Composition of the Russian armed forces. What troops are part of the Russian army, the composition of the Russian Armed Forces

The Federation consists of different troops (missile, ground, aerospace, etc.), and together they represent an organization for organizing the defense of the country. Their main task is to repel aggression and protect the territorial integrity of the state, but recently the tasks have changed slightly.

1. Containing not only military but also political security threats.
2. Carrying out power operations in non-wartime.
3. Ensuring the political and economic interests of the state.
4. Using force to ensure safety.

In life safety lessons, the composition of the Armed Forces Russian Federation studied in grades 10-11. That's why this information should be known to all citizens of the Russian Federation.

A little history

The modern composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation owes its history. It was formed depending on possible acts of aggression against the state. The most significant stage in the history of the development of the army is the victory on the Kulikovo Field (1380), near Poltava (1709) and, of course, in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

The standing army in Russia was formed under Ivan the Terrible. It was he who began to create troops with centralized management and supplies. In 1862-1874, a reform was carried out with the introduction of all-class military service, the principles of leadership were also changed, and technical re-equipment was carried out. However, after the revolution in 1917, the army disappeared. Instead, the Red Army was formed, and then the USSR, which were divided into 3 types: land, air force and navy.

Today, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has changed slightly, but the basic core remains the same.

Ground forces

This species is the most numerous. It was created to be present on land and, by and large, ground forces- This is the most important element of the army. It is impossible to seize and hold territories without this type of troops, to repel a landing invasion, etc. It is for these purposes that such units were created. In turn, they are divided into the following types:

1. Tank troops.
2. Motorized rifle.
3. Artillery.
4. Missile forces and air defense.
5. Special services.
6. Signal troops.

The largest personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes the ground forces. This includes all types of military units listed above.

Tank (armored) troops. They represent the main striking force on earth and are an extremely powerful means for solving problems of primary importance.

Motorized rifle troops are units with a large number of personnel and equipment. Their purpose is to independently conduct combat operations over a large territory, although they can act as support as part of other branches of the military.

Artillery and missile units always consist of formations, tactical missile units, and artillery.

Air defense - troops providing protection to ground units and the rear from attacks from aircraft and other means of attack from the air. Special services perform highly specialized functions.

Military space forces

They existed until 1997, but the Presidential Decree of July 16, 1997 obliged to create new look Sun. Since that time, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has changed somewhat: the Air Force and space defense units have merged. This is how the Aerospace Forces were formed.

They are engaged in reconnaissance of the aerospace situation, determining the likely start of an air or missile attack and alerting military and government authorities about it. It goes without saying that the Russian Aerospace Forces are called upon, among other things, to repel aggression from the air or from space, even, if necessary, with the use of nuclear weapons.

Composition of the VKS

Modern Russian Aerospace Forces include:

1. Space Forces.
2. Air and Missile Defense Troops.
3. Military technical support units.
4. Signal troops and electronic warfare.
5. Military educational institutions.

Each type of military has its own range of tasks. The Air Force, for example, repels aggression in the air, hitting enemy targets and troops using conventional and nuclear weapons.

The Space Force monitors objects in space and identifies threats to Russia from airless space. If necessary, they can parry possible blows. Also, the space forces are responsible for launching spacecraft (satellites) into Earth orbit and controlling them.

Fleet

The Navy is intended to protect the state from the sea and ocean, to protect the country's interests in maritime areas. The Navy consists of:

1. Four fleets: Black Sea, Baltic, Pacific and Northern.
2. Caspian flotilla.
3. Submarine forces, which are designed to destroy enemy boats, strike surface ships and their groups, and destroy ground targets.
4. Surface forces for attacks on submarines, amphibious landings, and counteraction to surface ships.
5. Naval aviation to destroy convoys, submarine flotillas, ship groups, and disrupt enemy surveillance systems.
6. Coastal troops, which are entrusted with the task of defending the coast and objects on the coast.

Rocket Forces

The composition and organization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation also include missile forces, which may contain ground, air, and water components. primarily intended to destroy nuclear attack weapons, as well as enemy groups. In particular, the main targets of the strategic missile forces are enemy military bases, industrial facilities, large groups, control system, infrastructure facilities, etc.

The main and important property of the Strategic Missile Forces is the ability to accurately strike with nuclear weapons over vast distances (ideally, anywhere on the planet) and simultaneously against all important strategic targets. They are also designed to create favorable conditions for other branches of the Armed Forces. If we talk about the organization of the Strategic Missile Forces, they consist of units that are armed with medium-range missiles and units with intercontinental missiles.

The very first unit was formed on July 15, 1946. Already in 1947, the first successful test launch of the R-1 (ballistic) guided missile was carried out. By 1955, there were already several units that possessed long-range missiles. But literally 2 years later they tested an intercontinental one with several stages. It is noteworthy that it was the first in the world. After the test of the intercontinental missile, the opportunity arose to create a new branch of the military - strategic. This logical step followed, and in 1960 another branch of the Armed Forces was organized - the Strategic Missile Forces.

Long-range or strategic aviation

We have already talked about the Aerospace Forces, but we have not yet touched upon such a branch of troops as long-range aviation. It deserves a separate chapter. The structure and composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes strategic bombers. It is noteworthy that only two countries in the world have them - the USA and Russia. Together with intercontinental missiles and missile submarines, strategic bombers are part of the nuclear triad and are primarily responsible for the security of the state.

The composition and tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in particular long-range aviation, is to bomb important military-industrial facilities behind enemy lines, destroying its infrastructure and large concentrations of troops and military bases. The targets of these aircraft are power plants, factories, bridges, and entire cities.

Such aircraft are called strategic bombers because of their ability to make intercontinental flights and use nuclear weapons. Some types of aircraft can use it, but are unable to fly intercontinentally. They are called long-range bombers.

A few words about TU-160 - "White Swan"

Speaking about long-range aviation, one cannot fail to mention the TU-160 missile carrier with variable wing geometry. In history, it is the largest, most powerful and heaviest supersonic aircraft. Its feature is a swept wing. Among existing strategic bombers, it has the largest take-off weight and combat load. The pilots gave him the nickname “White Swan”.

Armament of TU-160

The aircraft is capable of carrying up to 40 tons of weapons, including different types guided missiles, free-fall bombs and nuclear weapons. The White Swan bombs are unofficially called “second-stage weapons,” that is, they are intended to destroy targets that survived a missile strike. Its huge arsenal is capable of carrying a TU-160 aircraft, which is why its strategic status is fully justified.

In total, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include 76 such bombers. But this information is constantly changing due to the decommissioning of old aircraft and the acceptance of new aircraft.

We have described the main points regarding the purpose and composition of the Russian Federation, but in fact the armed forces are extremely complex structure, which is understood from the inside only by specialists directly associated with it.

The armed forces in any state are a key element in ensuring the country's defense capability. Good Governance them depends on their correct organization. The structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ensures the rapid and correct performance of the functions assigned by law to the state military organization of the country.

Structure of the RF Armed Forces

The Armed Forces are a military organization of the Russian Federation, the main function of which is to repel military aggression in order to ensure territorial integrity, as well as perform tasks in accordance with Russia’s international obligations. The RF Armed Forces were created on May 7, 1992. The Supreme Commander-in-Chief is the President of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the Presidential Decree of 2008, the strength of the Russian Armed Forces is set at 2,019,629 people, of which 1.3 million are military personnel.

Organizationally, the Armed Forces consist of three services, three separate branches of the military, the Logistics Service, as well as the Quartering Service, which is not a branch of the Armed Forces. In addition, the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was created on a territorial principle: the territory of the Russian Federation is divided into 4 military districts.

Territorial structure

Today in the Russian Federation there are four military districts, which are assumed by the territorial structure of the Armed Forces:

1. Western Military District. The command and headquarters are located in St. Petersburg.
2. Eastern Military District. The command and headquarters are located in Khabarovsk.
3. Central Military District. The command and headquarters are located in Yekaterinburg.
4. Southern Military District. The command and headquarters are located in Rostov-on-Don.

The structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation in the diagram:

Types of aircraft

The main element of the Armed Forces are the types of armed forces. In the Russian military department, the law establishes the presence of three types of armed forces: the Air Force, the Ground Forces and the Navy.

Today, the Ground Forces are the largest branch of the Russian armed forces. Their main function is to conduct offensive actions, the purpose of which is to defeat the enemy, seize and retain his territory, individual areas and borders, repulse the invasion of the enemy’s country and his large landings, and deliver artillery and missile strikes to great depths. In turn, the Ground Forces are organizationally composed of military branches. These types of troops can perform tasks independently or jointly.

Motorized Rifle Troops (MSV)- the most numerous branch of troops in the Ground Forces. They are also the most numerous branch of the military. Today, the motorized rifle troops are armed with armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, which should ensure the mobility of the infantry. MRFs are organizationally composed of motorized rifle subunits, units and formations.

Motorized rifle, tank, artillery and other units and units may be part of the MSV.

Tank troops (TV)- the main striking force, characterized by high mobility, maneuverability and resistance to weapons mass destruction, including nuclear. The main tasks, based on the technical equipment of TV: achieving a breakthrough, developing operational success. Artillery, motorized rifle, missile, and tank units and subunits can operate as part of a TV.

Missile Forces and Artillery (RF&A): nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy is main task. It is armed with rocket and cannon artillery. The MFA includes subunits, units and formations of howitzer, rocket, cannon, anti-tank artillery, as well as structural elements of support, command and control, mortars and artillery reconnaissance.

Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces (Air Defense Forces)- this branch of the military must ensure protection of the Ground Forces from air strikes, as well as countering enemy aerial reconnaissance. Towed, mobile, man-portable anti-aircraft gun systems and anti-aircraft missile systems are in service with the Air Defense Forces.

Also, the organizational structure of the Armed Forces presupposes the presence in the Armed Forces of special troops and services that perform highly specialized tasks in order to ensure the daily and combat activities of the ground forces.

• Signal troops,
• Electronic warfare troops,
• Corps of Engineers,
• Automobile troops,
• Railway troops, etc.

are special troops.

Air Force

Air Force similarly, the Ground Forces consist of branches of aviation that ensure the implementation of the tasks assigned to the Air Force.

Long-Range Aviation designed to strike and defeat enemy military groups in the strategic and operational depths, their economically and strategically important areas, including with the help of nuclear weapons.

Frontline aviation operates at operational depth. It can perform tasks both independently and during joint operations on land and at sea.

Army aviation provides support to ground forces by destroying enemy armored and mobile targets. Also, Army Aviation forces provide mobility for the Ground Forces.

Military transport aviation carries out the transportation of cargo, troops and equipment, and is also involved in military air operations. In peacetime, the main function is to ensure the vital activity of the Armed Forces, and in wartime, the mobility of the armed forces.

The structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation assumes the presence of Air Force Special Aviation, Anti-aircraft missile forces And Radio technical troops, which significantly expand the range of tasks assigned to the Air Force.

Navy

Navy - the main force of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to protect the interests of Russia in the Exclusive Maritime (Economic) Zone, conduct search and rescue operations, as well as conduct combat operations at sea.

The Navy includes:

• Submarine Forces,
• Surface Forces,
• Coastal troops,
• Naval aviation,
• parts and connections for special purposes.

The Navy is also organizationally divided into:

• Baltic Fleet,
• Black Sea Fleet,
• Northern Fleet,
• Pacific Fleet,
• Caspian flotilla.

Independent branches of the military

Some tasks require special equipment and trained personnel. The structure of the Armed Forces presupposes the presence of independent branches of the armed forces:

1. Airborne troops;
2. Strategic Missile Forces;
3. Aerospace Defense Forces.

Aerospace Defense Forces

The youngest branch of the military. Although our country began space exploration back in the 1960s, it was only in the 21st century that the Aerospace Defense Forces were separated into a separate branch of the military from the Strategic Missile Forces.

The most important tasks are:

• detection of a missile strike;
• control of a constellation of spacecraft;
• missile defense of the Russian capital.

Strategic Missile Forces

Today they are the main ground component of Russia's nuclear forces. Main function is considered to deter possible aggression. But if necessary, they can deliver a preemptive strike on important economic and military targets of the enemy, as well as the destruction of his military groups.

Airborne troops

They were created back in the 1930s. Today, they are entrusted with the function of conducting landing operations and conducting combat operations behind enemy lines.

The Russian Armed Forces have a three-service structure, which to a greater extent meets today's requirements and makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of combat use, seriously simplify the interaction of various branches of the Armed Forces and reduce the cost of the command and control system.

Currently, the Armed Forces structurally include three kind

• Ground Forces,
• Air Force,
• Navy;

  three type of troops

and also

• troops not included in the branches of the Armed Forces,

• Rear of the Armed Forces,
• organizations and military units for the construction and quartering of troops.

Structure of the Ground Forces

Ground forces As a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, they are intended to conduct combat operations primarily on land. According to their combat capabilities, they are capable, in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, to conduct an offensive in order to defeat the enemy group and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to great depths, repel the invasion of the enemy, his large airborne assault forces, firmly hold occupied territories, areas and frontiers.

The leadership of the Ground Forces is entrusted to Main Command of the Ground Forces.

The Main Command of the Ground Forces is a control body that combines full responsibility for the state of the branch of the Armed Forces, its construction, development, training and use.

The Main Command of the Ground Forces is entrusted with the following tasks:

• preparing troops for combat operations, based on the tasks determined by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
• improving the structure and composition, optimizing the number, incl. combat arms and special forces;
• development of military theory and practice;
• development and implementation of combat manuals, manuals, and methodological aids in troop training;
• improving the operational and combat training of the Ground Forces together with other branches of the Russian Armed Forces.

The Ground Forces include:

• types of troops - motorized rifle, tank, missile troops and artillery, military air defense, army aviation;
• special troops (formations and units - reconnaissance, communications, electronic warfare, engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, technical support, automotive and rear security);
• military units and logistics institutions.

Currently, the Ground Forces organizationally consist of

• military districts (Moscow, Leningrad, North Caucasus, Volga-Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern),
• armies,
• army corps,
• motorized rifle (tank), artillery and machine gun-artillery divisions,
• fortified areas,
• brigades,
• individual military units,
• military institutions,
• enterprises and organizations.

Motorized rifle troops- the most numerous branch of the military, forming the basis of the Ground Forces and the core of their combat formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missile systems and installations, effective means intelligence and management.

Tank troops- the main striking force of the Ground Forces and a powerful means of armed struggle, designed to solve the most important tasks in various types military operations.

Rocket Forces and Artillery- main firepower and most important operative remedy in solving combat missions to defeat enemy groups.

Military air defense is one of the main means of destroying enemy air. It consists of anti-aircraft missile, anti-aircraft artillery and radio engineering units and subunits.

Army aviation designed for action directly in the interests of combined arms formations, their air support, tactical air reconnaissance, tactical airborne landings and fire support for their actions, electronic warfare, laying minefields and other tasks.

The successful implementation by combined arms formations of the tasks facing them is ensured by special troops (engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection) and services (weapons, logistics).

In order to harmonize the efforts of the world community in matters of maintaining peace (implementation of clause 6 of the UN Charter “Observation Mission”), the Ground Forces are entrusted with the task of implementing peacekeeping functions. We provide assistance to other states in military development, organization of operation and maintenance of weapons and military equipment purchased from Russia, training of specialists in various fields in educational institutions Ground forces.

Currently, units and units of the Ground Forces are serving in peacekeeping duties in Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.

Air Force (AF)– branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They are designed to conduct reconnaissance of enemy groups; ensuring the acquisition of dominance (containment) in the air; protection from air strikes of important military-economic regions (objects) of the country and troop groups; air attack warnings; defeating targets that form the basis of the enemy’s military and military-economic potential; air support for ground and naval forces; airborne landings; transportation of troops and materiel by air.

Air Force Structure

The Air Force includes the following types of troops:

• aviation (types of aviation - bomber, attack, fighter aircraft, air defense, reconnaissance, transport and special),
• anti-aircraft missile forces,
• radio technical troops,
• special troops,
• units and institutions of the rear.

Bomber aircraft has long-range (strategic) and front-line (tactical) bombers in service various types. It is designed to defeat troop groups, destroy important military, energy facilities and communications centers primarily in the strategic and operational depth of the enemy’s defense. The bomber can carry bombs of various calibers, both conventional and nuclear, as well as air-to-surface guided missiles.

Attack aircraft Designed for air support of troops, destruction of manpower and objects primarily at the front line, in the tactical and immediate operational depth of the enemy, as well as combating enemy aircraft in the air.

One of the main requirements for an attack aircraft is high accuracy in hitting ground targets. Weapons: large-caliber guns, bombs, rockets.

Air defense fighter aircraft is the main maneuverable force of the air defense system and is designed to cover the most important directions and objects from enemy air attack. It is capable of destroying the enemy at maximum ranges from defended objects.

Air defense aviation is armed with air defense fighter aircraft, combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters.

Reconnaissance aircraft designed for conducting aerial reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and weather, and can destroy hidden enemy objects.

Reconnaissance flights can also be carried out by bomber, fighter-bomber, attack and fighter aircraft. For this purpose, they are specially equipped with daytime and night shooting on various scales, radio and radar stations with high resolution, heat direction finders, sound recording and television equipment, magnetometers.

Reconnaissance aviation is divided into tactical, operational and strategic reconnaissance aviation.

Transport aviation designed for the transportation of troops, military equipment, weapons, ammunition, fuel, food, airborne landings, evacuation of the wounded, sick, etc.

Special aviation designed for long-range radar detection and guidance, refueling aircraft in the air, electronic warfare, radiation, chemical and biological protection, control and communications, meteorological and technical support, rescue of crews in distress, evacuation of the wounded and sick.

Anti-aircraft missile forces designed to protect the country's most important facilities and troop groups from enemy air strikes.

They constitute the main firepower of the air defense system and are armed with anti-aircraft missile systems and anti-aircraft missile systems for various purposes, possessing great firepower and high accuracy in destroying enemy air attack weapons.

Radio technical troops- the main source of information about the air enemy and are intended for conducting radar reconnaissance, monitoring the flights of their aircraft and compliance by aircraft of all departments with the rules for the use of airspace.

They provide information about the beginning of an air attack, combat information for anti-aircraft missile forces and air defense aviation, as well as information for controlling formations, units and air defense units.

The radio technical troops are armed with radar stations and radar systems capable of detecting not only airborne but also surface targets at any time of the year and day, regardless of meteorological conditions and interference.

Communication units and subdivisions designed for deployment and operation of communication systems in order to ensure command and control of troops in all types of combat activities.

Electronic warfare units and units designed to interfere with airborne radars, bomb sights, communications and radio navigation of enemy air attack systems.

Units and subdivisions of communications and radio engineering support designed to provide control of aviation units and subunits, aircraft navigation, takeoff and landing of aircraft and helicopters.

Units and subunits of the engineering troops, as well as units and subunits of radiation, chemical and biological protection, are designed to perform the most complex tasks of engineering and chemical support, respectively.

Navy is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is intended for the armed protection of Russian interests and for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war. The Navy is capable of delivering nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting the enemy’s ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transportation, assisting ground forces in operations in continental theaters of war, landing amphibious assault forces, and participating in repelling landing forces. enemy and perform other tasks.

Structure of the Navy

The Navy is a powerful factor in the country's defense capability. It is divided into strategic nuclear forces and general purpose forces. Strategic nuclear forces have great nuclear missile power, high mobility and ability long time operate in various areas of the World Ocean.

The Navy consists of the following branches of the force:

• underwater,
• surface
• naval aviation, marines and coastal defense forces.

It also includes ships and vessels, special purpose units,

rear units and units.

Submarine forces- a striking force of the fleet, capable of controlling the expanses of the World Ocean, secretly and quickly deploying in the right directions and delivering unexpected powerful strikes from the depths of the ocean against sea and continental targets. Depending on the main armament, submarines are divided into missile and torpedo submarines, and according to the type of power plant into nuclear and diesel-electric.

The main striking force of the Navy is nuclear submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles with nuclear warheads. These ships are constantly in various areas of the World Ocean, ready for the immediate use of their strategic weapons.

Nuclear-powered submarines armed with ship-to-ship cruise missiles are aimed primarily at combating large enemy surface ships.

Nuclear torpedo submarines are used to disrupt enemy underwater and surface communications and in the defense system against underwater threats, as well as to escort missile submarines and surface ships.

The use of diesel submarines (missile and torpedo submarines) is mainly associated with solving typical tasks for them in limited areas of the sea.

Many people ignorant of military affairs may wonder what kind of troops the Russian army has. The answer here is very simple - Russian units include elite troops, ground units, navy, and aviation. Each part performs its own function. For large units (navy, air force, ground forces), there are support departments such as air defense, artillery. Many parts are intertwined.

TO modern look shelves began to arrive after the collapse Russian Empire. The final division of troops, according to Wikipedia and other open sources, was established in the early 2000s, when the last reform of the Main Military Directorate took place.

General structure of the Russian Army

The strength of the RF Armed Forces as of 2017 is 798 thousand military personnel. Most of them are employed in the ground forces. The structure of the RF Armed Forces in 2017, despite the reduction in the number of employees, has not changed and remains the same since the reform was carried out in the 2000s. What troops are there in the Russian army:

• ground forces;
• military air fleet;
• navy.

Separately, it is necessary to consider elite units - the fourth point in the overall structure. This includes the space forces, whose members do not perform military functions, these are astronauts and employees who ensure the creation and dispatch of space rockets. Members of these units do not need to be armed, but they do receive military awards and badges.

The Russian military forces are commanded by the Main Directorate (GOU), which is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. This body coordinates troop units in war and peacetime and determines their tasks.

The main tasks of the units according to the latest list of goals from the Ministry of Defense:

1. Ground units - providing anti-tank protection, foot offensive, border protection, reconnaissance operations, counter-terrorism, for example, in Syria.
2. Aviation – ensuring air security, hitting targets at long distances, transporting military units and military cargo.
3. Elite units – technical support armies, space exploration (for space forces), missile support.
4. Navy - protection of maritime borders, military maritime transport, transportation of military and important cargo, supply of weapons, resolution of military conflicts, naval security.

Ground and naval forces are also responsible for providing anti-terrorism protection. Naval personnel accompany ships in dangerous areas, while land personnel search and eliminate terrorist groups along with the police.

The composition of the Russian army changes every year. In 2016, there were about one million military personnel, and by 2017 the number of employees decreased by 100 thousand. It must be taken into account that some of them are conscripts undergoing military service.

The number of conscripts annually decreases by several tens of thousands of people, which can explain the reduction in the number of employees. They ensure an increase in the entire structure of troops in the Russian army according to the list above: conscripts replenish the composition of the ground, sea and air forces, they can be in artillery, infantry or motorized rifle units.

Each unit is controlled by its own command staff of the RF Armed Forces (officers). For the navy these are admirals, for ground units they are generals. The entire volume of troops of the Russian army is subordinated first of all to the President of the Russian Federation, then to the Ministry of Defense.

Schemes of the military structure of Russia

You can represent the structure of the RF Armed Forces 2017 with a diagram to make it more visual and understandable.

The most extensive body of the army is the ground forces.

For an even more clear explanation of the structure of the aircraft, you can download a short video on this topic. All units are divided into lower units - battalions, companies, platoons, brigades.

Due to the large ramifications of the Russian military network, the country annually spends a large sum on providing troops. Data on military spending is presented in the presentation of the overall budget schedule for 2017 in the expenditure column. 1021 billion rubles are spent on military needs (defense). A portion of security funds is spent on supporting intelligence groups.

The military structure is the most specific among other bodies. The military even has one, which is separate from the Supreme Court of Russia.

Ground units

The structure of this division includes several auxiliary departments:

• motorized rifle units;
• artillery;
• tank troops;
• air defense installations.

The main tasks are performed by motorized rifle units. They are responsible for the tasks of a forced, quick attack, reconnaissance and destruction of enemy infantry. The main goal is to capture enemy territories. Tank troops are allocated to support motorized rifle units. They strengthen offensive positions and help protect captured territories.

Tank forces are mostly used for strategic purposes to abruptly break through blockades and echelons. They attack from the flanks or attack head-on. The main advantage of these units is high damage, an armored hull, and the ability to destroy not only enemy military personnel, but also equipment and important enemy defense systems. Disadvantage: lack of maneuverability.

Artillery installations are used to destroy enemy points from a long distance. Artillery is difficult to destroy, so a small amount of equipment and personnel is enough to ensure defense. The destruction of artillery points is complicated by the fact that they are installed in hidden high locations.

Air defenses are used to provide airspace protection while other units are attacking. They prevent mortar strikes from the air, the landing of nuclear missiles, and the release of precision projectiles. Air defenses are capable of shooting down not only bombers, but also enemy cargo or military passenger aircraft.

Navy

There are several divisions in the naval units. The first is the coastal troops, which guard the Russian-Japanese, Russian-Ukrainian and other maritime borders and defend Russian national interests in the maritime sphere. The composition of military personnel in this unit is significant and almost not inferior to the “dry” unit.

Another service option is . These soldiers provide security for ships and act as defenders in maritime conflicts. And finally, the sailors themselves who serve on warships.

There are high requirements for people who want to serve in the navy - tall height, increased characteristics health, developed muscles. The candidate must show that he is mentally stable; It is best if he began preparing for service as a child. Such a policy is associated with a high risk of injury in the maritime fleet and the presence of overload. Due to the increased danger of service, the military of these units retire from 30 years of age.

The fleet is located at all maritime sites accessible to Russian employees - the Black Sea, the Baltic, Pacific Ocean. Some employees collaborate or come into contact with navigators from NATO countries.

Aviation and elite troops

Aviation can be long-range, front-line and army. Long range hits targets at a great distance. The front line provides an attack, dropping mines directly above the target. Army aviation provides cargo and military personnel. Air defense installations are always used together with aviation (when defending positions).

Individual elite units include space forces, special forces, and privileged structures. They carry out the tasks of ensuring internal and external security, and the space forces are responsible for scientific activity and space exploration.

The military structure of the Russian army is dynamic and may soon undergo reforms again, this is due to modernization, new management requirements, and new opportunities in the technical field.

The Federation, unofficially called the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, whose number in 2017 is 1,903,000 people, is supposed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation, protect its territorial integrity and the inviolability of all its territories, and carry out tasks in accordance with international treaties.

Start

Created in May 1992 from the Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the RF Armed Forces at that time had a much larger number. It consisted of 2,880,000 people and had the largest stockpiles of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction in the world, as well as excellent developed system in the means of delivering it. Now the RF Armed Forces regulate the number in accordance with the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.

There are currently 1,013,000 military personnel in the Armed Forces since the last published presidential decree came into force in March 2017. The total strength of the RF Armed Forces is indicated above. Military service in Russia is carried out both by conscription and by contract, and in recent years it has prevailed. Upon conscription, young people go to serve in the army for one year, their minimum age is eighteen years. For Russian military personnel, the maximum age is sixty-five years. Cadets at special military schools may be slightly younger than eighteen years of age at the time of enrollment.

How does picking happen?

The army, air force and navy accept officers into their ranks for service solely and exclusively on a contract basis. This entire corps is trained in relevant higher educational institutions, where upon graduation cadets are awarded the rank of lieutenant. During the period of study, second-year students enter into their first contract for five years, thus, service begins within the walls of a military educational institution. Citizens who are in the reserve and have an officer rank often replenish the number of personnel of the RF Armed Forces. They can also enter into a contract to pass military service. Including those graduates who studied at military departments of civilian universities and were assigned to the reserves after graduation, also have the right to conclude a contract with the Armed Forces.

This also applies to military training faculties and its cycles at military training centers. Junior command and rank and file personnel can be recruited both by contract and by conscription, to which absolutely all male citizens from eighteen to twenty-seven years of age are subject. They serve for conscription for one year (calendar), and the conscription campaign is carried out twice a year - from April to July and from October to December, in spring and autumn. Six months after the start of service, any serviceman of the RF Armed Forces can submit a report on concluding a contract, the first contract is for three years. However, after forty years, this right is lost, since forty is the age limit.

Compound

Women are extremely rare in the RF Armed Forces; the vast majority are men. Among almost two million there are less than fifty thousand, and only three thousand of them have officer positions (there are even twenty-eight colonels).

Thirty-five thousand women are in sergeant and soldier positions, and eleven thousand of them are warrant officers. Only one and a half percent of women (that is, approximately forty-five people) occupy primary command positions, while the rest serve on headquarters. Now about the important thing - the security of our country in case of war. First of all, it is necessary to distinguish between three types of mobilization reserve.

Mobilization

The current mobilization reserve, which shows the number of conscripts in the current year, as well as the organized one, where the number of those who have previously served and were transferred to the reserve is added, and the potential mobilization reserve, that is, the number of people who can be counted on in the event of war when mobilized into the army. Here the statistics reveal a rather alarming fact. In 2009, there were thirty-one million people in the potential mobilization reserve. Let's compare: in the USA there are fifty-six of them, and in China - two hundred and eight million.

In 2010, the reserve (organized reserve) amounted to twenty million people. Demographers calculated the composition of the Russian Armed Forces and the current mobilization reserve; the numbers turned out to be bad. Eighteen-year-old men will almost disappear in our country by 2050: their number will decrease fourfold and amount to only 328 thousand people from all territories. That is, the potential mobilization reserve in 2050 will be only fourteen million, which is 55% less than in 2009.

Headcount

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consists of private and junior command personnel (sergeants and sergeants), officers who serve in the troops, in local, district, central government bodies in various positions (they are provided for by the staff of the units), in military commissariats, in commandant's offices, in representative offices abroad. This also includes all cadets who study at educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense and military training centers.

In 2011, the entire structure of the strength of the RF Armed Forces did not exceed one million people; this was the result of a long-term and powerful reduction from 2,880,000 people in the Armed Forces in 1992 to one million. That is, more than sixty-three percent of the army disappeared. Already by 2008, slightly less than half of all personnel were midshipmen, warrant officers and officers. Next came the military reform, during which the positions of midshipmen and warrant officers were almost eliminated, and with them more than one hundred and seventy thousand officer positions. Fortunately, the president responded. The cuts stopped, and the number of officers returned to two hundred and twenty thousand people. The number of generals of the RF Armed Forces (army generals) is now sixty-four people.

What do the numbers say?

We will compare the size and composition of the Armed Forces in 2017 and 2014. Currently, the military command and control bodies in the apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Armed Forces comprise 10,500 military personnel. The General Staff has 11,300. The ground forces have 450,000 people, the air force has 280,000. The navy has 185,000, the strategic missile forces include 120,000, and the aerospace defense forces have 165,000 people. make up 45,000 fighters.

In 2014, the total strength of the RF Armed Forces was 845,000, of which ground forces were 250,000, Navy - 130,000, Airborne Forces - 35,000, Strategic Nuclear Forces - 80,000, Air Force - 150,000, and - attention! - command (plus service) was 200,000 people. More than all the air force personnel! However, the figures for 2017 indicate that the size of the RF Armed Forces is growing slightly. (And still now the main part of the army is men, 92.9% of them, and there are only 44,921 female military personnel.)

Charter

The RF Armed Forces, like the military organization of any other country, has general military regulations, which are a set of main rules, through which, in the process of studying, military personnel develop general idea about how to protect the country’s own rights and interests from external, internal and any other threats. In addition, studying this set of rules helps to master military service.

The Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the most important part when undergoing initial training for service; with its help, a soldier or sailor becomes familiar with the basic terms and concepts. There are four types of regulations in total, and each must be carefully studied by absolutely every military personnel. From there, general duties and rights, features of the routine, and rules of interaction become known.

Types of statutes

The disciplinary charter reveals the essence of military discipline and dictates the responsibilities for observing it, talks about various types of penalties and rewards. This is how it differs from the Internal Service Charter. It defines the prescribed measures of responsibility for certain violations of the statutory rules. The Charter of the Guard and Garrison Service of the RF Armed Forces contains a designation of the goals, order of organization and performance of guard and garrison service. It also contains the rights and obligations of all military officials and persons performing official duties.

The drill regulations determine the order of movement with and without weapons, drill techniques, types of formation of units with equipment and on foot. After carefully studying the regulations, each serviceman is obliged to understand the essence of military discipline, understand ranks, be able to allocate time, bear the responsibilities of a duty officer and orderly in a company, perform the tasks of a guard, a sentry, and many others.

Command

RF Armed Forces - President V.V. Putin. If aggression is undertaken against Russia or an immediate threat arises, it is he who will have to introduce martial law on the territory of the country or in certain areas in order to create all the conditions for preventing or repelling aggression. At the same time or immediately, the President reports this to the Federation Council and the State Duma in order to approve this decree.

The use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the country is possible only after receiving the appropriate resolution of the Federation Council. When there is peace in Russia, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief leads the overall leadership of the Armed Forces, and during war he oversees the defense of Russia and repelling aggression. Also, it is the president who forms the Security Council of the Russian Federation and heads it; he also approves, appoints and dismisses the high command of the RF Armed Forces. His department houses and approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, as well as the concept and plan for the construction of the Armed Forces, the mobilization plan, civil defense and much more.

Ministry of Defense

The Ministry of Defense of the RF Armed Forces is the governing body of the RF Armed Forces, its tasks are to develop and implement state policy in terms of the country's defense, legal regulation and defense standards. The Ministry organizes the use of aircraft in accordance with federal constitutional laws and international treaties, it maintains the necessary readiness, carries out activities for the construction of aircraft, and ensures social protection military personnel, as well as members of their families.

The Ministry of Defense takes part in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of international cooperation. Under his department are military commissariats, command and control bodies of the RF Armed Forces in military districts, as well as many other military command and control bodies, including territorial ones. It is headed by someone appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation. A board works under his leadership, which includes deputy ministers, heads of services, and commanders-in-chief of all branches of the RF Armed Forces.

RF Armed Forces

The General Staff is central authority military command and the main governing body of the Armed Forces. Here the coordination of the activities of the border troops and the FSB of the Russian Federation, the National Guard, railway, civil defense and all others, including the foreign intelligence service, is carried out. The General Staff includes main directorates, directorates and many other structures.

The main tasks of the Ministry of Defense of the RF Armed Forces are strategic planning the use of armed forces, troops and other formations and military bodies, taking into account military administrative division RF, carrying out mobilization and operational work to prepare the Armed Forces, transferring the Armed Forces to the composition and organization of wartime. The General Staff organizes strategic and mobilization deployment armed forces and other troops, formations and bodies, coordinates the activities of military registration activities, organizes intelligence activities for defense and security, plans and organizes communications, as well as topographic and geodetic support of the Armed Forces.