed the recommended 50 times for several years did not lead to any side effects.

Among the plant sources of vitamin B6 are soybeans, potatoes, field mustard, corn, citrus fruits, tomatoes, white and cauliflower, strawberries, nuts, bananas, avocados, carrots, legumes, rice, cereals, spinach, yeast, spinach, and cereal grains.

Sources of the vitamin of animal origin are eggs, heart, kidneys, cattle and cod liver, dairy products and milk, oysters, fish, and meat.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is one of the representatives of water-soluble B vitamins. It is also called a universal stimulator of metabolism (metabolism). All the most important biochemical reactions in our body take place with its participation. And the lack of this vitamin negatively affects the condition of all organ systems.

The concept of vitamins was developed in the first half of the last century. It was then that it was established that the basis of many diseases is a deficiency of certain substances, vitamin deficiency. Among these diseases is pellagra, which was previously mistakenly considered an infectious disease.

Pellagra manifested itself as severe psychoneurological disorders, pathological changes in the skin and in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and often led to death. As soon as the connection between pellagra and vitamin deficiency was determined, the search for the corresponding vitamin began immediately.

In experiments on rats, it was found that the recently discovered vit. B 1 (Thiamin) and vit. B 2 (Riboflavin) does not eliminate pellagra. However, feeding experimental animals yeast led to regression of pellagra symptoms and improved health.

Scientists have rightly assumed that yeast contains a certain substance that has an antipellargic effect. This substance was called rat factor. In 1934-1939, this substance was isolated in its natural form from yeast and rice bran, its structural formula was established, and then it was obtained synthetically. The new vitamin was named Pyridoxine.

It is noteworthy that pyridoxine is not effective in the treatment of pellagra. Another vitamin helps with this disease, vit. PP or Nicotinic acid, which is also found in yeast. However, pyridoxine is involved in many other metabolic and physiological processes, which was soon established. A little later, in 1944, two more varieties of Vit. In 6, Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine, and their structural formulas were determined.

Properties

Pyridoxine (Pyridoxole) is a colorless crystalline powder. The crystals do not emit a smell, but have a bitter-sour taste. Pyridoxine is highly soluble in water and alcohol, but insoluble in fatty substances and ether. Resistant to heat and atmospheric oxygen. However, it is destroyed in the light.

Chemical formula of Pyridoxine: C 8 H 11 NO 3. Name: 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridine dimethanol (and as hydrochloride). Along with Pyridoxine (Pyridoxole) Vit. B 6 includes Pyridoxamine and Pyridoxal. These substances with similar chemical structure, physical properties and effects on the human body are called vitamers. They are formed from pyridoxine, and also have the properties of vitamins.

Pyridoxal is an aldehyde analogue of Pyridoxine. The transformation of Pyridoxine into Pyridoxal occurs when it interacts with ammonia, potassium permanganate and other oxidizing agents. The interaction of Pyridoxal with glutamic acid and a number of amino acids leads to the formation of Pyridoxamine, an amine derivative of Pyridoxine.

Pyridoxamine and pyridoxal can be mutually converted into each other during chemical transamination reactions catalyzed by specific enzymes. The natural combination of Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine is called Pseudopyridoxine. This substance is isolated from animal urine, and it has all the properties of vit. AT 6 . True, it is not the vitamers themselves that have vitamin activity, but their phosphorus derivatives.

Phosphates are formed from Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine during enzymatic reactions - Pyridoxal-5-phosphate and Pyridoxamine-5-phosphate. These compounds are nothing more than active forms of vit. In 6, which form its properties. The biological activity of Pyridoxal Phosphate in comparison with Pyridoxamine Phosphate is much higher. But, despite the fact that Vit. 6 is represented by several vitamers and their phosphates, and the name Pyridoxine is assigned to it. Some sources call this vitamin Adermin or factor Y. But these names are rare.

Along with natural vitamers, scientists have obtained numerous synthetic analogues of Pyridoxine. These are 4-methoxypyridoxine, toxopyrimidine, isonicotinyl hydrazide, and many others. Most of the synthetic analogs have the properties of antivitamins B6. According to the principle of competitive inhibition, they displace pyridoxine and its derivatives from biochemical reactions, and thereby cause vitamin B6 deficiency. If Pyridoxine is then administered, the signs of vitamin deficiency disappear.

Physiological role

Pyridoxal-5 phosphate is a coenzyme, a non-protein component of enzymes. As a coenzyme, it is part of enzyme systems that provide the synthesis of a number of amino acids - cysteine, glutamine, tryptophan, histidine, and some others. Some of the amino acids are not only synthesized, but also converted into each other with the participation of vit. AT 6 .

This vitamin transports amino acids across cell membranes and is involved in the synthesis of many protein compounds. In addition, coenzymes derived from pyridoxine regulate fat and lipid metabolism and participate in the synthesis of many biologically active substances, incl. serotonin, adrenaline, norepinephrine, histamine, sex hormones, PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids).

On the part of organs and systems, the action of vit. In 6 it appears as follows:

• The cardiovascular system
  Due to the synthesis of PUFAs and the reduction of low-density cholesterol levels, it has an anti-atherosclerotic effect. Prevents the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and thereby reduces the risk of myocardial infarction. Increases the force of myocardial contraction and prevents congestive heart failure. Regulates blood pressure.

• Endocrine system
  Under the influence of Vit. At 6, the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas increases. This ensures the utilization of glucose and prevents the development of diabetes.

• Nervous system
  The antiatherosclerotic effect in cerebral vessels prevents the development of cerebral strokes. In addition, Pyridoxine regulates inhibition and excitation in the central nervous system (CNS). Vit. B6 facilitates the utilization of glucose in brain tissue and participates in the synthesis of neurotransmitter substances (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine). As a result, a positive emotional mood is formed, sleep is normalized, thinking and memory are improved, and mental performance is increased.

• Gastrointestinal tract and liver
  Stimulates the formation of hydrochloric acid and its release in gastric juice. It also stimulates the formation of bile by the liver and its subsequent secretion. Prevents stagnation of bile with stone formation in the biliary tract. Promotes the regeneration of liver cells, enhances the neutralization of toxins in the liver. Stimulates glycogen synthesis and its deposition in the liver.

• urinary system
  Has a diuretic (diuretic) effect. Regulates the excretion of mineral compounds in urine. Prevents stone formation in the renal pelvis.

• Musculoskeletal system
  Promotes the accumulation of creatinine in skeletal muscles, a high-energy compound that provides the strength of muscle contractions.

• Blood
  Ensures the absorption of iron in the intestines and its transport to organs and tissues, incl. and into the bone marrow. Thus, it stimulates the synthesis of hemoglobin and red blood cells. As a result, the amount of oxygen delivered by the blood to the tissues increases.

• Immunity
  Along with red blood cells, it stimulates the synthesis of leukocytes and antibodies. Thanks to this, it activates the links of nonspecific cellular and specific humoral immunity, increases the body's resistance to infections.

• Oncology
  Strengthening the immune system and improving metabolism under the influence of Pyridoxine leads to a reduction in the risk of developing malignant tumors.

• Skin with appendages, mucous membranes
  Participating in metabolic processes, vit. B 6 increases the barrier function of the skin and mucous membranes, forms their strength and elasticity, and ensures regeneration in case of damage and diseases. Stimulates hair and nail growth.

Daily requirement

Causes and signs of deficiency

The main causes of hypovitaminosis B 6:

• Poor nutrition
  It is quite logical that with a low content of vit. At 6, vitamin deficiency will develop in the food taken. Protein consumption is accompanied by increased consumption of vit. AT 6 . Therefore, eating protein foods also contributes to vitamin B6 deficiency to a certain extent. In young children who switched to artificial feeding early, the risk of vitamin B6 deficiency also increases.

• Gastrointestinal diseases
  In inflammatory diseases of the stomach and intestines, the absorption of dietary vit. At 6 it will be broken. In addition, intestinal diseases occur with dysbacteriosis. But intestinal bacteria also synthesize this vitamin. A decrease in the enzyme-forming function of the liver and pancreas due to some genetic abnormalities and acquired diseases (hepatitis, pancreatitis) also leads to pyridoxine deficiency.
  In addition, there are a number of physiological and pathological factors that are accompanied by increased consumption of pyridoxine:

• mental and physical stress
• period of rapid growth and puberty
• infectious diseases with fever
• other serious diseases: malignant neoplasms, tuberculosis, HIV
• thyroid pathology
• allergic reactions
• alcohol abuse and smoking
• taking contraceptives, antidepressants and antibiotics.

All these factors, combined with poor nutrition and gastrointestinal diseases, will most likely lead to hypovitaminosis B6.

At the same time, negative changes will affect all the most important organ systems:

• Nervous system
  General weakness, emotional instability, sleep disorders, deterioration of thinking abilities, memory. With severe deficiency, convulsive twitching in the muscles is observed. Convulsions due to vitamin B 6 deficiency mainly occur in infants. In adults, due to damage to peripheral nerves, numbness, decreased sensitivity and suppression of tendon reflexes are noted.

• The cardiovascular system
  Atherosclerosis, dystrophic changes in the myocardium with congestive heart failure, increased blood pressure.

• Gastrointestinal tract
  Deterioration or lack of appetite, gastroduodenitis, enterocolitis, intestinal dysbiosis, cholelithiasis. In this case, patients complain of bloating and diarrhea.

• urinary system
  Urolithiasis, deterioration of the filtration capacity of the kidneys.

• Skin and mucous membranes
  Decreased skin firmness and elasticity, dryness and flaking of the skin, especially on the face. Seborrheic dermatitis develops due to dysfunction of the sebaceous glands. Damage to the oral cavity takes on the character of glossitis, stomatitis and cheilosis with cracks on the lips and characteristic “jams” in the corners of the mouth. Hair and nail growth slows down. Hair becomes brittle and falls out quickly.

• Blood
  Hypochromic anemia (anemia with low hemoglobin). In severe forms of vitamin deficiency, a transition to the megaloblastic type of hematopoiesis is possible, when the precursors of erythrocytes, megaloblasts, appear in the peripheral blood.

• Endocrine system
  Diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction.

• The immune system
  Decreased immunity due to leukopenia (decreased number of white blood cells), susceptibility to infectious diseases.

Musculoskeletal system

Low exercise tolerance, muscle weakness accompanied by a feeling of numbness. Degenerative changes such as arthrosis develop in the joints.

Along with these symptoms, with a deficiency of vit. In 6, there is often an increase in body weight, which is caused by two factors. The first is obesity due to lipid metabolism disorders. The second is a decrease in diuresis (the volume of urine excreted) and the accumulation of fluid in the soft tissues in the form of edema.

In pregnant women, vitamin B6 deficiency is one of the causes of early and late toxicosis with nausea, vomiting, dermatitis, convulsions, and tooth loss. In children, this condition manifests itself as delayed physical and mental development.

Sources of income

A certain part of vit. B 6 is synthesized by physiological (lactic acid bacteria, bifidumbacteria) and opportunistic (Escherichia coli) intestinal microflora. But the amount of endogenous or “internal” Pyridoxine is small, much less than the existing need.

To satisfy this need, we must receive vit. At 6 with food. This vitamin is found in many foods of plant and animal origin:

The table shows that quite a lot of pyridoxine is found in the meat of mammals and fish, as well as in nuts, grains, legumes, berries and fruits.

Synthetic analogues

The most popular is synthetic vit. B 6 in the form of pyridoxine hydrochloride. Forms of release of the drug:

• tablets for children 2 mg
• tablets for adults 10 mg
• 1 ml ampoules of 1%, 2.5% and 5% solution.

The most convenient form, of course, is oral tablets. However, in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the absorption of vit. At 6, there may be difficulty in the intestines. In these cases, a solution that can be administered intramuscularly or intravenously is preferred.

Along with pyridoxine hydrochloride, synthetic vit. B 6 is part of many vitamin and mineral complexes (Multi-Tabs, Vitrum, Complivit, Hexavit, etc.), as well as cosmetic products for skin and hair care.

Indications for use

• Neurology
  Parkinsonism after encephalitis, peripheral neuritis, chorea, convulsive syndrome in newborns, condition after cerebral stroke and traumatic brain injury, vestibular disorders due to motion sickness and seasickness.

• Gastroenterology
  Atrophic gastritis with low acidity, gastroduodenitis, enteritis and other conditions accompanied by malabsorption (deterioration of the absorption capacity of the intestinal mucosa), hepatitis, cholecystitis, cirrhosis of the liver.

• Dermatology
  Dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, urticaria, exudative-catarrhal diathesis, lichen simplex and herpes zoster.

• Hematology
  Hypochromic and microcytic anemia, leukopenia.

• Immunology
  Acute phase of infectious diseases, recovery period after infections.

• Radiology
  Radiation sickness.

• Pregnancy
  Mild and moderate toxicosis in the first half of pregnancy

• Toxicology
  Alcoholism, severe poisoning with anti-tuberculosis drugs (Ftivazid, Isoniaid), symptomatic treatment of other poisonings accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Pyridoxine hydrochloride is contraindicated in liver failure, individual intolerance and any hyperacid conditions (with increased acidity of gastric juice). It is used with great caution for coronary heart disease.

Metabolism

In food products we get vit. B 6 in the form of Pyridoxine (Pyridoxole), Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine. These compounds in food are in a bound state, mainly in combination with a phosphoric acid residue. When entering the body, this connection is lost, and vitamers vitamers. In 6 they are dephosphorylated.

They are then freely absorbed in the small intestine. Normally, the absorption process occurs quite easily, through simple diffusion. Thus, Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine can enter the body from the outside or be transformed from Pyridoxine during certain non-enzymatic reactions.

After the vitamers Vit. When 6 enter the tissue, they are again phosphorylated with the participation of phosphokinase enzymes to form the active compounds Pyridoxal-5-phosphate and Pyridoxamine-5-phosphate. It should be noted that the accumulation of vit. At 6 it goes unevenly. It is found in the greatest quantities in the myocardium and liver, as well as in the kidneys. End products of vit metabolism. B 6: 4-pyridoxylic and 5-phosphopyridoxylic acids. The vitamin is excreted by the kidneys in the form of these compounds.

Interaction with other tools

Corticosteroids (Dexamethasone, Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, etc.) enhance the removal of Pyridoxine from the body

Synthetic estrogens (including oral contraceptives), anticonvulsants and antituberculosis drugs, immunosuppressants destroy vit. AT 6 .

Penicillamine, Cuprenil and other complexing antidotes bind vit. At 6 and inactivate it.

Vit. B 6 reduces the activity of a number of antiparkinsonian drugs.

You cannot combine Vit. At 6 with Eufillin, Phenytoin, sleeping pills and sedatives, as this leads to a weakening of their effect.

On the contrary, pyridoxine enhances the diuretic effect of diuretics.

Alcohol makes it difficult to absorb vit. At 6 in the intestines.

Vit. B 6 facilitates the absorption of iron and magnesium. Magnesium, in turn, has a positive effect on the absorption of vit. AT 6 . Also vit. B 6 reduces the loss of zinc, is well compatible with copper and calcium.

Vit. B 2 (Riboflavin) activates vit. AT 6 . In turn, Pyridoxine increases the activity of vit. B 9 (Folic acid).

But the activation of vit. In 1 (Thiamin), on the contrary, it slows down. A vit. B 12 (cyanocobalamin) destroys vit. AT 6 . However, these three vitamins, vit. B1, B6, and B12 are present in balanced quantities in many vitamin and mineral preparations. In combination with other vitamins and minerals, their activity does not decrease. But you should not combine tablets or injections of these vitamins on your own.

Like many water-soluble vitamins, pyridoxine does not accumulate in tissues. Therefore, Hypervitaminosis B 6 is a rare phenomenon. It develops only when synthetic analogues are supplied in large doses, from 200 to 5000 mg and above. In these cases, skin itching and rash, sensitivity disorders in the extremities, general weakness, dizziness and convulsions are noted.

Dear visitors of the Farmamir website. This article does not constitute medical advice and should not serve as a substitute for consultation with a physician.