Connective tissue massage is a massage connective tissue in the area of ​​reflex zones. In this tissue there are many autonomic nerve endings, the impact on which explains the positive effect of massage. As a result, blood circulation and metabolism are improved, spasms of smooth muscles and tension in the connective tissue are relieved, the work of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system is coordinated, and the processes of scar regeneration and adhesion resorption are launched. The development of this procedure is based on the fact discovered by scientists that violations of the functions of the connective tissue can provoke diseases. internal organs. This conclusion is not surprising, because this tissue is part of all organs of the human body.

Connective tissue massage is recommended for those people who have a sufficient amount of connective tissue and its changes are noticeable - pits (retractions) or edema (swelling). The indications for it are:
- diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- headache;
- peripheral vascular disease;
- diseases of internal organs (chronic or subacute);
- scars and adhesions;
- deformity of the feet;
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- diseases of the peripheral nervous system (sciatica, lumbalgia, etc.);
- various female diseases(consequences of adnexitis, amenorrhea, climacteric disorders, etc.).
Contraindications are acute conditions: heart attack, stroke, exacerbation of sciatica and other disorders in which you can not perform any massage.
In any case, before going to a session of connective tissue massage, you should consult with a competent specialist who should know about all your diseases. Sometimes massage is considered appropriate even in the presence of some contraindication, and sometimes it is harmful or simply unnecessary, even if total absence these.

Connective tissue massage technique

Connective tissue massage is most often performed with the tips of the middle and ring fingers and consists in the tension of a particular area of ​​tissue, the displacement of tissue from the edges of muscles, bones, fascia. Other fingers may also be involved. The main technique is displacement. During the procedure, you may experience a feeling of pain.
Distinguish three techniques of connective tissue massage:
1) skin - produce a shift between the skin and the subcutaneous layer;
2) subcutaneous - displacement between the subcutaneous layer and the fascia;
3) fascial - displacement in the fascia.
This or that technique is chosen depending on the patient's condition and indications for massage. Connective tissue massage is performed in the supine position, on the side or sitting. The most optimal position is lying on your side, and lying on your stomach, which is familiar to many types of massage, is not recommended in this technique.

During the massage, you must adhere to the following rules:
- displacement is done without pressure;
- when working with the first fingers, it is recommended to bypass the wrist joints in order to avoid felting and kneading;
- they displace both superficial and tissues adjacent to the fascia.
The greatest effect of connective tissue massage is observed when combined with water relaxing procedures. It can be performed as an independent or additional treatment method.
After the massage, after 1-2 hours, there may be a feeling of fatigue and therefore the person being massaged after the session needs to have time to rest. Sometimes fatigue piles up immediately after the procedure - to relieve it, you can drink sweet tea.
As a prophylactic and in the presence of chronic diseases, connective tissue massage can be performed twice a year in courses - 12-15 sessions each in autumn and spring.

Today people have enough time and attention devote to their health.

At the same time, they use the most different means, preparations, methods and even different kinds massage, with which you can activate the most hard-to-reach points on the body.

IN Lately began to enjoy great popularity connective tissue massage. It has a rather favorable effect on the body and is very effective way treatment for a wide range of diseases.

Connective tissue massage is one of the many massage techniques that involves active impact on points located in the reflex zones of connective tissues.

This method has been widely used for about a hundred years, but only recently it has become quite popular, which is due to its beneficial effect almost all systems human body as well as general well-being.

Indications and contraindications

There are some of the most common indications for course of special connective tissue massage. These include:

1. Clearly pronounced violation normal functions connective tissues.
2. Marked deterioration in mobility skin.
3. Changes in the relief of the surface of the skin in the area of ​​​​the alleged focus of a particular disease.
4. The appearance of sharp pain as a result of palpation.

However, there are also contraindications:

1. Availability serious illnesses internal organs.
2. The development of any pathology of the musculoskeletal system.

The effect of massage on the body

Connective tissue massage has a fairly strong physiological effect on the body.

As a result of its regular use over a sufficiently long period of time, one can observe following changes:

1. A noticeable increase in material metabolism in tissues.
2. Improvement of blood circulation throughout the body.
3. Effective elimination of strong tension of connective tissues.
4. Quick relief from negative reactions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

To achieve such results, in some cases it is necessary to use a large number various medications, what negatively reflected on the general condition organism as a whole.

That is why many experts recommend their patients to undergo a course of connective tissue massage. but must be remembered that only a professional in his field can correctly perform all the necessary manipulations and achieve the maximum effect.

Connective tissue massage technique

This type of massage is performed by this method: the specialist gently stretches the connective tissues with the pads of the third and fourth fingers. There are several techniques for its implementation:

1. Skin technique, which provides for a significant displacement between the upper layer of the skin and subcutaneous tissues.
2. Subcutaneous technique represents the displacement between the subcutaneous layer and the underlying fascia.
3. Fascial technique, implying displacement in the fascia.

All of the above techniques have one common feature , which lies in the fact that as a result of tension, the body experiences irritation.

Such a massage is performed when the patient is in one of several starting positions: lying on his back or on his side, sitting upright. Experts do not recommend perform connective tissue massage in the initial position lying on the stomach.

most suitable the position is considered to be lying on its side, because it is then that the muscles relax much better, and the position of the hands of the massage therapist is diagonal, so the appearance of all kinds of undesirable autonomic reactions is excluded in a person.

Connective tissue massage is usually performed fingertips. However, in some cases it can be performed with the ulnar and radial sides of the fingers, with one finger, as well as with the entire surface of the fingertips.

Quite often used planar type connective tissue massage, in which the displacement of connective tissues occurs only along the plane from the edges of the muscles and bones or fascia.

The main thing guidelines lies in the fact that the massage therapist needs to without fail constantly adjust the severity of cutting sensations by gradually changing the pace of the massage, while taking into account the degree of tension of the connective tissues.

Yes, it is necessary pay attention to the following features:

1. With a small angle of setting the fingers, the effect on the connective tissues is only superficial.
2. If there is a strong cutting sensation, then you need to change the setting of the fingers.
3. The appearance of cutting sensations is not considered a sign of optimal dosing.

Frequency and duration of the course

Connective tissue massage is recommended 2-3 times a week. The duration of the course of treatment using this technique in most cases is determined by a specialist, depending on individual features body of a particular patient and his diseases.

Connective tissue massage is a fairly effective way to improve general health human, as well as the treatment of various diseases. However, such manipulations should be carried out only by an experienced specialist to exclude the occurrence of side effects.

In the middle of the century before last, the German physiotherapist Elizabeth Dicke, based on empirical observations, on the clinical data of W. Kohlrausch, H. Leube, together with them developed a new systematized technique known as “connective tissue massage”. The publication of her book “Bindgewebsmassage” (Connective Tissue Massage) is a milestone in the history of massage. In her work, she used the results scientific research Head and Mackenzie. This technique is known as connective tissue massage Dicke-Leube (Dick-Leube).

Diagnostic palpation (kinesthetic palpation) was proposed as early as 1913 by Cornelius. The diagnostic part of connective tissue massage is based on the mobility of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in relation to the underlying base. Stretching and shifting action is carried out almost exclusively by the third and fourth fingers. skin, subcutaneous tissues and muscles are evaluated by palpation (“to the touch”), their mobility, turgor, tone, soreness are noted, while it is important that palpation is carried out carefully and gently. Too strong influences cause a reflex protective reaction in the form of an increase in tone and can distort the initial diagnostic picture. Depending on the position of the finger (the angle between the finger and the surface of the skin), a superficial or deeper effect on the connective tissue is carried out.

In principle, treatment always begins with superficial stroking, and then proceeds to deeper effects. There is a basic rule: massage is always carried out from the bottom up, starting from the lumbosacral region. Next, the massage slowly moves up, involving in therapeutic effect, upper floors.

Two basic rules of connective tissue massage:

Incentives should never be too strong

You should never start massage from the affected segment. When exercising the impact, starting from the bottom, based on the principle of structure vegetative system, there is a uniform distribution of stimuli to the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which leads to the excitation of the functions associated with them.

With segmental massage according to the Leube and Dicke method, the massaging finger, having penetrated into the subcutaneous connective tissue layer and remaining in it, moves tangentially, rectilinearly or slightly arcuately in accordance with the direction of the Benningoff line (Fig. 46).

Rice. 46. ​​The location of the lines of greatest resistance to stretching of individual areas of the skin according to Beringoff (front and back view)

It is very important that the massaging finger does not move forward in jerks, but slowly slides, stretching the tense subcutaneous connective tissue, so that the massaging finger feels the tension of this tissue gradually leaving under it. When massaging the palmar surface of the entire terminal phalanx or the palmar surface of the terminal phalanges of 2-4 fingers, this massage technique has a calming effect on the massaged tissue. The wider and more superficial stroke massage effect, the more pronounced its calming effect.

The treatment session begins with the so-called diagnostic stroking. The direction of massage effects at the level of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine on the back near the spine, first from one side, and then from the other side, starting from the sacrum and up to the C7 level. This technique provides information on the segmental localization of irritation zones, when pressed with a moving finger, patients feel cutting pains in these zones. Usually massage is carried out in the position of the patient sitting and, only if the patient cannot sit, in the position lying on his side. As already mentioned, the therapeutic effect begins with the lumbosacral region. These so-called small impacts consist of: stroking movements in the outward direction over the pelvis; short hook-shaped strokes on both sides lumbar spine; fan-shaped strokes between the iliac crest of the fifth lumbar vertebra; "diamond-shaped area" between the fifth lumbar vertebra, the upper edge of the intergluteal fold and the iliac-sacral joints; stretching strokes along the lower thoracic inlet; symmetrical strokes above the collarbones and in the area pectoral muscles.

Later added the following tricks:

Flat transverse strokes over the sacrum and along the long extensors of the back;

Hook-shaped and stretching movements in the ischial tuberosity and trochanteric region;

Formation of the "upper fan" in the area between the 12th rib and the spine. Next, strokes are included in the five lower intercostal spaces from the 7th to the 12th thoracic vertebra, followed again by paravertebral hook-like movements and symmetrical stroking of the pectoral muscles. During the final sessions, additional techniques are used, the most important of which are "large symmetrical strokes".

They begin on the anterior surface of the body from the axillary line in the sixth and seventh intercostal spaces, continue posteriorly around the lower end of the scapula and further to the seventh cervical vertebra.

The following low impact area includes the shoulder joint and axilla:

Hook-like movements from the 7th thoracic to the 7th cervical vertebra;

Diagonal stretching movements of the fingers from the spine to the inner edge of the scapula;

Deeper stretch along the inner edge of the scapula;

Stroking along the edges of the scapula from the lower end towards shoulder joint and along the axis of the scapula outwards.

In the course of further treatment, we can talk about the use of the following additional techniques:

Cross stroking between the shoulder blades;

Transverse flat fan-shaped stroking over the shoulder blades; stretching strokes along the anterior and posterior axillary folds;

Pulling effect on the anterior edge of the trapezius muscle;

Longitudinal strokes and hook-shaped effects in the sternum from the bottom up.

Then proceed to neck massage:

Diverging rays of stroking in the region of the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra;

Paravertebral stretching strokes up to the back of the head, in the same place hook-like strokes;

Stretching the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the point of its attachment to the mastoid process.

All these impacts end with symmetrical strokes in the area of ​​the pectoral muscles. The speed of manifestation of the effect of this massage depends entirely on the reflex reactions of the patient. The frequency of sessions (from daily to weekly) depends both on this and on whether the disease is acute or chronic. On average, patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system require 12-15 sessions, of which 3-5 sessions are for major minor effects. While in diseases of the spine the most favorable is the whole complex of effects, then in lesions lower extremities you should start with the main small impacts and then, if necessary, move on to the rest. Disease upper limbs most often treated general scheme.

Connective tissue massage can find successful application with the following diseases of the musculoskeletal system:

At post-traumatic disorders, contractures, with Zudek's syndrome;

With deforming arthrosis (coxarthrosis, gonarthrosis);

With shoulder-scapular periarthrosis, with a “frozen” shoulder;

With epicondylitis.

At muscle pain due to overvoltage:

With pseudoradicular syndrome, with lumbago and cervical syndrome;

With postischialgic circulatory disorders.

The technique of connective tissue massage is also widely considered in the section of such a medical specialty as manual therapy (myofascial pain, myofascial technique), but this is a separate topic that requires special coverage.

Deep tissue massage

It affects the fascia - connective tissue that surrounds, supports and connects all the internal structures of the body: skeletal muscles, tendons, bones, ligaments, internal organs. And since the fasciae surround and connect all the elements of the body, tension in one area can negative impact on the system as a whole.

Deep tissue massage acts on tense and inflamed fasciae and eliminates tension in them, and therefore eliminates muscle pain.

We do not think at all about the uncomfortable state our whole body is sometimes in, while we are doing our daily work.We gradually get used to discomfort in the whole body, considering it an integral part of our lifestyle. chronic pain in the back, pain in the legs, pain in the shoulder and neck area become our constant companions. Only later long time we accidentally, sometimes in a photo or video, find that “suddenly” we began to stoop, and straightening our back and pulling our shoulders back became uncomfortable or even painful. This chronic tension fettered our body.

Let's take as an example a young mother who devotes a lot of time every day to caring for a newborn baby.Motion sickness, carrying the baby in her arms, forced posture during feeding, repeated bending over to the crib and back extension with the baby in her arms, the tradition of bathing the baby in a low bath, uncomfortable posture during sleep, inability to relax at night due to frequent rises to the baby.

The purpose of deep tissue massage is to restore structural integrity and balance within the body by relieving chronic tension.

I want to warn my patients against a common misconception that the stronger the pain during a massage, the supposedly more effective this effect. The concept of "deep tissue massage" does not mean at all that the massage therapist simply "presses harder."

Deep tissue massage is a powerful tool for solving musculoskeletal problems.

The Amazing Power of Deep Tissue Massage is based on a very deep knowledge of the massage therapist anatomy of muscles, fascia, tendons. Each muscle has its own unique position in the body; each muscle has its own sheath-fascia and perfectly clear placesattachment to the bones of the skeleton.
In addition, each muscle or group of muscles is intended by nature for a person to perform strictly defined movements. Knowledge of such patterns allows our specialists in deep tissue massage already according to the patient's complaints, understand which particular muscle group has suffered. When the patient can explain or show exactly which movements cause back pain or discomfort, then the masseur with a high degree probability selects the necessary massage technique.

Deep tissue massage is a painless, gentle effect aimed at restoring the normal shape of connective tissues. With the help of deep tissue massage, it is possible to normalize the function of the entire musculoskeletal system, as unified system, eliminate local congestion and relieve pain.
Deep tissue massage is fundamentally different from classical massage, expanding the capabilities of the massage therapist.

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See also other treatments:

* Massageclassical, medical, post-isometric relaxation (PIR),
deep tissue massage , myotensive chiromassage of the body (Spanish) ,anti-cellulite , relaxation massage
* KinesioTaping(a therapeutic method created by Japanese scientists, using a unique elastic tape)
*

Connective tissue massage

Connective tissue massage is a massage of the connective tissue in reflex zones. This type of massage was developed in 1929.

In various diseases of organs and systems, an increase in the tone of the interstitial connective tissue in body segments that have a common innervation with the affected organs was found. The connective tissue is located in three transitional layers - between the skin and the subcutaneous layer, between the subcutaneous layer and the fascia, and in the fascia of the trunk and limbs. These highly stressed tissue areas are called connective tissue zones. In these zones, the finger, moved along the skin with its tension, feels resistance.

Zones with reflex changes in the subcutaneous connective tissue, close to the skin, are observed with articular rheumatism, with poliomyelitis in children, and those close to the fascia are more common with chronic diseases.

The superficial zones of the subcutaneous connective tissue often coincide with the zones of the Year. However, the zones of the Year are sensitive to temperature stimuli. Zones of subcutaneous connective tissues close to the skin, on the contrary, appear painful sensations on palpation and even on stroking. In the back area, subcutaneous connective tissues are detected by swelling in the corresponding zones. The subcutaneous connective tissue zones are interconnected, like internal organs in the viscero-visceral reflex. Zones with reflex changes in the surface layers of the subcutaneous connective tissues are observed only when acute diseases or in the period of exacerbation of chronic. After the cessation of acute phenomena, these zones disappear. In the deep layers, the connective tissue zones remain palpable. They are found in the following cases: 1) after the cessation of acute events; 2) when functional changes; 3) clinically healthy people whose fathers had stomach problems and their mothers had migraines.

There are so-called clinically silent zones. These areas are more difficult to palpate, but they play an important role in therapy. Zones of subcutaneous connective tissues are found mainly on the back, buttocks, thighs, sacrum, chest and shoulder blades. Clinically silent zones - the most vulnerable place or the place with the least resistance.

There are 3 ways to identify areas of connective tissue: 1) questioning the patient (with functional disorders); 2) detection of organic changes; 3) detection of imbalance in the autonomic nervous system.

Connective tissue response to massage. Connective tissue zones in acute, subacute and chronic diseases are quite pronounced. Under the influence of a typical massage technique, tension in the connective tissues decreases. The reaction of connective tissues is specific not only for internal organs and segments, but also for the entire autonomic system. The result is the normalization of its tone. Connective tissue massage is thus a whole technique, and not just local treatment. It has been established that the more pronounced complaints and reflex changes in the connective tissues, the stronger the neuro-reflex reaction to connective tissue massage. Connective tissue massage causes certain reactions of the skin and the autonomic nervous system.

Subjective sensations and skin reactions to connective tissue massage. During connective tissue massage, the patient feels pain and scratching in places of tension of the connective tissues. This feeling is typical for massage. When massaging the deep connective tissues - between the subcutaneous layer and the fascia - a very strong scratching occurs. Sometimes patients find these sensations unpleasant. Before the first procedure of connective tissue massage, it is necessary to prepare the patient for these sensations. The patient should tell the massage therapist about his feelings to control the correctness of the massage. As the tension in the connective tissues disappears, the sensation of scratching and cutting also decreases. The slower the massage movements are made, the easier the sensations of pain and scratching are tolerated. With angiospastic and acute renal diseases, these sensations are absent.

During connective tissue massage appears skin reaction in the form of a strip - hyperemia. With a strong tension of the connective tissues, a swelling that is easily felt by the fingers appears at the massage site. As tension decreases, so does the skin reaction to massage. In exceptional cases, these reactions can last up to 36 hours after the end of the procedure. The patient should be warned that sometimes itching may appear in the massaged area. With rheumatoid arthritis, these sensations during massage are less pronounced, but sometimes "bruises" appear. The massage therapist must warn the patient about this. Pain is a sign of a very deep incorrect massage. At the same time, the massage therapist must continue to work softer and slower.

Vegetative reactions. Connective tissue massage affects the internal organs in a reflex way. From the receptor apparatus, irritation is transmitted to the autonomic nervous system. The massage therapist must establish how the massage affects the patient. Connective tissue massage acts on the body primarily through the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Signs of a parasympathetic response are " goose-flesh"Paleness of the skin.

Humoral reactions are closely related to nervous reactions and proceed slowly, appearing 1-2 hours after the end of the procedure. If after the massage the patient becomes tired, then he should rest at home, otherwise a headache or even collapse may occur. If the patient feels tired immediately after the massage, it is recommended to eat something (chocolate, sugar).

Connective tissue is made up of cells and intercellular substance. In the connective tissues there are reticular cells and fibrocytes, which form a cellular network where fat and basophilic cells are located. Connective tissue consists of lattice fibers that form membranes and collagen fibers that are highly stretchable.

All these fibers are found in the skin, lungs, vascular walls, joint capsules.

Reticular connective tissue is found in the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow. They form part of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Reticular tissue has fat cells, especially around small blood vessels. This tissue has a high regenerative capacity.

Fibrous connective tissues contain collagen and elastic fibers. These fibers connect the skin with the underlying tissues, they are also located between the muscle bundles, where the vessels and nerves pass. The displacement of other tissues in relation to each other depends on the presence of such connective tissue. Some of these fibers form a tense network and are found in tendons and ligaments, capsules and dermis.

Thus, the connective tissues form the basis of the skin, the fascia of the vessels, the sheath of the nerve trunks, the basis of the internal organs (stroma), tendons and ligaments. Connective tissue binds together all parts of the body, gives it a shape and allows free movement of various segments.