Subordinating and non-union communication between parts. Complex sentences with different types of connection

complex sentences with different types connections- This complex sentences , which consist of at least of three simple sentences , interconnected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection.

To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how the elements included in them are grouped together. simple sentences.

Often complex sentences with different types of connection are divided into two or more parts (blocks), connected with the help of coordinating unions or union-free; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one.

For example:

1) [Sad I]: [No friend with me], (with whom I would wash down a long parting), (to whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many merry years)(A. Pushkin).

This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: non-union and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks) connected asylum-free; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses, with homogeneous subordination.

2) [lane was all in the gardens], and [the fences grew lindens throwing now, by the moon, a wide shadow], (so that fences and gates on one side completely drowned in darkness)(A. Chekhov).

This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating connecting union and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II - a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on everything main, joins it with a union so.

In a complex sentence, there may be sentences with various types of allied and allied connection.

These include:

1) composition and submission.

For example: The sun set, and night followed day without interval, as is usually the case in the south.(Lermontov).

(And - a coordinating union, as - a subordinating union.)

Schematic of this offer:

2) composition and non-union connection.

For example: The sun had long since set, but the forest had not yet had time to subside: the doves murmured near, the cuckoo cuckooed in the distance.(Bunin).

(But - a coordinating conjunction.)

Schematic of this offer:

3) subordination and non-union communication.

For example: When he awoke, the sun was already rising; the barrow obscured him(Chekhov).

(When - subordinating union.)

Schematic of this offer:

4) composition, subordination and non-union connection.

For example: The garden was spacious and grew only oaks; they had only recently begun to blossom, so that now through the young leaves one could see the whole garden with its stage, tables and swings.

(And is a coordinating conjunction, so a subordinating conjunction.)

Schematic of this offer:

In complex sentences with a coordinating and subordinating connection, coordinating and subordinating unions may be nearby.

For example: The weather was fine all day, but when we sailed to Odessa, it began to rain heavily.

(But - a coordinating union, when - a subordinating union.)

Schematic of this offer:

Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of connection

In order to correctly punctuate complex sentences with different types of connection, it is necessary to single out simple sentences, determine the type of connection between them and select the appropriate punctuation mark.

As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences as part of a complex one with different types of connection.

For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious hoarfrost] , and [it went on two hours], [then the frost disappears] , [sun closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].

Sometimes two, three or more simple suggestions most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence semicolon . Most often, a semicolon occurs in place of an allied connection.

For example: (When he woke up) [the sun was already rising] ; [the barrow obscured him].(The proposal is complex, with different types of connection: with allied and allied connection.)

In the place of an allied bond between simple sentences in complex possible also comma , dash and colon , which are placed according to the rules for punctuation in a non-union complex sentence.

For example: [The sun has long since set] , but[the forest hasn't died down yet] : [doves murmured near] , [Cuckoo calls in the distance]. (The proposal is complex, with different types of connection: with allied and allied connection.)

[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flashes] : [there was an idea for an amazing story about Hadji Murad](Paust.). (The sentence is complex, with different types of connection: coordinative and non-union.)

In complex syntactic constructions that break up into large logical-syntactic blocks, which themselves are complex sentences or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex sentence, punctuation marks are placed at the junction of the blocks indicating the relationship of the blocks, while maintaining the internal signs placed on their own. own syntactic basis.

For example: [Bushes, trees, even stumps are so familiar to me here], (that wild clearing has become like a garden to me) : [every bush, every pine, fir-tree caressed], and [they all became mine], and [it's like I planted them], [this is my own garden](Prishv.) - at the junction of blocks there is a colon; [Yesterday a woodcock stuck its nose into this foliage] (to get a worm out from under it) ; [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the worn layer of foliage of the old aspen from his beak](Shv.) - at the junction of blocks there is a semicolon.

Particularly difficult is punctuation at the junction of the writing and subordinating unions (or a coordinating union and an allied word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection. However, at the same time, proposals in which several unions are nearby stand out and require special attention.

AT similar cases a comma between unions is placed if the second part of the double union does not follow then yes, but(in this case, the subordinate clause can be omitted). In other cases, a comma is not placed between the two unions.

For example: Winter was coming and , when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest.

You can call me but , If you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow. You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow.

I think that , if you try hard, you will succeed. “I think that if you try hard, you will succeed.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of connection

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Specify the type of offer for emotional coloring(exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine (by grammatical foundations) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries.

4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (union-free or coordinative).

5. Give a description of each part (block) in terms of structure (simple or complex sentence).

6. Draw up a proposal scheme.

A SAMPLE OF ANALYZING A COMPLEX OFFER WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION

[Suddenly a thick fog], [as if separated by a wall is he me from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ I I decided

Allied and allied coordinating communication is one of the ways to build. Without them, speech is poor, because they provide more information and are able to contain two or more sentences that tell about different events.

Complex sentences and their types

Depending on the number of parts, complex structures are divided into two- and polynomial. In any of the options, the elements are connected either by an allied connection (which, in turn, is provided by the corresponding part of speech), or by an allied one.

Depending on what types of relationships are present, complex formations create the following groups:

• Difficult sentence with non-union and allied coordinating connection: The sky darkened sharply, a distant rumble was heard, and a wall of rain covered the ground, nailing the dust and washing away the city's smog.
• Constructions that combine elements with a subordinate relationship, for example: The house we entered was depressing, but in this situation we had no choice..
• Compound sentences with subordinating and non-union types of connections: No matter how he hurried, but his help was too late: the wounded were taken away by another car.
• In polynomial constructions, subordinating, unionless and allied coordinating communication can be used simultaneously. The next time the phone rang, Mom answered it, but only heard the voice of a robot saying that her loan was overdue.

It is important to be able to distinguish between complex sentences and constructions complicated, for example, by homogeneous predicates. As a rule, in the first case, there are several grammatical bases in the syntactic lexical unit, while in the second there will be one subject and several predicates.

Unionless constructions

In this type of lexical constructions, 2 or more simple sentences can be combined, which are interconnected by intonation and meaning. They can be related to each other in the following ways:

• The sentences are linked by an enumeration. The evening gradually faded away, the night fell to the earth, the moon began to rule the world.
• Constructions in which elements are divided into several parts, two of which are opposing fragments. The weather was as ordered: the sky cleared of clouds, the sun shone brightly, a light breeze blew over the face, creating a slight coolness. In this non-union construction, the second fragment, consisting of 3 simple sentences connected by enumerative intonation, explains its first part.
• Binary combination of simple elements into a polynomial complex structure, in which parts are combined into semantic groups: The moon rose over the ridge, we did not immediately notice it: the haze hid its radiance.

An allied, like an allied coordinating connection, in an integral connection separates individual sentences from each other with punctuation marks.

Commas in non-union polynomial constructions

In complex compounds, their parts are separated by commas, semicolons, dashes and colons. The comma and semicolon are used in enumeration relations:

1. The parts are small in size and related to one another in meaning. Silence fell after the thunderstorm, followed by a light whisper of rain.
2. When parts are too common and not connected by a single meaning, a semicolon is put. Daisies and poppies covered the entire clearing; Grasshoppers chirped somewhere below.

Unionless constructions are most often used to transfer a large number information that does not always make sense.

Dividing characters in non-union compounds

These signs are used for the following types of relations between the elements of a syntactic construction:

• Dash - when the second part is sharply opposed to the first, for example: We knew about his fears - no one knew about the readiness to die.(In a similar construction with an allied, as well as an allied coordinating connection between the parts, I would like to put the union "but").
• When the first part tells about a condition or time, then a dash is also placed between it and the second fragment. The rooster crowed - it's time to get up. In such sentences, the conjunctions “if” or “when” are suitable in meaning.
• The same sign is put if the second part contains a conclusion about what was said in the first. I had no strength to object - he silently agreed. In such allied constructions, "therefore" is usually inserted.
• When the second part of the sentence is compared and determined by what is told in the first. He gives a speech - breathes hope into people. In these constructions, you can add "as if" or "as if".
• In sentences with an explanatory connection and justification of the reason, a colon is used. I will tell you in essence: you can not let your friends down.

Sentences with an allied, as well as an allied, coordinating connection between parts are separated by signs depending on their semantic relationship.

Compound constructions

In sentences of this type, a coordinative connection is used, carried out with the help of coordinating conjunctions. In this case, between their parts can be:

• Connecting relationships connected by unions and, yes or, particles also, too, and neither ... nor. Birds don't chirp, mosquitoes don't chirp, cicadas don't chirp.
• Unions are used in separating relations what and, or, particles whether ... whether, not that ... not that other. Whether the wind brings an incomprehensible sound, then he himself is approaching us.
• Sentences with both unionless and allied coordinating relations with comparative relations indicate the identity of events, but in the second case with the use of unions namely and i.e. Everyone was happy for him, that is, that is what he read on their faces.
• Explanatory relations tend to use conjunctions yes, but, ah, particles but, therefore other. A blizzard was rampant outside the window, but it was warm near the fireplace in the living room.

Often, it is conjunctions and particles that explain what connects simple sentences into a single compound structure.

Complex sentences with mixed types of communication

Constructions, where there is an allied and allied coordinating connection at the same time, are quite common. Separate blocks can be distinguished in them, each of which contains a few simple sentences. Inside the blocks, some elements are connected with others in meaning and separated by punctuation marks with or without unions. In a complex sentence with a non-union and allied coordinative connection, the line between them is separating signs, although individual blocks may not be connected in meaning.

For the correct formulation and presentation of their own thoughts, schoolchildren and adults need to learn how to correctly place semantic accents in written speech. If in life we ​​often use simple constructions, then in writing we use complex sentences with different types of connection. Therefore, it is important to know the features of their construction.

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Classification

What types of communication proposals used in Russian :

• coordinative with and without unions, when the components of the syntactic construction are independent, equal in relation to each other;
• subordination, unionless and allied, when one part of the structure is the main one, and the second is dependent;
• allied, coordinating and subordinating, expressed with the help of coordinating or subordinating unions and allied words;

Complex sentences consist of several simple ones, therefore they have more than two grammatical bases. When meeting them, do not be surprised and remember that there can be not only 2 or 3 parts, but on average up to 10-15. They constantly combine different types connections.

The main types of complex sentences with examples:

1. Unionless.
2. Compound.
3. Complex sentences.
4. Structures with different types of connection.

An example of a unionless relationship: The wind drives the clouds to the edge of heaven, the broken spruce groans, the winter forest whispers something.

It is necessary to note the main feature of constructions with a coordinative connection. The function of a coordinative connection is to show the equality of parts within a complex sentence, it is done with the help of intonation and the use of coordinating conjunctions. Unionless communication can also be used.

How are compound sentences constructed? examples with diagrams :

The firmament cleared of hanging clouds - and the bright sun came out.

The fields were empty, the autumn forest became dark and transparent.

Sentences of the fourth type usually consist of three or more parts, which are interconnected different ways. To better understand the meaning of such constructions, how to learn how complex sentences with different types of connection are built and grouped. Often, sentences are divided into several blocks, connected without union or with the help of a coordinating connection, while each of the parts represents a simple or complex sentence.

Dependent parts can have different semantic meanings, according to this feature complex sentences are divided into several groups.

Determinants

They serve to characterize and reveal the attribute of the noun being defined from the main clause. Join with and : where, from where, where, which, what. They are found only inside the main or after it. Questions can be posed to them: what?, whose?

Examples:

How painfully hot in those hours when noon hung in silence and heat.

For a long time he admired, smiling, his capricious beloved daughter, who thought, not noticing anything around.

Explanatory

They refer to words that have the meaning of thoughts (to reflect), feelings (to be sad), speech (answered, said), in order to reveal in detail the meaning of the main word, to clarify, to supplement. They also include demonstrative words - that, that, that, to which the dependent clause is attached. Connected by unions what, to, as if, as if.

Examples:

The guy quickly realized that the girlfriend's parents are not particularly smart, and thought out a further strategy.

This could be seen from the fact that he drove several times with his cart around the yard until he found the hut.

circumstantial

They are related to or to words that have adverbial meaning. Let's name their varieties and ways of attaching to the main word:

• time, specify the period of time when the action is performed, subordinating temporary unions are used for communication: when, until what time (When it was about the war, the stranger lowered his head and thought);
• places, talking about the place, are connected with the main word by allied words-adverbs: where, where, from where (Leaves, wherever you look, were yellow or golden);
• conditions that reveal under what circumstances this or that action is possible, are joined by subordinate conjunctions: if, if ..., then. They can start with particles - so, then (If it rains, then the tent will need to be moved higher);
• degree, specifies the measure or degree of action I, about which in question, questions can be posed to them: to what extent? to what extent? (The rain stopped so quickly that the ground did not have time to get wet.);
• goals, they tell what goal the action pursues and is connected by target unions: so that (In order not to be late, he decided to leave early);
• reasons, union is used for joining - because(He did not complete the task because he fell ill);
• the manner of action, indicate exactly how the action was performed, are joined by subordinating unions: as if, as if, exactly (the Forest was covered in snow, as if someone had bewitched it);
• consequences serve to clarify the result of an action, you can ask them a question - as a result of what? Join the union - so(The snow shone brighter in the sun, so that my eyes hurt);
• concessions, unions are used to join them: let it, although, despite. Allied words can be used (how, how much) with a particle neither (No matter how hard you try, nothing will work without knowledge and skills).

Building offer schemes

Let's take a look at what an offer scheme is. This is a graphic showing the structure proposals in a compact form.

Let's try to draw up schemes of sentences, which include two or more subordinate clauses. To do this, let's turn to examples with different inflected parts of speech.

Complicated sentences may consist of several subordinate clauses, which have a different relationship with each other.

Exist the following types offer links:

• homogeneous or associative;
• parallel (centralized);
• sequential (chain, linear).

Homogeneous

Characterized the following signs:

• all subordinate clauses can be attributed to the whole main thing or to one of the words;
• subordinate clauses are the same in meaning, answer one question;
• coordinating unions are connected or unionless communication is used;
• intonation during pronunciation is enumerative.

Examples and offer linear schemes:

I noticed how the stars began to blur (1), how a coolness swept by with a light breath (2).

, (how how…).

Sometimes subordinate clauses are represented by a cascade of explanatory sentences, depending on one word in the main part:

It is not known where she lived (1), who she was (2), why a Roman artist painted her portrait (3) and what she was thinking about in the picture (4).

, (where ...), (who ...), (why ...) and (about what ...).

Parallel

Such complex sentences have subordinate clauses with different values belonging to several types

Here are examples of sentences with diagrams:

When our boat sailed from the ship to the shore, we noticed that women and children began to run away from the settlement.

(When that…).

Here two subordinate clauses depend on the main clause: tense and explanatory.

Constructions can create a chain, which can be depicted in the diagram as follows:

In some places, houses were crowded, which in their color were similar to the surrounding rocks, that one had to be closer to distinguish them.

, (which ...), (what ...), (to ...).

Possible and another variant when one sentence is inside another. Sometimes constructions are combined, linking with one subordinate clause within another.

At first, the blacksmith was terribly frightened when the devil raised his devil so high that nothing could be seen below, and rushed under the moon itself so that he could catch it with his hat.

, (when…, (what…), and…), (what…).

The proposals use various punctuation marks:

• comma, example: The final remark of the sister-in-law ended already on the street, where she went on her urgent business;
• semicolon: Some time later, everyone in the village was fast asleep; only a month hung high in the luxurious Ukrainian sky;
• colon: It happened like this: at night the tank got stuck in a swamp and drowned;
• dash: Thick hazel bushes will block your path, if you hurt yourself on a prickly thorn bush - stubbornly go forward.

consistent

Simple structures are connected to one another in a chain:

There is a known knot on a tree trunk, on which you put your foot when you want to climb an apple tree.

, (on which ...), (when ...).

Determination procedure

What plan determines the types of communication of sentences in a letter. We offer a step-by-step guide that is suitable for any occasion:

• read the offer carefully;
• highlight all grammatical bases;
• divide the structure into parts and number them;
• find allied words and conjunctions, in their absence, take into account intonation;
• determine the nature of the connection.

​If available two independent parts, then this is a sentence with a coordinating connection. When one sentence names the reason for what is being discussed in another, then this is a complex sentence with subordination.

Attention! Adventitious constructions can be replaced either by adverbial turnover. Example: In the black sky dotted with myriads of small stars, soundless lightning appeared here and there.

Learning Russian - complex sentences with different types of connection

Types of communication in complex sentences

Conclusion

The types of connection of sentences depend on their classification. They use . The schemes are very diverse, there are many interesting options. Graphic drawing of a proposal allows you to quickly determine construction and sequence of all components, highlight the basics, find the main thing and correctly punctuate.

In modern Russian, especially in writing, complex sentences are often used. Complex in Russian are of two types: allied and non-union. Unionless - which consists of several parts, but unions are not used to connect these parts to each other. Here is a classic example of an allied sentence: "It was snowing, the weather was frosty." Or, for example: "It was cold, the birds flew south."

Allied, in turn, have a different feature. They are also of two or more parts, and unions are used for communication. Unions are of two types - coordinating and subordinating. If subordinating conjunctions are used, the sentence is called complex. If composing conjunctions are used, it is called compound.

Subordinating relationship in a complex sentence

If the parts of a complex sentence are interconnected by means of a subordinate connection, it is called a complex sentence. It consists of two parts: main and subordinate clauses. The main thing is always only one thing, but subordinate clauses maybe several. From the main part to the subordinate one can raise a question. There are different types of subordination.

adnexa can serve as a circumstance, for example: "I left school when the bell rang." It can also perform the function of an addition: "I told him what I wanted to say for a long time." And, finally, it can serve as a circumstance, for example: “Grandma told her grandson to go where he forgot his briefcase”, “I didn’t come because my grandmother got sick”, « “My mother arrived when the snow melted outside.”

Here are classic examples of options with various types subordinating relationship. In all examples, the first part will be the main part, and the second - subordinate, respectively, the question is asked from the first part to the second:

• "I love when spring comes";
• "I was reading a book about the house that Jack built";
• “Mom was upset because her son got a deuce”;
• "The boy decided to find out where Santa Claus comes from."

Composition in a complex sentence

We can talk about a coordinative connection in cases where the simple parts that make up the complex are equal in rights, and none of them can be called the main or dependent. Accordingly, the question cannot be posed from one part to another. The most common coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions "a", "but", "and".

Examples of a compositional connection:

• “Mom came home, and the son at that time went for a walk.”
• "I felt bad, but my friends were able to cheer me up."
• "The sun has set and the heads of the dandelions in the meadow have closed."
• "Winter came, and everything around was plunged into white silence."

The coordinative connection in variants with the union "a" is often used in Russian folk proverbs and sayings based on the opposition of any signs, for example: "The hair is expensive, and the mind is short." In the old Russian language, for example, in folklore works (fairy tales, epics, sayings, fables), the union “a” is often replaced by its Old Russian synonym “yes”, for example: “Grandfather came to pull a turnip, but the turnip grew big. The grandfather pulled and pulled the turnip, but called the grandmother for help.

Compound sentences are especially often used in descriptions of nature, when the author of the work wants to give the most complete picture of a summer day, a winter night, or a bright, beautiful landscape. Here is an example of such a descriptive text with a coordinative link in compound sentences: “It was snowing and people were running home with their collars up. It was still light outside, but the birds had long since ceased. Only the crunch of the snow underfoot was heard, but there was no wind. The sun was slowly setting below the horizon, and two lovers on a park bench were admiring the short winter sunset.

Also, compound sentences, especially sentences with the conjunctions “a” and “but”, are actively used in the scientific style of written speech, in reasoning texts. Here is an example of such reasoning: Human body hardy, but immune system easily destroyed by the uncontrolled use of antibiotics. Antibiotics as medicines have many advantages, but they cause dysbiosis and have a negative effect on the immune system.”

Punctuation Features

Two parts of a subordinating clause connected with each other by subordinating unions. The parts of the compositional type, in turn, are interconnected by compositional conjunctions. A conjunction is a small particle that visually resembles a preposition, but performs a completely different function: connects or two sentences that are inside one.

In both complex and complex sentences, unions must be preceded by a comma. While reading aloud, you need to pause before this comma. The omission of a comma before conjunctions using a coordinating and subordinating connection is considered a gross syntactic error. However, elementary and even high school often make such mistakes in dictations, in independent and test works in the Russian language, in essays and written works in literature. In this regard, in school curriculum learning the Russian language includes a separate section devoted to working out the rules of punctuation.

In complex non-union sentences to connect two parts, you can use not only a comma, but also other punctuation marks, for example:

• "The sun rose, the birds woke up with the usual morning song."
• "I warned you: playing with fire is very dangerous!"
• “The full moon lit up, illuminating the earth with its radiance; sensing the approach of night, the wolf howled in the distant forest; somewhere in the distance, on a tree, an owl hooted.

Complex sentences help to make written and oral speech especially expressive. They are actively used in texts of various contents. Their correct spelling in compliance with all punctuation rules indicates that a person knows Russian well and knows how to clearly express his thoughts in writing. Disregard for existing punctuation rules, on the contrary, indicates a low level of human speech culture. Teachers of the Russian language and literature should pay attention Special attention on the correct writing complex sentences when checking students' written work.

In this article, we will look at what complex sentences with different types of connections are, examples of which will be given and analyzed. But to be clear, let's start from afar.

What is a complex sentence

In syntax, a sentence is words combined common sense and associated with the laws of grammar, possessing common theme, the purpose of the utterance and intonation. With the help of sentences, people communicate, share their thoughts, present any material. Thought can be expressed briefly, but it can be expanded. Accordingly, the proposals can be concise or widespread.

Each sentence has its "heart" - a grammatical basis, i.e. subject and predicate. This is the subject of speech and its main characteristic (what does it do, what is it, what is it?). If the grammatical basis in the sentence is one, it is a simple sentence, if there are two or more of them, then it is complex.

(JV) may include two parts, three, four and even more. Relations in meaning between them, as well as the means of their connection with each other, can be different. There are complex allied proposals and non-union ones. To learn about their diversity, read the next section.

What are joint ventures

We have already begun to talk about the fact that joint ventures can be allied or non-union. Everything is very simple. If the parts of the joint venture are connected by a union (or by intonation, then the connection between them is called allied, and if only by intonation, then, accordingly, unionless.

In turn, allied sentences are divided into coordinating and subordinating - depending on whether their parts are in an "equal" position or one depends on the other.

Spring will come soon. This is a simple suggestion. the world will sparkle with bright colors again. This sentence is complex, while its parts are connected by intonation and union " when". We can ask a question from the main predicative part to the subordinate clause ( the world will sparkle with bright colors when? - when spring comes), which means that Spring will come soon and nature will bloom. This sentence also has two parts, but they are united by intonation and a coordinating union and. You cannot form a question between parts, but you can easily divide this sentence into two simple ones. This sentence is a compound one. Spring will come soon, flowers will bloom, birds will fly, it will become warm. This joint venture consists of four simple parts, but all of them are united only by intonation, there are no unions on the borders of the parts. This means that it is unionless. In order to compose complex sentences with different types of connection, it would be necessary to combine both allied and unionless relations in one sentence.

How many simple sentences can be in a complex one?

For a sentence to be considered complex, it must include at least two simple, two predicative parts. Complex sentences with different types of connection (we will see examples below) contain at least three parts, and sometimes there are about ten. But in this case, the proposal can be difficult to perceive. Such sentences combine allied and non-union communication, coordinating and subordinating in any combination.

He was surprised; a strange feeling filled his head and chest; the water ran with frightening speed, indomitably breaking through between the stones, and fell from a height with such force that it seemed that the mountain, along the slopes of which were full of mountain flowers, could not withstand this pressure ...

Here's a great example. Here are parts of complex sentences with different ones. In this sentence there are 5 predicative parts, between which all of possible types connections. What are their features? Let's remember in more detail.

allied coordinating link

Complex allied sentences are compound (CSP) or complex (CSP).

The coordinative connection (CC) connects "equal" simple sentences. This means that it is impossible to form a question from one predicative part of a complex sentence to another, there is no dependence between them. Parts of the SSP can easily be made independent sentences, and the meaning of the phrase will not suffer from this and will not change.

Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect parts of such sentences. and, but, or etc. The sea was restless, and the waves crashed against the rocks with furious force..

allied subordination

With a subordinating relationship (PS), as its name implies, one part of the sentence "subordinates" the other, carries the main meaning, is the main one, while the second (subordinate) only supplements, specifies in something, you can ask a question about it from the main part. For subordinating communication, such unions and allied words are used as what, who, when, which, because, if etc.

But it is sad to think that youth was given to us in vain, that they cheated on her all the time, that she deceived us ...(A. Pushkin). This sentence has one main part and three subordinate clauses, dependent on it and answering the same questions: " But it's sad to think (about what?), which is in vain ..."

If you try to divide the NGN into separate simple ones, then in most cases it will be seen that the main part retains its meaning and can exist without clauses, but the clauses become incomplete in semantic content and are not full-fledged sentences.

Unionless connection

Another type of joint venture is unionless. A complex sentence with different types of connection most often combines a connection without unions with one of the allied types or with both types at once.

Parts of the BSP are connected only intonationally. But this type of joint venture is considered the most difficult in terms of punctuation. If in union sentences only one sign is placed between their parts - a comma, then in this case you need to make a choice of one of four punctuation marks: a comma, a semicolon, a dash or a colon. In this article, we will not go into the details of this difficult rule, since our task today is complex sentences with different types of connections, exercises in their grammatical correct compilation and punctuation.

The horses set off, the bell rang, the wagon flew(A.S. Pushkin). This sentence has three parts connected by intonation and separated by commas.

So, we briefly gave a description of each of the possible types of connection between the parts of the joint venture, and now we will return to the main topic of the article.

Algorithm for parsing a joint venture with different types of communication

How to correctly place signs in a joint venture with many parts and different types of connections? The most important thing is to determine how many parts it has and where exactly their boundaries pass. To do this, you need to find the grammatical foundations. How many of them - so many predicative parts. Next, we highlight all the minor members related to each of the bases, and thus it becomes clear where one part ends and another begins. After that, you need to determine what types of connections between the parts (look for the presence of unions or their absence, try to ask a question or try to make each of the parts a separate sentence).

And finally, it remains only to correctly punctuate, because without them it is very difficult to perceive complex sentences with different types of communication in writing (textbook exercises are precisely aimed at developing this skill).

How not to make a mistake in choosing punctuation marks?

Punctuation of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Once the predicative parts are isolated and the types of connection are established, everything becomes very clear. We place punctuation marks in accordance with the rule relating to a particular type of communication.

Coordinating (SS) and subordinating connection (PS) require a comma before the union. Other punctuation marks in this case are very rare (with a coordinative connection, a semicolon is possible if one of the parts is complicated and contains commas; a dash is possible if the parts are sharply contrasted or one of them contains an unexpected result).

With an allied connection, as mentioned above, there may be one of four punctuation marks, depending on what semantic relationships are between the parts of the sentence.

Drawing up schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication

This step can be done before punctuation, or after, to check their correctness. Schemes are used in punctuation to graphically explain the choice of a particular punctuation mark.

The scheme helps to write complex sentences with different types of communication without punctuation errors. Examples of punctuation and charting will be given right now.

[The day was beautiful, sunny, surprisingly calm]; [a cozy shadow approached from the left], and [it became difficult to understand], (where it ends, the shadow) and (where the emerald foliage of trees begins).

In this sentence, between the first and second parts, an allied connection is easily traced, between the second and third - a coordinating one, and the third part is the main one in relation to the next two subordinate parts and is connected to them by a subordinating connection. The scheme of this joint venture is as follows: [__ =,=,=]; [= __], and [=], (where = __) and (where = __). Schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication can be horizontal and vertical. We have given an example of a horizontal scheme.

Summing up

So, we found out what complex sentences with different types of connection are (their examples are very common in the works fiction and business communication). These are sentences containing more than two simple ones in their composition, and their parts are connected by different types of syntactic connection. SP with different types of communication may include NGN, SSP and BSP in various combinations. In order not to make mistakes in punctuation marks, it is necessary to designate simple sentences inside a complex one and determine the types of syntactic connection.

Be smart!