What organs is the left hemisphere responsible for? What is the left hemisphere of the human brain responsible for? An example of the interaction of the hemispheres during oral speech or dictation

Man is a universal being. He, unlike an animal, can feel, empathize, rejoice, be upset, and dream. No creature on the planet is capable of such emotions. So why are people given the opportunity to experience such unusual feelings? How does a human differ from a primate? The brain is the main feature of the body. It is he who controls emotions, dreams, actions, however, not everything is so simple here. The functions of the left and right hemispheres control different actions. What is he responsible for? left hemisphere brain? Why is there an opinion that people who have a developed left hemisphere of the brain are distinguished by analytical thinking and developed logic?

The right hemisphere of the brain is more developed in the fairer sex. This is exactly the opinion that many doctors and psychotherapists had. In fact, everything is a little different. After all, how many women exist who have a purely analytical mind, and how many representatives of the stronger sex exist with well-developed intuition. It turns out that it is impossible to separate actions based on gender. Further more. Scientists have determined that people use only 3–5% of their brain, although they can develop two hemispheres of the brain. This means that humanity will have a chance to read thoughts at a distance, feel the moods of other people, perform complex calculations without the help of machines. There is an opportunity to move to a completely different level of life, get rid of the presence of technology, and learn to understand each other.

Scientists of the Middle Ages believed that the human brain was like flashes of fire. Eastern sages of the same era compared the mind to a lotus flower. Naturally, these are only allegories. The brain actually resembles a fetus walnut. But it sounded somehow ugly, so many images of life have survived to this day. important body in the form of unusual things. Scientists of antiquity did not think about the connection between mind and action. It all came down to religion: if this happens, then God commanded it. The first who tried to study in detail the structure of the main organ, to find the relationship between the left and right hemispheres, was Leonardo da Vinci. Brilliant painter, inventor, mystic. However, the list of merits may take several pages. He was the first who could depict the brain in detail, all its parts. The second, no less brilliant creator of the Renaissance, Michelangelo, created the painting “The Creation of Adam”. For a long time it had only artistic value. And only in the 19th century did people see the hidden code: - the image of the creator on the cloud exactly repeats the cross-section of the brain. Its small parts are also depicted in detail, successfully disguised as various details.

Soon many paintings were discovered hiding secret codes and signs. But, interestingly, humanity was able to examine them hundreds of years later. What prevented you from noticing interesting clues, why do people sometimes not see the obvious? The answer lies in the head. The structure of the main organ really resembles a nut: convolutions, two lobes of the hemispheres, a bridge connecting them. It's all the same in my head: cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brain stem. These are the three main departments responsible for human life. Large parts covered with a shell are connected to each other by the corpus callosum - a kind of bridge. The cerebral cortex area is responsible for all thoughts and actions performed by a person. The structure of the cerebral hemispheres includes different areas responsible for the production of hormones, organ growth, vision, hearing - in a word, without the main organ, people would be like simple stones.

Large parts are divided into frontal, occipital, temporal and parietal lobes. Each area is unique in its own way and is responsible for the following actions. So, the functions of the cerebral hemispheres:

• the frontal areas support the vestibular apparatus. Thanks to their proper work, people stand, walk, and perform actions. In fact, this is a control center, a brain “main point”. Any disturbances, damages, injuries immediately lead to disruption of work: the person changes, developmental deviations and strange behavior appear. The right side is responsible for thoughts, dreams, emotions, the left side is responsible for speech, diction, movements;
• The temporal parts are responsible for memory; it is a kind of “hard drive”. Injuries to the temples can send the victim into long-term amnesia. The left side is responsible for specifics: titles, numbers, names, dates. The right side stores memories, images, dreams. If an injury, malfunction, or illness occurs in this area, the victim ceases to understand speech. Damage to the left area will completely block recognition and the meaning of speech. Injury to the opposite temporal part will disrupt the emotional perception of speech, halftones, subtext;
• the parietal part is responsible for all wounds, cuts, abrasions, or rather, for the pain caused by them. The right parietal region will help you navigate in space, determine the proximity and distance of things. His opposite “colleague” is responsible for reading and memory. Dyslexia is a disease that limits the ability to learn. Occurs due to a disorder in the left parietal lobe of the head;
• What are the occipital parts responsible for? Thanks to their proper functioning, the eyes perceive, process, and transmit images. The developed left side notices details, small parts. Right lobe conveys a wealth of colors and flavor;
• the task of the cerebral cortex comes down to controlling the behavior of the individual, the ability to think and contemplate.

The large hemispheres of the brain can be equally developed, but this is rarely observed: one of the parts mainly dominates. This opinion existed before. Now people have changed: more and more indigo children are being born, the abilities of the human brain are developing. Returning to the very beginning, we can find the answer to the question of why people previously did not notice the hidden codes of paintings and works. To decipher brilliant puzzles, you should use both lobes of the cerebral hemispheres, have developed intuition and excellent analytical thinking.

Distribution of duties

What is the left hemisphere of the brain responsible for and why does it dominate over its counterpart? The functions of the left hemisphere of the brain are:

1. Speech understanding, speaking ability.
2. Logics.
3. Remembering events, dates, names, actions.
4. Actions on the right side of the body.
5. The ability to think along a chain, to build logical series.
6. Analytical abilities are also controlled by the left hemisphere.

It was thanks to this part that humanity made a technological revolution. All scientific discoveries were made by people with a dominant left side. What is the left main hemisphere of the brain responsible for and can wrong actions, murders, and violence be attributed to it? To begin with, it is worth understanding that all actions are dictated by the brain. If a person commits violence, he is aware of his actions, but the question is different: how does he perceive them?

Scientists have conducted a number of studies with maniacs, murderers, and fanatical people. The result was striking: most of the subjects believed that they had done the right thing, in addition, they carefully prepared for future crimes. That is, their left lobe brain planned all the actions, laying out the order of crimes and the order of actions. Maniacs scrupulously looked for their victims, the brain methodically determined the necessary details, singling out the doomed from the crowd. It would seem that everything is simple: diseases provoke disruptions in the functioning of the head - hence the crimes. However, tomography studies have shown that many criminals have developed both hemispheres of the cerebrum, and there are no tumors or injuries. Where is the “button” that is responsible for all the negativity? The answer has not yet been found.

Another interesting fact: many gifted scientists, mathematicians, physicists, and chemists are desperately unlucky in love affairs. They ignore romantic dates under the moonlight and trips to cafes; they are much more interested in sitting on an unsolved problem or deducing another law. Why? Responsible for romance, love, emotions right hemisphere, and people who specifically choose a scientific path develop the opposite part of the brain, constantly suppressing the right. How can “nerds” develop their right hemisphere? The work of the cerebral hemispheres should ideally be the same, but this requires effort.

The functions of the left and right hemispheres are very different. U emotional people the right hemisphere is better developed, but this does not mean that they cannot decide algebraic examples. It’s just that such people are endowed with a musical gift, they can empathize, developed intuition allows them to avoid difficult situations. Artistic gift, literary abilities - all this is about humanists. They develop their capabilities, sometimes suppressing the functions of the left brain. The situation with the “nerd in love” is repeated exactly the opposite. The cerebral hemispheres can work in tandem. A striking example of this is indigo people, gifted individuals. The same Leonardo da Vinci was a brilliant painter, “techie,” physician, prophet, who foresaw the invention of many technical devices. I wonder which hemisphere of his brain was more developed? Although it was precisely thanks to the equal work of the right and left hemispheres of the brain that the famous “Mona Lisa” was created, in whose eyes scientists read digital code. The best minds are trying to decipher it, but so far to no avail.

Most were faced with a small problem: the inability to remember a basic thing, the name of the city, the names of former classmates. Elderly people often complain about fading memory, but younger people sometimes forget the names of streets, events, and dates. This may indicate a change in the structure of the brain, perhaps requiring brain exercises. Crosswords, quizzes, and analytical games like Monopoly are great refreshers for the left side. But, what’s interesting: the more the left side of the brain with analytical memory fades, the stronger and brighter the memories and past moments of life become. The development of the right hemisphere of the brain begins with renewed vigor. This is noticeable in the example of older people: they become more emotional and are very easy to offend. The déjà vu effect, when people see certain moments more than once, is a kind of signal from the right hemisphere of the brain. Some scientists consider this a malfunction, a violation, but parapsychologists talk about expanding the functions of the right lobe.

Become a superman

The development of the hemispheres is of great importance. People will be able to cross the forbidden line, explore uncharted territories, and look into the depths of space. Now a new generation is being born capable of fulfilling such a task. Their thinking develops along with intuition. They are capable of solving the most difficult problems, but at the same time they can be empaths.

But what about those who live now? After all, there is no limit to perfection; synchronization of the brain hemispheres is accessible to anyone. How to develop the left hemisphere of the brain? It is enough to do mental gymnastics every day and train your visual memory. The same scanword puzzles, number puzzles, and sudoku are suitable for initial lessons: they have a good effect on memory and “revive” the neurons of the cerebral cortex. The solution brings the greatest effect mathematical problems. Two or three exercises from the 6th grade textbook will help refresh your memory and knowledge and will have a positive impact on the work of the main organ. Reading is useful. According to scientists, reading the book independently helps people who have suffered head injuries to recover.

Drawing lessons and listening to various styles of music will help develop the right hemisphere of the brain. In this case, you should memorize the performers, the year the composition was released, Interesting Facts about the work. The training should be done daily. Ten minutes of daily exercise will result in a stunning effect in a couple of months. Audiobooks are recommended for people who have suffered from stress or depression. The speaker's colorful voice will paint imaginary pictures, thereby stimulating the right side of the head. A few hours a week - and your imagination will create entire films.

To develop two parts of the head, combined exercises are suitable: creating a crossword puzzle with personal illustrations, doing colored origami, knitting. Yes, it is the last activity that has a positive effect on the work of the whole body: hand motor skills develop, the pattern and loops are counted, and the imagination draws a future masterpiece. Three in one, even four, because the result will be a beautiful thing.

Not only geniuses can operate with two hemispheres of the brain. Anyone can develop psychic abilities. Daily exercises guarantee the development of an analytical mind; you just need to work on yourself.

The functional parts of the brain are the brainstem, the cerebellum and the terminal section, which includes the cerebral hemispheres. The last component is the most voluminous part - it occupies about 80% of the mass of the organ and 2% of the weight of the human body, while up to 25% of the total energy produced in the body is spent on its work.

The hemispheres of the brain differ slightly in size, depth of convolutions and the functions they perform: the left is responsible for logical and analytical thinking, and the right is responsible for motor skills. Moreover, they are interchangeable - if one of them is damaged, the other can partially take over its functions.

Studying the brain famous people experts have noticed that a person’s abilities depend on which half of the terminal section is more developed. For example, artists and poets most often have a developed right hemisphere, since this part of the brain is responsible for Creative skills.

Basic aspects of the physiology of the cerebral hemispheres, or hemispheres as they are also called, using the example of brain development in a child from the moment of conception.

Central nervous system begins to develop almost immediately after fertilization of the egg and already at 4 weeks after implantation of the embryo into the uterine mucosa, it consists of 3 brain vesicles connected in series. The first of them is the rudiment of the anterior part of the brain and, therefore, its cerebral hemispheres, the second is the midbrain, and the last, third forms the rhomboid part of the brain.

In parallel with this process, the birth of the cerebral cortex occurs - at first it looks like a small long plate of gray matter, consisting mainly of a cluster of neuron bodies.

Next, the physiological maturation of the main parts of the brain occurs: by the 9th week of pregnancy, the anterior part increases and forms 2 cerebral hemispheres, connected to each other by a special structure - the corpus callosum. Just like the smaller nerve commissures (superior and posterior commissure, fornix of the brain), it consists of a large bundle of processes nerve cells- axons located predominantly in the transverse direction. This structure subsequently allows information to be instantly transferred from one part of the brain to another.

The rudiment of the cortex covering white matter hemispheres, at this time also undergoes changes: there is a gradual build-up of layers and an increase in the coverage area. In this case, the upper cortical layer increases faster than the lower one, due to which folds and grooves appear.

K 6 one month old embryo, for example, the left hemisphere of the brain has all the main primary gyri: lateral, central, callosal, parieto-occipital and calcarine, while the pattern of their location is mirrored in the right hemisphere. Then the convolutions of the second row are formed, and at the same time the number of layers of the cerebral cortex increases.

By the time of birth, the final section and, accordingly, the large hemispheres of the human brain have a familiar appearance to everyone, and the cortex has all 6 layers. The growth of the number of neurons stops. The subsequent increase in the weight of the medulla is the result of the growth of existing nerve cells and the development of glial tissue.

As the child develops, neurons form an even larger branched network of interneuronal connections. For most people, brain development ends by age 18.

The adult cerebral cortex, covering the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres, consists of several functional layers:

1. molecular;
2. external granular;
3. pyramidal;
4. internal granular;
5. ganglionic;
6. multimorphic;
7. white matter.

The neurons of these structures have different structure and functional purpose, but at the same time they form the gray matter of the brain, which is an integral part of the cerebral hemispheres. Also, with the help of these functional units, the cerebral cortex carries out all the main manifestations of higher nervous activity human - thinking, remembering, emotional condition, speech and attention.

The thickness of the cortex is not uniform throughout; for example, it reaches its greatest value in the upper parts of the precentral and postcentral gyri. At the same time, the pattern of the location of the convolutions is strictly individual - there are no two people on earth with the same brains.

Anatomically, the surface of the cerebral hemispheres is divided into several parts or lobes, limited by the most significant convolutions:

1. Frontal lobe. At the back it is limited by the central groove, at the bottom - by the lateral groove. In the direction forward from the central sulcus and parallel to it, the superior and inferior precentral sulci lie. Between them and the central sulcus is the anterior central gyrus. From both precentral sulci the superior and inferior frontal sulci extend at right angles, bounding the three frontal gyri - the superior middle and inferior.
2. Parietal lobe. This lobe is bounded anteriorly by the central sulcus, inferiorly by the lateral sulcus, and posteriorly by the parieto-occipital and transverse occipital sulcus. Parallel to and anterior to the central sulcus is the postcentral sulcus, which divides into the superior and inferior sulci. Between it and the central sulcus is the posterior central gyrus.
3. Occipital lobe. Furrows and convolutions on outer surface occipital lobe capable of changing their direction. The most constant of them is the superior occipital gyrus. At the border of the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe there are several transitional gyri. The first surrounds the lower end, which extends onto the outer surface of the hemisphere of the parieto-occipital sulcus. In the posterior part of the occipital lobe there are one or two polar grooves, which have a vertical direction and limit the descending occipital gyrus at the occipital pole.
4. Temporal lobe. This part of the hemisphere is bounded in front by the lateral sulcus, and in the posterior section by a line connecting the posterior end of the lateral sulcus with the lower end of the transverse occipital sulcus. On the outer surface temporal lobe There are the superior, middle and inferior temporal sulci. The surface of the superior temporal gyrus forms bottom wall lateral groove and is divided into two parts: the opercular, covered with the parietal operculum, and the anterior - insular.
5. Island. Located in the depths of the lateral sulcus.

Thus, it turns out that the cerebral cortex, covering the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres, is the main element of the central nervous system, which allows you to process and reproduce information received from environment through the senses: sight, touch, smell, hearing and taste. It also participates in the formation of cortical reflexes, purposeful actions and participates in the formation of human behavioral characteristics.

What are the left and right hemispheres of the brain responsible for?

The entire surface of the forebrain cortex, which includes the terminal section, is covered with grooves and ridges that divide the surface of the cerebral hemispheres into several lobes:

• Frontal. Located in the anterior part of the cerebral hemispheres, it is responsible for performing voluntary movements, speech and mental activity. It also controls thinking and determines human behavior in society.
• Parietal. Participates in understanding the spatial orientation of the body, and also analyzes the proportions and size of external objects.
• Occipital. With its help, the brain processes and analyzes incoming visual information.
• Temporal. Serves as an analyzer of taste and auditory sensations, and is also involved in understanding speech, forming emotions and remembering incoming data.
• Island. Serves as a taste analyzer.

In the course of research, experts have found that the cerebral cortex perceives and reproduces information coming from the senses in a mirror way, that is, when a person decides to move his right hand, then at that moment the motor zone of the left hemisphere begins to work and vice versa - if the movement is made with the left hand, then the right hemisphere of the brain works.

The right and left hemispheres of the brain have the same morphological structure, but despite this, they perform different functions in the body.

In short, the work of the left hemisphere is aimed at logical thinking and analytical perception of information, while the right hemisphere is a generator of ideas and spatial thinking.

The areas of specialization of both hemispheres are discussed in more detail in the table:

Also, the cortex of the left and right hemispheres of the brain is involved in the appearance conditioned reflexes, characteristic feature which is that they are formed throughout a person’s life and are not constant, that is, they can disappear and reappear depending on environmental conditions.

In this case, the incoming information is processed by all functional centers of the cerebral hemispheres: auditory, speech, motor, visual, which allows the body to respond without resorting to mental activity, that is, at the subconscious level. For this reason, newborn children do not have conditioned reflexes, since they do not have life experience.

Left hemisphere of the brain and related functions

Externally, the left side of the brain is practically no different from the right - for each person, the location of the zones and the number of convolutions are the same on both sides of the organ. But at the same time she is mirror image right hemisphere.

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the perception of verbal information, that is, data transmitted through speech, writing or text. His motor area is responsible for the correct pronunciation of speech sounds, beautiful handwriting, and a predisposition to writing and reading. At the same time, a developed temporal zone will indicate a person’s ability to remember dates, numbers and other written symbols.

Also, in addition to the main functions, the left hemisphere of the brain performs a number of tasks that determine certain character traits:

• The ability to think logically leaves its mark on human behavior, so there is an opinion that people with developed logic are selfish. But this is not because such people see benefit in everything, but because their brain is looking for more rational ways to solve problems, sometimes to the detriment of others.
• Lovingness. People with a developed left hemisphere, thanks to their persistence, are able to achieve the object of attraction different ways, but, unfortunately, after acquiring what they want, they quickly cool down - they simply are not interested in becoming, due to this, most people are predictable.
• Thanks to their punctuality and logical approach to everything, most “left-hemisphere” people have innate politeness towards others, although for this in childhood they often have to be reminded of certain norms of behavior.
• People with a developed left hemisphere almost always reason logically. For this reason, they cannot accurately interpret the behavior of others, especially when the situation is not ordinary.
• Since individuals with a developed left hemisphere are consistent in everything, they rarely make syntactic and spelling errors when writing texts. In this regard, their handwriting is distinguished by the correct spelling of letters and numbers.
• They learn quickly because they can concentrate all their attention on one thing.
• As a rule, people with a developed left hemisphere are reliable, that is, you can rely on them in any matter.

If a person exhibits all of the above qualities, then this gives reason to assume that his left hemisphere is more developed compared to right side brain

The right hemisphere of the brain and its functions

The specialization of the right hemisphere of the brain is intuition and perception of non-verbal information, that is, data expressed in facial expressions, gestures and intonation of the interlocutor.

It is noteworthy that people with a developed right hemisphere are able to demonstrate their abilities in certain types of art: painting, modeling, music, poetry. This is explained by the fact that they are able to think spatially, without focusing on unimportant events in life. Their imagination is rich, which manifests itself when painting and musical works. They also say about such people: “Having their head in the clouds.”

People with a developed right hemisphere also have a number of characteristic features:

• They are overly emotional, and their speech is rich in epithets and comparisons. Often such a speaker swallows sounds, trying to bring as much meaning as possible into the spoken words.
• People with a developed right hemisphere are holistic, open, trusting and naive in communicating with others, but at the same time they are easily offended or offended. At the same time, they are not shy about their feelings - they can cry or become angry in a matter of minutes.
• They act according to their mood.
• Right-brain people are able to find non-standard ways to solve problems; this is explained by the fact that they consider the whole situation as a whole, without focusing on one thing.

Which half of the brain is dominant?

Since the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for logic and a rational approach in everything, it was previously believed that it is leading in everything central system. However, this is not so: in humans, both hemispheres of the brain participate in life activities almost equally, they are simply responsible for different areas higher mental activity.

It is noteworthy that in childhood For most people, the right hemisphere is usually larger than the left. For this reason the world is perceived somewhat differently than in adulthood - children are prone to fantasies and perception of non-verbal information, everything seems interesting and mysterious to them. Also, by fantasizing, they learn to communicate with the environment: they play out in their minds different situations from life and draw their own conclusions, that is, they gain experience, which is so necessary in adulthood. Subsequently, this information is stored mostly in the left hemisphere.

However, over time, when the basic aspects of life are learned, the activity of the right hemisphere fades away and the body gives preference to the left side of the brain as the storehouse of acquired knowledge. Such disunity in the functioning of parts of the brain negatively affects a person’s quality of life: he becomes unresponsive to everything new and remains conservative in his views on the future.

Which part of the brain is working at the moment can be determined by doing a basic test.

Look at the moving image:

If it rotates clockwise, this means that the left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for logic and analysis, is currently active. If it moves in the opposite direction, this means that the right hemisphere, which is responsible for emotions and intuitive perception of information, is working.

However, if you make an effort, the picture can be made to rotate in any direction: to do this, you first need to look at it with a defocused gaze. Do you see the changes?

Synchronized work of both hemispheres

Despite the fact that the two hemispheres of the telencephalon perceive the world around them differently, it is extremely important for a person that they work harmoniously with each other.

Anatomically, this interaction of the cerebral hemispheres is carried out through the corpus callosum and other adhesions containing a large number of myelin fibers. They symmetrically connect all zones of one part of the telencephalon to another, and also determine the coordinated work of asymmetrical areas of different hemispheres, for example, the frontal gyrus of the right with the parietal or occipital of the left. At the same time, with the help of special structures of neurons - associative fibers, they connect different areas one hemisphere.

The human central nervous system has a cross distribution of responsibilities - the right hemisphere controls the left half of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the right, while the cooperation of both halves can be clearly demonstrated by trying to simultaneously raise your arms parallel to the floor at a right angle - if this works, then this indicates the interaction of both hemispheres at the moment.

It is known that with the help of the left hemisphere, the world looks simpler, while the right side perceives it as it is. This approach allows a person to find more and more new ways to solve problems. difficult situations without complicating your task.

Since the right hemisphere is responsible for emotional perception, without it people would remain soulless “machines”, capable of adapting the world around them to the needs of their life. This is of course not correct - after all, a person would not be a person if he did not have, for example, a sense of beauty or compassion for others.

In most people, the left hemisphere dominates, and in childhood it develops through the perception of information by the right side of the brain, which allows one to significantly expand the experience gained and shape some of the body’s reactions to the world around us.

Since the brain is capable of perceiving and remembering incoming information almost throughout life, with the exception of cases caused by specific diseases, then this allows a person to participate in the development of this organ.

What will the development of each hemisphere give?

First, let's summarize: any human activity begins with a comparison of new data with previous experience, that is, the left hemisphere is involved in this process. At the same time, the right side of the brain influences the final decision - it is physically impossible to come up with something new based only on previous experience.

Such a holistic perception of reality allows one not to get hung up only on generally accepted norms and, accordingly, moves a person’s personal growth forward.

The development of the right hemisphere will help a person to more easily come into contact with others, and the left hemisphere will contribute to the correct expression of thoughts. This approach has a beneficial effect on achieving success not only in professional activities, but also in other activities related to communication within society. Therefore, thanks to the coordinated activity of both hemispheres, a person’s life becomes more harmonious.

To develop these abilities, experts recommend doing simple exercises activating brain activity:

1. If a person is not good with logic, then he is recommended to do as much mental work as possible - solve crosswords or frying pans, and also give preference to solving mathematical problems. If you need to develop creative abilities, then in this case you can try to understand the meaning in fiction or painting.
2. You can activate the work of one of the hemispheres by increasing the load on the side of the body for which it is responsible: for example, to stimulate the left hemisphere, you need to work with the right side of the body, and vice versa. In this case, the exercises do not have to be too complicated - just hop on one leg or try to rotate an object with your hand.

Examples of simple physical exercises to develop brain activity

"Ear-nose"

You need to touch the tip of your nose with your right hand, and the opposite one with your left hand. right ear. Then we release them at the same time, clap our hands and repeat the action, mirroring the position of our hands: with our left hand we hold the tip of our nose, and with our right hand we hold the left ear.

"Ring"

This exercise is familiar to almost everyone since childhood: you need to quickly alternately connect your thumb with your index, middle, ring and little fingers into a ring. If everything works out without a hitch, then you can try doing the exercise with 2 hands at the same time.

"Mirror drawing"

Sit down, put a large sheet of white paper on the table, and a pencil in each hand. Then you need to try to draw any geometric figures- circle, square or triangle. Over time, if everything works out, then you can complicate the task - try to draw more complex images.

It is noteworthy that A complex approach to improve the activity of the cerebral cortex will help not only improve a person’s communication abilities, but also slow down age-related changes in the psyche - as is known, an active lifestyle and mental work allow a person to remain young at heart and preserve his intellectual abilities.

Video: Dominant Hemisphere Test

What are the left and right hemispheres of our brain “responsible for?”

The human brain remains the most poorly understood organ. Despite the fact that research in this area has been going on for more than a hundred years, the secret of brain function remains a mystery. The most difficult biological mechanism The only thing nature has ever created is the human brain. This piece of gray matter remains a huge blank spot on the map of human knowledge.

Most of the brain mass, namely 70%, is located in the cerebral hemispheres. The corpus callosum, which connects the left and right hemispheres, consists of neurons that enable the exchange of information between the hemispheres.

The two hemispheres of our brain share certain functions. The left hemisphere is responsible for logical and abstract thinking, the right for motor skills. The two hemispheres can complement each other. If one of the hemispheres is damaged, its functions are transferred to the other half.

The brain is a complex and interconnected system, the largest and functionally important part of the central nervous system. Its functions include processing sensory information from the senses, planning, decision making, coordination, motor control, positive and negative emotions, attention, memory. The highest function performed by the brain is thinking.

There are schools that favor one hemisphere over the other. Thus, schools that develop the left hemisphere focus their attention on logical thinking, analysis and accuracy. While the right-brain school focuses on aesthetics, feelings and creativity.

The right hemisphere mainly “serves” the left side of the body: it receives most of the information from the left eye, ear, left arm, leg, etc. and transmits commands to the left arm and leg accordingly.

The left hemisphere serves the right side.

Usually one of the hemispheres in a person is dominant, which is reflected in the individual properties of the personality. For example, left-hemisphere people are more drawn to science. Right-hemisphere people are more eager to engage in art or areas of activity that require individual imaginative solutions. The vast majority of great creators - composers, writers, poets, musicians, artists, etc. - "right-brain" people. But there are individuals who work with both hemispheres.

Areas of specialization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Left hemisphere

The main area of ​​specialization of the left hemisphere is logical thinking, and until recently doctors considered this hemisphere to be dominant. However, in fact, it dominates only when performing the following functions.

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language abilities. It controls speech, reading and writing abilities, remembers facts, names, dates and their spelling.

Analytical thinking:
The left hemisphere is responsible for logic and analysis. It is this that analyzes all the facts. Numbers and mathematical symbols are also recognized by the left hemisphere.

Literal understanding of words:
The left hemisphere can only understand the literal meaning of words.

Sequential information processing:

Information is processed by the left hemisphere sequentially in stages.

Mathematical abilities: Numbers and symbols are also recognized by the left hemisphere. Logical analytical approaches, which are necessary for solving mathematical problems, are also a product of the work of the left hemisphere.

Control of movements of the right half of the body. When you lift right hand, this means that the command to raise it came from the left hemisphere.

Right hemisphere

The main area of ​​specialization of the right hemisphere is intuition. As a rule, it is not considered dominant. It is responsible for performing the following functions.

Processing nonverbal information:
The right hemisphere specializes in processing information, which is expressed not in words, but in symbols and images.

Spatial orientation: The right hemisphere is responsible for location perception and spatial orientation in general. It is thanks to the right hemisphere that you can navigate the terrain and create mosaic puzzle pictures.

Musicality: Musical abilities, as well as the ability to perceive music, depend on the right hemisphere, although, however, the left hemisphere is responsible for musical education.

Metaphors: With the help of the right hemisphere, we understand metaphors and the results of other people's imagination. Thanks to it, we can understand not only the literal meaning of what we hear or read. For example, if someone says: “He’s hanging on my tail,” then the right hemisphere will understand exactly what this person wanted to say.

Imagination: The right hemisphere gives us the ability to dream and fantasize. With the help of the right hemisphere we can create different stories. By the way, the question “What if...” is also asked by the right hemisphere.

Artistic ability: The right hemisphere is responsible for visual arts abilities.

Emotions: Although emotions are not a product of the functioning of the right hemisphere, it is more closely related to them than the left.

Sex: The right hemisphere is responsible for sex, unless, of course, you are too concerned about the technique of this process itself.

Mystic: The right hemisphere is responsible for mysticism and religiosity.

Dreams: The right hemisphere is also responsible for dreams.

Parallel information processing:

The right hemisphere can simultaneously process a lot of different information. It is able to look at a problem as a whole without applying analysis. The right hemisphere also recognizes faces, and thanks to it we can perceive a collection of features as a whole.

Controls movements of the left half of the body: When you lift left hand, this means that the command to raise it came from the right hemisphere.

How can you check which hemisphere is more developed in you?

Squeeze your palms in front of you, now interlace your fingers and notice which hand’s thumb is on top.
- clap your hands, mark which hand is on top.
- cross your arms over your chest, mark which forearm is on top.
- determine the leading eye.

How can you develop the abilities of the hemispheres.

There are several simple ways development of the hemispheres. The simplest of them is an increase in the amount of work on which the hemisphere is oriented. For example, to develop logic, you need to solve mathematical problems, solve crosswords, and to develop imagination, visit an art gallery, etc.

The next way is to maximally use the side of the body controlled by the hemisphere - to develop the right hemisphere, you need to work with the left part of the body, and to work out the left hemisphere, you need to work with the right. For example, you can draw, jump on one leg, juggle with one hand.

An exercise on awareness of the right and left hemispheres of the brain will help develop the hemisphere.

1. Preparation for the exercise.

Sit up straight, close your eyes. Breathing should be calm and uniform.

Visualize your brain as consisting of two hemispheres and divided into two halves by the corpus callosum. (See pic above) Focus on your brain.

We try (in our imagination) to establish a connection with our brain, alternately looking with our left eye at the left hemisphere of the brain, and with our right eye at the right. Then, with both eyes, we look inward, at the middle of the brain with the corpus callosum.

2. Doing the exercise.

We inhale slowly, fill with air and hold our breath for a short time. During exhalation, we direct the stream of our consciousness, like a searchlight, to the left hemisphere and “look” at this part of the brain. Then we inhale again, hold our breath and, as we exhale, direct the spotlight to the right hemisphere of the brain.

We imagine: on the left - clear logical thinking; on the right - dream, intuition, inspiration.

Left: inhalation, pause, exhalation associated with the projection of the number.
Right: inhalation, pause, exhalation associated with the projection of the letter.
Those. left: number “1” number “2” number “3”, etc.
Right: letter “A” letter “B” letter “C” etc.

We continue this combination of numbers and letters as long as it evokes pleasant sensations. Letters and numbers can be swapped, or replaced with something else - for example, summer - winter, white - black.

"Ear-nose."

With our left hand we take the tip of the nose, and with our right hand we take the opposite ear, i.e. left. At the same time, release your ear and nose, clap your hands and change the position of your hands so that the right one is holding the tip of the nose, and the left one is holding the opposite one, i.e. right ear.

"Ring".

We move our fingers one by one and very quickly, connecting them into a ring with thumb index, middle, ring, little finger. First, you can do it with each hand separately, then with both hands simultaneously.

"Mirror drawing"

Place a blank sheet of paper on the table and take a pencil. Draw mirror-symmetrical designs and letters with both hands at the same time. When doing this exercise, you should feel your eyes and hands relax, because when both hemispheres work simultaneously, the efficiency of the entire brain improves.

Brain training with imagery

The left hemisphere of the brain deals with logical thinking, while the right hemisphere deals with visual thinking and feeling.
Part 1:

Sadiya, immerse yourself in a state of inner peace, transparency, a state when nothing bothers you.

Imagine (imagine) in turn:

In the left hemisphere of the brain

Medieval religious procession of a group of monks

Blooming trees

Snow covered peak

Sunrise

Hot summer day

Red color

Theater stage

Slowly flowing river

Feeling when touching soft silk

Sandpaper feeling

Feeling like your fingers are sliding on a piece of ice

The sound of a big ball hitting

The sound of a blacksmith at work

Sound - a cat meows

Lemon flavor

In the right hemisphere

Whirlwind on the coast

Galaxy

Snow covered peak

Autumn day

Thick fog

sandy desert

Touching a piece of corrugated steel

Feeling of smooth, cool glass

The hand is in warm water

Car engine noise

The sound of a bell

The sound of a dog barking

Taste of chocolate bar

Take a few deep breaths. Stand up slowly. Walk around the room a little, suggesting that you are becoming more alert, your consciousness is more active. And immediately do part 2.

Part 2:

Look up with your left eye, as if you were looking at the left hemisphere of your brain.

Look up with your right eye, as if you were examining the right hemisphere of your brain.

Try to rotate your eyes vertically. It's like they're spinning right in the middle of the head.

Circle 2 circles with your eyes on the left side of your head.

Circle 2 circles with your eyes, on the right.

Draw your eyes around many circles that fit into each other. The circles are tilted at different angles. Circles fill the entire head.

Rest for a while, don't do anything.

Circle the circle with your eyes: it is located horizontally, at eye height. The next circle is a little smaller. Draw many circles like this until they turn into a dot.

Stop your eyes on this point. And keep them there as long as possible. But don't tense up or hold your breath.

When your eyes move from this point, draw them again in many circles that converge to a point.

Take a few deep breaths. Stand up slowly. Walk around the room a little, suggesting that you are becoming more cheerful, your consciousness is becoming more active.

And immediately do part 3.

Part 3:

Imagine the right hemisphere of your brain.

Focus on the right hemisphere,

On it - like a supersensitive organ,

On the curves and irregularities on the surface,

On the nerve that connects the 2 hemispheres,

On millions of brain cells.

Try to feel the 2 hemispheres of the brain.

Think about the electrical and chemical processes going on in the brain.

Name the colors, not what is written.

The right hemisphere of the brain recognizes colors, the left hemisphere reads. This exercise involves balancing the hemispheres and training their interaction. For safety (from user glitches), the test begins and ends with the “correct” word-color combinations.

The human brain is the most important and yet least studied organ of the human body.

Let's figure out what our brain hemispheres are responsible for and why some people have mainly the left one active, while others have the right one.

What is the left hemisphere of the brain responsible for?

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for verbal information. It controls reading, speaking and writing. Thanks to its work, a person can remember a variety of dates, facts and events.

Also the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for logical thinking. Here, all information received from outside is processed, analyzed, classified and conclusions are formulated. It processes information analytically and sequentially.

What is the right hemisphere of the brain responsible for?

Right By the hemisphere of the brain is responsible for processing nonverbal information expressed in images rather than words. This is also where a person’s ability to various types creativity, the ability to indulge in dreams, fantasize, compose. It is responsible for generating creative ideas and thoughts.

Also right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for recognition of complex images, such as people's faces, as well as the emotions displayed on these faces. It processes information simultaneously and holistically.

It should be noted that for successful life a person needs coordinated work of both hemispheres.

Which hemisphere of your brain is active?

There is a visual, psychophysiological cerebral hemisphere test(Vladimir Pugach’s test), with which you can easily determine which half of your brain is active at a given time. Look at the picture. Which direction is the girl spinning?

If clockwise, it means that at the moment your left hemisphere activity predominates, and if it’s counterclockwise, then right hemisphere activity predominates.

Some may observe the moment when the activity of the hemispheres changes, and then the girl begins to rotate in reverse side. This is characteristic of people (very few) who simultaneously have left-hemisphere and right-hemisphere brain activity, the so-called ambidextrous people.

They can achieve the effect of changing the direction of rotation by tilting the head or sequentially concentrating and defocusing their vision.

What about the child's brain?

The most intensive development of the brain occurs in the first years of a child’s life. And at this time, the right hemisphere is dominant in children. Since a child learns about the world through images, almost everything thought processes happen exactly in it.

But we live in a world of logic, in a world with a crazy pace of life, we are in a hurry to do everything, we want more for our children. We try to give them the maximum, we stock up on all kinds of techniques early development and practically from the cradle we begin to teach our children to read and count, we try to give them encyclopedic knowledge, giving early stimulation to the left, while the imaginative, intuitive right remains, as it were, out of work.

And, therefore, when a child grows and matures, the left hemisphere becomes dominant, and in the right, due to the lack of stimulation and a decrease in the number of connections between the two halves of the brain, an irreversible decrease in potential occurs.

I want to assure you right away that I am not encouraging you to let mental development your children are left to their own devices. Vice versa! The age of up to 6 years is the most successful age for developing brain potential. It’s just that development should not be so early as it should be timely. And if it is inherent in nature, that in early age In children, the right is dominant, then maybe it is worth developing it, without trying to early stimulate the work of the left with techniques aimed at developing logical thinking?

Moreover, the opportunities that our children lose in childhood precisely because of the lack of training of the right hemisphere include truly phenomenal abilities. For example: memorizing unlimited amounts of information using images (photographic memory), speed reading, and this is only the beginning of the list of superpowers that your child can have with proper systematic training of the right hemisphere.

I will tell you more about the superpowers that children with a developed right hemisphere have in the next article.

Nadezhda Ryzhkovets

Brain - main body The central nervous system, which consists of a huge number of nerve cells and their processes, interconnected. This organ almost completely occupies the cavity of the cerebral part of the skull. It provides protection to the brain from external damage. As a person develops and matures, the brain gradually takes the shape of the skull.

Due to the activity of the brain, a person sees, hears, walks, works, experiences emotions, is able to communicate with other people, analyze, and think.

Structure

In adult men and women, the total mass of the organ is about 1.3-1.5 kg. The male and female brains differ little in weight (in women it is slightly lighter), while in newborns the weight of the organ is no more than 350-400 g, and in a 12-year-old child - ~800-1000 g. The brain is located in the cranium and is closed by three shells. It has a specific structure. The most significant parts of the organ are: the medulla oblongata and the posterior (which includes the pons and the cerebellum, located behind the pons), the forebrain, the diencephalon, and the midbrain.

The right and left hemispheres of the brain are responsible for regulating higher nervous activity, because they contain departments that are responsible for writing, speech, hearing, and vision. Thanks to the cerebellum, balance is ensured, and the trunk contains developed centers that control the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

In men, the brain completely stops growing in size around the age of 25, while in women this process is completed by the age of 15.

Between the two halves of the organ there is a longitudinal fissure, the basis of which is corpus callosum, connecting the hemispheres, ensuring coordination of their work with each other. Since school times, we have known from anatomy that the halves are responsible for the work of opposite sides of the body. For example, the right half is responsible for the functioning of the left side of the body.

Functions of the left hemisphere

The hemispheres of the brain are interconnected with the rest of the central nervous system, therefore they function together with subcortical structures.

If one of the hemispheres is damaged, then the other may take over part of its functions. This indicates the associated support for the functioning of movements, higher nervous activity, sensitivity, and sensory organs.

The cortex has several zones that are responsible for performing specific functions. These zones only work together. For example, if a person wants to say something, then he thinks, analyzes, calculates, and then only speaks. In the process of communication, people express emotions: they are sad, happy, worried, laughing, etc., they gesture, using their facial muscles and hands. Such work is ensured by the general functioning of:

• several zones of the cortex;
• subcortical nuclei;
• spinal and cranial nerves.

At the moment, less than 50% of the human brain has been studied by world science, but the process continues continuously.

Frontal lobe of the left hemisphere

If we talk about what the left hemisphere is responsible for, then first we should talk about the frontal lobe, which ensures a person’s ability to speak and think. This is one of the most important parts of the brain. Thanks to it, emotions appear and appear, behavior and thought processes are controlled.

Speech motor area

Allows for normal functioning facial muscles, which is necessary for pronouncing complex phrases and words. To put it differently, thanks to the speech motor area, speech is formed in a person as a whole. If he is right-handed, then in the left hemisphere the speech motor zone takes up much more space than in the right, and if he is left-handed, everything is exactly the opposite.

If the zone is destroyed or severely damaged, the ability to speak is automatically lost. In this case, a person will be able to sing and scream without words. Also, if damaged, the ability to read to oneself and formulate one’s thoughts is lost. Such damage does not affect the function of understanding the speech of other people.

There is a common myth that a person uses only 5-10% of his brain capacity. This is not true, because cells that are not used simply die.

Motor area

The left and right hemispheres contain the motor cortex, which is necessary to ensure the activity of the striated muscles. In the left hemisphere, the activity of the right side of the body, coordination of precise movements, and orientation on the ground are controlled. To this zone internal organs send their impulses.

If the motor cortex is damaged, the following problems will occur:

• irregularities in work of cardio-vascular system, respiratory organs;
• paresis of limbs;
• ataxia.

Parietal lobe

Here is the area of ​​sensitivity of muscles, joints, skin. The left hemisphere receives impulses from receptors on the right side of the body.

If this area is damaged, then, in most cases, a person will experience sensory disturbances in some areas of the body, and he will lose the ability to determine things by touch. There is also a loss of touch, sensitivity to ambient temperature, and cannot be felt painful sensations on the right side of the body.

Temporal lobe

Its main functions are vestibular sensitivity and hearing. If the zone is damaged, the right ear will stop hearing, and the left ear will lose the ability to hear normally. The person will move less accurately and will begin to stagger when walking. Not far from the temporal lobe is the auditory speech center, through which we can understand spoken speech and hear our own.

Occipital lobe

At the base of the brain, visual and auditory fibers intersect. Therefore, the visual zone of the left hemisphere receives impulses from the retina of the right and left eyes. Moreover, if the area is damaged, the person will not experience complete blindness - disturbances are observed only in the left eye.

The occipital part of the head is also necessary to ensure normal operation visual speech center - with its help we recognize written words and letters and read.

Hemisphere specializations

The left and right hemispheres of the brain are responsible for certain functions.

The main specialization of the left hemisphere is logical thinking, so it used to be widely believed that the left side is dominant. But the dominance of the left hemisphere is observed only when performing certain functions:

• Language abilities, ensuring speech control, the ability to read and write, memory (memorizing facts, names, dates, etc., writing them), learning foreign languages.
• Understanding words (the left hemisphere can only understand the meaning of what is said literally).
• Analytical thinking (recognition of numbers and mathematical symbols, logic, analysis of facts).
• Sequential information processing (the left hemisphere processes the received information in stages). The left side considers all the available details - it does not see the big picture, unlike the right side, and therefore is not able to put together the information received.
• Mathematical abilities (the left side recognizes symbols, numbers, a logical and analytical approach is used to solve mathematical problems, which are also provided by this hemisphere).
• Control of the right side of the body (if you raise your right leg, this will indicate that the corresponding command came from the left hemisphere).

The hemispheres of the human brain interact with each other, so during mental activity the central nervous system uses them together. The functioning of the two hemispheres is synchronized. The central nervous system activates them and connects the results obtained. But it is still customary to clearly separate their mental functions.

It is widely believed that what bigger brain, the smarter and more brilliant the person is, but this is a fallacy. Albert Einstein had a relatively small brain, weighing about 1.2 kg. The size of the organ does not in any way affect the quality of mental activity.

There is a precise division of certain functions. The right hemisphere is primarily responsible for intuition, so it cannot dominate. Its main functions also include:

• Processing of non-verbal information (symbols, images).
• Spatial orientation. The hemisphere allows a person to navigate in space and correctly perceive his location. Due to the work of this side of the brain, a person is able to competently find the way to the right place, taking into account various factors, and create mosaic puzzle images.
• Metaphors. Thanks to the work of the hemisphere, people can correctly perceive metaphors, solve riddles, and recognize the results of another person’s imagination. If the left hemisphere allows us to literally understand and analyze the meaning of what has been written, then the right hemisphere takes a creative approach. For example, if we hear the following metaphor: “Simple as a felt boot,” then due to the work of the hemisphere we will understand what they wanted to convey to us.

• Mystic. Religion, mystical phenomena, superstitions and much more from these areas - the right hemisphere of our brain is responsible for all this.
• Musicality. Creativity is also considered to be the activity of the right hemisphere. Talents in the field of music, the ability to perceive musical works, and much more related to music and other creativity are provided by the work of this side of the brain. It is interesting to note that not the right, but the left hemisphere will be responsible for receiving musical education.
• Imagination. Thanks to the right side of the brain, we can dream, imagine, fantasize. The hemisphere completely controls these processes, allows us to come up with all sorts of stories, develops thoughts related to coming up with new solutions and paths, makes predictions, connects memories into a single whole, etc. For example, exactly Right side asks questions like “What if?” and many others related to the creative thought process.
• Emotions. If we talk about what our right hemisphere is responsible for, then the list can also include emotions that, in fact, are not a product of the activity of this hemisphere. At the same time, they are associated with right side much more than with the left, which scientists have long been able to prove.