The child was covered with a rash. Infectious rash on the body of a child. Purulent acne can be a symptom of an infection

Red dots on the body of a child can be a symptom of various skin and infectious diseases. The appearance of such rashes should alert parents. It is necessary to consult a specialist, because treatment without a diagnosis cannot be carried out in any way.

Allergic reaction

Allergy can manifest itself in the form of diathesis or urticaria. The following factors contribute to its development in children:

1. 1. In children's body antibodies are delivered breastfeeding or in the prenatal period.
2. 2. Short-term breastfeeding.
3. 3. Dysbacteriosis.
4. 4. Reduced immunity.

The most common allergen is cow's milk. The reaction to milk is formed in a child in the first year of life during the transition to artificial feeding.

The second place among allergens is occupied by fish and seafood. Intolerance to fish protein does not disappear with age. A large number of allergens contain the following products:

• milk;
• fish;
• eggs;
• nuts;
• citrus;
• chocolate;
• coffee;
• strawberry.

Allergy is also caused nutritional supplements, preservatives, emulsifiers and colorants.

There is a drug allergy that occurs as a result of prolonged use of any drug or its overdose. Treatment drug allergy consists in the exclusion of the drug from use. Antibiotics of the penicillin series most often cause an allergic reaction. drug allergy does not go away with time. If a reaction to the drug is found, then it will last for life. There are special diagnostic tests that determine the tolerance of certain drugs.

Irritants can be chemical in nature. Heavy metal compounds are sometimes present in household chemicals and clothes. Small red dots on the child's body appear at the points of contact with the irritant. The rash can be localized throughout the body and accompanied by itching.

Diagnostics allergic dermatitis is to identify the allergen. At the first stage of treatment should be excluded from the diet allergenic products. Antihistamines are prescribed medications and ointments for external use. A neglected form of allergic dermatitis can develop into eczema.

Chickenpox in children

Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease. A characteristic rash in the form of red blisters appears on the child's body. Initially, the rash appears on the scalp, then spreads throughout the body. The palms and soles remain intact. The first phase of the disease is acute form, the child's body temperature rises to 38-39ºС. Chickenpox can be mild, moderate, or severe.

The mild form of the disease is characterized by a small rash and subfebrile temperature body. Chickenpox in the middle form is accompanied by high fever, headache and vomiting. Eruptions on the skin are plentiful and last for 5-6 days. Severe chickenpox is characterized by a high temperature reaching 39-40ºС, severe headaches, delirium, vomiting and loss of appetite. The rash persists on the skin for 7-9 days. The child will need bed rest, the vesicles are treated with brilliant green or an alcohol solution.

1. 1. Molluscum contagiosum is an infectious disease affecting children aged 1 to 10 years. Infection occurs in public pools, on beaches and through other people's clothing. Nodules appear brightly on the body color pink, semicircular shape and a small indentation in the center. The disease can be confused with chickenpox or measles. Molluscum contagiosum occurs against a background of reduced immunity. Therefore, the treatment will be to increase the body's defenses. To prevent infection of healthy skin areas, Viferon cream, Acyclovir ointment, oxolinic ointment are used.
2. 2. Scarlet fever - an infectious disease caused by hemolytic streptococcus. Newborns have innate immunity to the pathogen, children from 2 to 10 years old are susceptible to the disease. Accompanied by symptoms of tonsillitis and the formation of a small punctate rash. The method of distribution of scarlet fever is airborne. Incubation period varies from 2-10 days, then the child's temperature rises sharply, intensifies headache. General malaise and intoxication can cause vomiting. Brightly covers most of the body, red stripes form in the folds of the skin. The rash on the skin persists for 4-5 days, then it changes in color, peels off and gradually disappears. Treatment is with antibiotics. To relieve itching, use antihistamines and creams containing corticosteroids.
3. 3. Roseola for children - an infection that affects children under two years of age. Symptoms of the disease are similar to those of rubella, SARS and allergies, which makes it difficult to diagnose. The causative agent is herpes types 6 and 7, suggest infection with the virus by airborne droplets. The disease most often develops in spring and autumn. The incubation period lasts on average from 3 to 7 days. The disease begins with high temperature, reaching up to 39-40ºС, which lasts for 3-5 days. The child may increase cervical lymph nodes, appetite decreases and general weakness is observed. On the 4th day, the temperature subsides, pink spotted rashes appear on the body. There is no specific treatment for roseola rosea. The rash will disappear without leaving marks. A sick child is given antipyretic drugs and plenty of fluids.
4. 4. Lichen pink. The causes of occurrence are not fully understood. Often the disease occurs after an infectious disease or hypothermia of the body. Pityriasis rosea begins as a red or pink "maternal plaque" patch on the skin. After 2 days, the spot begins to peel off, and then the rash spreads throughout the body. The newly formed plaques are smaller than the maternal ones. Pink lichen is localized on the shoulders, abdomen, sometimes it can appear on the scalp. To confirm the diagnosis, a scraping is taken for analysis. Treatment pink lichen reduced to the elimination of itching and strengthening immune system. The disease will last 2-3 weeks, after the disappearance of the rash will remain dark spots which will eventually disappear without a trace.

Red dots on the body of a child may appear after mosquito bites. If the rashes itch, you can relieve the itching with the help of cold compresses or lotions with soda. Fenistil ointment, Butadion ointment and Fukortsin will help well.

In a teenager during the transition period, reddening of the skin and the appearance of spots is associated with hormonal changes in the body. It is necessary during this period to limit fatty, sweet and carbohydrate foods, use special cosmetics that protect pores from pollution and bacteria.

And some secrets...

Have you ever had problems with Dermatitis or deprive? Judging by the fact that you are reading this article, you have a lot of experience. And of course, you know firsthand what it is:

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New parents of newborns have a hard time. Their theoretical knowledge about the health of the child is often insufficient. And such a phenomenon as a rash on the body of a newborn may well cause panic.

A small rash on the body of a child becomes a cause for serious unrest. So that such a nuisance does not take you by surprise, it is worth knowing in advance as much as possible about this pathology.

A rash is an accumulation of pathological elements on the skin or mucous membranes. They differ from normal skin in appearance, texture, color. The elements of the rash consist of blisters, papules, blisters, spots.

Doctors say that a rash on a child’s body does not always require special treatment. Since the very appearance of skin rashes has various reasons, children's rashes are divided into the following types:

• acne (hormonal rash of newborns);
• prickly heat;
• hives;
• allergic rash;
• diaper dermatitis;

Parents may be disturbed by the usual redness of the skin of a baby who has just been born. This is an absolutely normal reaction associated with the imperfection of the baby's thermoregulation. A slight peeling on the body and face of a newborn should also not alert you, it does not require any treatment.

Some features of neonatal acne

Acne in newborns looks a little different than in adults. Most often it manifests itself when the child is only a few days old. The rash looks like small bright pink pimples, inside of which a substance is visible white color. Newborn acne has several names - hormonal rash, milia, neonatal pustulosis.

One of the names - hormonal rash - makes it clear what is the cause of these skin manifestations. These are ordinary hormonal changes, the adaptation of the baby's body to new living conditions, the purification of the blood from mother's hormones.

The cause of acne can also be a local accumulation of a yeast fungus. It is also not considered a pathology; any person has such a fungus. Areas where neonatal pustulosis most often erupts: upper back, neck, head, face.

Acne does not require treatment; at the age of three months, the flowering of the skin stops without any intervention. Recommendations to parents: by no means squeeze out pimples, follow all hygiene rules regarding the care of a newborn.

What is sweating

No wonder they say that the temperature in the children's room should not exceed +22 C. If this condition is not met, the child will certainly sweat a lot. As a result, on the baby's skin, in the folds on the chest and neck, under the armpits, small pink rash.

The affected area looks slightly swollen. Skin rash in children of this kind can occur throughout the first year of life. Most often, it does not cause any discomfort to the child. To make prickly heat pass faster, the affected areas are treated with baby powder.

Recall the reasons for which prickly heat appears:

• The temperature in the children's room is too high.
• Failure to comply with the ventilation schedule for the room where the child is located.
• The desire to unnecessarily wrap the baby in warm clothes.
• Insufficient hygiene in relation to the child.

Parents need to eliminate these causes, soon the baby's skin will lose swelling and redness.

What does hives look like

This disease has a telling name. Rashes on the body of a baby look exactly like a severe burn caused by nettles. The rash is accompanied by obsessive itching. Subsequently, the rash transforms into blisters that have different sizes and forms affecting the face, head, body. Urticaria is severe form skin allergies, which can rapidly turn into Quincke's edema.

If you suspect your baby has hives, call your doctor immediately. The disease is the body's reaction to an allergen - food or household, it can go away on its own, but in no case is it worth the risk.

One should be wary of Quincke's edema - a formidable complication of urticaria, in which suffocation occurs. The latter can lead to serious consequences.

Causes of hives:

• hypothermia;
• heat exposure;
• stay under the scorching sun;
• consequences of severe stress;
• friction from elastic bands on clothes, from car seat straps;
• transferred infectious disease;
• the presence of helminths in the baby's body.

After the diagnosis is made, the doctor prescribes drugs that eliminate allergic manifestations.

To relieve severe itching, you will need special ointments, they are also prescribed by a doctor. If the disease is very severe, effective help will be provided hormonal ointments.

Allergic rash in babies

Several options are known allergic rash in children, among them:

• food allergy;
• household (contact) allergy;
• drug allergy.

Food allergies are:

• many small pink or red pimples;
• red scaly patches of skin.

These manifestations of food allergies most often appear on the face, but can also appear on the legs, forearms, back, and abdomen. So the child's body reacts to food (mixtures, complementary foods, cereals) or to food from the diet of a nursing mother.

Complementary foods should be introduced no earlier than 4-6 months of age, gradually, consistently, carefully observing the child's reaction to the products.

Mothers should exclude honey, sweets, chocolate, whole cow's milk, smoked meats, canned food, citrus fruits from their menu. If the intake of the allergen is not stopped in time, as well as with significant allergic poisoning, the child's rash can turn into a weeping scab.

Household (contact) allergy looks like chafing or red spots with a small rash. Its causes are the mechanical effect on the delicate skin of the baby. Allergens can be: washing powders, rinses, synthetics, hard woolen textiles, dust, pet hair.

Particular attention should be paid to children's cosmetics (shampoos, foams, creams, soaps), which does not at all guarantee the absence of various side effects.

Drug allergies are multiple rashes of small red spots that form anywhere. Allergens can be hormonal agents, antibiotics, sweet syrups.

The pediatrician must replace (cancel) an inappropriate medicine, prescribe a detailed blood test to detect allergens. Sweet syrups are replaced with neutral suppositories.

Diaper dermatitis

Symptoms of diaper dermatitis are blistering, redness, and peeling that appear only in the diaper area. The causes of diaper dermatitis are prolonged contact of the skin with a wet cloth, creases in the diaper. Diaper dermatitis is not an allergy and does not require the use of antiallergic drugs. Treatment of diaper dermatitis is the organization of proper care, timely change of diapers.

Before changing the diaper, the child must be washed with warm water and baby soap. Replacing washing with wiping with wet wipes is not the best solution. Do not forget about regular air baths, with the help of which the manifestations of diaper dermatitis will quickly disappear.

To heal diaper rash, cracks, weeping sores, you can use special healing ointments. It is necessary to treat diaper dermatitis, because it can join bacterial infection.

Atopic dermatitis

Pathology is peeling, blisters on the skin, on the cheeks, arms, buttocks, inside legs. Rashes are characterized by itching, can merge, forming crusts. This is allergic manifestation to cold, wind, or certain products.

Atopic dermatitis is often accompanied by inflammation of the tonsils and adenoids. A course of treatment is prescribed: antiallergic drugs, ointments, creams, therapeutic baths are prescribed. However, drugs only relieve itching. In order to get rid of atopic dermatitis, it is necessary to identify allergen products, exclude them from the diet of the child and the nursing mother.

Rash as a symptom of an infectious disease

Skin rash in children can be caused by some infectious diseases. These include:

• chickenpox;
• scarlet fever;
• measles;
• rubella;
• roseola (or exanthema).

Chickenpox rashes are small blisters with cloudy contents. They appear not only on the skin, but also on the mucous membranes, where they cause a particular itch. An infant is a distributor of infection as long as at least one vesicle remains on its body and mucous membranes.

With scarlet fever, the rash appears most often on the neck, chest, back, and under the arms. It causes itching, affects the skin of the child a day after infection. The features of scarlet fever are inflamed tonsils and a nasolabial triangle clean from the rash. The disease is contagious for 10 days.

At the onset of measles, a child has a high fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, and photophobia. 2-3 days after these symptoms, a red rash appears, localized first on the face, and then spreading throughout the body. The risk of infection persists for 5 days after the onset of the rash.

When rubella first appears cough, sore throat, fever, inflammation of the occipital lymph nodes, may be vomiting and diarrhea. Then a flat red rash appears on the face and body, the risk of infection persists for 5 days.

Roseola (exanthema) begins with jump temperature, rising to 39-40 C. The rash is very similar to rubella rashes, appears 3-4 after the onset of the disease, lasts for several days.

If a rash is found in a baby, parents should call a doctor at home, this will prevent infection of other people. When the rash in an infant is not accompanied by other symptoms, you can simply visit the clinic with the baby. An examination of the baby by a doctor is mandatory, this will help to make the correct diagnosis, to exclude various complications of the disease.

Do not think that your baby's skin will be as smooth and velvety as in the photo from the postcard. Skin rashes and other irregularities are common in infants, but should be distinguished when a rash is a sign of illness. If in doubt, be sure to show the child to the doctor.

A rash is a pathological element on the skin (or mucous membranes) that differs from normal skin in color, texture, and appearance. The rash may consist of blisters, spots, papules, blisters that appear on healthy skin, against the background of redness or in place of old elements. All this is important for making the correct diagnosis.

In most newborns, white dots can be seen on the face, which are called "miles". This is completely normal and goes away in a few days.

Causes of the rash

Baby's skin is an extremely sensitive and delicate organ that reacts to literally everything. Causes of skin rashes in infants can be:
food allergies, including what mom eats
drug rash
contact dermatitis
diaper dermatitis
atopic dermatitis
prickly heat
hives
neonatal acne
infectious rash

Consider each type of rash.

food allergy

A food allergy is a pink or red rash that looks like a nettle sting. Most often, it appears on the cheeks and chin in the form of scaly patches, but it can also appear on the legs, abdomen, back, and forearms. With a particularly severe allergic poisoning or regular intake of an allergen, the rash takes the form of a scab and begins to get wet.

If the baby is breastfed, the mother's diet may be the cause of the rash. Try to consistently eliminate the following allergenic foods: red fish, whole milk, veal, citrus fruits, nuts, tomatoes.

Proteins in artificial formulas can also cause skin reaction. Too early or incorrectly started complementary foods also have a dangerous allergic potential, so it is recommended to consult a pediatrician before.

drug rash

Arises as side effect(not) after taking medicines(antibiotics, hormonal preparations and etc.). cause rash and vitamin complexes, tablet shells, fluoride, iron, many herbal preparations. If you associate the appearance of a rash with some kind of medicine, then the first thing to do is stop taking it. If after this the rash does not disappear, you should consult a doctor.

contact dermatitis

Reminds me of the look small rash or chafing of the skin. Most often, it occurs in response to washing powders enriched with fragrances and, especially, rinses. In addition, the materials that children's clothing is made from (especially wool and synthetic fibers) can also trigger rashes.

Diaper dermatitis

With diaper dermatitis, symptoms (redness, vesicles, peeling) appear on the skin exclusively in the diaper area. Its causes are prolonged skin contact with a wet cloth or creases in diapers. This is not an allergy, so there is no need to use antiallergic drugs. Main principle treatment of diaper dermatitis proper care, timely diaper change . Ointments "Bepanten", "Drapolen", "D-panthenol", "Boro-plus" have an excellent healing effect.

If diaper dermatitis is not treated, a bacterial infection can join it. In this case, you must consult a doctor. Antibacterial ointments (for example, Baneocin) can be used for treatment, as well as antifungals by doctor's prescription.

Prickly heat

It can occur in a child of the first year of life at almost any time of the year, it looks like a small pink rash, slightly convex to the touch. More often located in the neck, chest. The reason is prolonged sweating of the skin, especially in heat. Quite often, prickly heat accompanies overheating and insufficient care. Miliaria is not contagious and usually does not cause negative feelings in the child. With normalization of temperature and care, prickly heat passes. To speed up the process, regular baby powder helps a lot.

Hives

It looks like a nettle burn and has many causes. In some children, it may occur under the influence of cold, heat, sun, from strong excitement. Also, a hives-like rash can appear from too tight elastic on clothes or when rubbing the straps (car seats, backpack, etc.).

If the hives persist for a long time, you should consult a doctor. The basis for the treatment of urticaria is the use of antihistamines: Suprastin, Zirtek, Fenistil, etc.). With severe itching, ointments with menthol, anesthesin can help. In severe cases, hormonal ointments are prescribed.

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is an allergic disease. The reasons for it can be different: this is an incorrect menu for a nursing mother, and complementary foods introduced at the wrong time, and dysbacteriosis, and hereditary predisposition, and incorrect hygiene procedures, and the use of annoying cosmetics. Atopic dermatitis in baby may begin with a slight swelling on the forehead and cheeks. The skin on the arms and buttocks also turns red and peels off, then on the legs. After a while, small bubbles pour out, the baby is worried about itching. In addition, the tonsils and adenoids may increase.

The diagnosis is established only by a doctor. The main thing in the treatment of atopic dermatitis is to recognize and eliminate the allergen. Antihistamines are used to relieve symptoms. Ointments, decoctions of herbs, as well as biological products and medicinal fermented milk products will help to cope with dermatitis. Artificial babies are prescribed hypoallergenic soy-based nutrition. When breastfeeding, allergens (honey, condensed milk, nuts, carrots, citrus fruits) should be excluded from the mother's diet.

neonatal acne

This type of rash is also known as neonatal acne. Such a rash affects about 20-30% of children in the first weeks and months of life, looks like small imperceptible pimples on the face, neck and scalp. Neonatal acne is not a contagious disease, it is not dangerous and does not require medication or other specific treatment. Pimples do not have a comedone - a clogged pore. They rarely fester and form pronounced foci of inflammation. Most often they look like changes in the relief of the skin (in some cases they can only be detected by touch). Doctors associate their occurrence with the establishment hormonal background a newborn child, as well as with the colonization of the skin by certain types of yeast fungi, which are normally part of the microflora. In most cases, the disease resolves on its own within 1 to 3 months.

Infectious rash

It occurs as a symptom of infectious diseases and differs in appearance depending on the disease. Treatment is prescribed only by a doctor, and it is mainly aimed not at the rash, but at fighting the infection.

- roseola baby (three-day fever). This infectious disease also called "sudden exanthema". It affects only children under the age of 2 years, the causative agents are herpes viruses 6 and 7 types. At the beginning of the disease, the child has a strong and inexplicable temperature rise, which falls exactly on the third day. With a decrease in temperature, the baby suddenly becomes covered with pink-red patchy rash. It passes without a trace in 4-7 days. When the temperature rises, you can use paracetamol, ibuprofen.

- scarlet fever. A small dotted rash of scarlet color occurs on the neck, back and chest, gradually spreading to the whole body. As a rule, the rash is one of the first symptoms of scarlet fever, but in some cases it appears on the second day after infection. When spread infectious rashes person acquires characteristic appearance- the nasolabial triangle remains white and stands out in contrast. The rash disappears quickly with antibiotics.

- chickenpox. Rash on the 1st or 2nd day along with high fever. First, a spot appears that turns into a vesicle, the vesicle bursts and an abscess forms, which heals and a crust forms. The rash affects the entire body at once (250-500 elements). characteristic feature- the presence of a rash on the scalp. Chickenpox lasts 3-5 days, followed by normalization of temperature, the crusts fall off later.

- measles. With measles, the rash does not appear immediately, but on days 3-5 of high body temperature. The rash is very large, bright, papular, profuse. This disease is characterized by a certain sequence: first, protruding flaming papules appear on the face and behind the ears, then on the body and arms, and lastly on the lower body and legs. As a rule, a measles rash is not the first sign of the disease, and its appearance indicates an improvement that has begun - with the end of the spread of the rash, the temperature drops and the patient is on the mend. In addition, the healing of the rash indicates that there is no danger of infection through contact with an ill child.

- rubella. The rash occurs on the 3-4th day of temperature, characterized by an increase in the occipital lymph nodes. The rash is often mild, localized on the face, trunk, limbs, but less clearly than with measles. Remains 3-4 days.

– enterovirus infection"mouth-foot-palm". The rash appears against the background of a mild disease with damage to the oral mucosa. For such an intestinal infection, lesions of the hands and feet are characteristic.

A real nightmare for moms and dads is the “blooming” of the skin of a child. In medicine, red spots on the body of a child are manifestations of exanthematous infections, allergic and other diseases. Parents do not need to be afraid of rashes, but should worry about the cause of their appearance. The child is covered with red spots for a reason, but because of the reaction of the skin to changes inside the body and in environment. The degree of influence of such rashes on the health of children varies, their treatment and prevention differ.

Rashes or exanthems on the skin appear with inflammation, which is accompanied by vasodilation, infiltration in the tissues. Among the elements of the rash, primary and secondary are distinguished. Spots, nodules, vesicles and blisters belong to the first group. Secondary are considered scales, crusts, cracks, erosion, pigmentation disorders. Such processes in the skin are characteristic of infectious and noncommunicable diseases, "triggering" inflammation in the dermis.

Signs of a spot as an element of a rash:

• usually does not rise above the level healthy skin;
• formed at the site of vasodilation;
• most often has an irregular shape;
• diameter varies from 0.5 to 2 cm.

A rash in the form of dots with a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 cm is called " roseola". For example, with scarlet fever. Rubella is characterized by a small-spotted rash with a spot size of 0.5 to 1 cm. With measles, large red spots appear on the head of a child with a diameter of 1-2 cm. The characteristics of the rash, namely the shape and size of the elements, their number, color, localization, are taken into account by doctors examining a sick child. It is also taken into account that the spots disappear when pressure is applied to them, and reappear after the pressure stops. If bulging tumors of the skin appear, they do not disappear with pressure.

A maculopapular rash rises above the level of the epidermis. If the red spots do not disappear when the skin is stretched, then these are hemorrhages. The appearance of such elements is associated with damage or an increase in the permeability of the capillary walls. The spots are red at first, then they turn yellow. The smallest hemorrhages - petechiae - no more than 0.5 cm in diameter, larger ones - purpura and ecchymosis.

Doctor, Candidate of Medical Sciences A.S. Botkina (Moscow) in one of her publications in the journal "Practice of a Pediatrician" notes that various skin lesions account for 30% of all calls. The child health specialist recalls that the most significant causes of change skin- dermatological problems and allergies.

Another group of factors deserves special attention. infectious diseases. Sometimes exanthema becomes that sign of a microbial or viral infection, which allows you to make a diagnosis as soon as possible and start treatment in a timely manner.

Six classic childhood diseases

The pediatrician at the reception will definitely ask about when the rash appeared, about the presence of itching. When examining the child's throat, rashes on the mucous membranes can be detected. For example, small spots on the inside of the cheeks appear in children with measles. A symptom of scarlet fever is petechiae in the sky.

It is important to consider all manifestations: rash, fever, intoxication, sore throat, cough.

When a child has red spots all over his body, the possibility of infection with a pathogen from one of the 6 classic childhood infectious diseases cannot be ruled out:

1. Measles.
2. Scarlet fever.
3. Rubella.
4. Infectious mononucleosis.
5. Infectious erythema.
6. Sudden exanthema (roseola infantum).

In medical literature, especially foreign, diseases are called by numbers: “first”, “second”, and so on up to “sixth”.

Measles

In developed countries, cases of this disease are few and do not take on the character of epidemics. Measles is characterized by the appearance of bright red spots about 5 days after the onset of the disease. Elements have scalloped edges, tend to merge. At the same time, the mucous membrane of the palate is covered with pink dots. The child has a fever, sore throat.

Scarlet fever

Points and spots of bright pink color appear already on the first or second day of the disease. The elements of the rash are located against the background of reddened skin, thicker in the inguinal folds, armpits, on the neck, on the sides of the body. The rash persists for about a week, after which scaly elements remain.

At the same time, the child develops symptoms of a sore throat, the pharynx acquires a “flaming” red color, and the nasolabial triangle remains pale. The tongue is initially covered with a white coating, the next day it is cleared and resembles raspberries. In modern children, scarlet fever often occurs without an increase in body temperature.

Rubella

One or two days after the onset of the disease, small red spots appear on the baby's bottom, as well as on the face, arms and legs. The spots disappear without a trace within 2-3 days. Redness of the throat, intoxication are mild, T° of the body is subfebrile. Characterized by an increase in lymph nodes in the neck.

Infectious mononucleosis

The causative agent of the disease is the Epstein-Barr virus, type IV of the human herpes virus (HHV). Red spots and papules usually occur in children treated with ampicillin. Other symptoms infectious mononucleosis: prolonged fever, inflammation and sore throat, swollen lymph nodes.

Infectious erythema

One of clinical manifestations parvovirus infection (B19). In foreign medical literature, mostly in English, the fifth disease is often referred to as the "slap marks" syndrome. In Russian publications, one can find such comparisons: “burning” or “slapped” cheeks. First, dots appear on the face, then they increase and merge into large red spots. These changes may be accompanied by itching of the skin.

The child, two days before the rash appears, feels unwell, he has fever, nausea, sore throat (in 30-35% of cases). There are round pink-red spots on the shoulders, on the back and other parts of the body. A rash on the arms and legs appears less frequently. The infection is transmitted from patients only to reddening of the face.

Exanthema sudden

The causative agent of the sixth disease or childhood roseola is HHV type VI–VII. Dry pink spots up to 5 mm in size become noticeable by 3-5 days of illness and disappear without a trace after a few days. Localization of the rash - mainly on the neck and trunk, rarely on the face and limbs. Other signs of the disease: a sharp increase in body temperature to febrile levels, mild symptoms of general intoxication. The child may have seizures. Specific Therapy usually not required, only symptomatic treatment.

Spotted rash in children

Red spots signal health problems, are signs of several dozen different syndromes and diseases. If the rash is allergic, then sometimes it is enough to take antihistamines, use ointments with glucocorticoids. Such treatment is ineffective in infectious diseases. It is necessary to fight the cause of rashes - microbes and viruses.

Flu

The disease begins suddenly with a sharp rise in T °, ​​general intoxication. Often there is a red spot in the eye of a child, nose bleed. Occasionally, petechiae appear on the face and chest. Spots, having arisen in the first day, disappear in the following days.

Disease "hands-foot-mouth" - enteroviral exanthema

Diseases are caused by enteroviruses, which are most active from spring to autumn. Measles-like enteroviral exanthema is more common in children early age. Spots with a diameter of about 3 mm are located on the face and trunk, disappear in a day or two. Roseola-like exanthema is also called Boston disease. The rash on the face looks like round pink-red spots with a diameter of 0.5-2 cm. The spots disappear without a trace one or two days after the appearance.

Hand-foot-mouth disease or viral pemphigus cause coxsackieviruses, enterovirus-71. Children under the age of 10 are most often affected. Mucous oral cavity covered with painful pink-red spots and vesicles. In about 75% of cases, a rash appears on the face, on the palms and heels, sometimes spreading to the buttocks and genitals. First it's red spots small size, then - single or multiple bubbles. The disease usually proceeds without complications. Treatment is mainly symptomatic, for example, if the palms itch, then antihistamine drops are given.

pink lichen

The exact reasons for the appearance of a large rough spot with a diameter of about 5 cm on the waist or thigh have not yet been established. Scientists suggest that the activity of herpes viruses increases against the background of immunosuppression. Later, small "daughter" plaques of light red, raspberry or pink color appear.

Ringworm

Spots are often localized on the back of the head and extremities, have the shape of a ring or oval, severely itch and flake off. Treatment is carried out with antifungal ointment "Mikozolon", iodine tincture.

One of the causes of a small- or large-spotted rash is infection with thrush pathogens (yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida).

staph infection

The cause is some infectious focus, such as a purulent wound or phlegmon. Small-pointed "scarlet-like" rash occurs 3-4 days after staphylococcal inflammation. The disease resembles a sore throat: fever, redness of the throat. Elements of the rash densely sprinkle the lower abdomen, are located in the groin, in the natural folds of the body.

The introduction of pyogenic streptococci into the skin is the cause of streptococcal pyoderma. This pustular disease affects the body against the background of a decrease in immunity, a deficiency of vitamins A and C, infection of wounds and burns.

Pseudotuberculosis

If the child is covered with red spots, then he may be infected with bacteria of the genus Yersinia. When children are sick with pseudotuberculosis, the rash looks like dots, spots and papules of various diameters all over the body. Clusters are formed on the palms in the form of "gloves", on the feet in the form of "socks", "hood" on the head and neck. The body temperature rises, signs of intoxication are observed. After about a week, dry scales remain in place of the spots.

Red spots in diseases of non-infectious etiology

Spots on the testicles in boys and on the vulva in girls appear due to irritation of the delicate skin with feces, after overheating, in conditions of excessive humidity. Prickly heat is a disease that accompanies infants. It is necessary to wash the child correctly and in a timely manner, use only products that are safe for children's skin.

Prevention of red spots in the groin area caused by poor hygiene in infancy is the correct diaper change . After getting rid of the wet baby product, you need to wash the baby or wipe it with a damp sanitary napkin without alcohol. Let the skin “breathe” a little, then apply Bepanten or zinc ointment, or use Depatenol cream. After that, you can put on a dry diaper.

Rough spots under the knees and on the shins in infants may be a reaction to the dry air in the room, hard, chlorinated water or herbs used for bathing.

The appearance of erythema in a child may not be associated with any disease. A large-spotted rash occurs after a massage or as a reaction of a vegetative nervous system on strong emotions, physical efforts. The body releases a substance of the immune system - histamine. There is tingling, itching, redness of the skin.

An increase in the level of histamine manifests itself on any part of the skin - on the face, on the abdomen, on the hands. If the spots do not go away, swelling and itching of the skin are concerned, then the child is given antihistamines. drops "Fenistil" or Zyrtec. You can make a warm bath with potassium permanganate; after water procedures apply Fenistil gel to the spots.

How red spots in children on the body will help to recognize the disease updated: October 16, 2016 by: admin

Most often, a skin rash is discovered by chance - while bathing, changing clothes or close contact with a child. Rash sometimes long time is an the only symptom diseases, in other cases, the appearance of a rash is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, general malaise. Very often, the skin at the site of the rash itches. In this case, older children complain of itching and burning, babies react to itching with anxiety, sleep disturbance and appetite. Also about the presence of itching in small child they say scratching on the skin in places accessible for combing.

In the description of skin rashes (skin elements), doctors use terms, the meaning of which would be useful for parents of child patients to familiarize themselves with.

Depending on the external characteristics distinguish the following types of rashes:

1. Spots (macula) - the elements are located at the level of the skin and do not rise above its surface. Depending on the color of the spot, roseola (red spots), areas of limited pigmentation (brown spots), vitiligo (white spots) are distinguished. If the cause of the spot was hemorrhages in the skin, depending on the size of the focus, hematomas are distinguished (a large accumulation of blood in soft tissues), ecchymosis (hemorrhages larger than 1 cm) and petechiae (small hemorrhages, ranging in size from a few mm to 1 cm).
2. Blisters - the element of the rash is slightly raised above the level of healthy skin, has a dense, rough surface.
3. Papules - the element resembles a nodule located in the thickness of the skin, this is a solid formation, without an internal cavity, ranging in size from a pinhead to a lentil grain.
4. Bubbles are filled with liquid (more often transparent) contents of the cavity in the skin; depending on their size, the blisters may be called vesicles (small blisters) or bullae (large blisters).
5. If the contents of the bladder is pus, such a bladder is called a pustule (purulent bladder).
6. Erosions and ulcers are elements of various sizes and depths of damage, which are characterized by a violation of the integrity of the skin and the presence of a discharge (clear or cloudy, odorless or with an unpleasant odor).
7. Crusts - formed in place of blisters, pustules, erosions and ulcers. The appearance of crusts indicates the resolution of the element and a possible speedy recovery.

Each child's age category is characterized by its own group of diseases, the symptoms of which include a skin rash.

Skin rash in children under 1 year old

by the most common causes skin rashes in infants are prickly heat, diaper rash, allergic reactions. Childhood infectious diseases accompanied by a rash rarely develop in children at this age due to the protective effect of maternal antibodies.

Sweating is common in young children who are tightly wrapped or improperly washed. Prickly heat- This is a scattering of small non-itchy blisters of a reddish color, which are localized in natural skin folds - on the neck, armpits, in the groin, between the buttocks and under the knees.

Against the background of immunodeficiencies and a tendency to allergies, as well as due to the increased vulnerability of the skin in young children, diaper rash, which are areas of bright red, moist, swollen skin located in the folds of the neck, armpits, on the buttocks and in the groin folds. Another type of diaper rash, often associated with the addition of a fungal infection, looks like excessively dry, flaky skin with white deposits.

Diaper rash in the buttocks can transform into gluteal erythema- accumulation of bright red nodules and small erosions.

A common cause of skin rash in the neonatal period is food allergy ( breast milk or milk formula) or medicines. Allergic changes are exposed to the skin of the face (red, rough, flaky skin - milk scab), skin of the scalp (the appearance of peeling, scales - gneiss), skin of the chest and back (itchy pink blisters - hives).

Completely safe toxic erythema- a borderline condition that occurs in the first week of a child's life. Erythema is a mixed rash consisting of reddish macules, vesicles, and papules with gray-yellow indurations in the center. The rash disappears on its own within 2-3 days.

Unlike toxic erythema, pemphigus newborn- enough serious illness caused by staphylococci, streptococci or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Slight reddening of the skin is replaced by the appearance of blisters with cloudy contents, which then burst with the formation of erosion. Typical localization of blisters is on the abdomen, around the navel, and on the thighs. More severe than simple pemphigus of the newborn exfoliative (flaking) dermatitis Ritter. The first blisters appear on the skin around the mouth, after which the rash spreads throughout the body. At the site of the bursting bubble, the skin peels off in uneven stripes.

Among infectious diseases, causing the appearance skin rash in young children, it is necessary to mention congenital syphilis, one of the symptoms of which is syphilitic pemphigus. In this case, the rash consists of small dense bubbles filled with a clear liquid, which becomes cloudy after a short period of time. Bubbles are localized on the face, torso, very often on the soles and palms.

When an infection enters the hair follicles, newborns develop pseudofurunculosis, which is characterized by the formation of pustules (pustules), and sometimes large abscesses - abscesses.

Rash in children older than 1 year

The most common causes of rashes in children over the age of 1 year are infectious diseases, including minor infections (measles, rubella, chicken pox).

Measles. The measles skin rash consists of large, confluent macules and nodules that decrease in size and number from head to toe.

Scarlet fever. A small-spotted rash is typical, more pronounced in the elbows, inguinal folds and under the knees. If you run your hand over the skin in the area of ​​the rash, it seems that the rash is “prickly”. After the disappearance of the rash (in the second week of the disease), a rough lamellar peeling of the skin appears, especially pronounced on the fingers.

Rubella. Very similar to the measles rash, the rubella rash is less profuse and is localized mainly on the trunk. A skin rash may be combined with a small punctate rash in the throat.

Chickenpox. Papules (nodules) appear first, then vesicles (vesicles), then crusts. A wave-like "sprinkling" of elements is characteristic, therefore, a few days after the onset of the disease, all three types of skin elements can be seen on the patient's body. If the vesicles suppurate, pustules (pustules) appear. The rash appears on all parts of the body, including the scalp.

Infectious erythema(causative agent - parvovirus B19) or “slap marks” syndrome. First, a bright red rash appears on the child's cheeks, which, against the background of the pale skin of other parts of the face, resembles slap marks. After a few days, spots and nodules appear on the skin of the trunk, arms and legs, which can persist for several weeks and, gradually resolving, form a specific “lace” or mesh pattern.

meningococcal meningitis. The rash with meningitis is hemorrhagic in nature, that is, it is the result of hemorrhages in the skin. Rashes have a bluish color, irregular stellate shape, size up to 5-7 mm in diameter. The favorite localization of the rash with meningitis is the buttocks, thighs and lower legs. Sometimes hemorrhages reach quite large sizes.

Infectious mononucleosis, ECHO-, Coxsackie A - viral infections. Typical skin rash with these viral diseases consists of small and medium-sized pink or red spots. With an infection caused by the Coxsackie virus, nodules and vesicles appear in addition to spots on the palms and feet.

Herpes simplex. The rash is localized on the border of the mucous membrane of the lips, sometimes on the skin around the nose. Bubbles of various sizes (up to lentil grains), usually located in groups, the rash is preceded by a sensation of itching and tingling. Itching and soreness may persist after the appearance of blisters.

Shingles. Caused by the herpes virus. The rash, consisting of nodules and vesicles located in groups, is localized along the nerve bundles: on the skin of the face, in the intercostal spaces, on the skin of the trunk. The rash is accompanied by very severe pain.

contagious impetigo(causative agent - streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus). The rash is predominantly localized on the face and scalp. The elements of the rash are small and medium-sized vesicles, after opening of which yellow crusts form. Typical undulating nature of the rash and frequent relapses of the disease.

pink lichen. The rash is located on the skin of the trunk and consists of numerous oval scaly pink spots up to 2 cm in diameter. The appearance of a rash accompanies mild itching.

Skin rashes in children can also be a symptom of serious rheumatic diseases.

erythema annulare. The rash is a non-itchy pale pink rings located on the front surface of the body.

erythema nodosum. Painful rash in the form of large spots raised above the surface of healthy skin. Favorite localization - on the front surface of the legs, on the shoulders and face.

Exudative erythema multiforme- manifestation of an excessive reaction of the body to an infection or allergen. The rash consists of large round spots of light pink and bluish tint. The center of the spots gradually turns pale, nodules and blisters appear against the background of the spot. After spontaneous opening of the blisters, erosions resembling burnt skin are formed.

Systemic lupus erythematosus. The presence of chronic changes in the skin of the face on both sides of the nose (cheeks, cheekbones), similar to butterfly wings, is characteristic. Rarely, a morbilliform, scaly rash appears on the trunk and extremities.

Dermatomyositis. Characterized by lilac-red spots located around the eyes, less often - on the limbs.

Psoriasis. Initially, reddish foci the size of a pinhead appear on the skin, which gradually increase. The spots are covered with tightly fixed scales, after the removal of which bleeding points remain. Sometimes the psoriasis rash consists of small red or yellow nodules. Often, skin changes are symmetrical.

Among the skin manifestations of allergy, the most common hives, which is a patchy or widespread rash consisting of small, red, itchy papules.

Finally

As can be seen from the presented article, skin rashes in children are extremely numerous and varied, and the same disease may be accompanied by different types rash. Therefore, even if there is firm confidence in the harmlessness of the rashes that have appeared in the baby, parents are simply obliged to show the child to a pediatrician or dermatologist. In this case, it is better to play it safe than to leave the child without the necessary medical care. Take care of your health!