What is glycemia? Glycemia Glycemia level

An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is necessary for patients with a fasting plasma glucose level of 6.1 to 7 mmol/l, as well as for persons with identified risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus (diabetes mellitus in close relatives, birth of a large fetus, impaired history of glucose tolerance, obesity, hypertension).

To carry out the test, the patient must receive a diet containing at least 125 g of carbohydrates for 3 days (all hospital food tables meet this requirement). The test is carried out in the morning after 10-14 hours of fasting. The initial blood sample is taken on an empty stomach, then the patient takes 75 g of glucose dissolved in 200 ml of water (children - at a dose of 1.75 g/kg, but not more than 75 g). A blood sample is collected again after 120 minutes.

When conducting OGTT, the following indicators are important.

• With normal tolerance, the concentration of glucose in the blood plasma 2 hours after exercise is less than 7.8 mmol/l (<140 мг%).
• Increase in plasma glucose concentration 2 hours after exercise ≥7.8 mmol/l (≥140 mg%), but below 11.1 mmol/l (<200 мг%) свидетельствует о нарушенной толерантности к глюкозе.
• The concentration of glucose in the blood plasma 2 hours after the load is more than 11.1 mmol/l (>200 mg%) indicates a preliminary diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, which must be confirmed according to the criteria.

Types of blood glucose concentration curves during OGTT. Changes in glucose concentration in hyperinsulinism (1), in healthy individuals (2), in thyrotoxicosis (3), mild (4) and severe (5) forms of diabetes mellitus

Algorithm for diagnosing diabetes mellitus (venous blood)

To evaluate the results of OGTT, two indicators are calculated: hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic coefficients.

• Hyperglycemic coefficient is the ratio of glucose concentration 30 or 60 minutes after exercise (take the largest value) to its concentration on an empty stomach. Normally, this coefficient should not be higher than 1.7.
• Hypoglycemic coefficient is the ratio of glucose concentration 2 hours after exercise to its concentration on an empty stomach. Normally, this coefficient should be less than 1.3.

If, in accordance with the above WHO criteria, the patient does not have impaired glucose tolerance, but the value of one or both coefficients exceeds normal values, the glucose load curve is interpreted as “doubtful”. Such a patient is advised to refrain from consuming carbohydrates and repeat the test after 1 year.

Causes of impaired glucose tolerance

Increased tolerance (fasting hypoglycemia, flattened peak glucose increase)

Reduced tolerance

Low rate of absorption from the intestines:

• hypocorticism;
• hypopituitarism with secondary adrenal hypofunction;
• intestinal diseases, including steatorrhea, sprue, tuberculous enteritis, Will's disease;
• hypothyroidism

• excess intake of glucose from food;
• hyperthyroidism
• conditions after gastrectomy, gastroenterostomy and vagotomy;
• Duodenal ulcer

Impaired fasting glucose

Glucose is a unique source of energy for cells and tissues; it enters the body from food and is consumed in three ways: it goes directly to energy and plastic needs, and is converted into fat and glycagen (a polymer of glucose in the liver). Muscles, adipose tissue, heart and liver use glucose only when there is a sufficient level of insulin; when there is a lack of glucose, they either use their glucose stores or switch to fatty acid oxidation (insulin-dependent tissues). Strategically important organs: the brain, kidneys, nervous structures, gonads (ovaries and testes) and red blood cells use glucose regardless of the presence or absence of insulin.

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In case of fasting, two processes are triggered: in the liver, glycogen is converted into glucose; in adipose tissue, triacylglycerides are hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids, which are used by organs. Diabetes mellitus is similar in its development mechanism to permanent fasting.

Changes in metabolism in diabetes mellitus

Insulin is released into the bloodstream in a constant mode - basal secretion, and immediately when food enters the body - bolus secretion (postprandial). If there is, in principle, little insulin (type 1 diabetes), then insulin-independent tissues are in conditions of glucose deficiency in the intervals between meals, and insulin-dependent tissues completely switch to the utilization of fatty acids, at the same time the level of counter-insular hormones sharply increases, which strive to ensure normal glucose levels for the brain and other vital organs. The concentration of glucose in the blood rises, the person loses weight and is forced to eat frequently due to the risk of hypoglycemic coma.

In type 2 diabetes, there is a lot of insulin, but insulin-dependent tissues react poorly to it, so blood glucose increases; insulin-independent tissues usually do not need glucose, because Type 2 diabetes develops against a background of obesity and overnutrition, but insulin-dependent people use fatty acids in large quantities, fats are burned quite quickly, the result is weight loss and ketoacidotic comas during fasting.

A sharp release of insulin after eating a large amount of sweet food causes hypoglycemia and impaired mental activity plus drowsiness. Physical activity neutralizes this effect, which is why it is customary for the Caucasian peoples to dance and show tricks with weapons after eating.

Insulin-independent tissues (nerves, brain, blood vessels and red blood cells) absorb glucose, which is abundant in the plasma in diabetes mellitus, which causes their damage: macro- and microangiopathy, polyneuropathy, glycosylation of hemoglobin with loss of its properties.

Why does fasting glucose occur?

Normally, at night, when there are no meals, small amounts of glycagen from the liver are converted to glucose and back under the influence of insulin and counter-insular hormones. The level of the latter increases sharply by 4-5 o’clock in the morning, and if insulin is released in insufficient quantities or the tissues do not respond to it, then a blood test will show excess glucose (more than 5.6 mmol/l). The analysis may be erroneous during night meals, prolonged fasting and a short period of sleep (during fasting, blood glucose returns to normal within 10 hours), stress, taking glucocorticoids and some other medications, and thyrotoxicosis.

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An increase in blood sugar levels when the stomach is empty is called “fasting hyperglycemia.” And the decrease is called “fasting hypoglycemia.”

Glucose is very important for the normal functioning of the entire body, including the brain.

Therefore, if its normal level is disrupted, a failure occurs in the body’s metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism, and many systems begin to function incorrectly.

A healthy person's glucose level should be between 3.3 mmol/L and 5.5 mmol/L on an empty stomach. When eating food, this level usually rises for a while and then drops to normal. If the sugar level does not fall, we can talk about hyperglycemia.

Hyperglycemia is an increase in sugar levels due to metabolic disorders or improper functioning of body cells.

At the same time, the brain does not receive enough glucose, so various disorders occur. This condition can also occur due to unexpected stress when the body releases large amounts of cortisol (the stress hormone) into the blood.

Fasting hypoglycemia is a condition where blood sugar levels drop due to lack of food, particularly carbohydrate foods.

How does hyperglycemia manifest? By what symptoms can it be recognized? One or more signs may appear. An important sign is hyperglycemia and glucosoria. This is sugar in the urine.

More symptoms:

• nausea;
• weakness;
• vomit;
• headache;
• frequent urination;
• constant thirst;
• weight loss;
• dry mouth, especially in the morning;
• drowsiness.

As for hypoglycemia, the signs are as follows:

• strong feeling of hunger;
• anxiety;
• increased blood pressure;
• tachycardia;
• trembling of limbs;
• anxiety;
• sweating;
• pallor of the integument;
• visual acuity becomes dull;
• dizziness;
• epileptic seizures;
• convulsions;
• confusion.

In severe cases, the person falls into a coma.

Causes of these conditions

• deficiency of certain hormones;
• poor nutrition;
• lack of carbohydrate foods;
• skipping meals;
• liver problems;
• drinking alcohol on an empty stomach;
• severe stress.

In addition, there may be problems with blood sugar levels due to improper use of certain medically prescribed medications.

Hypoglycemia may also occur after eating. This happens if carbohydrates move very quickly from the stomach into the small intestine. Glucose is rapidly absorbed and an early rise in insulin secretion occurs.

Fasting hyperglycemia can also develop in a healthy person. This disorder can occur when you don't eat for ten hours.

Therefore, it is important to eat food regularly and adhere to a diet. Otherwise, serious complications may arise, and you will have to contact a specialist.

As for hyperglycemia, the reasons for its occurrence are:

Prolonged stress.

Incorrect diet - a large amount of carbohydrate foods, especially simple carbohydrates, improper medication use.

The main reason is a deficiency of insulin, which reduces glucose in the blood. This provokes.

With this disease, patients develop persistent hyperglycemia and fasting hyperglycemia occurs. That is, when fasting for more than 10 hours, the percentage of carbohydrates in the blood increases significantly.

In severe fasting hyperglycemia, blood sugar exceeds 7 mmol/l. Therefore, with this disease, you need not only to constantly check your blood glucose levels, but also not to skip meals or go hungry.

Treatment of hypo- and hyperglycemia

How are these conditions treated? The main thing is to normalize metabolic processes. This will require not only the use of certain medications, but also lifestyle changes. From correcting nutrition to increasing or reducing physical activity.

Drug treatment is prescribed depending on the severity of the disease and its form only after a complete diagnosis. Patients must strictly follow the doctor's instructions.

In case of hyperglycemia it is necessary. To do this, you should drink a large amount of water and normalize your diet.

In addition, specialists may resort to dehydration and detoxification therapy. And sometimes you can’t do without administering insulin.

Regarding hypoglycemia, glucose levels should be raised quickly. Sweet foods or insulin injections if necessary will help.

Prevention of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia lies in the correct lifestyle. Moderate physical activity, proper nutrition, and giving up bad habits - smoking and alcohol - are necessary.

Diet for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

Nutrition is very important for the normal functioning of the body. In particular, to avoid disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism and the occurrence of conditions such as hyper- and hypoglycemia.

This is especially true for carbohydrate foods. A table that shows the amount of carbohydrates in a certain product will help you figure it out.

Nutrition for hyperglycemia is characterized by strict restriction of carbohydrates. You need to eat small portions, but often - 6 times a day. You should choose lean meat and fish and cook them correctly.

That is, stew, boil and bake, but you can’t fry. You can consume such products 4 times a week. Vegetables must be included in the diet; they must also be properly cooked or eaten raw.

Potatoes should be avoided, as they contain a lot of starch.

Principles of nutrition

Hypercholesterolemia is a prerequisite for the formation of hyperglycemia. It occurs due to blockage of blood vessels. To avoid this condition, you need to consume only healthy fats.

You can also eat various cereals. But rice porridge is allowed to be consumed once a week (the volume is small). Spaghetti and pasta can be eaten extremely rarely or it is better to avoid them altogether.

The same goes for white bread. These foods are high in carbohydrates, so they can be harmful to health (for example, cause obesity). Fruits are allowed, except bananas and grapes, as they are too sweet.

A diet for hyperglycemia prohibits eating familiar sweets. If you really want to, you should choose sweets in which sucrose is replaced with safe carbohydrates.

Since there are sweeteners, you can easily choose healthy cookies, waffles or something else sweet. If you have a strong craving for sweets, if there are no safe foods at the moment, you can eat a spoonful of honey. But this is allowed to be done extremely rarely.

Nutrition for hypoglycemia involves excluding fast carbohydrates from the diet. This should be done at the beginning of the diet. That is, you need to give up baked goods, sweets, and pasta.

These products contain simple carbohydrates, which are quickly broken down into glucose, and when it enters the bloodstream, it contributes to a sharp release of insulin. The sugar level then also decreases quickly, and therefore the feeling of hunger occurs.

The hypoglycemia diet allows you to consume the following foods:

• milk;
• cottage cheese;
• kefir;
• yoghurts;
• cheeses;
• various vegetables;
• greenery;
• mushrooms;
• meat and fish.

The nuance of a hypoglycemic diet: food should be steamed or boiled. After a week of such a diet, it is allowed to introduce one fruit per day, avoiding too sweet ones.
And from vegetables you can add:

• eggplant;
• carrots;
• fennel;
• green pea;
• beets.

After another week, you can introduce porridge and whole grain bread, but all this in moderation. And it is advisable to adhere to such a menu constantly.

That is, nutrition should be complete and balanced, but fast carbohydrates should be avoided, giving preference to complex carbohydrates, which are found in cereals, some vegetables and whole grain bread.

If you need to remove it urgently, you will need to eat or drink a sweet product or drink. These are foods with fast carbohydrates.
Here are some effective options:

• several glucose tablets;
• a couple of slices of chocolate;
• a spoonful of honey - maximum volume - three spoons;
• a couple of spoons of jam or jam;
• a glass of milk (it should be 1%);
• half a glass of sweet fruit juice;
• a spoonful of sugar;
• marmalade

If after twenty minutes your sugar level drops again, you need to eat something sweet again. But you should not overdo it, as if the glucose level is too high, your health may worsen again.

As soon as you leave, you need to stop. It is better to choose products in liquid form or drink a cup of tea after eating them. This will help the carbohydrates raise your blood sugar faster.

Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are serious disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. They pose a serious health hazard.

Proper nutrition will help maintain normal blood sugar levels, avoid unpleasant and dangerous symptoms, and also eliminate complications. After all, hypo- and hyperglycemia can cause a lot of complications from obesity to problems with the kidneys, liver and heart.

A normal glycemic level is important for the smooth functioning of all systems and organs. Impaired fasting blood glucose indicates a metabolic failure. Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by a pathological level of glycemia. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia is often diagnosed, and in type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia often occurs, although the opposite may be true. Increases and decreases in sugar levels provoke a number of complications and can cause disability and death.

What is glycemia?

The first mention of the term “glycemia” was in the 19th century. Literally it can be understood as “sweet blood.” Essentially, the term refers to the level of glucose in the body. Normal sugar level is 3-3.5 mmol/l. Normal glycemia is characterized by the absence of any unpleasant symptoms, the person feels well and easily copes with stress.

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A deviation from the normal value in any direction indicates a metabolic disorder and causes hyper- or hypoglycemia. Glycemia is coordinated by hormones such as adrenaline and insulin. Blood sugar increases after eating, so fasting glycemia is considered to objectively assess the state of the body. Therefore, a blood sugar test should be taken on an empty stomach. If glycemia is elevated, they speak of a prediabetic state or diabetes mellitus, depending on a number of factors.

Main symptoms

The main signs of glycemia are:

• excessive sweating;
• impaired coordination of movements;
• pale skin;
• muscle weakness;
• shiver;
• irregular heartbeat;
• tingling in fingertips;
• suspiciously strong hunger and thirst.

Causes of pathology

The reasons why fasting glucose is disturbed come down to the following list:

Types of glycemia in diabetes mellitus

Hypoglycemia

Blood sugar levels are not maintained in healthy people after intense physical activity. In diabetes mellitus, pathological changes are associated with the level of insulin in the blood or the sensitivity of tissues to this hormone. When the concentration of glucose in the body decreases, hypoglycemia occurs. The main cause of the pathology is a high level of insulin in the body with insufficient amounts of sugar. A severe attack of hypoglycemia leads to loss of consciousness and.

Hyperglycemia

Violation of fasting glucose in the direction of increasing the indicator leads to hyperglycemia. Pathology develops with a lack of insulin. Sugar is not processed, but is constantly in the blood vessels, which negatively affects their condition. Pathology is observed in diabetics who do not adhere to dietary rules and do not take into account the glycemic index of food. As a result, a number of severe complications develop that can lead to disability.

To distinguish one species from another, a number of symptoms should be examined. The table clearly demonstrates the signs of both types of glycemia:

Features of a child

Therapy for glycemia in children depends on the child’s lifestyle and how adults treat his health.

Manifestations of this disease in a child are possible if one of the parents has diabetes.

Glycemic manifestations in children are varied. Even if one of the parents suffers from diabetes, there is a high probability that the child will also develop a similar pathology. In newborn babies, sugar levels can decrease to levels that are considered critically dangerous for adults. But the baby tolerates this normally due to the fact that he needs very little energy for his brain to function. However, this cannot be ignored, because the pathology will lead to deviations in the development of the child.

Symptoms of glycemia in children are the same as in adults. Parents should consult a doctor and find out all the features of the disease and how to provide assistance. It is necessary to consult school teachers and agree with them on the child’s ability to eat even during class if he feels ill. The main thing is that he always has sweets or some kind of food with him, and he knows what to do if he feels unwell.

First aid

First aid is based on preventing the development of coma. To do this, you need to eliminate the cause of the increase or decrease in sugar and restore the average glucose level. To do this you need:

• For hypoglycemia, give the patient something sweet to eat and drink sweet tea. If the patient has lost consciousness, a glucose solution is injected into his vein.
• For hyperglycemia, inject insulin. People with similar health problems know how to carry out such manipulations on their own, but if the patient is in serious condition, he will need help.

Treatment of pathology

Monitoring is carried out using a glucometer.

For people suffering from diabetes, self-monitoring of glycemia is important, which is carried out using a glucometer. This allows you to timely identify pathology and correct glucose levels. An increase or decrease in sugar in pregnant women negatively affects the condition of the child and its intrauterine development. Therefore, glucose should always be under control. You cannot treat glycemia on your own; constant consultation with a doctor is necessary.

Medications

Drug treatment is prescribed individually depending on the type of pathology and the characteristics of the patient’s body. For patients with type 1 diabetes, I prescribe insulin injections. For type 2 diabetes, the following drugs are prescribed:

• "Butamide";
• "Tolinase";
• "Glipizide".

Glycemia: what is it. The term literally translates as “sweet blood.” In medicine, this is an indicator of the sugar or glucose level in the blood. Normally, this concentration should be from 3.5 to 5.5 mmol/l - this is a normal level, sometimes it can increase or decrease, such conditions cause severe dizziness and nausea in a person, sometimes even loss of consciousness is possible. With normal indicators, the entire human body, especially the brain, works in a natural mode and copes well with various loads.

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Essence of the disease

Sugar in the blood contributes to the proper functioning of many physiological processes, since glucose is involved in the metabolism of energy for cells - neurons and red blood cells, which, in turn, form the basis for the performance of all systems of the human body. If a person's blood sugar level is very low, this condition is called hypoglycemia, and if it is elevated, it is called hyperglycemia. All these conditions are quite dangerous for human health and life.

The danger of glycemic disorders lies in the fact that the brain, and other organs of the human body, constantly require a sufficient amount of sugar; any deviation from the norm harms the body and requires immediate treatment. Glycemia is influenced by various physiological processes of the body: blood sugar levels rise after eating, when the body begins to absorb carbohydrates from foods, breaking them down from starch. Physical activity, severe stress and elevated temperature lower glycemia. Glycemic balance in the human body is maintained by hormones such as insulin and adrenaline.

Symptoms of glycemia

With normal blood sugar levels, the human body functions normally and copes with any stress without deteriorating overall well-being. But violations of glycemic norms lead to pathological malfunctions in the functioning of many organs and systems of the human body. Most often, signs of impaired glycemia in the body are unpleasant sensations that are very easy to notice: tingling in the fingertips, heavy sweating, pale skin, coordination of movements is impaired, muscle weakness appears, tremors in the body and tachycardia - irregular heart rhythm, an irresistible feeling of hunger and thirst.

Long-term glycemia causes disorders of the central nervous system of the body: constant yawning appears, the eyes may “double,” and the person begins to suffer from frequent headaches and migraines. The mental state is also disturbed - the patient develops insomnia at night and irritability, fatigue and drowsiness during the day. The patient may constantly experience bouts of depression and be in a stressful state. With such symptoms, a person is immediately prescribed a blood test - “fasting glycemia”. This analysis is recommended to be carried out repeatedly, on different days, in order to exclude an erroneous diagnosis and select the appropriate treatment.

Glycemia can occur in a completely healthy person after rigorous or intense physical activity. In patients with diabetes mellitus, glycemia occurs as a result of an incorrectly selected dose of insulin. The symptoms of low and high glucose levels in the body are different, as they are caused by completely different reasons, so treatment has an individual approach after carefully performed tests.

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Hypoglycemia is a low sugar level in the body that occurs during intense physical activity, after an overly strict diet with low carbohydrate content. The following symptoms are characteristic of hypoglycemia: constantly felt dizziness and a sharp decrease in performance, weakness and slight trembling throughout the body, profuse sweating and a constant feeling of anxiety, mild nausea and a simultaneous feeling of extreme hunger. An ordinary person practically does not pay attention to these symptoms, so it is quite difficult to identify hypoglycemia, although if the blood sugar level drops sufficiently critically, the patient may fall into a coma. Hypoglycemia can be detected accidentally, for example, during a regular laboratory blood test.

Hyperglycemia is an increased level of glucose in the blood, usually developing in patients with diabetes or in people predisposed to this disease. Very often, hyperglycemia does not manifest itself at all, and some of its symptoms resemble those of other diseases. And yet, this type of glycemia can suddenly occur after eating a meal high in carbohydrates, after overeating, as well as during an inactive and sedentary lifestyle. A person begins to experience a constant feeling of dry mouth and uncontrollable thirst, he has a frequent urge to urinate, sometimes itching of the skin, sudden weight gain or, conversely, weight loss. The patient is constantly irritated and often feels tired. A laboratory blood test can reveal elevated sugar levels, which may indicate a disruption of the body's endocrine system.

Diagnostic measures

The presence of such symptoms should prompt immediate medical attention. One of the tests is "fasting glucose", the most common way to determine blood sugar levels is to measure the glucose concentration in a person's body after fasting for at least 8 hours. Before taking such an analysis, you should not even drink water or brush your teeth, and also exclude in advance the use of hormonal medications that affect the results. The normal glucose level for such an analysis should be up to 6.2 mmol/l. It is advisable to carry out this analysis several times and on different days in order to make the most accurate diagnosis. To clarify the results, a sugar tolerance test is carried out. This analysis is usually performed to clarify the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. In the morning, a person’s blood is taken on an empty stomach, after which the patient consumes about one hundred grams of glucose and two hours later takes a repeat blood test - this is how the dynamics are determined. Normally, the readings should be less than 10.3 mmol/l; exceeding this number indicates the presence of a disease such as diabetes.

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How to treat pathology

When treating glycemia, the patient’s lifestyle should first be adjusted. Sometimes medications may be prescribed. One of the main rules of treatment is diet. You should eat foods with low (for hyperglycemia) or high (for hypoglycemia) glucose content. The diet must be carefully regulated: you should eat little and often, giving preference to foods containing complex carbohydrates, which give the body a feeling of satiety and provide it with energy for a long time.

It is advisable to completely eliminate “bad” carbohydrates from food: sugar and baked goods, as well as fats. But there should be a lot of protein in the food you eat. Along with the diet, it is worth adjusting your weight and leading a more physically active lifestyle - swimming, cycling, light jogging and walking significantly speed up the process of normalizing glycemia. Moderate weight loss and half-hour walks in the fresh air reduce the risk of diabetes several times.

In some cases, glycemia requires drug treatment, which is prescribed by a doctor after a thorough examination of the tests and is strictly individual for each patient. Signs of glycemia are often confused with symptoms of various diseases. The patient’s health may be good, despite pathological glycemia, in which case it is necessary to carry out a course of appropriate treatment. Sometimes glycemia can develop due to a genetic predisposition and can be hereditary. In this case, especially patients with pathologies of the endocrine system, it is necessary to regularly undergo a laboratory blood test to determine the level of glycemia. Since glycemia practically does not manifest itself for a long time, if it is detected, you should immediately begin treatment, following all the rules and recommendations of the doctor.

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The term glycemia can be literally translated as “sweet blood.” In medical terminology, this word refers to blood sugar levels. This term was first used in the 19th century by the French scientist Claude Bernard.

There are normal, high or low blood glucose levels. A glucose level of approximately 3-3.5 mmol/l is considered normal. This indicator must be stable, otherwise any deviation from the norm can lead to disruption of brain function.

Hypoglycemia indicates low sugar levels in the body. Elevated levels in medicine are referred to as hyperglycemia. An increase or decrease in this level can lead to irreversible consequences in the human body. If the sugar level deviates from the norm, a person will feel dizzy and nauseous, and possible loss of consciousness or coma.

If the level of glycemia corresponds to the norm, the human body functions normally, the person does not complain about his health, and copes with any stress on the body.

Symptoms of hyperglycemia

Typically, an increase in glucose levels in the body is observed in patients with diabetes or in people with a predisposition to this disease. Sometimes hyperglycemia may not manifest itself, and its symptoms will resemble other diseases.

Often, an increase in glycemia is caused by constant stress, constant consumption of high-carbon foods, overeating, and a sedentary lifestyle. The main symptoms of glycemia characterized by high sugar levels include:

• constant feeling of thirst;
• itching of the skin;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• weight loss or gain;
• constant feeling of fatigue;
• irritability.

When the blood glucose level is critical, short-term loss of consciousness or even coma may occur. If a blood sugar test reveals that its level is elevated, this does not indicate diabetes.

Perhaps this is a borderline state that signals a disruption in the functioning of the endocrine system. In any case, impaired fasting glucose should be examined.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

Low sugar levels, or hypoglycemia, occur in healthy people when they engage in intense physical activity or follow a strict low-carbon diet. For patients with diabetes, the occurrence of hypoglycemia is associated with an incorrectly selected dose of insulin, this sometimes happens.

The following signs are characteristic of hypoglycemia:

1. feeling of extreme hunger;
2. constant dizziness;
3. decreased performance;
4. nausea;
5. weakness of the body accompanied by slight trembling;
6. a persistent feeling of anxiety and restlessness;
7. profuse sweating.

Hypoglycemia is usually determined randomly during a regular laboratory blood test. Often people with hypoglycemia do not pay attention to the symptoms and it is very difficult to determine the decrease in sugar in the body. When glucose levels are critically low, a person may fall into a coma.

Methods for determining sugar content

To determine the level of glycemia in modern medicine, two main methods are used.

1. Blood sugar test.
2. Glucose tolerance test

The first type of analysis is based on determining the patient's glycemic level in blood taken on an empty stomach. Blood is collected from a person's finger. This is the most common way to determine glycemia in humans.

An elevated glycemic level does not always indicate that a person has diabetes. Often additional diagnostics may be performed to confirm this diagnosis.

In order to make sure that the diagnosis is correct, several more blood tests are prescribed for sugar, we can say that this is a kind of diabetes. During the period of testing, the patient must completely avoid the consumption of medications that affect hormonal levels.

To obtain more reliable data, the doctor additionally prescribes a test for glucose tolerance. The essence of this analysis is as follows:

1. The patient takes a fasting blood test;
2. Immediately after the analysis, 75 ml is taken. glucose soluble in water;
3. An hour later, a repeat blood test is done.

For both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, meals should be taken in small portions 5-6 times a day. The diet should mainly consist of proteins and complex carbons. It is these products that can fill the body with energy for a long time.

When treating glycemia, people should not forget about moderate physical activity. This could be cycling, running or walking.

Glycemia may not manifest itself for a long time, but if it is detected, it is necessary to immediately begin its treatment.