Applied master's and academic. What is an applied bachelor's degree and an academic bachelor's degree? Certificate of completion of the course

17.12.2023 -

Bachelor's degree is the first level of higher education, training on the basis of secondary complete education lasts four years, on the basis of secondary vocational education it can last three years. The first three years of undergraduate study involve training students as broad specialists, and only in the fourth year does it become possible to choose a specific profile. Upon completion of training, students receive a bachelor's degree in a specific field and a diploma of completed higher education. This diploma allows you to find employment in positions that require a higher education, while the lack of narrow specialization provides ample opportunities. Thus, Bachelor's degree is a higher education that fully complies with international standards.

In the Russian education system, the concepts of academic and applied bachelor's degrees were recently introduced.

Academic bachelor's degree- This is a classic form of education under a bachelor's degree program.
Applied Bachelor's Degree is an experimental educational program that involves, on a par with academic, training for four years. However, there are differences in the training programs themselves.

The applied bachelor's program is characterized by a focus on practical professional and theoretical training, which is actually a combination of secondary vocational and higher education programs. The purpose of the applied bachelor's degree is to prepare workers and specialists at a high technological level to work with complex computer technologies. In applied bachelor's degree programs, a lot of time is devoted to practical training of students at employers' enterprises, laboratory work and writing coursework.

After completing any type of bachelor's degree, graduates have the opportunity to continue receiving higher education at the second stage by enrolling in a master's program.

Higher education or higher professional education is not compulsory throughout the world, but it is precisely the level at which a person has fully mastered all the intricacies of his professional field.

A person can further develop in a scientific environment, receiving a scientific degree, but, most importantly, he fully developed. This is the most important point. You can often hear phrases among people that people with higher education are very different from people without it in their outlook on life, in their ability to express their thoughts, in their behavior, and even in their way of thinking. We can agree with this. Since it is the higher school that teaches life, in all respects.

What is an academic bachelor's degree?

Not so long ago (2014) in Russia, a division of bachelor’s degrees into academic and applied ones appeared. The division was introduced intentionally to reflect the specific focus of the program that the student listened to.

Bachelor is a degree or qualification awarded to students who have studied and received a diploma first stage of higher education. A bachelor's degree, in turn, is the process of studying in higher education, upon completion of which students receive a bachelor's degree diploma and appropriate qualifications. At the end of the training, to confirm the success of the studies, it is necessary to write a thesis and publicly defend it before the commission.

The main difference between a bachelor's degree and a master's degree or specialty is its goals and practical orientation. During the bachelor's degree, the student acquires all the basic knowledge and necessary skills that will be useful in professional activities at work in their specialty.

The master's program is based on the study of more complex issues, connections, and tasks in the main core subjects. This complication is due to the fact that after completing a master's degree, you can continue your studies in graduate school. Then doctoral studies, that is, continue scientific activities and receive academic degrees. Thus, both master's and bachelor's degrees receive a fundamental knowledge base, only in the master's degree it lends itself to more in-depth consideration. It is impossible to say which of these two stages is worse or better. Here the choice is entirely up to the applicant and depends on his views on life and his future. But if you still care about your level of literacy and education, go to study at universities.

Mastering the academic bachelor's degree program is focused on obtaining the entire fundamental base of theoretical knowledge in the chosen specialty. After training, the student is more focused on continuing research activities and enrolling in a master's program. The academic bachelor's degree continues the past traditions of the content of higher education; it can be called classical. Most often, in the first two years, specialized subjects are studied in parallel with general education subjects, only at a higher level, outside the school base and based on it.

This stage of education follows general secondary or vocational education and involves mastering the theoretical basis of the chosen direction and mastering all practical skills.

The higher education system has two levels. The first is obtaining a bachelor's level, and the second is studying in a master's program to achieve a master's level. At some universities you can also find a specialist level. This is something intermediate between a bachelor's and a master's degree. Now, according to the requirements for participants in the Bologna process, the qualification “specialist” is equivalent to “master”.

Ideally, these two steps are inseparable and follow one after the other. But it doesn't always happen like this. After receiving a bachelor's degree, most often this period of study lasts at least four years, you can complete your studies at a university. Just a few years ago in post-Soviet countries, a bachelor's degree was considered an incomplete higher education, but today it represents a full-fledged completed higher education, as in the rest of the world. Based on this, it becomes completely logical that a bachelor’s degree should provide the student with all the necessary basic and special knowledge in the profile.

What is an applied bachelor's degree?

A new introduction is the applied bachelor's degree. It is based on the training program practical professional activities. Thus, professional workers and high-level specialists are trained who will be able to understand the work with complex machines, electronic systems and devices. After studying, people can immediately go to work in production without additional training.

Such a basis makes it possible to solve problems of both a theoretical and practical nature in one’s own profile, which is necessary for further work and career growth.

During their studies, great emphasis is placed on practical training, which makes students more in demand among employers.

Common features of academic and applied bachelor's degrees

Common to academic and applied bachelor's degrees is the duration of study. Bachelor's degrees, regardless of type, last four years. At the end of the program, a diploma of completed higher education is issued indicating the type of bachelor's degree. In addition, there is the same acquisition of all necessary specialized knowledge, as it was before, in order to correspond to the level of completed higher education.

Main differences

The main differences between applied and academic bachelor's degrees are as follows:

The academic bachelor's degree is a theoretical basis, the applied bachelor's degree is practical skills.
An academic bachelor's degree involves continuing studies in a master's program; applied bachelor's degree - most often involves completing studies and getting a job.
Graduates of an academic bachelor's degree are selected on a competitive basis for admission to the master's program; Graduates of an applied bachelor's degree get a job, complete a certain period of work in their specialty, and only after that they can continue their studies in a master's program.

As a result of the information obtained, it can be noted that these types of bachelor’s degrees are practically different, although they have the same duration of study.

Modern technologies are developing very quickly, which means that the requirements that employers place on their employees are increasing every day. Many specialties in demand in modern industries require a significantly higher level of qualifications than before. A modern specialist must be able to operate high-tech equipment, understand drawings, be able to read instructions in foreign languages and work with information systems. In fact, this must be a highly qualified specialist with the knowledge of an engineer and the skills of a worker.

Educational programs of technical schools and colleges, aimed primarily at mastering practical methods and techniques of work, cannot provide training for specialists of this level. At the same time, university graduates, having received a good academic base over the years of study, often do not have experience working in real production conditions. Therefore, there was a need to create a new high-quality level of higher education on the basis of secondary vocational and higher educational institutions - an applied bachelor's degree.

What is an applied bachelor's degree?

The concept of “applied bachelor’s degree” began to be actively used only a few years ago - in 2009. This level of education is based on secondary vocational education (secondary vocational education) educational programs, aimed at mastering practical skills in production, in combination with higher education programs aimed at obtaining serious theoretical training. At the same time, the volume of the practical part of the program, including laboratory and practical classes, educational and industrial practice, is at least half of the total time allotted for training. In other words, the task of an applied bachelor's degree is to ensure that, along with a higher education diploma, young people receive a full set of knowledge and skills necessary to immediately, without additional internships, start working in their specialty.

Since, in fact, applied bachelor's degree programs are aimed at in-depth training of workers and specialists for high-tech sectors of the economy, employers are very interested in the experiment being successful. In many regions they are already actively involved in the development of curricula and plans. At the same time, industrial practice is carried out in employing organizations as part of students’ mastery of the main types of professional activities.

Training in applied bachelor's degree programs is provided by colleges, technical schools and higher education institutions (institutes and universities). You can enroll there either after the 11th grade of school (in this case, studying in an applied bachelor's degree will last 4 years), or after receiving specialized secondary vocational education (in this case, training will take place according to a shortened program according to an individual curriculum). At the same time, the applied bachelor's degree does not exclude the possibility of continuing further studies - if desired, its graduates will be able to enroll in a master's program.

About the experiment to create an applied bachelor's degree

On August 9, 2009, the Government of the Russian Federation issued Decree No. 667 “On conducting an experiment to create an applied bachelor’s degree in educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher vocational education.” Participants in the experiment were identified on the basis of a competitive selection organized by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science in 2010 with the aim of testing educational programs, interaction between educational institutions and employers, as well as improving the quality of vocational education in accordance with the needs of the labor market.

To participate in the competition, it was necessary to submit one applied bachelor's program developed on the basis of the federal state educational standard. In addition, it was necessary to justify the need for training under this program with the needs of enterprises in the region and support the justification with a cooperation agreement between the educational institution and the employer.

A total of 125 applications were submitted to the competition - 51 from higher educational institutions and 74 from secondary vocational education institutions. After carefully studying the applications, 102 educational institutions (37 universities and 65 colleges) from 47 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were allowed to participate in the competition.

The most applications for the creation of applied bachelor's degree programs were submitted in the following areas: “Metallurgy, mechanical engineering and materials processing” (17 applications), “Informatics and computer technology” (17 applications), “Economics and management” (16 applications), “Education and pedagogy" (14 applications), "Energy, power engineering and electrical engineering" (9 applications). As a result, 49 educational institutions located throughout the country received the right to participate in the experiment to create an applied bachelor’s degree.

It is too early to talk about any results of the experiment. At the moment, work is underway to clarify curricula and plans, mechanisms for interaction with employers are being worked out, and regulations are being prepared that are necessary to give the level of applied bachelor's degree official status. The final results of the experiment on introducing the applied bachelor's degree level will be summed up in 2014.

List of federal state educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher vocational education - winners of the competitive selection to participate in the experiment to create an applied bachelor's degree:

1. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Astrakhan College of Computer Science" (Computer systems and complexes).
2. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Vyatka State University” (Economics).
3. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Zheleznogorsk Mining and Metallurgical College" (Technical operation and maintenance of electrical and electromechanical equipment (by industry)).
4. FGOU SPO "Ivanovo Industrial and Economic College" (Automation of technological processes and production (by industry)).
5. FGOU SPO “Kazan Aviation Technical College named after. P.V. Dementyev" (Production of aircraft).
6. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Kazan State Technological University" (Chemical technology).
7. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education “Kaliningrad State College of Urban Planning” (Economics and Accounting (by industry)).
8. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Krasnogorsk State College" (Optical and optical-electronic devices and systems).
9. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Kurgan State College" (Economics and Accounting (by industry)).
10. State educational institution of secondary vocational education "Kamensk-Ural Polytechnic College" (Metallurgy of non-ferrous metals).
11. Educational institution Moscow Banking School (College) of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Banking).
12. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Moscow State Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation (Technical University)" (Information systems and technologies).
13. Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “National Research Technological University “MISiS” (Metallurgy).
14. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Neftekamsk Engineering College" (Mechanical Engineering Technology).
15. FGOU SPO "Novorossiysk College of Construction and Economics" (Power stations, networks and systems).
16. FGOU SPO “Novosibirsk Chemical-Technological College named after. D.I.Mendeleev" (Analytical quality control of chemical compounds).
17. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Orenburg State College" (Vocational training (by industry)).
18. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Pskov Agricultural College" (Electricity supply (by industry)).
19. State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education “Rostov-on-Don State College of Communications and Informatics” (Multichannel telecommunication systems).
20. FGOU SPO "Ryazan State Technological College" (Information systems (by industry)).
21. State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education “St. Petersburg State College of Physical Culture and Sports, Economics and Technology” (Physical Culture).
22. Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Siberian Federal University" (Psychological and pedagogical education).
23. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Smolensk Industrial and Economic College" (Mechanical Engineering Technology).
24. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education “Tver College named after. A.M. Konyaev" (Mechanical Engineering Technology).
25. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Tula State Technical College" (Automation of technological processes and production (by industry)).
26. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Tyumen State Oil and Gas University" (Information systems and technologies).
27. FGOU SPO "Khabarovsk Shipbuilding College" (Mechanical Engineering Technology).
28. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Cheboksary Electromechanical College" (Mechanical Engineering Technology).
29. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Chelyabinsk Assembly College" (Installation and technical operation of industrial equipment (by industry)).
30. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Yakut State Engineering and Technical Institute" (Programming in computer systems).
31. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Academy of National Economy under the Government of the Russian Federation” (Welding production).
32. FGOU SPO "Arkhangelsk Forestry College of Emperor Peter I" (Technical operation and maintenance of electrical and electromechanical equipment).
33. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Voronezh State University" (Electronics and nanoelectronics).
34. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education “Dmitrov State Polytechnic College” (Economics and Accounting).
35. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Kansky Technological College" (Information systems).
36. FGOU SPO "Kursk State Polytechnic College" (Banking).
37. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Krasnodar College of Humanities and Technology" (Vocational training).
38. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Mari State Technical University” (Computer systems and complexes).
39. State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Moscow State College of Information Technologies" (Programming in computer systems).
40. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Moscow State Pedagogical University" (Pedagogical education).
41. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Nizhnekamsk Petrochemical College" (Oil and gas processing).
42. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Penza State University" (Instrument Engineering).
43. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Russian State Social University" (Psychology).
44. FGOU SPO "St. Petersburg Technical College of Management and Commerce" (Maintenance and repair of radio-electronic equipment).
45. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrument Engineering" (Electrical machines and devices).
46. Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Saratov Financial and Technological College" (Economics and Accounting).
47. State educational institution of secondary vocational education "Uvarovsky Chemical College" (Information systems).
48. Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin" (Welding production).
49. Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation (banking).

The needs of the modern Russian labor market are extremely diverse, but employers agree on one thing: they need highly qualified personnel - from workers to research scientists. In order to focus professional education on solving this problem, the Russian government in 2009 announced an experiment to create an applied bachelor's degree in educational institutions of higher and middle management.

The essence of an applied bachelor's degree is to raise the status of non-university education by equating certain specialties of technical schools and colleges that correspond to the innovative development of the economy with higher education. “A number of industries and activities have become so complicated that now in some cases it is necessary to train in higher technologies,” Igor Remorenko, director of the Department of State Policy and Legal Regulation in Education of the Ministry of Education and Science, explained the need for the experiment. - If earlier a steelmaker walked with a stick and stirred the molten metal, now he sits at a computer and regulates the welding process using complex technologies. It’s the same with welders.”

Students will study for four years, after which they will receive a diploma of higher education. Tuition is paid for from the federal budget.

The concept for the creation and development of applied bachelor’s degrees, developed at FIRO, states that the qualifications of graduates will correspond to the sixth level of the National Qualifications Framework of the Russian Federation, and they will be unique specialists in the country’s labor market.

According to the plan of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the first two years of the experiment are devoted to the development of appropriate programs and changes to “legitimize this level of education.”

At one time, 125 educational institutions expressed their desire to take part in this promising new business. But only 7 universities and 23 colleges received this honor.

The first and only intake of applicants for applied bachelor's programs took place in 2010. And now the first year of the experiment is coming to an end. What did he show? What conclusions did you come to? Participants in the express survey give their answers to these and some other questions.

What kind of specialists are trained in applied bachelor's programs at your educational institution?
How do applied bachelor's programs differ from academic bachelor's and vocational education programs? What advantages do they have?
What conditions must an educational institution implementing an applied bachelor's degree program meet?
What did the first year of the experiment show? What conclusions did you come to?
What challenges did your school encounter while participating in the experiment? What kind of help and from whom would you like to receive?

1 We have developed an applied bachelor's degree program for the specialty “Power plants, networks and systems.” It assumes that during the training, students will gain knowledge, skills and abilities that will allow them to carry out work on maintenance, operation, repair, adjustment and testing of electrical equipment, organize and ensure the operation of power supply systems for enterprises of any profile. The objects of professional activity of graduates will be power plants, electric power systems and networks, as well as power supply systems in various industries.

2 Applied bachelor's degree - a new level of training. Employers and representatives of the secondary vocational education system proposed its creation. The labor market is not ready to accept a significant portion of graduates from technical schools and colleges, because today their competencies do not meet production requirements. This is one of the reasons for the emergence of an applied bachelor's degree. In addition, technologies in a number of industries are becoming so complex that secondary education is not enough for them. A qualified specialist must not only perform a set of operations, but also have an equally good command of theory and practice, understand changes in technology and respond adequately to them. At the same time, he does not need much theoretical knowledge from a university, which means that an applied bachelor’s degree saves time on studying. Applied bachelors are more important for the country, and they, of course, will be in demand on the labor market, unlike managers and lawyers, who are trained in every second university.

In the applied bachelor's program, the volume of practical training of the student (educational and industrial practice, practical classes, laboratory and course work and projects) will be at least 50 percent of the total time allotted for training, and practical training is expected to be carried out directly with employers. An applied bachelor will be able to immediately begin his official duties, because he is focused directly on their implementation. I am convinced that the new form of education will be more popular than the usual one.

3 Without the appropriate conditions, we definitely would not have been among the winners. Our college is a very large educational institution, which provides training in 34 specialties of secondary vocational education at basic and 3 advanced levels and 51 professional training programs. We train accountants, hotel administrators, sales floor cashiers, gas-electric welders, car repair mechanics, plasterers and painters using Knauf technologies, etc. In 2010, we opened a department of distance technologies, where we train 309 people, some of them are students with disabilities. The resource base also meets modern requirements: 2 educational buildings, an educational hotel, a printing department, 2 workshops with modern equipment, an auto center, a sports complex, 2 dormitories. Good conditions have been created for students with disabilities, including barrier-free access to buildings.

The experience of the educational institution is widely used in the vocational education system of the region.

Participation in the national project “Education” contributed to the preparation for the experiment. One of the few in Russia, the Novorossiysk College of Construction and Economics has won the competition twice. During the implementation of innovative programs, more than 5 million rubles were spent on equipping electrical power specialties alone. This made it possible to update educational and laboratory equipment and instruments, teaching aids and literature, and modernize the entire classroom fund of the electrical engineering department.

The list of purchased equipment was agreed upon with future employers, thanks to which it complies with production requirements. This is evidenced by the expert opinions of leading specialists from specialized enterprises.

The degree of novelty of the educational and methodological support of the disciplines is 100 percent.

Students have access to library collections, educational and methodological complexes in all disciplines of the applied bachelor's degree program, databases on the profile of study, information reference and search systems (Consultant Plus, Tekhnormativ, etc.). Training within the framework of applied bachelor's degree is conducted by teachers with the highest qualification category. A lot of attention is paid to internships and advanced training.

The college was one of the first in the city, and in the region too, to form mechanisms for interaction with the labor market. About 30 leading enterprises of the city are its social partners. Together with them, there is an active search for learning technologies that provide optimal integration of educational and practical activities. The results of this work can significantly increase the mobility of graduates in the labor market.

4 The applied bachelor's degree experiment is being implemented in close cooperation with the South Russian State Technical University (Novocherkassk Polytechnic Institute) and employers. Preliminary applications for graduates were received even when the programs were just being compiled. Agreements have been concluded for internships for teachers, practical training for students on the premises and equipment of such well-known enterprises as OJSC Kubanenergo, South-Western Electric Networks, NESK-Electrical Networks, Novorossiysk Electric Networks. It is also planned to involve teachers from a technical university and leading specialists from enterprises in teaching disciplines, managing production practices, participating in intermediate certification and in the work of the state certification commission.

5 The first year of the experiment is ending. Students studying in the applied bachelor's program successfully passed the winter session, showing a fairly high level of knowledge. But there are certain difficulties associated with conscription into the army. This year 5 students left to serve. Where should these young people study upon their return, since admission to the applied bachelor's degree is carried out once?

All other issues can be resolved. In June we plan to hold a meeting of the coordinating council on the implementation of the main professional educational program of applied bachelor's degree and develop proposals on topical issues related to the problems of the experiment.

1-5 Our college is one of the largest educational institutions in the system of secondary vocational education, training specialists in the field of high-tech engineering production. Currently, 1,611 people are studying here in 16 specialties.

In 2007, the college created an innovative educational program, which was among the winners of the competition within the framework of the priority national project “Education”. The topic of the program is “Modern secondary vocational education in the field of information technology to ensure the life cycle of engineering production technology.” In essence, this was a modern model of interaction between colleges and social partners, providing for the training of qualified personnel with the necessary set of innovative specialties and specializations. In accordance with this model, the main elements of the college's educational system were radically reorganized: programs, educational and laboratory facilities, specialized workshops. On this new basis, research, development, design and production activities of students and teachers are organized. The idea of creating a system for training specialists capable of solving modern production problems and quickly adapting to the real sector of the economy has been implemented.

In addition, the college has developed, implemented and certified a quality management system (QMS) that meets the requirements of the international standard ISO 9001:2000. Work in this direction was due to the fact that the base enterprise OJSC Neftekamsk Automobile Plant has an International QMS certificate.

As part of the experiment, the college is implementing a basic professional program in the specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology”.

When preparing personnel for an applied bachelor's degree program, the integration of vocational education and production is of particular importance. When forming this program, the main types of professional activities contained in the state educational standard were supplemented by two new ones, created jointly with employers. Additional general and professional competencies are also agreed upon with production workers. Employers confirmed with applications the need to train appropriate personnel, indicated the positions that young specialists would occupy, and also guaranteed that they would provide students and graduates with places for educational and industrial practice and subsequent employment.

In agreement with specialists from the Ufa State Aviation University, when forming the main educational program of an applied bachelor's degree, the variable part of the state educational standard of secondary vocational education (50 percent) was used to strengthen the professional theoretical training of students in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard in this area of higher professional education. This significantly distinguishes an applied bachelor's program from an academic one.

The main educational program is implemented by teachers who have a higher education corresponding to the profile of the taught discipline (module) and are systematically engaged in scientific or scientific-methodological activities. For teachers who are responsible for students’ mastery of the professional cycle, practical experience at mechanical engineering enterprises is a prerequisite. They are trained at the Neftekamsk Automobile Plant under programs created with the participation of enterprise specialists, including representatives of foreign companies Messer, Polimag, Andon, Heisse, Trumpf, Fronius, TransCut.

The approach to selecting training content has changed, since it was the specialists and mentors of base enterprises who identified new types of professional activities and developed a list of professional competencies and modules that are adequate to the modern level of development of technology. Students must master modern methods of laser and plasma processing, robotic systems and automatic lines, high-tech welding, advanced technologies for processing metals on CNC machines, learn to apply energy-saving technologies in the development and serial production of units and components for machines.

It is also planned that leading specialists of base enterprises will take an active part in shaping the topics and content of students’ coursework and diploma works, and will correlate them with the innovative requirements of production.

The first year of the experiment revealed the following positive aspects:

the possibility of effective integration of higher and middle-level institutions while maintaining the independence and uniqueness of secondary vocational education at the federal level;
active dialogue between the educational community and employers in determining types of professional activities, general and professional competencies;
the readiness of the engineering and teaching staff of the college to solve assigned problems, the ability to self-improvement.

Problems also appeared:

lack of a coordinating body to control the progress of the experiment;
weak normative and methodological support for educational institutions;
lack of stimulation for experimentation;
loss of a contingent of students due to conscription into the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the inability to train them in the future under the applied bachelor's degree program;
unclear mechanism for conducting final state certification together with the university.

1-5 The concept of “applied bachelor’s degree” is relatively new and has not yet been formalized by law, like the experiment itself, announced on August 19, 2009 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 667 “On conducting an experiment to create an applied bachelor’s degree in educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher professional education "

Judging by the draft concept, the experiment is carried out to solve the following problems:

not to lose practice orientation when introducing level higher education;
to exclude excess of the permissible level of costs of employing organizations associated with the further education of graduates;
to formulate the focus of educational programs of universities on practice-oriented results and experience in their adaptation to the requirements of professional standards;
reduce the time it takes young people to enter the labor market in conditions of the demographic crisis;
reduce the risk of employment of graduates;
expand the variability and reduce duplication of educational programs at the levels of secondary and higher professional education.

When designing an experimental program in the specialty “Economics and Accounting (by Industry),” we took into account that we should not mechanically combine programs developed on the basis of state educational standards for higher professional education and secondary vocational education. We took the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education (bachelor's degree) as a basis and included in the program the disciplines that are regulated by it, as well as professional modules aimed at developing the graduate's readiness to perform certain types of professional activities (due to the hours of the variable part). Based on an analysis of the regional labor market and the specifics of the college, we chose the areas (industries) - construction and housing and communal services. The program was developed taking into account new forms of management and current trends in these industries.

The applied bachelor's degree program refers to first-level higher professional education programs leading to obtaining professional qualifications.

The fundamental difference between applied bachelor's programs and advanced secondary vocational training programs is the strengthening of theoretical training to the level of higher education. Theoretical training is carried out on the basis of the Kaliningrad State Technical University and by the teaching staff of this university. Qualification, in contrast to an academic degree, is the result of mastering an applied bachelor's degree program, and its distinctive feature is achieved due to the special content of the program. Requirements are determined depending on the needs of the labor market. Currently, the college is actively cooperating with the regional Union of Builders to monitor professional competencies as part of the general monitoring of the experiment.

Experimental programs are being implemented in difficult conditions of the transition to third-generation standards, the absence of a regulatory framework and centralized control of the experiment.

That is why we have to talk about difficulties rather than successes. In some regions, half of the recruited group of 30 people remained, since students are drafted into the ranks of the Russian Army and are deprived of the opportunity to continue their studies in the applied bachelor's degree program upon completion of service. The constitutional right to education is being violated.

The package of normative legal documentation regulating the implementation of applied bachelor's degree programs has not been approved. The mechanisms for interaction between participants in the experiment and the financing of the program have not been fully developed; there are a number of legal incidents. If officials are “impenetrable,” this could lead to negative consequences for the student. The question of the form of the diploma remains open, since it has not been approved. The applied bachelor's degree program is more expensive than existing bachelor's degree programs. You have to pay for advanced training, program supervision, computerization, additional payments to teachers and much more. Payments are made from extra-budgetary funds of the college. In the future, costs are planned for the examination of programs, CIMs, peer review, publication of literature, etc. In our opinion, it is necessary to provide additional funding for the experiment.

In addition, the general problems that educational institutions in other regions encountered in the first year of the experiment include the following:

the formal desire of employers to participate in the implementation and monitoring of the program, the formalism of agreements;
lack of productive mechanisms for interaction between all subjects of the experiment. Thus, we have a number of problems that require immediate solutions.

On April 20-21, an interregional seminar-workshop “Development of mechanisms for implementing applied bachelor’s degree programs” was held at the Technological College No. 14 in Moscow. The discussion showed that the problems listed above are of a general nature. However, the seminar participants unanimously noted that despite the difficulties they encountered during the implementation of the project, applied bachelor's degree has a future. A year of work under experimental conditions significantly increased the level of competence of both teachers and managers. A new generation of educational and methodological materials have been developed, and innovative pedagogical technologies are being tested. Approaches to social partnership are changing, and the role of the employer in the educational process is strengthening. The educational institution independently determines the trajectory of the program. All of the above allows us to hope that the mission of the applied bachelor’s degree will be fulfilled, and the experiment, with appropriate organizational and scientific support, has a good future.

The Russian education system is based on the Bologna methodology. If desired, a student can complete a bachelor's, specialist's or master's degree. As part of the bachelor's degree, it is possible to complete an applied or academic form. In this regard, the question arises about what it is and how one form differs from another.

In order to characterize applied and academic bachelor's degrees and their differences, it is necessary to understand the current system of higher education in Russia.

On September 12, 2013, the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation “On approval of lists of specialties and areas of training in higher education” was adopted. According to this document, the following levels of higher education are distinguished:

Bachelor's degree lasts 4 years;
Specialty;
Master's degree.

Note! Receiving higher education in the Russian Federation is not mandatory. It indicates the acquisition of professional knowledge and skills in the chosen field. Thanks to a diploma of higher education, a graduate can apply for a prestigious job in his current specialty.

In order to enroll in a university for a bachelor's degree, a complete secondary education is sufficient. A certificate of receipt is issued after completing 11 grades at school. A graduate of a college or technical school can also apply for a bachelor's degree. In this case, the period of study at the educational institution is taken into account. At the same time, the study period at the university is reduced to 3 years.

In addition to bachelor's degrees, the Russian education system includes master's and specialty degrees. A bachelor's degree differs from a master's degree and a specialist's degree not only in the number of years of study.

The difference lies in the amount of information provided to the learner. A bachelor's degree is the starting point for enrollment in a specialty or master's degree.

At the same time, a master's degree is required to obtain academic degrees. In accordance with the requirements that were presented to the participants of the Bologna process, the specialist was equated to the qualification of a master. As a result of training, a specialist has the right to receive an academic degree based on the results of writing scientific papers.

Application Form

The applied bachelor's degree program is a relatively new type. At the time of its approval, the question of a 3-year or 4-year period of study was decided. As a result of the debate, it was decided to create a training course for 4 years. This time period is considered optimal for obtaining the required academic level of education.

When choosing between these options, future students give preference to the applied form. This is due to the opportunity to find a job without delay after graduation. In the labor market, an applied bachelor's degree has many more advantages than an academic one.

According to current practice, a bachelor does not have a specific qualification. Based on the results of training in the applied form, the student receives an education with a focus on the practical side of the issue. Such organization of the educational process assigns a qualification level to the student.

Important! This is a training program based solely on the principles of practical professional activity.

Based on the results of the educational process, high-level specialists and professional workers are graduated. The difference between a graduate of an applied bachelor's degree lies in his ability to understand the functioning of complex devices, electronic systems and machines.

The practical type, unlike the academic one, allows the student to go into production immediately after graduation. The specialist will not need to complete additional training courses.

His knowledge and skills will be enough for successful work and career advancement.

The main thing that makes the applied type stand out is the emphasis on the practical aspects of production. This is manifested in the student obtaining applied qualifications in the chosen profession. Such a program creates increased demand from employers.

Among the specialties for which there is training for an applied bachelor, it is customary to highlight the following areas:

cartographic;
chemical;
environmental;
geoinformatics;
ship weapons;
architectural;
optotechnical;
advertising;
materials science;
management;
sociological;
choreographic;
economic;
social work;
informatics;
document management;
materials science;
computer technology.

Within the framework of applied bachelor's degree, there is a question about its equivalence to training in colleges and technical schools. This is due to the 3-3.5 year duration of study at these institutions. Despite the relatively similar period, graduating from a technical school or college does not provide the necessary qualifications.

Useful video: applied bachelor's degree

Academic uniform

This is a curriculum that is based on the formation of a theoretical basis. The theoretical foundation is created in a variety of disciplines within the framework of the training course. There is no practical activity in the academic form. It is understood that the basic skills necessary for successful work will be acquired by the specialist during the internship. An academic bachelor receives practical skills directly at the time of performing his duties.

For the academic type there is a 4-year training period. During this period of time, the bachelor undergoes preparation for. This form serves as a starting point for subsequent admission to the master's program.

Note! The academic program is no different from the applied one. A significant difference lies in the maximum inclusion of applied bachelors in the production process.

Similarities and differences

The common thing that connects academic and applied bachelor's degrees is the length of the educational process. The duration of both forms of education is 4 years.

The similarities include a higher education diploma. In case of successful completion, the graduate is issued a document. It indicates the type of bachelor's degree within which the training was completed.

It is noted that a relatively identical level of specialized knowledge and theoretical information is obtained. For the optimal choice between applied and academic bachelor's degrees, it is necessary to find out their fundamental difference.

Among the significant differences it is customary to highlight:

Novelty in the emergence of a form of training. The academic version is the traditional form. The applied option is a relatively new type in Russian education.
The difference is in the prevalence of theoretical or practical basis in the curriculum. For the academic form, the emphasis on theory is relevant. For the applied option, practical skills are more important.
Ways to further develop as a specialist. Based on the results of the academic form, studying for a master's degree is allowed. Practical education marks the end of the educational process with employment in the specialty.
Possibility of entering a master's program. The academic form allows you to immediately submit documents for admission to the master's program. After practical training, it is required to obtain work experience in the chosen specialty, after which master’s studies are permitted.

Note! The main thing that distinguishes applied bachelor's degrees from academic ones is the presence of practical skills, knowledge, and skills. All this is reflected in qualifications and in the possibility of further education to obtain an academic degree.

Useful video: is it worth going to a master's program after a bachelor's degree?

Conclusion

In the Russian education system there are both academic and applied bachelor's degrees. Their difference lies in the amount of theoretical and practical knowledge acquired by students. The choice of form depends on the goals of the future specialist.

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