v parsing compound sentence(SSP)

Analysis plan:

2. Find the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex one, draw up a BSC diagram.

• by type complex sentence– compound compound (CCP);
• indicate what coordinating conjunction connects simple sentences as part of a complex one;

1[You are many years late], but 2[I’m still glad to see you] (A. Akhmatova)

Offer outline:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex, consists of two simple sentences connected by the coordinating conjunction BUT with the meaning of opposition; A comma is placed before the conjunction but.

v syntactic analysis of complex sentences (CSS)

Analysis plan:

1. Underline the main members of the sentence (subject and predicate) and indicate how they are expressed (which part of speech).

2. Find the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex one, draw up an IPS diagram.

3. Describe the proposal:

• according to the purpose of the statement - narrative, motivating, interrogative;
• by intonation – exclamatory, non-exclamatory;
• in terms of the number of basics - complex;
• by type of complex sentences - complex sentences (CC);
• indicate the number of simple sentences in a complex sentence;
• indicate what kind of conjunction or allied word connects simple sentences as part of a complex one;
• type of subordinate clause – explanatory, attributive, adverbial (with subtypes);
• explain punctuation marks.

An example of parsing a simple sentence:

1[The boys looked after the truck], 2(until it drove away from the intersection).

Offer outline:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex, consists of two simple sentences, the first simple is the main one; simple sentences as part of a complex sentence are connected by the conjunctive word BYE, these are SPPs with an adverbial adverbial measure and degree. Between first and second simple sentences there is a comma.

v syntactic analysis of a complex non-conjunction sentence (CSP)

Analysis plan:

1. Underline the main members of the sentence (subject and predicate) and indicate how they are expressed (which part of speech).

2. Find the boundaries of simple sentences within a complex one, draw up a BSP diagram.

3. Describe the proposal:

• according to the purpose of the statement - narrative, motivating, interrogative;
• by intonation – exclamatory, non-exclamatory;
• in terms of the number of basics - complex;
• by type of complex sentences - non-union (BSP);
• indicate the number of simple sentences in a complex sentence;
• indicate a means of connecting simple sentences as part of a complex one - semantic or intonation connection;
• explain punctuation marks.

An example of parsing a simple sentence:

Our conversation began with slander: I began to sort through our acquaintances who were present and absent.

Offer outline:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-conjunctive, consists of two simple sentences related in meaning; a colon is placed in the sentence, since the second part of the BSP indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.

Every day school curriculum gradually leaves our mind and many simple things can be misleading. The rules of the Russian language cause such difficulties most often. And even such a thing as a complex sentence can lead an adult into a dead end. This article will help you study or update your mind on this topic.

Compound sentence

A complex sentence (CCS) is one in which the parts are connected coordinating connection, which is expressed by coordinating conjunctions. In this case, all elements are equal and independent.

Division by meaning of conjunctions of a complex sentence

1. Connective: and, yes (=and: bread and salt), yes and, and..and.., not only..but also, like..so and;
2. Dividing: either, or..or, either, then..that, either..either, not that..not that;
3. Adverse: a, but, yes (=but: handsome, but stupid), but, however.

When children at school are just introduced to the types of sentences, only the three groups of coordinating conjunctions described above are distinguished. However, in high school Students identify three more groups:

1. Gradational: not only, not so much..as much, not so much..ah, not so much..but also;
2. Explanatory: namely, that is;
3. Connective: moreover, moreover, yes and, too, also.

Thus, a complex sentence is distinguished with connecting conjunctions, disjunctive and adversative, as well as additionally with gradational conjunctions, explanatory and connecting.

Compound sentences: examples and diagrams

After the weekend he felt better and made a complete recovery.

Scheme: (), and (). Compound sentence with conjunction And shows the sequence of actions.

Every day he had to do homework or help his mother with housework.

Scheme: () or (). Dividing Andwhether mutually exclusive events.

Now you shoot something, and I’ll make a fire.

Scheme: (), and (). Union A– adversative, which means there is opposition in the sentence.

Not only her relatives admired her intelligence, but also complete strangers.

Scheme: not only (), but also (). This compound sentence structure divides events by significance and importance.

His leg was broken, meaning he could no longer continue on his own.

Scheme: (), that is (). There is an explanatory conjunction that is.

We have to do this, and we have very little time.

Scheme: (), moreover (). Union besidesprovides additional facts and information.

Punctuation in complex sentences

In BSC, elements are separated by commas, semicolons, or dashes.

The most common punctuation mark is comma. It is placed before both single and repeated coordinating conjunctions:

Let it be as God pleases, but the law must be fulfilled.

Scheme: (), and ().

Either I'll come tomorrow, or you come.

Scheme: or (), or ().

Semicolon used when BSC elements are very common and commas are already used:

The boy was happy about the new kite, ran after it and was the most happy man; and the elements were already preparing to pour rain, disperse the wind and break tree branches.

Scheme: (); A ().

A semicolon can also be used when a sentence has more than one part:

I have this opinion, and you – other; and each of us is right in our own way.

Scheme: (), a (); And ().

Dash is put when parts of a complex sentence have a sharp opposition or a sharp change of events:

The hall froze for a second – and immediately there was wild applause.

Scheme: () – and ().

When punctuation marks are not used

The parts of the BSC are:

1. Interrogative: When will you be in town again and dare I ask for a meeting?
2. Incentive: Do everything well and may you cope with everything.
3. Exclamation: You are so great and I like everything so much!
4. Named: Cold and wind. Stuffiness and heat.
5. Impersonal offers:It's cold and windy. Stuffy and sultry.

Middle and high school students regularly face the problem of how to conduct an analysis in the Russian literary language.

Parsing is done in accordance with a certain scheme. This topic in the school course allows identify sentence structure, characterize it, which reduces punctuation illiteracy.

What does parsing show?

There are four main types of parsing: phonetic, morphological, compositional and syntactic. The latter is understood as the analysis or parsing of syntactic units with primary highlighting the grammatical basis. The analysis is carried out according to the approved algorithm of actions: highlight the terms + characterize them + draw a diagram.

Schoolchildren, having studied eleven grades, sometimes do not know what parsing a sentence is. They talk about analysis as analysis by composition. This is incorrect, since only individual lexemes are analyzed according to their composition. As for a bunch of words expressing a complete thought, then in elementary school the process is called analysis of proposals by members. However, in middle and high school it takes on a deeper meaning. Based on this, it is necessary to remember once and for all that analysis of sentences by composition is not carried out in Russian language classes.

The answer here is obvious - everyone knows the subject, indicating an object or object, and the predicate - to actions performed first. To make the speech clearer and the statement complete, the main members are supplemented by secondary ones, which have a set of features.

The secondary members of the sentence allow us to reveal a holistic picture of the events taking place. Their goal is to explain describe the actions of the main predecessors.

At the next stage, you will have to parse the proposal according to. Here we mean how its members are expressed. Each has several options, you need to choose the right one by asking the question:

• vile – noun, place;
• tale - ch., cr. adj., noun;
• def. – adj., place., number;
• add. – noun, place;
• obst. – adverb, noun. with a pretext.

Taking into account the above, a more or less clear idea emerges of what syntactic parsing of a sentence is. In short, it is a complex analysis of related lexemes that express a complete thought.

Characteristics of syntactic units

You need to know the criteria that a lexeme has in order to implement detailed description. The characteristics of a sentence in the text presuppose a certain algorithm.

Define the type:

• according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive);
• by emotional-expressive coloring (by intonation) - exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

We find the grammatical basis.

We talk sequentially about each member of the sentence and the means of their expression.

We describe the structure of a syntactic unit. For a simple sentence:

• by composition: one-part (defined-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal, nominative) or two-part;
• by prevalence: widespread or not widespread;
• by completeness: complete or incomplete.
• what is complicated: homogeneous members, interjections, address, introductory constructions.

Determine which This type includes a complex sentence:

• compound sentences (CCS) - they are indicated by simple parts connected by a coordinating conjunction;
• complex sentences (CSS) - we establish the main word, as well as the subordinate word, based on the question and the peculiarity of construction (what the subordinate word refers to, how the subordinate word is attached), we determine the type of the latter;
• non-union complex sentence (BCS) - we establish how many simple parts the syntactic unit consists of, determining the meaning of each (simultaneity, sequence, opposition, etc.).

We give the reasoning for why we put these are the punctuation marks.

If the task involves drawing up a diagram, then we do it.

It is more difficult to parse a complex sentence.

There's more here parameters for analysis.

After the complex sentence from the examples has been parsed into simple parts, we proceed to analyze each of them separately.

Following the algorithm, the student will not have problems completing the task number 4.

How to make a diagram

It is not always enough to parse a simple sentence correctly to get an excellent grade. The student must also be able to draw up diagrams of the units being described.

1. Highlight the subject by underlining it with one line, and the predicate with two lines.
2. Find the minor members, underlining them according to generally accepted rules.
3. Sentences with a revolution or participle are highlighted as follows and are indicated in the final diagram. The participial phrase is highlighted on both sides by vertical lines, and a dot/dotted line is emphasized. Participial phrase stands out on both sides with vertical lines, and is emphasized by a wavy line.
4. The conjunction is not included in the scheme of a complex sentence; it is taken outside the framework of the stem. But complex sentences include it in the subordinate clause. Unions and allied words enclosed in an oval.

Important! Before you draw up a sentence diagram, you need to learn how to graphically designate homogeneous members. They are enclosed in a circle, and an address that is not a member of a syntactic unit is designated in the diagram by the letter “O” and separated by two vertical lines. Do the same with introductory words.

Scheme of proposal It’s easy to make up direct speech. Here it is important to separate one part from the other, i.e. the author's words from direct speech, placing appropriate punctuation marks between them.

Example of parsing a simple sentence

Let's write down an example and start analyzing.

I have not seen a lake more magnificent than Baikal.

Stage I: analysis of the proposal by members:

• “I” – vile, expressed personal. places;
• “Didn’t see” – simple ch. tale, expressed verb. will express it in the form. incl. past vr.;

Stage II: Let's find out which members of the sentence form the grammatical basis. Here it will be “I didn’t see”, so we are dealing with a simple sentence.

IN specific example all minor members joined the predicate:

• didn’t see (what?) the lake – additional, expressed noun. in R.P.;
• lake (which one?) is more magnificent – ​​disagree, def, expressed adj. in compare degrees;
• more magnificent than (what?) Baikal – additional, expressed noun. in R.P.

Stage III: at the end of the process they give general characteristics simple sentence in Russian:

• by structure - two-part, widespread, complete;
• according to the purpose of the statement - narrative;
• intonation - non-exclamatory, therefore, at the end there is a punctuation mark - a period.

Stage IV: syntactic analysis a simple sentence presupposes the scheme [- =].

More problems are caused by the syntactic parsing of sentences with participles. See his examples below.

Sample: Behind the swamp, blazing with birches, a grove was visible.

Characteristics: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate dep. about.

Scheme: [, I adverbial phrase I, = — ].

Syntactic units complicated by homogeneous members and phrases are parsed in a similar way.

Simple sentences with participles should receive an objective assessment. They indicate which member the entire turn is, then its parts are parsed into words.

Sample: The moon had just emerged from behind a hill and was illuminating the translucent, small, low clouds.

Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, homogeneous tales. connected by a non-repeating conjunction “and”, therefore a comma is not placed between them, but commas must be placed between definitions, they have a non-union connection, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous tales. and def.

Scheme: [- = and = O, O, O].

Analysis of complex sentences

Home exercises in Russian regularly contain a mandatory task under the number 4. There are various examples here: SSP, SPP, BSP.

Always, when parsing a complex sentence, you need to start it with finding the grammatical basis.

Complex sentences need to be analyzed based on the definition of the main and subordinate clauses.

The analysis of syntactic units with several subordinate clauses is carried out according to the general plan, as it would be done analysis of the proposal by composition, but indicating the type of subordination and the combination of these types. Below are samples complex sentences with examples, with diagrams, clearly demonstrating analysis.

Sample SPP with sequential obedience: The kids reported that they picked those daisies that their grandmother loved.

Characteristics: narrative, non-vocal, complex, conjunction, its parts are connected by a subordination with sequential subordination, consists of two simple ones.

Scheme: [- =], (which = (which = -).

Sample BSC: Life is given once, and you want to live it cheerfully, meaningfully, beautifully.

Characteristics: narrative, non-vocal, complex sentence, has two grammatical stems, conjunctive, complex. The conjunction “and” expresses simultaneity. The 2nd simple sentence is complicated by homogeneous objects. condition.

Scheme: [- =], and [=].

BSP sample: The wind howls, thunder rumbles.

Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, complex non-union.

Scheme: [- =], [- =].

Parsing a simple sentence

How to parse

Conclusion

If you have sentences and examples with diagrams before your eyes, then visual memory automatically works. This helps well on control dictations and independent ones. This way you can learn automatically and parse accurately proposals (if the examples are chosen correctly) cover all the criteria necessary for the analysis.

Instructions

At the first stage, you need to parse the sentence into members and underline them: the subject - with one line, the predicate - with two, - with a wavy line, the complement - with a dotted line, and the adverbial - with alternating dashes and dots. Sometimes it is also necessary to indicate the connections between the members of the proposal and ask questions to each of them.

If the sentence is simple, indicate the type of predicate: simple (PGS), compound verb (CGS) or compound nominal (CIS). If there are several, indicate the type of each of them. If, however, number each of its parts and draw up a diagram of this sentence, indicating the means of communication (and allied words). In addition, indicate the types of subordinate clauses (definitive, explanatory or adverbial clauses: clauses of time, place, cause, effect, condition, purpose, concession, comparison, manner of action, measure and degree or connecting) and the types of relations between them (sequential, parallel or homogeneous ).

Next, describe the sentence, indicating its type by purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative or motivating), by intonation (exclamatory or non-exclamatory) and by quantity (simple or complex: , complex, non-conjunctive). If the sentence is simple, continue the analysis, indicating the type by the number of main members (two-part or one-part: nominative, definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal or impersonal), by the presence of members (widespread or non-extended), by the presence of missing main members ( complete or ), and also indicate how it is complicated (homogeneous members, isolated members, introductory or plug-in constructions, or not complicated by anything). If the sentence is complex, continue the analysis according to the same scheme, but for each of its parts separately.

Video on the topic

Related article

The proposal scheme is not just a faculty whim. It allows you to better understand the structure of a sentence, determine its specifics, and finally parse it faster. Any diagram is, first of all, visual; You will agree that when you are dealing, for example, with Lev Nikolaevich, clarity is very necessary for understanding the proposal.

Instructions

You need to start by determining which parts of the sentence are words. First, determine the subject and predicate - the grammatical basis. This way you will already have a well-defined “stove” from which you can “dance”. Then we distribute the remaining words among the members of the sentence, taking into account the fact that they are all divided into a subject and a predicate group. In the first group, in the second - addition and circumstance. Please also take into account that some words are not members of a sentence (for example, conjunctions, interjections, introductory and inserted constructions), but also that several words together make up one member of a sentence (adverbial and participial phrases).

Make a diagram offers, explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Video on the topic

Morphemic parsing words - parsing by composition, definition and selection of significant derivational parts of a word. Morphemic parsing precedes word formation - determining how the word appeared.

Instructions

With syntactic parsing e of a simple sentence is highlighted (subject and predicate). Then the type of sentence is determined by the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or incentive), its emotional coloring(exclamation or ). After this, it is necessary to establish the type of sentence by its grammatical basis (one-part or two-part), by members (common or non-common), by the presence or absence of any member (complete or incomplete). Also, a simple can be complicated (homogeneous or isolated members are present) or uncomplicated.

With syntactic parsing e of a complex sentence, in addition to determining the grammatical basis and type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement, it is necessary to prove that it is complex and establish the type of connection between simple sentences (conjunctive or non-conjunctive). If the connection is conjunction, then the type of sentence is determined by the nature of the conjunction: compound. If the sentence is complex, then it is necessary to find out what kind of coordinating conjunction the parts of the sentence are connected with: connective, disjunctive or adversative. In a complex sentence, the main and subordinate clauses, the means of connecting the subordinate clause with the main clause, the question answered by the subordinate clause, the type are determined. If a complex sentence is non-union, then the semantic relationships between simple sentences are determined and the punctuation mark is explained. It is also necessary to draw an outline of the proposal.

Video on the topic

Tip 6: How to Define an Indefinite-Personal Sentence

A sentence expresses a message, a motive, or a question. Two-part sentences have a grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate. The grammatical basis of a one-part sentence is represented by either a subject or a predicate.

Instructions

All verbal one-part sentences have a predicate, but no subject. Moreover, in a definite-personal sentence, the form of the verb and the meaning of the message suggest that the action relates to a specific person: “I love books,” “Find the right solution,” “Take care of honor from a young age.”

The verb can be in the first or second person singular form or in the indicative or imperative mood. The first person means that the verbal question is asked from the pronouns “I”, “we”; second person – from the pronouns “you”, “you”. The imperative mood encourages action, the indicative simply conveys information.

In an indefinite-personal sentence, the action is performed by indefinite or unidentified persons. This action is important in itself. The verb is in the third person form of the present or past tense. Examples: “The news is shown on TV,” “The tragedy was reported on Friday,” “The poster was removed from the door.” To get a verb in the third person plural form, ask a question about the pronoun “they”.

Do not confuse one-part sentences with incomplete two-part ones. Missing principal term of bipartite incomplete sentence easily restored based on context and speech situation. For example, if the person performing the action is named in the previous sentences.

In our language, thoughts can be conveyed using different sentence structures. Conjunctive and non-conjunctive complex sentences are capable of replacing each other in speech: when the structure changes, the semantic content remains the same. Omit the conjunction and you have a non-union sentence. Do not distort the meaning and use punctuation marks correctly!

Complex sentences with subordinate clauses of cause, explanatory, condition, time and consequence can also be changed to non-conjunctive ones. Often the type of subordinate clause helps to determine conjunctions that clearly indicate the semantic relationships expressed in the sentence. Observe the examples: “The passengers were in a hurry because (causality) there were five minutes left before the train departed” - “The passengers were in a hurry: there were five minutes left before the train departure”; “I (addition) cannot make it to the ship in time” - “I understand: it is impossible to make it to the ship in time”; “If (condition) you say a word, they will add ten” - “If you say a word, they will add ten”; When (time) the finches came to life, the forest came to life” - “The finches arrived - the forest came to life”; “The firewood is out, so (the consequence) there is nothing to burn with

Sources:

• Russian language. 9th grade. Textbook for educational institutions
• Means of expressing syntactic relationships between parts of a complex sentence in 2019