It is observed after the transferred diseases which. Effective rehabilitation after illnesses
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First post by Tali Hoffmann. Article on how to return to training after colds, very actual topic in winter.
Text version: *(graphic version after text)
After an infectious disease or common cold, it is important to competently resume fitness or your favorite sport.
As a rule, within one to two weeks after the disease, we often feel weakness throughout the body and this is quite a natural reaction of the body to the disease.
It is important during this time, while the body is recovering, to help it gain new strength and avoid complications.
Let's start with a warm-up. If you are used to running before the main part of your workout, then I advise you to pedal on an exercise bike for a couple of weeks. We all know that running consumes much more energy than cycling, so in order not to harm the heart after an illness, it is important to smoothly enter the training process. The thing is that during illness, the load on circulatory system increases several times, except for this remedy, in addition to its useful properties, harm the vessels, causing their spasms. One of the most common diseases after the flu is myocarditis - inflammation of the heart muscle.
After broncho-pulmonary diseases, you can include a rowing machine in the warm-up, since the rhythmic work of the legs, abdominals and back dramatically enhances the work of the respiratory muscles and makes this exercise indispensable remedy in diseases associated with impaired pulmonary ventilation and, first of all, in chronic bronchitis.
After 5-7 minutes of warm-up, we move on to the main part of our recovery workout.
The main tasks of training after colds are:
- Prevention of complications after the disease;
- Removal of sputum from the lungs;
- Strengthening the respiratory muscles;
- Stimulation of the work of the mediastinal organs (heart, lungs, bronchi, main ganglions);
- Feature improvement external respiration;
- Increased immunity.
An approximate training program for the first week after the disease:
1. Chest press on the simulator (pumping lung volume, cleansing the lungs, prevention of colds);
2. Wiring dumbbells on an incline bench (exercise has a positive effect on lung ventilation, eliminates the effects of pulmonary inflammatory diseases);
3. Upper block: traction with straight arms in an inclination (the exercise perfectly cleanses the lungs, which is especially noticeable after suffering colds of the lungs and upper respiratory tract);
4. Dumbbell pull to the chin (the exercise actively engages the respiratory muscles, ensures the restoration of respiratory volume after colds);
5. Shrugi with dumbbells (movement has a stimulating effect on the nerve plexuses surrounding the tops of the lungs - sputum production is normalized, breathing is automatic, cardiac activity is stabilized);
An approximate training program for the second week after the disease:
1. Pull-ups on a low bar (the exercise is suitable for weakened people who have had a cold. It helps to remove phlegm from the lungs and fights well both with initial manifestations colds, and with complications after an illness);
2. Bench press lying on a horizontal bench (due to an increase in intrathoracic pressure, the level of congestion in the lungs decreases, the vital capacity of the lungs increases, the performance of the heart normalizes);
3. Seated dumbbell press (the work of the muscles in this exercise performs a kind of " internal massage" nerve plexuses surrounding the apex of the lungs. It is useful for cleansing the lungs after diseases, normalizes breathing with a tendency to bronchospasm, normalizes cardiac activity, increases the efficiency of blood circulation);
4. Pullover (exercise strengthens the respiratory muscles, stimulates the mediastinal organs: heart, lungs, bronchi, main nerve nodes);
5. Push-ups on the uneven bars (the work of the muscles in this exercise contributes to ventilation of the lungs, regulation heart rate. Recommended in recovery period after broncho-pulmonary diseases);
Let's move on to the final part of the workout - to the hitch.
Stretching exercises are perfect for a hitch after a cold. pectoral muscles, since in the main part of the lesson the emphasis was placed on them, as well as the muscles of the back and deltoid muscles.
In the first week after the illness, you should reduce the working weights and perform each exercise 15-18 repetitions in 2 sets. Special attention should draw on a deep breath in each of the exercises. The task is to "breathe".
Starting from the second week of training, the weight of the shells can increase, and the repetitions can decrease to 12-15 in three sets.
Application vitamin complexes, adherence to a balanced diet and sleep schedule will best contribute to the restoration of the body.
An integral part of rehabilitation treatment is psychotherapy, which is especially important in case of an unfavorable outcome of childbirth, or complications that have significantly affected the state of health.
Physiotherapeutic procedures that activate regeneration processes, normalize the function of various body systems, and contribute to the restoration of protective and adaptive reactions are of great help in rehabilitation after peritonitis. Due to the use of physiotherapeutic procedures, it is also possible to reduce doses medicines entering the body. This is very important during breastfeeding, as many of the drugs, entering the body of a newborn through milk, have an adverse effect on him.
Severe postpartum inflammatory diseases adversely affect menstrual, sexual and reproductive functions female body contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory processes and the occurrence of neoplasms of the genital organs.
After irrational treatment of peritonitis, which was limited to the use of antibiotics and detoxification therapy, may develop adhesive disease, often accompanied pain syndrome or phenomena intestinal obstruction which in turn requires traumatic surgery.
Postpartum sepsis often causes damage to the lungs, kidneys, heart, the development of neuroendocrine diseases with a violation of the hypothalamic-pituitary and sympathetic-adrenal system.
Women who have undergone sepsis are carriers of foci of infection and are at risk of recurrence of sepsis during subsequent pregnancies and childbirth.
In this regard, after discharge from the hospital, they need careful dispensary observation and rehabilitation measures.
Patients after suffering peritonitis should be observed for at least 1 year. If signs of adhesions are detected, a course of physiotherapy with antibiotics is prescribed. a wide range actions. At the same time, drugs are used that the patient has not previously received, and outpatient follow-up is extended to 2 years.
All women who have had sepsis after childbirth should be registered with a doctor antenatal clinic, which they visit during the first half of the year 1 time in 1.5-2 months and then 1 time in 2-3 months. In addition, it is necessary to regularly monitor the therapist once every 3 months, as well as other specialists, such as a surgeon, endocrinologist, neuropathologist, urologist, etc.
During dispensary observation conduct clinical and biochemical analyzes, ECG and fluorography, blood and urine cultures, smear examination. At the same time, general strengthening therapy is prescribed.
The danger of transferred sepsis lies in the fact that even with normalization of temperature and the absence of clinical manifestations, which is confirmed by the results laboratory diagnostics repeated relapses may occur.
The reason for this is a decrease in the body's defenses of patients and the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in the intercellular space. All women who have had postpartum sepsis need outpatient care at least 2 years. In the event that there are signs of a relapse of the disease in the form of chills, fever, headaches, pain in the joints and muscles, then treatment is prescribed as in severe course sepsis.
Approximate terms for the resumption of physical education classes by students of the main medical group after some diseases and injuries are presented in the table.
Angina. After 2-4 weeks. To resume classes, additional medical examination. Avoid hypothermia while skiing, swimming, etc.
Acute respiratory diseases. After 1-3 weeks. Avoid hypothermia. Winter sports and swimming may be temporarily excluded. In winter, during outdoor activities, breathe only through the nose.
Acute otitis media. After 3-4 weeks. Swimming is prohibited. Avoid hypothermia. In chronic perforative otitis media, all water sports are contraindicated. With vestibular instability, which often occurs after surgery, exercises that can cause dizziness (sharp turns, rotations, flips, etc.) are also excluded.
Pneumonia. After 1-2 months. Avoid hypothermia. It is recommended to use breathing exercises more widely, as well as swimming, rowing and winter sports ( Fresh air, no dust, positive effect on the respiratory system)
Pleurisy. After 1-2 months. Excluded (for up to six months) endurance exercises and exercises associated with natuzhivaine. Swimming, rowing, winter sports are recommended.
Acute infectious diseases (measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, dysentery, etc.). After 1-2 months. The resumption of classes is possible only with a satisfactory reaction. of cardio-vascular system on the functional tests. If there were changes in the activity of the heart, then (up to six months) exercises for endurance, strength and exercises associated with straining are excluded. ECG monitoring is required.
Acute nephritis. After 2-3 months. Endurance exercises and water sports are strictly prohibited. After the start of physical education, regular monitoring of the composition of urine is necessary.
Rheumocarditis. After 2-3 months. Classes are allowed only if the foci are sanitized chronic infections. At least a year they are engaged in a special group. ECG monitoring is required.
Hepatitis is infectious. After 6-12 months (depending on the course and form of the disease). Endurance exercises are excluded. Regular monitoring of liver function is necessary.
Appendicitis (after surgery). After 1-2 months. At first, straining, jumping and exercises that put stress on the abdominal muscles should be avoided.
Fracture of limb bones. In 3 months. In the first three months, exercises that give an active load on the injured limb should be excluded.
Concussion. At least 2-3 months later (depending on the severity and nature of the injury). In each case, permission from a neurologist is required. Exercises associated with sharp shaking of the body (jumping, football, volleyball, basketball, etc.) should be excluded.
Stretching of muscles and ligaments. In 1-2 weeks. The increase in load and range of motion in the injured limb should be gradual
Rupture of muscles and tendons. At least 6 months after surgery. Pre-required ( long time) physiotherapy.
The concept of sports injuries. Causes of sports injuries. Prevention of sports injuries.
A sports injury is an injury accompanied by a change in the anatomical structures and function of the injured organ as a result of exposure to physical factor exceeding the physiological strength of the tissue, in the process of training exercise and sports. Among various kinds sports injuries are in last place both in terms of quantity and severity of the course, accounting for only about 2%.
Injuries are distinguished by the presence or absence of damage to the external integument (open or closed), by the extent of damage (macrotrauma and microtrauma), as well as by the severity of the course and impact on the body (light, medium and severe).
Lungs are considered injuries that do not cause significant disturbances in the body and loss of general and sports performance; medium - injuries with mild changes in the body and loss of general and sports performance (within 1-2 weeks); severe - injuries that cause sudden pronounced violations health, when victims need hospitalization or long-term treatment on an outpatient basis. According to the severity of the course, minor injuries in sports injuries account for 90%, moderate injuries - 9%, severe - 1%.
The main causes of injury:
1. Organizational shortcomings in the conduct of classes and competitions. 2. Errors in the methods of conducting classes, 3. Insufficient material and technical equipment of classes: 4. Unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic condition of halls and grounds 5. Low level educational work, 6. Lack of medical supervision and violation of medical requirements.
Prevention of damage due to these causes is as follows:
special training muscular and ligamentous apparatus for performing sports movements, preparing certain areas of the skin for unusual influences (strong friction, impact), etc .; training in “dangerous” exercises using the required number of lead-up exercises, teaching self-insurance techniques, the ability to “fall”; using “dangerous” exercises in the form of training fights, games; admission to competitions only with sufficient mastery of these exercises; strict distribution of trainees into groups according to the degree of preparedness and weight categories; thorough implementation of a full warm-up; unconditional compliance with the requirements regarding the use of protective devices; high quality defensive actions (in boxing); uncompromising struggle against any manifestation of rudeness in martial arts and sports games.
Past illnesses
When and how done, during the post-vaccination period (against tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, pertussis, tetanus, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae, measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis B). Reaction to vaccinations and date of last vaccination.
Feeding the baby
Logical thinking, memory, school performance, behavior in a team (kindergarten, school, family).
Physical and neuropsychic development of the child
neonatal period
Weight, length, head circumference, chest, screamed immediately after resuscitation, degree of asphyxia, icterus (degree, bilirubin values, medical measures), possible birth trauma. Discharged from maternity hospital for what day, with what body weight. On what day did the rest of the umbilical cord fall off. When healed umbilical wound. When attached to the breast (in the delivery room, 2 hours after birth, other options). How sucked (actively, sluggishly). Physiological weight loss (% or g) when recovered. Diseases during the neonatal period (diseases of the skin and navel, septic diseases, etc.).
The physical development of the child: body weight, height, head circumference, chest at the time of examination with an assessment on centile scales. For children under 3 years old: an increase in body weight and height in the first year of life (by months, if the child is under 1 year old) and at an older age. Information about the dynamics of physical and psychomotor development child: when he began to fix his gaze on an object, hold his head, turn on his side, from his back to his stomach, smile, recognize his mother, sit, stand, walk, run. When the teeth erupted and order, their appearance. Speech development: ʼʼcoolingʼʼ, first syllables, first words, first sentences, vocabulary.
For children under 1 year old. What feeding is the child currently on (natural, artificial, mixed). With natural feeding - feeding regimen (strict, flexible, free), sucking activity, feeding from one or both mammary glands. At mixed feeding- what the child is supplemented with, at what age, the amount and method of introducing supplementary feeding. What are the measures to combat hypogalactia in the mother. At artificial feeding,: from what age and what the child was fed, in what quantity and in what sequence. Was there a night break? When he began to receive complementary foods, the sequence of introduction of dishes, tolerance. Weaning time.
Child nutrition in later years(quality, quantity, mode, individual characteristics taste and appetite food intolerance products, etc.). Nutrition of the child at the onset of the present illness.
When and what, incl. and infectious, surgical interventions. Features of the course of diseases, their complications. Treatment carried out. Availability chronic diseases. Whether he is registered with the dispensary.
7. Allergological history
8. Hereditary and family history
The state of health of the father, mother, next of kin (sisters, brothers, grandparents, aunts, uncles). Find out if there are patients with tuberculosis, HIV infection, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, mental, nervous, endocrine allergic and other diseases in the family. occupational hazards and bad habits father and mother.
9. Material and living conditions
childcare, walks, living space(dry, light, warm). Is the room ventilated. Number of children and adults living. Does the child have separate bed. How often does he bathe? Is the child provided with linen, toys, clothes according to the season. Is the daily routine observed, what is the duration of walks and sleep. What a load at school. Schoolchildren have a daily routine, the presence of additional loads.
10. Epidemiological history
Contact with infectious diseases in the last 3 weeks. Intestinal dysfunction in the child and relatives during the last month (not) was noted.
Transferred diseases - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Past diseases" 2017, 2018.