Rules for the use of various forms of medicinal substances memo. The use of drugs for various diseases

Every person faces in his life with medicines. Sooner or later, you still have to take pills, syrups, give injections, etc. We are not always attentive and often do not read the annotations on how to properly take this or that remedy. We rely on our own knowledge, the experience of the older generation, acquaintances, friends, etc. However, not always, we do everything right and in some cases we can harm ourselves and our children. Let's look at the safety precautions for taking medications so that treatment is only in our favor.

Can multiple drugs be taken together?

As a rule, drugs should be taken separately from each other. When prescribing a drug, a specialist indicates what and when our body needs. No need to think that taking "harmless" vitamins with the main drug will not affect the process in any way .. Therefore, if you are observed by several specialists at once, let them know about each other's appointments.

However, there are cases when the action of one drug enhances the work of another. Your doctor can also tell you about this. And read the annotation, perhaps it also indicates which group of drugs can be combined and which cannot.

How and what to take pills?

Most often, when taking medications, we do not think about what we drink them with. All liquids that fall under the arm are used. However, there is a strict rule that all medicines for oral administration drink only clean water. Not mineral ( mineral water react with drugs, they contain many trace elements), not carbonated, not juice, not coffee or tea, but plain water. Alcoholic drinks and beer are also strictly prohibited.

However, there are some medicines that are taken with milk or other drinks. This is extremely a rare thing and must be specified by the doctor or recommended in the package leaflet.

Correct form of medication

The annotation always indicates how to properly take a particular drug. If the tablet is coated, then you do not need to crack it, this is done so that it dissolves in the desired section of the gastrointestinal tract. If it is a capsule, then its gelatinous coating dissolves exactly where it is better absorbed and its action becomes more effective.

Chewable tablets or sucking plates should not be swallowed whole, but should be allowed to dissolve in oral cavity especially if they are drugs. local action. Inside the body, they will not bring you any benefit.

Despite these rules, the exceptions are the use of drugs by children, since there are no small dosages and the drug must be divided into doses. But, even this requirement must be spelled out in the instructions.

Respect the exact time of taking medications

The recommendations usually indicate when to take the drug - before meals, after or during. However, it should be clarified, because the concepts before meals and on an empty stomach are completely different things. If you ignore this rule, the medicine will be destroyed gastric juices that accompany the digestion of food and will not bring the desired effect.

If it is indicated that you must eat before taking the remedy, also follow this instruction. As side effects Some drugs can adversely affect the gastrointestinal tract as a whole if taken on an empty stomach.

What form of medicine is most effective?

If you take medicines in the form of tablets and capsules, then sooner or later, anyway, our gastrointestinal tract will declare discomfort. Since they, getting into the stomach, remain in one place and accumulate, which can lead to damage to the mucosa. Syrups or other liquid forms are much safer for oral consumption. They are absorbed faster and are more often recommended for children.

Other forms of drug administration (rectal, injection, intravenous) pass by the gastrointestinal tract and are immediately absorbed into the blood, which accelerates the action of drugs at times. However, if the drug caused allergic reaction, its action will be more difficult to neutralize than if it were taken orally.

One of the most modern forms, these are transdermal patches and systems with active active substance. In this case, the drug is absorbed locally through the skin. If necessary, its action can be reduced to a minimum.

Be sure to follow the safety regulations for storing medicines. This is especially true when it comes to contact with children. After all, if a child overdoses the medicine, it can lead to death.

Also store them at the temperature indicated in the instructions, otherwise they lose their properties, and in the worst cases become toxic. And, of course, do not use drugs after the expiration date.

Antibiotics

Remember! Antibiotics do not affect viruses and are therefore useless in the treatment of diseases caused by viruses (for example, influenza, hepatitis A, B, C, chickenpox, herpes, rubella, measles). Do not forget to carefully read the instructions (keep in mind that with prolonged use, the antibiotic is used with an antifungal drug, nystatin).

Antibiotics used to prevent and treat inflammatory processes caused by bacterial microflora. A huge variety of antibiotics and their effects on the human body was the reason for the division of antibiotics into groups.

By the nature of the impact on bacterial cells antibiotics are divided into 3 groups:

1. bactericidal antibiotics(bacteria die but remain physically present in the medium)
2. bacteriostatic antibiotics(bacteria are alive but unable to reproduce)
3. bacteriolytic antibiotics(bacteria die and bacterial cell walls collapse)

By chemical structure antibiotics are divided into the following groups:

1. Beta lactam antibiotics, which in turn are divided into 2 subgroups:

Penicillins - produced by colonies mold fungus Penicillinum
- Cephalosporins - have a similar structure to penicillins. Used against penicillin-resistant bacteria.

2. macrolides(bacteriostatic action, i.e. the death of microorganisms does not occur, but only a cessation of their growth and reproduction is observed) - antibiotics with a complex cyclic structure.
3. Tetracyclines(bacteriostatic action) - used to treat respiratory infections and urinary tract, treatment of severe infections such as anthrax, tularemia, brucellosis.
4. Aminoglycosides(bactericidal effect - characterized by the fact that under the influence of an antibiotic, the death of microorganisms occurs. Achieving a bactericidal effect is especially important in the treatment of weakened patients) - have high toxicity. Used to treat severe infections such as blood poisoning or peritonitis.
5. Levomycetins(bactericidal action) - use is limited due to the increased risk of serious complications - lesions bone marrow that produces blood cells.
6. Glycopeptides- interfere with synthesis cell wall bacteria. They have a bactericidal effect, but against enterococci, some streptococci and staphylococci, they act bacteriostatically.
7. Lincosamides- have a bacteriostatic effect, which is due to the inhibition of protein synthesis by ribosomes. In high concentrations against highly sensitive microorganisms may exhibit a bactericidal effect.
8. Antifungal antibiotics(lytic action - destructive action on cell membranes) - destroy the membrane of fungal cells and cause their death. Antifungal antibiotics are gradually being replaced by highly effective synthetic antifungal drugs.

Antishock and anti-inflammatory drugs

The most common remedy from this series is analgin, but it should be borne in mind that it has a rather weak and short-lived effect. It is better to use ketonal (ketoprofen), which is comparable in strength to analgin, but is more harmless (1-2 times per ampoule, maximum 3 times per day).
Even stronger in the action of ketans (ketorolac), it is administered up to 3 ampoules per day, but not more than 5 days, due to the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Local anesthetics

The use of these drugs is the best option in the treatment of serious injuries. Anesthetics such as lidocaine and bupivacaine last the longest (novocaine can be omitted, since it is a weaker drug in terms of duration of action).

Remember! Some people may be allergic to local anesthetics. If a person was treated by a dentist and no problems arose during treatment, then most likely there should not be an allergy.

If a man has spent enough in the cold long time, then to warm it up, as a rule, they use means that stimulate breathing and heart contractions - caffeine, cordiamine, sulfocamphocaine and others. However, if possible, it is better to limit or even eliminate their use, as they bring too much harm to the body.

Ampoule preparations

They are used as painkillers in the form of injections for very severe pain, for example, in cases of serious injuries (with craniocerebral injuries, severe hip fractures, etc.). The use of tablets in difficult situations will be too slow and ineffective, therefore, in these cases, intravenous or intramuscular injection drugs.

If you go on a long trip, then you need to take a sufficient number of disposable syringes (volume 5 ml - for intramuscular injections, volume 2 ml - for subcutaneous injections) and a vial ammonia(to give a sniff during fainting and loss of consciousness).

To defuse the atmosphere of scrupulous selection medicines for a hike, watch a video from a humorous program featuring a famous showman.

Tablets should not be chewed, tablets and capsules should not be crushed, crushed and dissolved in water, unless otherwise indicated. It is preferable to buy medicines in the dosage prescribed by the doctor, and not to divide the tablet with a higher dose into several doses or take several tablets of a lower dose at the same time. If not special instructions, all drugs are recommended to be taken 40-60 minutes after a meal. It is best to drink medicines with ordinary boiled water at room temperature. If the tablet or capsule is difficult to swallow, you can slowly drink a few sips of water before taking the tablet and drink plenty of liquid. If this does not help, ask your doctor to change the dosage form or drug. The tablet should not get stuck in the throat, as the medicines are designed for the acidity and conditions of the stomach and duodenum, not the esophagus (may cause problems with the esophagus and reduce the effect of the medicine). When prescribing medications, be sure to check with your doctor about the doses, frequency of administration, dependence on food intake, withdrawal conditions (whether it is possible to immediately stop taking or should the dose be gradually reduced), and possible side effects of the drugs. If you need to take several medications at the same time, make a list of appointments by the hour to avoid confusion. Discuss in advance with your doctor what to do if you forget to take your medicine on time. Do not take a forgotten dose as an addition to the next one, this can lead to overdose and serious complications. If you take medications (such as vitamins) on your own initiative or nutritional supplements please notify your doctor about this. When buying medicines, make sure the packaging is intact, check the expiration date and dosage. Buy medicines from trusted pharmacies, not by hand or from stalls. Be wary of medicines given to you by others who no longer need them or who do not fit them: even if the medicine has not yet expired, there is a danger that the storage conditions have not been met. Do not store medicines for future use: the treatment regimen may change. Store medicines in a dry, dark place without temperature fluctuations and access sun rays. The bathroom or kitchen is not the right place to store medicines. Only those medicines for which these conditions are indicated by the manufacturer are stored in the refrigerator. Keep medicines out of the reach of children: most drugs used in cardiology are deadly to child's body even in minimal doses. When choosing medications and their dosage must take into account the age of the patient. In elderly and elderly patients, there are features of the pharmacodynamics of most drugs associated with age-related changes functions of the liver and kidneys and causing more frequent development side effects, the effect of cumulation and increased toxic effects. Features of the treatment of elderly patients: start treatment with small doses (usually half the recommended dose); slow increase in doses; careful monitoring of the occurrence of side effects of drugs.

Almost all of us take some form of medication in our lifetime. The range of medicines is significant and constantly expanding. Medicines require special attention when using them. Many medicines should only be used on the advice of a doctor who will give you advice on how to use them. But there is general rules taking medications, to list some of them.

If drugs are prescribed to be taken several times a day, then the interval between doses should be calculated based on 24 hours:

If the medicine needs to be taken 2 times a day, then the interval between doses will be 12 hours (for example, at 8 am and 8 pm),

If 3 times - then 8 hours (for example, at 7 am, 3 pm and 11 pm),

If 4 times - the interval will be 6 hours (for example, 6 am, 12 noon, 6 pm and 24 am).

If the medication is prescribed once a day, then you need to take the drug every day at the same time.

The range of drugs is diverse and in some cases it is possible to use the same drug 1, 2 or 3 times a day, but it is important to observe the daily dosage. Therefore, at the appointment with the doctor, tell him how it is more convenient for you and / or your child to take the medicine: 1, 2 or 3 times a day.

Any medicine must be taken correctly: on an empty stomach, before, after or during meals, as indicated in the instructions.

Taking with a meal means taking the medicine at the time of the meal.

on an empty stomach - this is about half an hour before breakfast,

before meals - this is at least 30 - 40 minutes before meals,

after eating - this is 1.5 - 2 hours after eating.

If you treat your throat with aerosols / rinses and / or absorbable tablets, then within 1-2 hours after the procedure (or as indicated in the instructions), it is advisable not to drink or eat.

Most drugs should be washed down with clean non-carbonated water in a volume of at least 100 ml, that is, half a glass. In some cases, the volume of water can be at least 200-250 ml (glass).

You can not drink tablets / capsules with tea, coffee, Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, sweet juices, soda, alcoholic beverages.

If the instructions do not indicate when to take the drug and how to drink it, then it means that the reception is allowed at any time, but it would be more correct to do this with water at room temperature.

If the tablet needs to be sucked, then it cannot be chewed, if it is indicated that it is necessary to chew, then the tablet should not be swallowed. Most often, you can not share a coated tablet and a dragee, because. the shell protects the drug from the action of the acidic environment of the stomach and/or protects the stomach from the action of the drug. If the tablet does not have a dividing strip, then most likely it cannot be broken.

It is undesirable to take several different pills at once. If necessary, then drink medicines with a break of 30 minutes to 1 hour.

When taking enterosorbents (for example, Activated carbon) and any other tablets, the interval between taking them should be at least 2 hours.

It is necessary to carry out a full course of treatment. Often people, having felt improvement, stop taking the drug. This is not true. But if you have any undesirable (side) effect, then you need to consult with your doctor about the possibility of further use of it.

Particular attention should be paid to taking medications for children, pregnant and lactating women, people over 65, drivers, athletes.

For children, a wide range is now available with children's dosage forms and dosages.

Recall that it is necessary to strictly observe the rules for storing medicines (for example, in a cool place - up to 18 degrees, in the refrigerator - from 2 to 8 degrees, some medicines cannot be frozen, many medicines require storage in a dark, dry place) and expiration dates. Storage conditions and expiration date are indicated on the packaging of the medicinal product.

Before taking the drug (and preferably before purchasing it), you must carefully study the instructions that come with it.