Different pupils in size after. Anisocoria: causes and treatment of pupils of different sizes in adults and children

The human pupil is a special structure of the eye, which is formed by the cornea and the muscles of the eyeball. In fact, this is just a hole in the cornea, the diameter of which is adjustable muscle structures. His the main task- This is the regulation of the light flux that enters the retina. This is achieved by dilating or constricting the pupil.

The pupillary reflex, depending on the degree of light hitting the retina of the eyeball, regulates the diameter of the pupil, and also synchronizes both pupils over time. This reflex is controlled by the brainstem. Most often, the pathology of the brain stem causes the pupils of the eyes of different sizes.

The sympathetic nervous system causes large pupils. This is observed during a period when a person experiences fear, anger or excitement. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the contrary, causes constriction - the pupils of the eyes are narrow. Normally, these two systems are antagonists to each other.

In medicine, different pupils of the eyes that are detected in a patient are referred to as anisocoria.

Causes of different pupils of the eyes in an adult

There are not many conditions when anisocoria occurs in an adult. They are either harmless temporary conditions, or they indicate a serious pathology of the brain and optic nerves. The main reasons for the development of this condition are:

• 1. Injury to the brain, skull in the area of ​​the base (concussion or contusion of the brain, fracture of the base of the skull);
• 2. Injury to the eye, hemophthalmos (blood entering the vitreous body);
• 3. Cerebral edema;
• 4. Cerebral infarction (stroke), localized in the trunk area;
• 5. The use of drops containing M-anticholinergics (atropine, etc.). Such drops are used to relax the muscles of the eye, dilate the pupil in order to conduct a detailed examination of the retina;
• 6. Burn of the retina of one eye, which leads to blepharospasm. This condition can be observed when a person looks at bright light(especially sunny) without protective equipment;
• 7. Poisoning various substances(including drugs);
• 8. Clinical and biological death. In this case, there is also a lack of breathing and heartbeat;

When the pupils are different and the causes of this condition are established, the doctor will be able to begin adequate treatment. If the patient's condition is not severe, and anisocoria is caused by non-drug causes, in without fail a person's visual acuity must be determined. AT serious condition, mainly in the pathology of the brain, for doctors the main thing is the life of the patient and the maintenance of the basic vital functions of the body, as well as the maximum preservation of brain functions.

Pupils of different sizes in a child

If the baby has pupils of different sizes, then most often this indicates congenital anomaly brain development or visual analyzers. Usually such conditions are detected immediately after childbirth. At the same time, symptoms of hydrocephalus, a decrease in the size of the brain (microcephaly) are observed according to the results of ultrasound.

Different rounded pupils in a child (including a baby) can appear for the same reasons as in adults. However, the prevailing mechanisms for the development of this condition are head or eye injuries, poisoning with various toxic substances (plants containing anticholinergics play a special role in this process).

Sometimes the difference in the eyes of a child is associated with children's games and attempts to shine into each other's eyes with various flashlights, laser pointers, etc. In this case, the different sizes of the pupils are quickly leveled - and they become equal in diameter and rounded.

Among the variety of ophthalmic pathologies, the so-called anisocoria is often found - the pupils of the eyes of different sizes. The defect is possible both in an adult and in a child. To find out the reasons why this pathology, what are the pupils of different sizes in a person connected with, how to treat, and what preventive measures to take - we will consider all these issues in detail in the article.

Anikozoria can be of three types:

• physiological;
• congenital;
• acquired

Physiological

human eye diagram

This is a harmless type of pathology. With the physiological nature of anikozoria, the difference between the diameter of the pupils is from half to one millimeter. What is chorioretinitis can be found.

The statistics of medical specialists indicate that physiological anicozoria occurs in about one-fifth of the entire world population.

congenital

This type of pathology is more dangerous than the first. Eyes with different pupils with the congenital nature of the disease may have different level vision. As a rule, the reason here lies in a genetic predisposition or in special structure, damage nervous system organs of vision.

You can read about the causes of convergent strabismus.

Acquired

pupil structure

All other types of anicorrhizia that appear in a person during his life due to injuries, illnesses, and other causes are acquired.

Causes and what determines the size of the pupils in humans

Pupil in human eye is responsible for adjusting the light rays, which are constantly at open eyes go to the retina. It is the quantity and quality of light entering the pupil that leads to a decrease or increase in its diameter. So, in dim lighting, the pupil narrows, and in bright light, it expands.

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Ideally, both pupils should be the same size - and that's exactly what they are in most people. However, if there is a slight "skew" in the diameter of one of the pupils, and it is slightly larger than the second, doctors advise not to sound the alarm. If the deviation is insignificant, and the level of vision does not fall, given fact considered normal and acceptable. However, if the size of the pupils differ greatly and noticeably, it is necessary to undergo an examination by an ophthalmologist.

Important: it is considered acceptable to exceed the diameter by one pupil by one millimeter, no more.

The causes of pathology can be various factors, then we will consider the most common of them.

Genetics

pupil reaction to light

One of the main factors determining the appearance of anicozoria in humans. In this case, the problem will manifest itself from an early age. Note that hereditary anicozoria does not cause harm to health, and in this case there is no drop in the level of vision.

Medications

Some medications may cause temporary dilation of the pupils. These drugs are usually mydriatic drops, as well as drugs for the treatment of asthma in the form of inhalers.

Muscle work

If a eye muscles malfunctions, the size of the pupil is likely to be distorted when light rays enter the eyes.

Holmes-Adie Syndrome

In this disease, the pupil expands in a person in adulthood, and, having expanded, it stops responding to light stimuli. A syndrome appears as an individual sensitivity of the organism to pilocarpine. Such an extension is detected randomly, since it does not cause any negative moments in a person.

In addition, the causes of this pathology can also become:

• damage to the optic nerve;
• neurological pathologies;
• atrophy and aneurysm of the organs of vision;
• drug use (opium, cocaine, etc.)

constriction and expansion of the pupil depending on external factors

Often the cause of this phenomenon is the developed myopia - in this case, the pupil will be dilated in the eye that sees worse.

There are also pathological dangerous reasons Anicozoria, among them the following are especially likely:

• bleeding as a result of injuries, bruises of the head;
• tumor formations in the brain;
• infection of the membranes of the brain, manifested in the form of meningitis or encephalitis;
• pathological damage to the oculomotor nerve;
• glaucoma and migraine;
• lung cancer (upper part);
• cancer of the lymph nodes;

In addition, if there are pupils of different sizes with different colors of the iris or slightly lowered eyelids, we can talk about Horner's syndrome. This congenital pathology but appears only in adulthood. The "trigger" triggering Horner's syndrome are spinal injuries, osteochondrosis of the cervical region, injuries of the spinal and cervical muscles.

It is possible to accurately determine the cause of anicozoria only under the condition of a professional ophthalmological examination.

Symptoms

normal pupil constricts in daylight, dilates in poor light

As a rule, this pathology is detected in early age, and signs of anicozoria are usually visible to the naked eye.

If the excess of the pupil diameter in one eye is significantly pronounced, then this fact can be noticed immediately. Often with this pathology there is nausea, vomiting.

Sometimes distortions of objects, things that a person looks at are possible. The contours of objects can blur, take on distorted, irregular shapes. In addition, the phenomenon of bifurcation of objects often appears.

The eyes begin to react too intensely to light, especially sudden and bright.

Phenomena of a febrile nature, chills and temperature can also accompany anikozoria.

Possible headaches, eye pain, vomiting. In children with this disease, torticollis is often observed.

It is necessary to consult a doctor urgently if symptoms such as:

• fever;
• headaches;
• nausea;
• swelling and omission of the eyelid (upper);
• rapid loss of vision.

Children

impaired pupillary reactions

This pathology is more characteristic of children, since it is more often fixed in infancy or preschool age. The causes of childhood pathology are similar to adults, these are:

• a genetic factor considered safe;
• the use of drugs that dilate the pupils;
• deformation of the optic nerve;
• injury.

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If we are talking about a baby, then in this case, the most common cause is heredity, which is not dangerous, or disruption of the nervous system in a child, which already requires treatment. If anicozoria appeared suddenly in the baby, and he was born with normal pupils, then in this case the causes of the problem may be:

• brain tumors;
• bruising of brain tissue;
• aneurysm;
• encephalitis.

As you can see, the reasons are too serious to turn a blind eye to this problem.

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Note that the anikozoria resulting from hereditary factors, do not treat, because it does not have a negative effect on the level of vision. If the pathology does not cause visual impairment in the child, does not lead to distortion of objects, blurring, etc. negative consequences, no cause for concern.

If the child complains about poor eyesight, a fuzzy vision of the world around, it is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist without fail.

Reference: as a rule, pathological anicorrhizia in children is aggravated by strabismus.

Diagnostics

If there is this problem, it is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist for examination and diagnosis. The doctor must study medical card patient, to establish a connection between anicosoria and diseases and injuries that a person had or has. What is episcleritis can be read in ours.

The diagnosis itself takes place in several stages and involves the following types surveys:

• biochemical blood test;
• puncture of the spinal cord;
• examination of the head on the computer;

If glaucoma is suspected, tonometry is prescribed.

Treatment

If a relationship between an increase in pupil size and heredity is found, the pathology cannot be treated. In all other cases, therapeutic measures are prescribed, and sometimes urgent provision is required. surgical care. If it can be bad dream and fatigue.

This pathology is especially dangerous if it arose as a result of an eye or head injury suffered by a person. In this case, it is necessary to undergo an examination and start treatment as early as possible.

Various means are used to eliminate anicozoria, including:

• migraine medications;
• means to reduce swelling of brain tissue;
• corticosteroids;
• anticonvulsants;

For meningitis and other infectious diseases antibacterial drugs are prescribed. If tumor-like formations have become the cause of the problem, the latter are eliminated with the help of an appropriate surgical intervention.

Requires immediate treatment.

In addition to those listed in the treatment process, if necessary, analgesics, antitumor drugs and others are used as prescribed by the doctor.

When using drugs with the effect of dilating the pupil, the problem appears only for a certain time, and resolves itself as soon as the medication is finished. However, in any case, it is necessary to inform the attending physician about the effect produced. this medicine: the doctor may think that better drug replace.

Vision may be impaired.

Self-treatment for anicosoria is strictly prohibited, since the causes of the disease can be pathologies that cannot be detected by any self-diagnosis methods.

Video: we make a diagnosis by the condition of the pupil

Sometimes the condition of the pupils may indicate a particular disease. You can find out more on our video.

Prevention

The main thing for the successful treatment of this pathology is to pay attention to the problem in time and consult a doctor. In this case, in the absence of a threat to vision and health in general, it will be possible to confine ourselves only to maintaining a healthy lifestyle and observing general preventive measures. If the pathology is dangerous, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment that will avoid dangerous consequences anikozoria.

pledge successful treatment is an early diagnosis.

specific prophylactic agents this disease no. We can only advise the observance of general health recommendations: maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding bad habits, caution when doing traumatic sports, work, taking additional vitamin complexes.

We learned what constitutes such an eye pathology as anikozoria. As you can see, pupils of different sizes can be clear external feature a person that does not pose a threat to his health, but can also mean a dangerous pathology. To accurately find out this fact, you need to contact an ophthalmologist for an examination. At timely treatment anikozoria prognosis in most cases is favorable, including in pediatrics.

A condition in which the pupils of the eyes react differently to light or hormonal release and acquire an unequal diameter is known medically as anisocoria.

The reasons for this phenomenon are varied and can only be accurately established with the participation of a doctor. Pupils of different sizes is an unsafe condition that can lead to undesirable complications and requires timely therapy under the supervision of a specialist.

The principle of operation of the eye pupil

The pupil is a black hole that occupies the center of the iris of the eyeball. This structure is responsible for the entry of light into the organs of vision and its further distribution.

By changing its diameter, the pupillary opening regulates the flow of light rays reaching the retina. Constriction and dilation of the pupils are regulated by special muscles - the sphincter and dilator.

Due to the ability of the pupils to change in size, the visual apparatus manages to perceive images with an unequal level of illumination.

Varieties of anisocoria

There are physiological, congenital, acquired anisocoria. The first variety of an ophthalmological phenomenon is said to be if the diameter of the right and left pupils differs by no more than 1 mm. In this case, the state is considered as a variant of the norm.

Congenital anisocoria is associated with defects visual system and is accompanied by unequal visual acuity in each of the eyes. Children with a similar disorder may lag behind healthy peers in terms of mental and physical development.

The acquired form of the disease is mainly diagnosed in adult patients. The factors that cause this variant of anisocoria will be discussed next.

The disease can also be unilateral or bilateral. Most often, the first variant of the pathology develops (in 90–95% of patients). Simultaneous damage to both eyes occurs in isolated cases.

Causes of pathology in adults

Differences in the size of the pupillary openings are caused by the following factors:

• Traumatic brain injury, accompanied by the development of bleeding.
• Damage to the optic nerve.
• The presence of glaucoma.
• Chronic migraine.
• Cervical osteochondrosis.
• Past strokes
• Oncology thyroid gland.
• Tumors in the brain.
• Surgical operations on the organs of vision.
• The impact of certain drugs.

Anisocoria is caused by the use of certain eye drops or sprays, inhalers for asthmatics. Of the narcotic substances, the anomaly is caused by tropicamide, pilocarpine, belladonna, cocaine.

Anisocoria in a child

AT younger age pupil mismatch is not always considered as a disease. A similar phenomenon does not need treatment if it is provoked by fear, strong emotions, stressful conditions, insufficient lighting in the room.

According to medical statistics, a slight deviation of the pupils in size is observed in 1–2 children out of 10 and resolves on its own by the age of 6–7 years.

Pathological anisocoria is considered if one of the pupils does not completely respond to light stimuli and an increase in the level of hormones in the blood. In such cases, the phenomenon is considered as a full-fledged disease, the causes of which can be:

• underdevelopment or infection of the brain;
• injuries of the pupillary sphincter;
• aneurysm of cerebral vessels;
• tumor-like processes in the intracranial space;
• diseases of the autonomic nervous system.

Congenital anisocoria is often detected in babies whose parents or other relatives suffer from similar ophthalmic disorders.

When to visit a doctor

If, in addition to the unequal pupil diameter, the patient has other symptoms, it becomes mandatory to contact a specialist. A visit to the doctor is required in cases where anisocoria is accompanied by:

• intolerable headaches;
• frequent dizziness;
• an increase in body temperature;
• swelling of the eyelids;
• discharge of pus from the eyes;
• nausea, vomiting that does not cause relief;
• doubling of the image;
• weakening of visual acuity;
• disorientation.

In some cases, a patient with anisocoria may suddenly lose consciousness. This situation requires an urgent call for an ambulance and emergency medical intervention.

Diagnostics

Examination and treatment of patients suffering from asymmetric pupils are carried out by specialists such as an ophthalmologist and a neurologist. To establish the cause of anisocoria and develop an effective therapeutic tactic, resort to the following diagnostic procedures:

• Delivery of general clinical, biochemical analysis blood.
• The study of urine, cerebrospinal fluid.
• Biomicroscopy.
• Pupillary reaction to light.
• Examination of the fundus.
• Diaphanoscopy (transillumination eyeballs in the absence of lighting).
• Radiography.
• Ultrasound of blood vessels, thyroid gland, other internal organs.
• MRI, CT scan of the brain.

If a patient is suspected of having vascular anomalies methods of contrast angiography, Doppler ultrasound. To exclude or confirm the toxic nature of pupillary pathology, special tests are used (cocaine, tropicamide, phenylephrine, pilocarpine). For this purpose, solutions of the listed substances are instilled into the organs of vision. After 45 min. after instillation, the doctor evaluates the size of the pupils and draws conclusions about the narcotic or other origin of the violation.

Holding differential diagnosis is aimed at distinguishing anisocoria from pathologies such as 3rd nerve palsy, Horner's syndrome, Adie's pupil, traumatic miosis or mydriasis.

Treatment of anisocoria

If the disturbance is temporary, there is often no need for intensive treatment. With constant anisocoria, the doctor's goal is to eliminate the primary disease that caused the discrepancy between the pupils in size.

With anisocoria occurring with an increase in the pupillary opening by 2 mm or more, a neurological disorder most often occurs. AT such a case the patient needs therapy under the supervision of a neurologist.

The drug course may include the use of the following pharmacology products:

• corticosteroids;
• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• anticancer drugs;
• painkillers;
• hormonal medicines;
• anticonvulsants;
• antibiotics.

If the anomaly is congenital, manifests itself against the background of an aneurysm or tumor processes in the brain, the patient is prescribed surgical intervention. After the operation, the patient will need to undergo rehabilitation under the supervision of the attending physician. With a successful operation, the state of the visual apparatus normalizes over several months or a year.

Possible complications

To the most frequent complications anisocoria include eye migraine. This disorder is characterized by severe headaches, combined with a marked deterioration in visual function.

Lack of reaction to light in one of the pupils also leads to a spasm of accommodation. The consequence of such a state is imitation clinical picture myopia.

Patients with anisocoria are also prone to developing secondary uveitis. Another complication of the disease is the symptomatology of false ptosis, caused by the patient's attempts to limit the participation of one eye in the act of vision. Children with unequal pupils have an increased risk of developing amblyopia, a persistent deterioration visual perception, poorly amenable to ophthalmic correction.

Disease prevention

There are no specific preventive measures to avoid pupil divergence in ophthalmology. Most often doctors give general recommendations aimed at preventing pathology.

The main ways to reduce the risk of developing anisocoria can be:

• Timely detection and treatment of infectious, inflammatory diseases.
• Strengthening immunity.
• Prevention of eye injury.
• Proper hygiene of the organs of vision.
• Use of protective optics.
• The use of special vitamin and mineral complexes, moisturizing eye drops.
• Rejection of harmful addictions (alcohol, drugs).

To prevent the occurrence of an anomaly in the unborn child, during pregnancy, women are advised to healthy lifestyle life, follow all the recommendations of doctors.

When the first signs of a pupillary anomaly appear, it is necessary to abandon self-medication and be sure to visit an ophthalmologist. Only a specialist will be able to make a correct diagnosis and determine whether anisocoria is pathological. After a detailed examination of the visual system, the doctor will help effective therapy on the early term disease and avoid dangerous complications.

Pupils of different sizes can be a manifestation of an ophthalmic or neurological disease.

Also, this pathology is called anisocoria, as seen in the photo, while a person has pupils of different diameters. Usually one eye reacts to light, while the other remains motionless. The difference in the diameter of two pupils is not more than 1 mm. Outwardly it is absolutely imperceptible.

Types of anisocoria

• physiological. If the difference between the pupils is 0.5-1 mm and the diagnosis did not reveal any diseases, then this condition refers to physiological anisocoria and is regarded as idiosyncrasy organism. According to statistics, this feature occurs in one fifth of people.
• congenital. This type develops due to defects in the visual apparatus, while the eyes may have different visual acuity. Also, the causes may be a violation of the development or damage to the nervous apparatus of the eyes.

Anisocoria in a child

Sometimes a child is born in a family with different pupils, if one of the relatives had such deviations, then most likely it is genetic and there is no reason for concern.

This hereditary feature manifests itself immediately after childbirth and does not lead to a delay in emotional or mental development. Often in children, the hereditary difference in the diameter of the pupils disappears by the age of 5-6, but in some cases it can remain throughout life.

Sometimes the presence of pupils of different sizes is a manifestation of Horner's syndrome, then drooping of the eyelids is connected to anisocoria, as a rule, above one eye, where the pupil is narrower.

Causes of anisocoria in newborns

More common causes are a violation of the development of the autonomic nervous system of the baby or a hereditary pathology of the iris. If the difference in the diameter of the pupils appeared suddenly, then this may be a manifestation of the following pathologies:

• brain tumor;
• aneurysm of cerebral vessels;
• brain injury;
• encephalitis.

Causes of anisocoria in adults

1. brain aneurysm.
2. traumatic brain injury and concomitant bleeding.
3. diseases of the oculomotor nerve.
4. migraine, in this case, the different diameter of the pupils does not remain long.
5. neoplasm or abscess of the brain.
6. various infectious processes in the brain (encephalitis, meningitis).
7. glaucoma, increased pressure in one of the eyes can cause
8. use of some medicines, such as eye drops, can cause a reversible difference in pupil size.
9. Horner's syndrome. Neoplasm in lymph node located at the top of the chest can cause severe anisocoria, as well as drooping of the eyelid.
10. Roque's syndrome is the cause of lung cancer.
11. eye injury with damage to the muscles responsible for the narrowing and expansion of the pupil.
12. cerebrovascular accident.
13. blood clots in the carotid artery.
14. inflammatory eye diseases (iridocyclitis, uveitis).
15. hereditary anomalies in the development of the visual organs.

When you need to see a doctor urgently

It is very important to see a doctor as soon as possible if you have a sudden or gradual change in pupil diameter that cannot be explained and does not go away for a long time. This can be a manifestation of very serious illnesses. Attachment to anisocoria should be especially alert the following manifestations: fever, blurred vision, double vision, photophobia, eye pain or headache, sudden loss of vision, vomiting or nausea.

Diagnostics

how additional methods to clarify why anisocoria appeared, can be used:

1. lung x-ray.
2. ophthalmoscopy.
3. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, with the introduction of a contrast agent.
4. diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid.
5. registration of intraocular pressure.
6. dopplerography of cerebral vessels.

Treatment of anisocoria

Treatment depends entirely on the identified cause of this pathology. If this is a hereditary or physiological condition, then there is no need for therapy. If the cause is infectious or inflammatory processes, then prescribe treatment for the appropriate nosology. Local or systemic antibiotics are prescribed. In case of tumor processes, the treatment is surgical.

Pupils of different sizes can be a manifestation of the most different pathologies Therefore, it is better not to postpone a visit to the doctor.

Anisocoria is a common ophthalmic abnormality in which the patient's pupil sizes do not match. In this case, the changed pupil may be slightly deformed. If one pupil is larger than the other, the causes of this pathology in adults can be different, starting hormonal failure and ending with a serious eye disease. It is quite simple to determine the pathology: you just need to focus your eyes on some object in front of the mirror, which is in a stationary state. In this case, one pupil will constantly change its size, expanding or narrowing, while the other, on the contrary, will remain motionless. With the presence of a problem, everything is clear, now you need to start treatment.

According to statistics, anisocoria is most often diagnosed in childhood, but adults also often have to deal with it. Read more about the causes and treatment of the disease and will be discussed in this article.

How pupils work

This is the key component of the eye, located in the center of the iris. The main task of the pupils is to collect light rays, which they then perceive. Around the pupils are muscles that, by contracting, regulate the illumination of the retina. For example, when a person enters a dark room, his pupils dilate to capture light, and in a brighter room, the pupils constrict accordingly.

This is an important system that allows you to get the maximum amount of information from environment under different lighting conditions. But in violation of the functions of the pupils, there may be serious problems. The degree of illumination in the room is not the only reason for the change in the size of the pupils.

On a note! A similar phenomenon can also be observed under the influence of uniform illumination, therefore, a slight difference (no more than 1 mm) may occur between the diameters of the pupils. This indicator is the norm, and if the difference is exceeded, the help of a specialist is necessary.

Causes of the pathological condition

As noted earlier, anisocoria can develop in people regardless of their age or gender. But there are many factors that can cause this disorder, and all of them may differ depending on whether it is a child or an adult patient. If an ailment is provoked in newborns, a deviation in development or genetic predisposition, then in children infancy anisocoria develops against the background food poisoning encephalitis, brain injury, oncological diseases or aneurysms.

Now consider the main causes of anisocoria in adults:

• severe migraine;
• inflammatory eye diseases (iridocyclitis, keratitis and others);
• consequences of some medical preparations, for example, "Atropine";
• infectious diseases (encephalitis, meningitis, etc.);
• mechanical damage to the organs of vision resulting from trauma;
• intracerebral hemorrhage;
• Horner's syndrome;
• development of benign or malignant tumors.

It is impossible to exclude such a factor as a genetic predisposition, because anisocoria refers to those diseases that can be inherited. Therefore, if one of your parents or relatives has previously encountered this disease, then it is likely that after some time you will be diagnosed with it.

Additional symptoms

Along with a change in the size of the pupil, the patient may experience other symptoms, including:

• decrease in working capacity;
• blurred vision;
• development of torticollis (a pathology accompanied by a change in the nerves, skeleton and soft tissues of the neck);
• bouts of nausea and vomiting;
• pain in the eye area;
• feverish state;
• Strong headache;
• in the eyes begins;
• increased sensitivity to light;
• blurred vision.

If these symptoms appear, you should immediately seek medical help. Only a timely appeal to a specialist will eliminate the problem for another early stage development, which will eliminate the likelihood of serious complications.

Features of diagnostics

You need to contact an ophthalmologist who will conduct a neurological and physical examination of the patient. As a rule, when diagnosing anisocoria, the doctor prescribes the following procedures:

• checking the reaction of pupils in a light and dark room;
• x-ray examination cervical or skulls;
• if glaucoma is suspected, the patient is given tonometry;
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);
• laboratory analysis of cerebrospinal fluid;
• analysis of urine and blood.

On a note! Based on the results of the tests, the doctor can make a diagnosis. Only after establishing the exact cause of the pathological condition, the patient is prescribed a course of appropriate therapy.

How to treat

Depending on which factor provoked the development of this deviation, the course of treatment may vary. Let us consider in more detail the principle of treatment of anisocoria in accordance with the causative factor.

Table. Features of the treatment of anisocoria in adults.

In almost all cases, they indicate the course of a serious illness that requires immediate treatment. Therefore, it is impossible to ignore the symptom, because it is fraught with serious consequences.

Is it possible to change pupil size?

Many people wonder if it is possible to influence the size of their pupils on command. For example, you need to narrow or expand the pupils for the duration of the photo shoot. In fact, there is nothing difficult in this. Below is step-by-step instruction, the observance of which will lead you to the desired result.

Step 1. Enter a dark room. As noted earlier, pupils dilate in a dark room as they try to “catch” more light. If it is not possible to completely remove the light in the room, then simply turn away from the windows, thereby protecting yourself from light sources.

Step 2 To narrow your pupils, turn to a light source in your home and stay in that position for a few seconds. If you are on the street, then it is enough to look up. Of course, looking at the sun is bad for your eyes, so it's best to focus your eyes on something else.

Step 3 Another easy way to narrow your pupils. Just look at the object that is located next to you. When focusing, the pupils constrict. Alternatively, you can put your finger in front of the eye and focus your attention on it.

Step 4 Tighten your abdominal muscles. Many people manage to dilate the pupils by keeping the muscles in constant tension. To test this method, you need to tighten your stomach and look at yourself in the mirror. If the pupils have dilated, then this method is suitable for you, if not, then try another method.

Prevention measures

To prevent the development of anisocoria, it is necessary to take certain preventive measures:

• regularly donate blood to check the level of sugar;
• monitor changes in blood pressure;
• Check your blood cholesterol levels and adjust if needed. This will prevent the development of such a disease as atherosclerosis;
• regularly conduct preventive examinations with doctors to identify possible violations still at an early stage of development. It's about not only about the ophthalmologist, but also about other doctors.

Variable pupil diameter or anisocoria is a serious pathological disorder which may be related to the development various diseases or abnormalities in the body. Therefore, in order to avoid complications, it is necessary to identify the cause of the pathology as soon as possible, especially since anisocoria in rare cases can act as the only symptom diseases.

Video - What do eyes of different sizes mean