Under what article were the traitors of the Second World War judged? Soviet women who betrayed their Motherland in the Great Patriotic War

After the defeat of the Third Reich, many women who had sexual relations with the Nazis were ostracized in Europe and the USSR. It was not easy for their children, born of Germans.

European democracies have been particularly successful in persecuting “German bastards” and “German bastards,” writes Vladimir Ginda in the Archive section in issue No. 43 of the Correspondent magazine dated November 2, 2012.

The Second World War for the majority of the population of the victorious countries ended in the spring of 1945. But among the citizens of the victorious countries there were people who still for a long time bore the burden of war. It's about about women seen in sexual relations with Germans, as well as about children born to the invaders.

In the USSR, women who became entangled with the enemy were shot or sent to camps without further explanation. However, in European countries they were treated no better - they were killed, sentenced to prison terms, or given public humiliating punishments.

The fate of their German children in the USSR was not documented, but, apparently, for the most part they were no different from their peers. But in the West, Germans sometimes had a hard time: in Norway, for example, they were forcibly imprisoned in homes for the mentally ill.

National disgrace

Most of all in Europe, the French distinguished themselves in persecuting their compatriots who maintained intimate relationships with their enemies. Crushed by the occupation and a large number of collaborators, liberated France took out all its anger on the fallen women. People, based on the contemptuous nickname for the Germans - Boches, called them “bedding for the Boches”.

Such women began to be persecuted during the war years, when French Resistance waged an underground struggle against the occupiers. The underground distributed leaflets among the population with the following text: “French women who are given over to the Germans will have their heads cut. We will write on your back - We sold ourselves to the Germans. When young French girls sell their bodies to the Gestapo or militiamen [collaborators], they are selling the blood and soul of their French compatriots. Future wives and mothers, they are obliged to maintain their purity in the name of love for their homeland.”

The French distinguished themselves most in Europe in persecuting their compatriots who maintained intimate relationships with their enemies.

From words, members of the Resistance quickly moved to action. According to historians, from 1943 to 1946, more than 20 thousand women in the country were shaved for “horizontal collaborationism,” as the French mockingly called sexual relations with the occupiers.

Such “lynchings” took place like this: armed underground fighters broke into houses and forcibly pulled out guilty women from there, took them to city squares and cut their hair. The punishments and humiliations were all the more severe because they were carried out publicly, in front of relatives, neighbors and acquaintances. The crowd laughed and applauded, after which the disgraced people were paraded through the streets, sometimes even naked.

Shaving the head was essentially easy a form of punishment. Some “litters” had a swastika painted on their faces or even had a corresponding brand burned into them. And some of them had to endure brutal interrogations, accompanied by beatings, when details of their sex lives were beaten out of women.

After a wave of abuse against the “beds for the Boches,” most of these women were sentenced to imprisonment. By government decree of August 26, 1944, approximately 18.5 thousand French women were declared “nationally unworthy” and received from six months to one year in prison, followed by a reduction in rights for another year. People called this last year “the year of national shame.”

Some “bedding men” had a swastika painted on their faces or even had a corresponding brand burned into them.

Harlots were often shot, and sometimes they themselves, unable to bear the burden of ostracism, took their own lives.

The fate of the Norwegian “German whores” (tysketoser) was similar. After the war, there were more than 14 thousand such people in Norway, of which 5 thousand people were sentenced to one and a half years in prison. They were also publicly humiliated - they were stripped and smeared with sewage.

In the Netherlands, after May 5, 1945, about 500 “girls for the Krauts” (moffenmaiden) were killed during street lynchings. Other women found to have connections with the occupiers were collected from the streets, stripped and doused with sewage or forced to kneel in the mud, their hair was shaved or their heads were painted orange.

In the USSR, there were no public trials of “German whores” like European ones. The Kremlin did not wash dirty linen in public - it acted using a proven method: arrest and sending to Siberia. They didn’t look for a reason for a long time - the authorities considered all residents of the occupied territories as guilty a priori.

This position was clearly voiced on February 7, 1944 at the plenum of Soviet writers in Moscow by the Ukrainian Petro Punch. “The entire population now in the liberated areas, in fact, cannot freely look our liberators in the eyes, since they are to some extent entangled in ties with the Germans,” he said.

According to the writer, residents of the occupied territories either robbed apartments and institutions, or helped the Germans in robbery and executions, or speculated. And some girls, “having lost their sense of patriotism,” lived with the Germans.

The party leadership unequivocally recognized women who had sexual relations with the Nazis, prostitutes and traitors

The party leadership unequivocally recognized women who had sexual relations with the Nazis as prostitutes and traitors. Thus, the circular of the NKVD of the USSR dated February 18, 1942 On the organization of operational security work in the liberated territory ordered the heads of regional and line departments of the NKVD to begin their work on the liberated lands with the arrests of previously identified henchmen and active collaborators of the Germans.

The document also listed a number of categories of the population that were subject to priority prosecution. In particular, we were talking about women who married officers, soldiers and Wehrmacht officials, as well as owners of brothels and brothels.

Later, at the end of April 1943, in a joint order of the People's Commissars of Internal Affairs, Justice and the USSR Prosecutor, there was an instruction to more actively apply repressive sanctions to women caught in voluntary intimate or close domestic relationships with Wehrmacht personnel or officials of German punitive and administrative bodies. Most often, such accomplices were punished by having their children taken away from them.

But they could have been shot without trial or investigation, literally immediately after the arrival of Soviet power.

Most often, such accomplices were punished by having their children taken away from them.

For example, in a report from a representative of Hitler’s Ministry of Eastern Territories under Army Group South, it was reported that in the Slavyansk-Barvenkovo-Kramatorsk-Konstantinovka sector (eastern Ukraine) in the spring of 1943, the very next day after the liberation of this area by the Red Army, representatives of the NKVD carried out mass arrests.

They detained primarily those who served in the German police, worked in the occupation administration or other services. In addition, women who had sexual relations with the Germans, were pregnant by the occupiers, or had children from them, were killed on the spot along with their babies. In total, according to German documents, about 4 thousand people were killed then.

And in one of the reports of the Abwehr, German military intelligence, it was stated: after an unsuccessful attempt to liberate Kharkov undertaken by the Red Army in 1942, during the short time that the city was in the hands of the Soviet side, the NKVD border troops shot 4 thousand residents.

“Among them there are many girls who were friends with German soldiers, and especially those who were pregnant. Three witnesses were enough to eliminate them,” the report says.

Innocent victims

The life of children born of Germans was no easier. Many of them (no matter where they lived - in the USSR or in Western Europe) had to fully experience humiliation.

Historians still cannot clearly determine how many “children of the occupation” appeared in different European countries. In France, it is believed that local women gave birth to 200 thousand babies from Germans, in Norway - from 10 thousand to 12 thousand.

How many such children were born on the territory of the USSR is unknown. In an interview, American historian Kurt Blaumeister stated that, according to his calculations, 50-100 thousand German babies were born in Russia, the Baltic states, Belarus and Ukraine during the occupation. Compared to 73 million - the total number of people living in the occupied territories - this figure looks insignificant.

In France, it is believed that local women gave birth to 200 thousand babies from Germans, in Norway - from 10 thousand to 12 thousand.

These children were considered doubly rejected - both as those born out of wedlock and as the fruit of a relationship with the enemy.

In some countries, opposition to “children of occupation” was fueled by the authorities. For example, in Norway, 90% of the “German bastards” (tyskerunge), or “Nazi caviar” (naziyingel), were declared mentally disabled and sent to mental homes, where they were kept until the 1960s. Later, the Norwegian War Children's Union stated that the “morons” were used to test medications.

Only in 2005, the parliament of the Scandinavian country made an official apology to these innocent victims of war, and the Justice Committee approved compensation for their experiences in the amount of 3 thousand euros.

The amount can be increased tenfold if victims provide documented evidence that they have faced hatred, fear and mistrust because of their background.

The latter norm caused outrage among local human rights activists, who rightly pointed out that it is difficult to prove beatings, offensive nicknames, etc., if this happened many years ago and some characters have already died.

Only in 2005, the parliament of the Scandinavian country made an official apology to these innocent victims of war, and the Justice Committee approved compensation for their experiences in the amount of 3 thousand euros.

In France, the “children of the Boches” were initially treated with loyalty. The measures of influence were limited to a ban on them studying German and bear German names. Of course, not all of them managed to avoid attacks from peers and adults. In addition, many of these children were abandoned by their mothers and were raised in orphanages.

In 2006, the “children of the Boches” united into the association Hearts Without Borders. It was created by Jean-Jacques Delorme, whose father was a Wehrmacht soldier. The organization currently has 300 members.

“We founded this association because French society infringed on our rights. The reason is that we were Franco-German children conceived during the Second World War. We have united in order to jointly search for our parents, help each other and carry out work to preserve historical memory. Why now? Previously, this was impossible to do: the topic remained taboo,” Delorme said in an interview.

By the way, since 2009, Germany has had a law according to which children born in France to Wehrmacht soldiers can receive German citizenship.

Non-Soviet children

Almost nothing is known about the fate of children born to Soviet women from the occupiers. Rare archival data and eyewitness accounts indicate that in the USSR they were treated quite humanely. At least no one waged anything against them purposeful work. Most of the “children of war” appear to have received an education, a job, and lived normal lives.

The only official document indicating that the authorities were thinking about what to do with German children was a letter from Ivan Maisky, a famous Soviet historian and deputy people's commissar for foreign affairs.

Maisky wrote that it is difficult to establish the total number of such babies, but according to some data we can talk about thousands of German children.

On April 24, 1945, Maisky, together with a group of deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, sent a message to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. In it, the historian drew the leader’s attention to “one small issue” - children born in German-occupied territory “as a result of the voluntary or forced cohabitation of Soviet women with Germans.” Maisky wrote that it is difficult to establish the total number of such babies, but according to some data we can talk about thousands of German children.

“What to do with these children? They, of course, are not responsible for the sins of their parents, but is there any doubt that if German children live and grow up in those families and in the environment in which they were born, their existence will be terrible? - the official asked Stalin.

To solve the problem, Maisky proposed taking German babies from their mothers and distributing them to orphanages. Moreover, during admission to the orphanage, the child must be given a new name, and the administration of the institution should not know where the new pupil came from and whose he is.

But if Maisky’s letter to Stalin has been preserved, then the response of the leader of the peoples is unknown, just as any reaction of the Kremlin to the message is unknown.

During the Great Patriotic War In the occupied territories of the Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe, the Nazis and their henchmen from among the local traitors committed many war crimes against civilians and captured military personnel. The salvos of Victory had not yet been fired in Berlin, and the Soviet state security agencies were already faced with an important and rather difficult task - to investigate all the crimes of the Nazis, to identify and detain those responsible for them, and to bring them to justice.

The search for Nazi war criminals began during the Great Patriotic War and has not been completed to this day. After all, there are no time limits or statutes of limitations for the atrocities that the Nazis committed on Soviet soil. As soon as Soviet troops The occupied territories were liberated, and operational and investigative agencies immediately began working there, primarily the counterintelligence service Smersh. Thanks to Smershevites, as well as military personnel and police officers, it was revealed a large number of accomplices of Nazi Germany from among the local population.

Former police officers received criminal convictions under Article 58 of the USSR Criminal Code and were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment, usually from ten to fifteen years. Since the war-ravaged country needed workers, the death penalty was applied only to the most notorious and odious executioners. Many policemen served their time and returned home in the 1950s and 1960s. But some of the collaborators managed to avoid arrest by posing as civilians or even ascribing heroic biographies to participants in the Great Patriotic War as part of the Red Army.

For example, Pavel Aleksashkin commanded a punitive unit of policemen in Belarus. When the USSR won the Great Patriotic War, Aleksashkin was able to hide his personal participation in war crimes. He was given a short prison term for his service with the Germans. After his release from the camp, Aleksashkin moved to the Yaroslavl region and soon, plucking up courage, began posing as a veteran of the Great Patriotic War. Having managed to get Required documents, he began to receive all the benefits due to veterans, he was periodically awarded orders and medals, and was invited to speak at schools in front of Soviet children - to talk about his military journey. And the former Nazi punisher lied without a twinge of conscience, attributing to himself the exploits of others and carefully hiding his true face. But when the security authorities needed Aleksashkin’s testimony in the case of one of the war criminals, they made a request at his place of residence and found that the former policeman was pretending to be a veteran of the Great Patriotic War.

One of the first trials of Nazi war criminals took place on July 14-17, 1943 in Krasnodar. The Great Patriotic War was still in full swing, and in the Krasnodar cinema "Giant" the trial of eleven Nazi collaborators from the SS Sonderkommando "10-a" was taking place. More than 7 thousand civilians of Krasnodar and the Krasnodar Territory were killed in gas vans. The immediate leaders of the massacres were German Gestapo officers, but executions were carried out by executioners from among local traitors.

Vasily Petrovich Tishchenko, born in 1914, joined the occupation police in August 1942, then became a foreman of the SS Sonderkommando “10-a”, and later a Gestapo investigator. Nikolai Semenovich Pushkarev, born in 1915, served in the Sonderkommando as a squad commander, Ivan Anisimovich Rechkalov, born in 1911, evaded mobilization into the Red Army and, after the entry of German troops, joined the Sonderkommando. Grigory Nikitich Misan, born in 1916, was also a volunteer policeman, like the previously convicted Ivan Fedorovich Kotomtsev, born in 1918. Yunus Mitsukhovich Naptsok, born 1914, took part in the torture and execution of Soviet citizens; Ignatiy Fedorovich Kladov, born in 1911; Mikhail Pavlovich Lastovina, born in 1883; Grigory Petrovich Tuchkov, born in 1909; Vasily Stepanovich Pavlov, born in 1914; Ivan Ivanovich Paramonov, born 1923 The trial was quick and fair. On July 17, 1943, Tishchenko, Rechkalov, Pushkarev, Naptsok, Misan, Kotomtsev, Kladov and Lastovina were sentenced to capital punishment and on July 18, 1943, hanged in the central square of Krasnodar. Paramonov, Tuchkov and Pavlov received 20 years in prison.

However, other members of Sonderkommando 10-a then managed to escape punishment. Twenty years passed before a new trial of Hitler’s henchmen, the executioners who killed Soviet people, took place in Krasnodar in the fall of 1963. Nine people appeared before the court - former policemen Alois Weich, Valentin Skripkin, Mikhail Eskov, Andrei Sukhov, Valerian Surguladze, Nikolai Zhirukhin, Emelyan Buglak, Uruzbek Dzampaev, Nikolai Psarev. All of them took part in the massacres of civilians in the territory Rostov region, Krasnodar region, Ukraine, Belarus.

Valentin Skripkin lived in Taganrog before the war, was a promising football player, and with the beginning of the German occupation he joined the police force. He hid until 1956, until the amnesty, and then legalized, worked at a bakery. It took six years of painstaking work for the security officers to establish: Skripkin personally participated in many murders of Soviet people, including the terrible massacre in Zmievskaya Balka in Rostov-on-Don.

Mikhail Eskov was a Black Sea sailor who took part in the defense of Sevastopol. Two sailors stood in a trench on Pesochnaya Bay against German tankettes. One sailor died and was buried in a mass grave, forever remaining a hero. Eskov was shell-shocked. This is how he ended up among the Germans, and then, out of despair, he enlisted in a Sonderkommando platoon and became a war criminal. In 1943, he was arrested for the first time - for serving in German auxiliary units, and was given ten years. In 1953, Eskov was released, only to be imprisoned again in 1963.

Nikolai Zhirukhin worked as a labor teacher in one of the schools in Novorossiysk since 1959, and in 1962 he graduated from the 3rd year in absentia pedagogical institute. He "split" into own stupidity, believing that after the 1956 amnesty he would not face responsibility for serving the Germans. Before the war, Zhirukhin worked in the fire department, then he was mobilized and from 1940 to 1942. served as a clerk at the garrison guardhouse in Novorossiysk, and during the offensive of the German troops he defected to the Nazis. Andrey Sukhov, formerly a veterinary paramedic. In 1943, he fell behind the Germans in the Tsimlyansk region. He was detained by the Red Army soldiers, but Sukhov was sent to a penal battalion, then he was reinstated to the rank of senior lieutenant of the Red Army, reached Berlin and after the war lived calmly, as a WWII veteran, worked in the paramilitary guards in Rostov-on-Don.

Alexander Veykh after the war worked in Kemerovo region in the timber industry - as a sawmill operator. A neat and disciplined worker was even elected to the local committee. But one thing surprised his colleagues and fellow villagers - for eighteen years he had never left the village. Valerian Surguladze was arrested on the same day own wedding. A graduate of a sabotage school, a fighter of Sonderkommando 10-a and SD platoon commander, Surguladze was responsible for the deaths of many Soviet citizens.

Nikolai Psarev entered the service of the Germans in Taganrog - on his own, voluntarily. At first he was an orderly for a German officer, then he ended up in the Sonderkommando. In love with the German army, he did not even want to repent of the crimes he had committed when he, working as a foreman for a construction trust in Chimkent, was arrested twenty years after that terrible war. Emelyan Buglak was arrested in Krasnodar, where he settled after for long years wandering around the country, believing that there was nothing to be afraid of. Uruzbek Dzampaev, who sold hazelnuts, was the most restless among all the detained policemen and, as it seemed to the investigators, he even reacted with some relief to his own arrest. On October 24, 1963, all defendants in the Sonderkommando 10-a case were sentenced to death. Eighteen years after the war, the deserved punishment finally found the executioners, who personally killed thousands of Soviet citizens.

The Krasnodar trial of 1963 was far from the only example of the condemnation of Hitler’s executioners, even many years after the victory in the Great Patriotic War. In 1976, in Bryansk, one of the local residents accidentally identified a man passing by as the former head of the Lokot prison, Nikolai Ivanin. The policeman was arrested, and he, in turn, reported interesting information about a woman who has been hunted by security officers since the war - about Antonina Makarova, better known as “Tonka the Machine Gunner.”

A former nurse of the Red Army, “Tonka the Machine Gunner” was captured, then escaped, wandered through the villages, and then finally went to serve the Germans. She is responsible for at least 1,500 lives of Soviet prisoners of war and civilians. When the Red Army captured Konigsberg in 1945, Antonina posed as a Soviet nurse, got a job in a field hospital, where she met soldier Viktor Ginzburg and soon married him, changing her last name. After the war, the Ginzburgs settled in the Belarusian city of Lepel, where Antonina got a job at a garment factory as a product quality controller.

Real name Antonina Ginzburg - Makarova became known only in 1976, when her brother, who lived in Tyumen, filled out a form to travel abroad and indicated his sister's last name - Ginzburg, nee Makarova. The state security agencies of the USSR became interested in this fact. The surveillance of Antonina Ginzburg continued for more than a year. It was only in September 1978 that she was arrested. On November 20, 1978, Antonina Makarova was sentenced by the court to capital punishment and was shot on August 11, 1979. The death sentence against Antonina Makarova was one of three death sentences against women handed down in the Soviet Union in the post-Stalin era.

Years and decades passed, and security agencies continued to identify the executioners responsible for the deaths of Soviet citizens. The work of identifying Nazi henchmen required maximum care: after all, an innocent person could fall under the “flywheel” of the state punitive machine. Therefore, to exclude everything possible mistakes, each potential suspect was observed for a very long time before a decision was made to detain.

The KGB kept Antonin Makarov under investigation for more than a year. First, they set up a meeting for her with a disguised KGB officer, who started talking about the war, about where Antonina served. But the woman did not remember the names of the military units and the names of the commanders. Then, one of the witnesses to her crimes was brought to the factory where “Tonka the Machine Gunner” worked, and she, watching from the window, was able to identify Makarova. But even this identification was not enough for the investigators. Then they brought two more witnesses. Makarova was summoned to the security office, allegedly to recalculate her pension. One of the witnesses sat in front of the social security office and identified the criminal, the second, playing the role of a social security worker, also unequivocally stated that in front of her was “Tonka the Machine Gunner” herself.

In the mid-1970s. The first trials of the policemen guilty of the destruction of Khatyn took place. Judge of the Military Tribunal of the Belarusian Military District Viktor Glazkov learned the name of the main participant in the atrocities - Grigory Vasyura. A man with that last name lived in Kyiv and worked as deputy director of a state farm. Vasyura was placed under surveillance. A respectable Soviet citizen posed as a veteran of the Great Patriotic War. However, investigators found witnesses to Vasyura’s crimes. The former Nazi punisher was arrested. No matter how he denied it, they managed to prove the guilt of 72-year-old Vasyura. At the end of 1986, he was sentenced to death and soon executed - forty-one years after the Great Patriotic War.

Back in 1974, almost thirty years after the Great Victory, a group of tourists from the United States of America arrived in Crimea. Among them was American citizen Fedor Fedorenko (pictured). Security authorities became interested in his personality. It was possible to find out that during the war, Fedorenko served as a guard in the Treblinka concentration camp in Poland. But there were many guards in the camp, and not all of them took personal part in the murders and torture of Soviet citizens. Therefore, Fedorenko’s personality began to be studied in more detail. It turned out that he not only guarded prisoners, but also killed and tortured Soviet people. Fedorenko was arrested and extradited to the Soviet Union. In 1987, Fyodor Fedorenko was shot, although at that time he was already 80 years old.

Now the last veterans of the Great Patriotic War are passing away, already very elderly people - and those who, in their childhood, had the terrible ordeal of being victims of Nazi war crimes. Of course, the policemen themselves are very old - the youngest of them are the same age as the youngest veterans. But even such a respectable age should not be a guarantee against prosecution.

In relative shares of the total population. The material presented below completely dispels the myth of the Second World War as “the Second Civil War, when the Russian people stood up to fight the bloody tyrant Stalin and the Soviet Judaicate.”
And so the word to the author, colleague harding1989 in Anti-Soviet military formations
I decided to present to the public a couple of visual (in my opinion) graphs and a plate to make some things clearer.

1) As many as 0.4% of truly Russian people stood up to fight the Jewish people (TM). To put it mildly - not impressive.
2) The most active fighters against Soviet power were such Slavic (and Aryan, of course) peoples as Latvians, Estonians and Kalmyks. Especially, of course, the latter. Zip file, where there.
3) Russians don’t even reach the “norm”. Those. if in the Union they were about 51.7% of the total population, then among those who fought on the side of the enemy they were about 32.3%.

This is the “Second Civil”.

Sources:
Drobyazko S.I. "Under the banners of the enemy. Anti-Soviet formations within the German armed forces 1941-1945." M.: Eksmo, 2005.
Population of Russia in the 20th century: Historical essays. In 3 volumes / Vol.2. 1940-1959. M.: ROSSPEN, 2001.
Soldatenatlas der wehrmacht von 1941
Materials from the site demoscope.ru

© Oksana Viktorova/Collage/Ridus

Former GRU colonel Sergei Skripal, poisoned with fentanyl, was named for the UK. Sources close to MI6 believe that "he may have revealed the names of many GRU agents around the world and especially in Western Europe."

The poisoning of a former intelligence officer who defected to the British brought to mind the most famous traitors of the Soviet era.

Oleg Penkovsky

Penkovsky passed Soviet-Finnish war. During the Great Patriotic War, his career took off - he was a political instructor and Komsomol instructor, and became the commander of an artillery battalion. In the 60s, he rose to the rank of senior GRU officer.

In 1960, a colonel of the Main Intelligence Directorate worked undercover as deputy head of the Department of Foreign Relations under the Council of Ministers. In this position, he committed treason in exchange for financial reward.

He met with MI6 agent Greville Wynne and offered his services.

Penkovsky returned from his first trip to London on May 6, 1961. He brought with him a miniature Minox camera and a transistor radio. He managed to transfer 111 Minox films to the West, on which 5,500 documents were shot with a total volume of 7,650 pages, according to archival documents.

The damage from his actions is amazing. The documents that Penkovsky transmitted to the West made it possible to expose 600 Soviet intelligence officers, 50 of whom were GRU officers.

Penkovsky got burned because of his signalman, who was under surveillance.

In 1962, Penkovsky was sentenced to death. However, there is a version that he was not shot, but burned alive. It is believed that it was his painful death that another Soviet intelligence officer, Viktor Suvorov, describes in his book “Aquarium”.

Victor Suvorov

Suvorov is the pseudonym of the former Soviet intelligence officer Victor Rezun. Officially, he worked in Switzerland for Soviet intelligence, and at the same time he collaborated clandestinely with the British MI6.

The intelligence officer fled to England in 1978. Rezun claimed that he did not plan to cooperate with British intelligence, but he had no choice: allegedly serious mistakes were made in the work of the intelligence department in Geneva and they wanted to make him a scapegoat.

But he was dubbed a traitor not because of his escape, but because of the books in which he described in detail the kitchen of Soviet intelligence and presented his vision of historical events.

According to one of them, the cause of the Great Patriotic War was Stalin’s policies. It was he, according to the writer, who wanted to capture all of Europe so that its entire territory would join the socialist camp. For such views, Rezun, according to his own statement, was sentenced to death in absentia in the USSR.

Now the ex-intelligence officer lives in Bristol and writes books on historical topics.

Andrey Vlasov

Andrei Vlasov is perhaps the most famous traitor of World War II. No wonder his name has become a household name.

In 1941, Vlasov’s 20th Army recaptured Volokolamsk and Solnechnogorsk from the Germans, and a year later, Lieutenant General Vlasov, commander of the 2nd Shock Army, was captured by the Germans. He began advising the German military on how to fight against the Red Army.

However, even with his obliging cooperation he did not arouse sympathy among the Nazis.

According to some reports, Himmler called him “a runaway pig and a fool,” and Hitler disdained to meet with him in person.

Vlasov organized the Russian Liberation Army from among Russian prisoners of war. These troops took part in the fight against partisans, robberies and executions of civilians.

In 1945, after the surrender of Germany, Vlasov was captured by Soviet soldiers and taken to Moscow. He was accused of treason and hanged.

However, there are those who do not consider Vlasov a traitor. For example, the former editor-in-chief of the Military Historical Journal, retired Major General Viktor Filatov, claims that Vlasov was Stalin’s intelligence agent.

Victor Belenko

Pilot Viktor Belenko escaped from the USSR in 1976. He landed in Japan on a MiG-25 fighter and requested political asylum in the United States.

Needless to say, the Japanese, together with American specialists, immediately dismantled the plane into parts and obtained the secrets of Soviet “friend or foe” recognition technology and other military know-how of that time. The MiG-25 supersonic high-altitude fighter-interceptor was the most advanced aircraft of the Soviet Union. It is still in service with some countries.

The damage from Belenko’s actions was estimated at two billion rubles, since the country had to quickly change all the equipment of the “friend or foe” recognition system. A button has appeared in the fighter's missile launch system that removes the lock on firing at friendly aircraft. She received the nickname “Belenkovskaya”.

Soon after his arrival, he received political asylum in the United States. The permission to grant citizenship was signed personally by President Jimmy Carter.

Belenko later claimed that he made an emergency landing in Japan, demanded that the plane be hidden, and even fired into the air, driving away the Japanese who were greedy for Soviet developments.

In America, Belenko worked as a military consultant on aerospace technology, gave lectures and appeared on television as an expert.

According to the investigation, Belenko had conflicts with his superiors and in his family. After the escape, he did not try to get in touch with his relatives, in particular his wife and son, who remained in the USSR.

According to his subsequent confessions, he escaped for political reasons.

In the USA he found new family by marrying a local waitress.

Oleg Gordievsky

Gordievsky was the son of an NKVD officer and collaborated with the KGB since 1963. As he himself said, his disappointment in Soviet politics forced him to enlist as an agent of the British intelligence agency MI6.

According to one version, the KGB became aware of Gordievsky’s treacherous activities from a Soviet source from the CIA. He was interrogated using psychotropic substances, but was not arrested, but taken into custody.

However, the British embassy helped the KGB colonel escape from the country. He left the USSR in the trunk of a British Embassy car on July 20, 1985.

A diplomatic scandal soon broke out. Margaret Thatcher's government expelled more than 30 undercover Soviet embassy workers from Britain. According to Gordievsky, they were agents of the KGB and GRU.

British intelligence historian Christopher Andrew believed that Gordievsky was "the largest British intelligence agent in the ranks of the Soviet intelligence services since Oleg Penkovsky."

In the USSR, Gordievsky was sentenced to death under the article “Treason to the Motherland.” He tried to send his family to live with him - his wife and two daughters. But they were able to go to him only in 1991. However, the reunion was followed by a divorce at the initiative of his wife.

In his new homeland, Gordievsky published a number of books about the work of the KGB. He was a close friend of Alexander Litvinenko and took an active part in the investigation of his death.

In 2007, for services to Great Britain, Queen Elizabeth II personally awarded him the Order of St. Michael and St. George.

The theme of collaboration is betrayal and cooperation of Soviet citizens with the fascist occupiers during the Great Patriotic War- is relevant, because people who betrayed the interests of their Motherland, traitors, are today exalted, monuments are erected to them, they are considered as spokesmen of protest against communism, the “Stalinist regime”, fighters for freedom and independence. All this, naturally, causes bewilderment and a strong protest from every honest person, especially veteransGreat Patriotic War.

Westerners-democrats theme of betrayal, voluntary service to the fascists in the years Great Patriotic Wardoesn't care at all. But betrayal, betrayal of the Motherland always and everywhere evokes feelings of disgust and contempt. Voluntary, even short-term, cooperation with our sworn enemy cannot be justified by anything.

Let's be honest, the collaborationist movement in the territory of the Soviet Union temporarily occupied by the Germans was quite massive. Collaborators from among the dispossessed, convicted, dissatisfied with the Soviet regime, anti-Soviet emigrants, and partly from prisoners of war of the Red Army, in the service of the fascists in the Wehrmacht, police forces, SS and SD, according to various estimates, there were from 1 to 2.5 million people.

Attack fascist Germany The White émigré part of the Russian population, officers, landowners and capitalists, who had not been defeated and fled abroad, greeted the Soviet Union with great enthusiasm. There was a desire to take revenge for the defeat in civil war, to begin a liberation campaign against the Bolsheviks, now with the help of German bayonets.

A special, rather numerous category of traitors included natives of the Caucasus, the Baltic states, the German Volga region, as well as Russian emigrants in Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. There were many former White Army soldiers: Kolchakites, Wrangelites, Denikinites. All of them voluntarily enlisted in the service of Hitler, joining hostile military and police formations that acted against the Red Army, Soviet, French, Yugoslav partisans independently or as part of the troops of the Wehrmacht, Abwehr, SS and SD.

All this brethren turned out to be in demand by Hitler as a military force that had experience in combat operations during the 1st World War and the fight against Soviet power in subsequent years.

1. The main unifying force in the campaign of Russian traitors against the Soviet Union was Russian All-Military Union (ROVS), which on September 12, 1941 in Belgrade created the Separate Russian Corps (ORC) under the command of the chief of Russian emigration in Serbia, General of the Russian Volunteer Army M.F. Skorodumova. In the corps there were volunteer traitors from the 1st Cossack Regiment, from Bessarabia, Bukovina and even from Odessa. On January 29, 1943, the ORK personnel were sworn in: “I swear sacredly before God that in the fight against the Bolsheviks - the enemies of my Fatherland, I will provide unconditional obedience to the Supreme Leader of Germany, Adolf Hitler, and will be ready, like a brave warrior, at all times sacrifice my life for this oath." ORK soldiers wore Wehrmacht uniforms with the "ROA" (Russian Liberation Army) sleeve insignia.. The combat path of the ORK began in early 1944 against the Yugoslav partisans of Broz Tito, and in September 1944 the corps joined the Russian Liberation Army of General Vlasov. The surviving 4.5 thousand ORK soldiers after the defeat by the Red Army capitulated to the British army and, having received the status of “displaced persons,” fled to the USA, Canada, and Australia. Today, the unfinished corps headquarters operates in the United States, has its own organ, the Union of Officials, and publishes the magazine Our News, which is also published in Moscow.

The heavy losses suffered by the Germans on the Soviet-German front forced the German leadership to involve Red Army prisoners of war in the fight against the Soviet Union. Voluntary entry into enemy formations for prisoners of war was the only opportunity to save their lives, to escape from imminent death in a concentration camp, with a view to later, at the first opportunity, in the first battle, to go over to the side of the Red Army or to the partisans.

In March 1942, in the village of Osintorf (Belarus), the formation of the Russian National People's Army(RNNA), which initially included prisoners of war from the ZZ-th A, the 1st Cavalry Corps and the 4th Airborne Corps of the ZF. Mortally exhausted, exhausted Red Army soldiers, after washing and fattening, were put into service. By August 1942, the RNNA numbered about 8 thousand people. The command of the army was offered to the commander of the 19th A Polar Fleet, Lieutenant General M.F. Lukin, who was in captivity. But he resolutely refused to cooperate with the Germans. The army was received by the former commander of the 41st SD, Colonel Boyarsky.

The major defeat of the Germans at Stalingrad gave rise to unrest in parts of the RNNA. Soldiers began en masse to go over to the side of the Red Army and the partisans. And at the same time, there were traitors in the Red Army who voluntarily, without any resistance, surrendered to the Germans. These are not white emigrants or prisoners of war, these are the worst enemies of the Soviet government, which raised and educated them, gave them high positions and high military ranks. This is Vlasov and the Vlasovites - the Russian Liberation Army (ROA).

The ROA was headed by a lieutenant general, commander of the 2nd Shock Army of the Volkhov Front, who voluntarily offered his services to the Nazis on July 11, 1942 to fight their own people. A. Vlasov, in 1939 commander of the 99th SD KOVO, was awarded the Order of Lenin. With the beginning Great Patriotic Warhe is already the commander of the 4th MK, then commands the 37th A, which defends Kyiv, and the 20th A, which leads fighting near Moscow. Since March 1942, commanded the 2nd Ud. And, where in the village. Tukhovezhi, Leningrad region surrendered. On August 3, he turned to the German command with a proposal to create the ROA. In September 1944, after a meeting with Reichsführer SS Himmler, Vlasov formed two divisions of the ROA: “... the tasks of the divisions can only be solved in alliance and cooperation with Germany.” The divisions entered battle against units of the Red Army on April 13, 1945 near Furstenwalde on the Oder bridgehead, and in May 1945 in Czechoslovakia they were defeated and ceased to exist. The ROA command was caught and arrested on May 11, 1945. On August 1, 1946, 12 traitors and traitors led by Vlasov were hanged. Despite the petition of the Commission for the Rehabilitation of A. Yakovlev in 2001 to reconsider the case of the Vlasovites, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of Russia refused to rehabilitate the traitors to the Motherland.

Vlasov turned out to be a godsend for the Nazis, as the worst enemies of the Soviet people began to concentrate around him. Hitler did not have much confidence in Vlasov and the ROA, as in all Soviet people, believing, not without reason, that under certain circumstances, at the first opportunity, they would break their promises and go over to the side of the Red Army. And it’s true, there were a lot of such cases.

The betrayal of Vlasov and the Vlasovites exposed all the meanness, vanity, careerism, selfishness and cowardice of a small number of military personnel - oathbreakers, who faithfully and truly served the sworn enemy of the Soviet people and all humanity - fascism.

During the Great Patriotic War In each German infantry division, several OST infantry battalions were formed from white emigrants and prisoners of war, which received the number of their division."East battalions" fought against partisans and carried out security service. German officers were appointed battalion commanders, since the Germans did not have much confidence in OST. Later, the battalions were transferred to Europe. The last "East Battalion" was defeated by the Red Army in January 1945.

The larger collaborationist Russian formations were the eastern regiments and brigades. For example, Guderian’s 2nd TA included the Desna volunteer regiment. In the Bobruisk region in June 1942, the 1st Eastern Reserve Regiment operated, in the Vitebsk region - the Kaminsky brigade and others.

At the headquarters of all Army Groups and Wehrmacht Armies on the Eastern Front, special headquarters of special forces commanders were created, which monitored the reliability of the formed units and conducted combat training with them.

In the summer of 1942, Hitler's troops entered the Cossack regions of the Don, Kuban, and Terek. Cossack structures received permission from the German authorities to form battalions, regiments and divisions. The 1st Cossack Division, consisting of 11 regiments, 1200 bayonets each, in the spring of 1944 ended up in Belarus in the region of Baranovichi, Slonim, Novogrudok, where they entered into battle with the partisans, and then with the advanced units of the Red Army.

Having suffered significant losses, the division, by order of the atamans of the Cossack Stan, Krasnov and Shkuro, was transferred to Italy, where on May 3 it capitulated to the British. Later, 16 thousand Cossacks were transported to Novorossiysk, where they were tried by the Military Tribunal. Everyone got what they deserved. Through the efforts of the leadership of the Main Directorate of Cossack Troops, white generals P. Krasnov and A. Shkuro, the XV Cossack Cavalry Corps (KKK) was created, consisting of two divisions and the Plastun brigade.

The formations fought with units of the Red Army until the end of the war. Only in May 1945 did they lay down their arms in Yugoslavia. Special forces units, which were formed only from among Russian emigrants, acted against the partisans and the Red Army. Dressed in the uniform of the Red Army, police or railway workers, having well-prepared documents, the reconnaissance saboteurs were dropped into the rear of the Red Army. Penetrating into the rear, they conducted reconnaissance and committed major sabotage. In the first hours of the war, saboteurs of the regiment in Kobrin and Brest disabled the power plant and water supply system, interrupted wire communications with Brest Fortress, they shot in the back the alerted commanders of the Brest garrison.

To create an insurgent movement in the Soviet rear and fight against partisans, as well as for the leadership of intelligence. sabotage activities on the Soviet-German front in June 1941, a headquarters was created in the Abwehr. A white emigrant, a former officer, is appointed chief of staff tsarist army General A. Smyslovsky, aka Major General of the German Army Arthur Homston. From this headquarters on the territory of Belarus in Minsk, Mogilev, Orsha, Slutsk, Baranovichi and Polotsk, residencies with a large number of agents began to operate, infiltrating the partisans and underground. With the approach of the Red Army troops, the residencies were ordered to remain in place to continue sabotage and reconnaissance. Those left to settle were selected from among the elderly and disabled who were not subject to mobilization into the army. To communicate with these agents, safe houses and points with radio communications were created. By 1943, the total number of agents had increased more than 40 times. For this, Smyslovsky was awarded the Order of the German Eagle. Later, Smyslovsky became the Commander of the 1st Russian National Army (RNA), which received the status of an ally of the Wehrmacht.

In March 1942, to destabilize the Soviet rear, the Germans created another reconnaissance and sabotage agency, the Zeppelin Enterprise. Zeppelin's front-line agencies operated throughout the entire Soviet-German front. In the same year, the Zeppelin organ created the 1st Russian National SS Brigade in the prisoner of war camp in Suwalki (Poland)., which in May 1943 waged fierce battles with the partisans of the Begoml zone, where it suffered heavy losses. In August 1943 The brigade under the command of Gil (2800 people) went over to the side of the partisans and entered into battle with the German occupiers in Dokshitsy and Krulevshchizna, but already as part of the Zheleznyak brigade of the Polotsk-Lepel partisan zone. For these actions, V. Gil-Rodionov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

The National Labor Union (NTS) operated in the temporarily occupied territory of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. NTS was created back in 1930 from Russian emigration. The main goal of the union is to fight Bolshevism by creating internal anti-Soviet underground organizations. The NTS headquarters were located in Berlin. The leadership of the NTS in Berlin entered into an agreement with the Abwehr to conduct joint actions against the Soviet Union in the upcoming armed conflict. With the beginning Great Patriotic WarNTS groups appeared in Orsha, Gomel, Mogilev, Polotsk, Bobruisk, Borisov, Minsk and 72 other cities in Russia and Ukraine. Close cooperation of the NTS was imposed with the traitors of General Vlasov.

In the spring of 1944, in Borisov and Bobruisk, the NTS created two nationalist organizations - the “Union of Struggle against Bolshevism” and the “Union of Belarusian Youth”. The purpose of the created unions is “the fight against Judeo-Bolshevism.” Unstable former members of the CPSU(b) and the Komsomol were accepted into the unions with a probationary period of 6 months. Those who “suffered” from the Soviet regime and those who were repressed were accepted as honorary members. Armed squads were created in the unions. All young people were obliged to join unions and squads, they were given weapons and uniforms. Due to the approach of the Red Army troops, the activities of the NTS and “unions” were stopped in the spring of 1944.

2. In the western occupied regions of Belarus, where there was greatest number nationalists, collaborationist organizations “Self-Defense” (“Samaakhovs”) were created in the cities of Novogrudok, Baranovichi, Vileika, and Bialystok. In 1942, such formations were created throughout Belarus, intended mainly to fight partisans.

A larger formation against the Belarusian partisans was the “Belarusian Regional Defense” (BKA) led by the traitor Franz Kuschel, former officer Polish army. In the spring of 1941, prisoner of war Kushel was sent to Minsk under the supervision of the NKVD. From the first days Great Patriotic War He is a translator for the German field commandant’s office, then, in October 1941, he creates the “Belarusian Samaakhova Corps.” The 1st division of the corps was stationed in Minsk, the 2nd in Baranovichi, and the 3rd in Vileika. The corps personnel took the oath: “I swear that, side by side with a German soldier, I will not let go of my weapon until the last enemy of the Belarusian people is destroyed.” After the German front in Belarus collapsed in June 1944, the corps soldiers abandoned their weapons and fled to their homes.

In the summer of 1942, the German leadership of the Minsk police began the formation of police battalions, sworn enemies of the partisans. A total of 20 battalions of 500 people each were formed, including the 48th battalion in Slonim, the 49th in Minsk, the 60th in Baranovichi, the 36th regiment in Urechye, etc. The battalions took an active part in major anti-partisan operations: “Cottbus” in the Lepel area, “Herman”, “Swamp Fever”, “Hamburg”, etc. The partisans' hatred of these formations was fanatical and immeasurable. On the headdresses of the traitors there was a cockade with the image of “Pursuit”, and on the left sleeve there was a white-red-white bandage.

On January 25, 1942, by order of Hitler, the 1st Belarusian SS Grenadier Brigade “Belarus” was created from among the traitors who fled to Germany. At the end of 1944, from the defeated and retreating police formations and Samaakh units, SS Obersturmbannführer Sieglin formed the 30th Belarusian SS Division, which took part in the battles against the Anglo-American troops on the Western Front. Having suffered significant losses, the remnants of the division joined Vlasov's ROA. When the Germans allowed the head of the Belarusian Rada, Ostrovsky, to form another Belarusian SS division, the task turned out to be impossible - traitors and traitors from among the dispossessed and criminals, fugitives from justice, selfish people and simply cowards, at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War, hoping to earn rewards for their deeds, in the hundreds and thousands began to join the partisans.

On June 22, 1943, the Commissioner General of Belarus Kube approved the creation of a youth organization and the Charter of the Union of Belarusian Youth. Nobody joined the organization. The Belarusian people had to endure too much grief and suffering during the 3 years of occupation. Punitive operations in Belarus were carried out mainly by police battalions from the Baltics, Ukraine and Poland. Latvian policemen especially committed atrocities in operations: “Winter Magic” - February 1943, “Spring Festival” - April 1943, “Henry” - November 1943, and the 18th Latvian police battalion in Operation Riga.

During these and other punitive operations, thousands, hundreds of thousands of civilians were shot and burned alive. 209 cities and towns were left in ruins, 9,200 villages and villages were burned, including 186 with all their inhabitants. Khatyn is among them. In total, only Latvians left their bloody trail on the territory of Belarus - the 15th division, 4 police regiments, 26 battalions. In Belarus, armed bandits of the Polish legion of Second Lieutenant Milashevsky, the legions of Kmititsa and Mrachkovsky committed atrocities. There were also punishers from Ukraine. The Nachtigal reconnaissance and sabotage battalion operated as part of the German Brandenburg regiment and carried out punitive operations in the Brest and Mogilev regions.

3. On the territory of Ukraine, immediately after the arrival of the Germans, the formation of collaborationist national military units and police units began under various names: “All-Ukrainian Liberation Army” (VLA), “Ukrainian Insurgent Army” (UPA), “Ukrainian National Army” (UNA). The formations were used to fight Red Army units and partisans. The creation of military units was led by the leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), Colonel Melnyk, and the famous nationalist Stepan Bandera. The latter, back in the twenties, held the post of leader of Western Ukrainian youth, and in 1932 became deputy chairman of the OUN. For organizing the murder of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Poland, General Peracki, Bandera was sentenced to life imprisonment. But in 1939, with the arrival of the Germans in Warsaw, Bandera returned to Western Ukraine, where he created detachments of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Units quickly grow into regiments and divisions. Soon the UPA numbered more than 200 thousand people, incl. 15 thousand of the Galicia division. The UPA is waging an armed struggle against Soviet partisans and the Polish Regional Army on the territory of Western Ukraine, Bukovina and in the forests of Pinsk woodland.

The war is being waged for an “independent” Ukraine “without gentlemen landowners, capitalists and Bolshevik commissars.” But Bandera’s UPA members still swore allegiance to Hitler : “I, a Ukrainian volunteer, with this oath, voluntarily place myself at the disposal of the German army. “I swear allegiance to the German leader and Supreme Commander of the German Army, Adolf Hitler, to unfailing loyalty and obedience.” For this obedience, the UPA received severe punishment from the Red Army. The combat formation of the 14th SS Grenadier Division "Galicia", which became part of the 13th AK of the 4th A Army Group "Western Ukraine", was completely defeated in July 1944 in the Lvov-Sandomierz operation near Brody. No more than 1 thousand “Galicians” escaped from the Brodsky cauldron, where 30 thousand died and 17 thousand soldiers and officers were captured. The “Sumy” division of the UPA was defeated even earlier, near Stalingrad. The Vilna Ukraine division fought as part of the AK Hermann Goering and was also completely defeated by the Red Army near Dresden.

On the entire Soviet-German front, a significant number of units and units of Ukrainian nationalists fought with the Red Army, which were united into the “Ukrainian Vizvolna Viysko” or the “Ukrainian National Liberation Army” (UNSO), which by the end of the war numbered more than 80 thousand troops. They had a distinctive sign - a “zhovtnevo-blakit” sleeve patch with a trident.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the traitors who surrendered were deported to the Soviet Union and put on trial. Some of them went underground to join the “forest brothers.” Having a large amount of weapons and ammunition, detachments of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) led by Bandera killed Soviet leaders and resisted Soviet power until their suppression and destruction in the early 1950s. Bandera himself fled to Munich, where he was met with just punishment - on October 15, 1959, he was killed by a KGB officer of the USSR.

4. In the dwarf Baltic states - Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, at the end of 1918, under the influence of the Great October Socialist Revolution in Russia, workers and landless peasants came to power. But the internal counter-revolution, united with external forces, drowned the young, fragile Soviet government in blood. As a result of the coups, the fascist dictatorship of Smetona and Ulmanis is established. In all states, parliaments are dissolved and all political parties are banned. Despite the fact that in June-July 1940, people's governments were formed in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, the countries voluntarily joined the Soviet Union, the people fully felt the advantages of socialism over capitalism, and the National Armies (29th Lithuanian SC, 24th SK Latvian, 22nd SK Estonian) were retained. From the first days of the German invasion, large property owners, capitalists and the bourgeoisie, together with the national army that had fled to their homes, joined the service of the Germans and began shooting in the backs of the Red Army soldiers, hoping to regain everything they had lost with the help of the German fascists. It was these segments of the population that began active work to create collaborationist, punitive police and armed formations. The German “fifth column” provided enormous assistance in this, its strongholds were numerous German and joint ventures, cultural and other institutions. In Latvia, for example, it was planned a week before the German invasion - on June 15, 1941 - to carry out sabotage by the forces of the “fifth column” with the burning of warehouses, explosions of bridges, and the seizure of important objects. But this plan was exposed. On the night of June 13-14, more than 5 thousand members of the “fifth column” were arrested, and the same number were expelled, including part of the command staff of the 24th Rifle Corps.

The Red Army command knew about the unfavorable situation in the Baltic military formations. On June 21, 1940, the commander of the BOVO troops, General D. Pavlov, addressed the NGO Marshal S. Timoshenko with a proposal to immediately disarm the personnel of the three ICs, as well as the population. For failure to surrender weapons - execution. But the request was not granted.*

5. Before the start of the Great Patriotic War, the “Lithuanian Legion” was created in East Prussia, the goal of which was: “When Germany attacks the USSR, which will occur in the spring of 1941, we Lithuanians must raise an uprising in the rear of the Red Army.” And so it happened. From the first days of the German invasion, the Lithuanian underground came into action. In Kaunas, nationalist armed groups opposed the Red Army and with particular brutality against the Jewish population. Jewish pogroms began in all the Baltic countries.

24 rifle battalions were formed in Lithuania, some of them are being transferred to Belarus. On October 14, 1941, in just one day they executed more than 2 thousand Belarusians in the village of Smilovichi, in Minsk - 1775 people, in Slutsk 5 thousand civilians. The 3rd Lithuanian battalion was located in Molodechno, another in Mogilev. The 3rd and 24th Lithuanian battalions took part in the operation against the Belarusian partisans “Swamp Fever” in the Baranovichi and Slonim regions. In addition to these battalions, the “Lithuanian Territorial Corps” (LTC) was also formed in Lithuania - 19 thousand people. Lithuanian bourgeois nationalists, who went underground a year ago, crawled out of their holes and, trying to please their new masters, began to commit outrages not only in Belarus, but also on their own land. On August 15-16, 1941, these traitors shot 3,207 old people, women and children in the village of Bayorai. The village of Pirgyupis was burned to the ground on June 3, 1944, along with its 119 inhabitants. During the three years of occupation, the Nazis and their nationalist accomplices destroyed over 700 thousand local residents, a sixth of Lithuania. With the arrival of the Red Army, these henchmen fled with the Nazis to the West, and many, fearing well-deserved punishment, took refuge in remote farmsteads and forests, organizing gangs of bandits. But the renegades received their well-deserved punishment.

6. In Latvia, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, shelling of military units of the Red Army and the headquarters of the PribVO in Riga began. More than 100 thousand people joined the punitive, police and other Nazi military formations from Latvian nationalists. In 1941 -1943 45 police battalions were formed, with a total number of 15 thousand people, who fought the Belarusian and Ukrainian partisans and destroyed civilians. Some of them fought as part of the German Army Group "North". In Belarus, 15 Latvian battalions were stationed in Stolbtsy, Stankovo, Begoml, Gantsevichi, Minsk and other cities. The battalions took part in Operation Winter Magic against partisans in the Baranovichi, Berezovsky, and Slonim regions. From April 11 to May 4, 1944, the 15th Latvian SS Division and the 2nd and 3rd Latvian Police Regiments fought in Operation Spring Festival in the Ushachi-Lepel partisan zone.

Punishers from Latvia left a bloody trail on the territory of Belarus. The 18th police battalion, which was stationed in Stolbtsy, and the 24th in Stankovo ​​were particularly cruel in exterminating civilian Belarusians and Jews. In February - March 1943, these battalions, in Operation Winter Magic in the Rossony-Osvei partisan zone, destroyed and burned alive 15 thousand local residents, drove more than 2 thousand to hard labor in Germany, and destroyed 158 settlements. On the caps of the traitors there was a cockade with the image of a skull, and on the left sleeve there was a red-white-red flag - “Latvian SS man”.

In Latvia there was the “Latvian Legion”, which united all the police battalions, SS military units and other military formations from traitors serving the fascists. The Legion included the 15th and 19th Latvian volunteer divisions of the SS troops, each with 18 thousand people. Both divisions were united into the VI Latvian SS Volunteer Corps. The 15th Division fought against the Red Army in East Prussia, and the 19th Division fought on the Volkhov Front. The Latvian Riflemen met the end of the Great Patriotic War in captivity of our allies.*

7. Long before the Great Patriotic War, the Estonian top leadership of the state and army established contact with German intelligence, the Abwehr and the Reich. Their common interest was units of the Red Army and Navy. As early as 1935, employees of the German embassy in Tallin intensified their intelligence and agent activities. In 1936 and 1937, Abwehr chief Canaris visited Estonia twice. In 1939, the Triple Alliance of intelligence services of Estonia, Finland, and Germany was formed. A massive deployment of sabotage and reconnaissance groups into the territory of the Soviet Union begins. With the arrival of Red Army troops on the territory of Estonia in 1940, agents and intelligence officers intensified their work. By July 1940, Estonian agents already numbered more than 60 thousand people. Despite the fact that by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the Estonian army (22nd Estonian SC) and the country as a whole had been cleared of the “fifth column,” complete success in the fight against enemy agents could not be achieved. During Great Patriotic War On the territory of Estonia, 34 police and 14 infantry battalions were formed, which were used to fight Soviet partisans in the Leningrad region and conduct combat operations on the Baltic and Leningrad fronts. In the spring of 1944 Five more police regiments are being formed. The personnel of the Estonian units were dressed in the uniform of the Estonian army and wore a white armband with the inscription “In the service of the German army.”

At the end of August 1942, the “Estonian Legion” was created, which included the 3rd Estonian Volunteer Brigade SS. In January 1944, the 3rd Brigade was reorganized into the 20th Waffen-Grenadier Division of the SS and sent to the Eastern Front in the Narva region, then to the Volkhov Front against the 2nd Shock Army of the Red Army. The 300th Special Purpose Division of Estonian collaborators also fought near Narva.

Cooperation and subservience to the Germans and their intelligence services in the Baltic countries continued throughout the entire period Great Patriotic War. Even reconnaissance and sabotage groups and agents were sent en masse to the territory already liberated by the Red Army.

8. In preparation for the attack on the Soviet Union, the German command was extremely interested in forming allied troops from the Muslim population. The formation of military units was carried out by the Turkestan National Committee (TNK), located in Wünsdorf (Germany). In 1941, the first 450th Turkic infantry battalion was created, which was the basis for the creation of the “Turkestan Legion”. The Legion included only Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Turkmen, Tajiks, and Kyrgyz. Later, in 1942, in Poland, another 452, 781, 782 infantry battalions were formed from among Turkic prisoners of war. In total, 14 infantry battalions of 1000-1200 people were formed there in everyone. The battalions were sent to Ukraine to fight Soviet partisans. In November 1943, the 1st Eastern Muslim Regiment was formed with a deployment in Minsk. In total, there were 181,402 people in the ranks of the Turkestan Legion, which served in the Wehrmacht. These troops took part in the fight against partisans and combat operations on the Soviet-German front.

9. The Crimean Tatars greeted the Germans with enthusiasm as their liberators. A department for the formation of Crimean Tatar enemy forces is being created at the headquarters of German 11A in Crimea. By January 1942, “Muslim Committees” and “Tatar National Committees” were formed in all cities of Crimea, which in the same 1942 sent 8,684 Crimean Tatars V German army and another 4 thousand to fight the Crimean partisans. In total, with a population of 200 thousand Tatars, 20 thousand volunteers were sent to serve the Germans. From this number the 1st Tatar Mountain Jaeger Brigade of the SS was formed. On August 15, 1942, the “Tatar Legion” began to operate, which included Tatars and other peoples of the Volga region who spoke the Tatar language. The “Tatar Legion” managed to form 12 field Tatar battalions, of these, the 825th battalion was located in Belynichi, Vitebsk region. Later, on February 23, 1943, on the day of the Red Army, the battalion in its entirety went over to the side of the Belarusian partisans, entered the 1st Vitebsk brigade of Mikhail Biryulin and fought against the Nazi invaders near Lepel. In Belarus, in the occupied territory, the Tatars, who collaborated with the Germans, grouped around the mufti Yakub Shinkevich.“Tatar committees” were in Minsk, Kletsk, Lyakhovichi. Ending Great Patriotic Warfor the Tatar traitors and traitors it became as tragic and deserved as for other collaborators. Only a few managed to escape to the Middle East and Turkey. Their plans to achieve victory over the “Bolshevik barbarians” and create a free Federal Republic under the mandate of the German Empire failed.

On May 10, 1944, People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Beria addressed Stalin with a request: “Taking into account the treacherous actions of the Crimean Tatars, I propose to evict them from Crimea.” The operation took place from May 18 to July 4, 1944. About 220 thousand Tatars and other nonresident residents of Crimea were removed without bloodshed or resistance. *

10. The Caucasian highlanders greeted the German troops with joy and presented Hitler with a golden harness - “Allah is above us - Hitler is with us.” The program documents of the “Special Party of Caucasian Fighters,” which united 11 peoples of the Caucasus, set the task of defeating the Bolsheviks, Russian despotism, doing everything to defeat Russia in the war with Germany, and “the Caucasus for the Caucasians.”

In the summer of 1942, as German troops approached the Caucasus, the insurgency intensified everywhere.Soviet power was liquidated, collective and state farms were dissolved, and major uprisings broke out. German saboteurs - paratroopers, about 25 thousand people in total - took part in the preparation and conduct of the uprisings. Chechens, Karachais, Balkars, Dagestanis, etc. began to fight against the Red Army. The only way to suppress the uprisings and the unfolding armed struggle against the Red Army troops and partisans was deportation. But the situation at the front (fierce battles near Stalingrad, Kursk) did not allow the operation to deport nationalities North Caucasus. It was brilliantly accomplished in February 1944.

On February 23, the resettlement of Caucasian peoples began. The operation was well prepared and was successful. By the beginning of it, the motives for the eviction were brought to the attention of the entire population - betrayal. Leaders, religious leaders of Chechnya, Ingushetia and other nationalities took a personal part in explaining the reasons for the resettlement. The campaign achieved its goal. Out of 873,000 people. those evicted resisted and only 842 people were arrested. For his success in evicting the traitors, L. Beria was awarded the highest military order of Suvorov, 1st degree. The eviction was forced and justified. Many hundreds of Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Karachais, Crimean Tatars, etc. went to the side of our worst enemy - the German occupiers, to serve in the German army.

11. In August 1943, a Corps of Kalmyk traitors was created in Kalmykia, which fought near Rostov and Taganrog, then (in the winter of 1944-1945) in Poland, and fought heavy battles with units of the Red Army near Radom.

12. The Wehrmacht drew its personnel from traitors, emigrants and prisoners of war, Azerbaijanis, Georgians and Armenians. From the Azerbaijanis, the Germans formed the Special Purpose Corps “Bergman” (“Highlander”), which participated in the suppression of the uprising in Warsaw. The 314th Azerbaijani Regiment fought as part of the 162nd German Infantry Division.

13. From among the Armenian prisoners of war, the Germans formed eight infantry battalions at the training ground in Pulaw (Poland) and sent them to the Eastern Front.

14. Volunteer traitors, Georgian emigrants, entered the service of the Germans in the first days of the war. They are used as the vanguard of the German Army Group South. At the beginning of July 1941, the reconnaissance and sabotage group "Tamara - 2" was thrown into the rear of the Red Army in the North Caucasus. Georgian saboteurs took part in Operation Shamil to seize the Grozny oil refinery. At the end of 1941, the “Georgian Legion” of 16 battalions was created in Warsaw. In addition to Georgians, the Legion included Ossetians, Abkhazians, and Circassians. In the spring of 1943, all battalions of the Legion were transferred to Kursk and Kharkov, where they were defeated by units of the Red Army.

After graduation Great Patriotic Warthe fate of the soldiers of the military formations of the Caucasus ended up in the hands of our allies, and later of Soviet justice. Everyone received a well-deserved punishment.

15. All this evil was skillfully processed by anti-Soviet propaganda. Although it was not easy, far from simple, to justify the reasons for an armed uprising against one’s Motherland, leading the sacred, just war for independence and freedom. Understanding well that the moral strength of a fighter, his perseverance in battle is drawn from patriotic feelings, our enemies paid great attention to the moral, psychological, and ideological training of the personnel of the newly formed units. That's why Almost all units and formations of collaborators received the names “national”, “liberation”, “people’s”. To carry out the tasks of developing moral and psychological stability and maintaining discipline in the collaborationist units, clergy and German ideologists were involved. Special attention was paid to information support, because it was necessary to change views on the content and essence of the ongoing armed struggle. These problems were solved, including by numerous media outlets. Almost all military units and the formations of traitors had their own press organs. The ROA of General Vlasov, for example, had its own organ, the People's Anti-Bolshevik Committee, which published newspapers in Berlin: For Peace and Freedom, For Freedom, Zarya, Fighter of the ROA, etc. In other military units, collaborators published special newspapers: “Soviet warrior”, “Front-line soldier”, etc., in which events happening at the front were skillfully falsified. For example, on the Leningrad Front, the newspaper “Red Army”, published in Berlin, was distributed under the guise of a newspaper of the front’s political department. On the first page of the newspaper is printed the slogan: “Death to the German occupiers,” and then the Supreme Commander’s Order No. 120, which prescribes: “All former MTS tractor drivers and tractor brigade foremen should be sent to their former places of work to carry out the sowing campaign. All former collective farmers born in 1910 and older must be demobilized from the Red Army.” On the second page of the newspaper there is a heading: “Warriors study the leader’s order.” Here, they say, in the speeches of the soldiers, the mediocrity of Comrade is noted. Stalin, and that “the place of every Red Army soldier has long been in the ranks of the ROA, which, under the leadership of Lieutenant General Vlasov, is preparing for battles with Judeo-Bolshevism.”

In Belarus, a newspaper was published, a copy of Pravda, with the slogan: “Long live the Union of Russia and Great Britain,” and then: “More than 5 million former Red Army soldiers have already surrendered.” Leaflets were sent to the partisans in the same form as the Soviet ones from Moscow, but on the back: “Come to the side of Germany,” “Cooperate with the German army,” “This is a pass for surrender.” Fake newspaper " New way"was published in Borisov, Bobruisk, Vitebsk, Gomel, Orsha, Mogilev. An exact copy of the Soviet front-line newspaper “For the Motherland” with anti-Soviet content was published in Bobruisk. In the Caucasus, the newspaper “Dawn of the Caucasus” was published, in Stavropol “Morning of the Caucasus”, “Free Kalmykia” in Elista, the organ of all highlanders of the Caucasus was “Cossack Blade”, etc. In a number of cases, this anti-Soviet propaganda and falsification achieved its goal.

16. Today, conscious and deliberate falsification of the results Great Patriotic Warand the Second World War in general, the historical victories of the Soviet people and their Red Army increased significantly. The goal is obvious - to take away the Great Victory from us, to consign to oblivion those atrocities and atrocities that were committed by the Nazis and their accomplices, traitors and traitors to their Motherland: Vlasovites, Banderaites, Caucasian and Baltic punitive forces. Today their barbarity is justified by the “struggle for freedom”, “national independence”. It looks blasphemous when the SS men from the Galicia division who were not killed by us are in law, receive additional pensions, and their families are exempt from paying housing and communal services. The day of liberation of Lvov, July 27, was declared “a day of mourning and enslavement by the Moscow regime.” Alexander Nevsky Street was renamed after Andrey Sheptytsky, the metropolitan of the Ukrainian-Greek Catholic Church, who in 1941 blessed the 14th Grenadier Division of the SS “Galicia” to fight the Red Army.

Today, the Baltic countries are demanding billions of dollars from Russia for the “Soviet occupation.” But have they really forgotten that the Soviet Union did not occupy them, but saved the honor of all three Baltic states from the inevitable fate of being part of the defeated Nazi coalition, and gave them the honor of becoming part of the common system of the countries that defeated fascism. In 1940, Lithuania received back the Vilna region with its capital, Vilnius, which had previously been taken away by Poland. Forgotten! It is also forgotten that the Baltic countries since 1940. By 1991, to create their new infrastructure, they received from the Soviet Union (in today's prices) 220 billion dollars. With the help of the Soviet Union, they created a unique high-tech production, built new power plants, including nuclear, providing 62% of all energy consumed, ports and ferries (3 billion dollars), airfields (Shauliai - 1 billion dollars), created a new merchant fleet, built oil pipelines, and completely gasified their countries. Forgotten! The events of January 1942 were consigned to oblivion, when traitors to the Motherland on June 3, 1944 burned to the ground the village of Pirgupis and the village of Raseiniai along with its inhabitants. The village of Audrini in Latvia, where today there is a NATO air force base, suffered the same fate: 42 courtyards of the village, along with the inhabitants, were literally wiped off the face of the earth. The Rezekne police, led by the beast in the guise of a man, Eichelis, managed to exterminate 5,128 residents of Jewish nationality by July 20, 1942. Latvian “fascist riflemen” from the SS army organize a solemn march every year on March 16th. A marble monument was erected to the executioner Eichelis. For what? Former punitive forces, SS men from the 20th Estonian division and Estonian policemen who became famous for the wholesale extermination of Jews, thousands of Belarusians and Soviet partisans, every year on July 6 they parade around Tallinn with banners, and the day of the liberation of their capital, September 22, 1944, is celebrated as a “day of mourning.” A granite monument was erected to the former SS colonel Rebana, to which children are brought to lay flowers. Monuments to our commanders and liberators have long been destroyed, the graves of our brothers-in-arms, patriotic front-line soldiers, have been desecrated. In Latvia, in 2005, vandals, unbridled with impunity, had already mocked the graves of fallen Red Army soldiers three times (!). Why, why are the graves of heroic soldiers of the Red Army desecrated, their marble slabs destroyed, and killed a second time? The West, the UN, the Security Council, Israel are silent and are not taking any measures. Meanwhile, the Nuremberg trials 11/20/1945-10/01/1946. for carrying out a conspiracy against Peace, humanity and the gravest war crimes, he sentenced Nazi war criminals not to death, but to hanging. The UN General Assembly on December 12, 1946 confirmed the legality of the sentence. Forgotten! Today in some CIS countries there is glorification and praise of criminals, punishers and traitors. May 9 is a historical day, the day of the Great Victory is no longer celebrated - a working day, and even worse, a “day of mourning”.

The time has come to give a decisive rebuff to these acts, not to praise, but to expose all those who, with weapons in their hands, became servants of the fascists, committed atrocities, and destroyed the elderly, women and children. The time has come to tell the truth about collaborators, enemy military, police forces, traitors and traitors to the Motherland.

Betrayal and treason have always and everywhere evoked feelings of disgust and indignation, especially betrayal of a previously given oath, a military oath. These betrayals and oath crimes have no statute of limitations.

17. On the temporarily occupied territory of the Soviet Union in 1941-1944. A truly nationwide struggle of Soviet honest people, partisans and underground fighters unfolded against numerous military formations from among the White emigrants, traitors and traitors to the Motherland, who became in the service of the fascists. How difficult it was for the Soviet people and the soldiers of the Red Army to fight, fighting, in fact, on two fronts - in front of the German hordes, in the rear - traitors and traitors.

Treason and betrayal during the sacred years Great Patriotic Warwere truly significant. Great human sacrifices, suffering and destruction were brought by collaborators, policemen and punitive forces. The attitude of the Soviet people towards betrayal, towards traitors to the Motherland, who took up arms on the side of the Nazis, Hitler’s Germany, who swore allegiance to Adolf Hitler, was unequivocal - hatred and contempt. The retribution that was deserved was met with popular approval; the criminals were brought to justice.

18. However, repaired over the years Great Patriotic Warthe monstrous atrocities and destruction on the temporarily occupied territory of the Soviet Union cannot be compared with the irrevocable losses and consequences of the betrayal committed during the period of the deliberate and purposeful collapse of the Great Superpower of the USSR.

World history does not know examples of treason and betrayal on such a scale and such consequences as it was in the Soviet Union in the late 80s and early 90s of the last century. During these years, an action unprecedented in its destructiveness took place. Gorbachev's treacherous policy, the notorious perestroika, far-fetched acceleration and new thinking - all this is nothing more than epochal idiocy.

When it became absolutely obvious that the policies of the traitor Gorbachev and his clique represented by the chief architect of perestroika, CIA agent A. Yakovlev, the traitor E. Shevardnadze and others would lead the country to irreparable collapse and collapse - the top of the Communist Party and the Soviet government began to save their skins, having taken the path of treason and betrayal of the interests of their country and their people. It was they, and also the leadership of the security forces (KGB, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Defense) who allowed the anti-people, anti-socialist forces to run amok and act in a fairly organized manner. These forces, under the false slogans of the struggle for freedom and democracy, for human rights, a developed market and the subsequent “heavenly life”, found support in the mindset of a part of the country’s population, mainly. The connivance and inactivity of the leadership of the party and state, and the security forces, made it possible to quickly create a “fifth column” from among the traitors and changelings, which was immediately headed and financed by the United States and the West. To eliminate its potential enemy and competitor - the Soviet Union, in an effort to rule the whole world in an American way, the United States did not spare trillions of dollars. In the early 90s, the United States nevertheless managed to achieve its goal, conceived back in the 50s - to defeat the Soviet Union in the Cold War. The goal was achieved with huge financial injections and ideological war, but at the hands of home-grown traitor democrats.

Taking advantage of the amazing inactivity and indecisiveness of President Gorbachev, and then the State Emergency Committee, the United States and the “fifth column” in the person of Yeltsin, Gaidar, Burbulis, Shakhrai and others were able to quickly take the initiative and power into their own hands. Power overnight passed into the hands of capitulators, opportunists, shifters, careerists and simply traitors. It was they who sent the Great Superpower along the path indicated by the United States - devastation, disasters, armed conflicts and even wars. There was complete capitulation and admiration for the United States and the West. Collaborators, traitors and traitors forcefully imposed capitalism on the peoples of the Soviet Union, managed to plunder and appropriate industrial giants, gold, oil, gas and land. But “Selling, trading land is like being a mother,” Leo Tolstoy said long ago.

Already created in Russia new class oligarchs, large owners and businessmen from those people who, in a cunning and clever way, contrived, in a moment of great unrest, to loot and steal everything that had been created for thousands of years and rightfully belonged to the entire people. These nouveau riche still form the basis of the new government in Russia.

19. Huge role The media played a role in these thieves' transformations, being a tool for manipulating public consciousness. In the gigantic counter-revolution, in the tragedy of the twentieth century, the corrupt media, pro-Western propaganda and information war, having received dollar funding and the active participation of the “fifth column” (ideological shifters, henchmen and simply scoundrels), managed to deceive the Soviet people with amazing, incomprehensible ease. People believed in the mafia of newspaper lines, false television propaganda, and were simply fooled. The people believed those loud promises to “get on the rails” and other provocative statements that, they say, “if you give us power, we will give you a prosperous life, prosperity, freedom and democracy, but just vote for us, otherwise you will lose.” The country was suddenly gripped by some kind of epidemic of stupidity, servile submission to the media and groveling before the “prosperous West.”

20. The magnitude of the crimes committed by modern traitors is enormous and cannot be measured by anything.

Over the past 15 years, Russia, the successor to the Soviet Union (except for Moscow and St. Petersburg), has found itself in ruin, the country has been economically set back many years. The absolute majority of the population found themselves in the abyss and poverty. Bribery and embezzlement have entangled the entire country. Corruption, robbery and murder still flourish today. Mortality exceeded birth rate. Millions of refugees and street children appeared. This has not happened even in yearsGreat Patriotic War. Drug addiction, prostitution, and human trafficking have emerged and reached unprecedented proportions. The number of gambling houses and brothels is countless. The people are in poverty, and in London, on the Cote d'Azur, there live 800 dollar millionaires who have fled from justice, including Yeltsin's daughter Tatyana. There are 33 dollar billionaires and 88 millionaires in Moscow. This is more than in any other city in the world.

Russia today ranks 62nd out of 177 countries in terms of welfare. In 2005, it dropped another 5 positions. In terms of state budget expenditures per schoolchild, Russia is in penultimate place in the world, ahead of Zimbabwe, but in terms of the number of dollar billionaires, it is in second place after the United States. But the state border and customs are being strengthened and are being depleted at a rapid pace Natural resources, international gas conflicts emerged. In general, the Russian economy remains far from the Soviet pre-perestroika level of 1990.

All this did not happen under the Soviet Union, and could not have happened due to the very nature of the progressive socialist way of life. If it were the Soviet Union, things wouldn't be any worse. The native country would live in a friendly family of peoples, without wars and refugees, without poverty and in prosperity, as the Chinese live today in their prosperous socialist country under the leadership of the Communist Party.