Anastasia Volochkova said that Dana Borisova slandered her for the sake of money: the ballerina denied rumors that she had problems with alcohol. Loss loss! Star beauties who have serious hair problems Wrong hair care: trichologist

What are the most common causes of diffuse hair loss?

Diffuse hair loss is a collective concept.

An interesting classification is according to Headington (1993), which identifies five functional types of telogen hair loss.

1. Premature termination of the anagen phase is the most common reaction of follicles to the action of provoking factors. Hair follicles, which should have been in the growth phase for a long time, enter the telogen phase prematurely and the process ends with abundant hair loss a few weeks after exposure to the provoking factor.
2. Late completion of the anagen phase, characteristic of postpartum hair loss. Most follicles (due to hormonal changes during pregnancy) are in the growth phase and do not enter the catagen phase until the baby is born. After childbirth, these follicles rapidly enter the catagen phase, resulting in hair loss 3 months after childbirth.
3. Premature completion of the telogen phase, which is characterized by a significant shortening of the resting phase, which contributes to the rapid entry of the follicle into the next growth phase.
4. Late completion of the telogen phase. It is observed in people living in conditions of short daylight hours.

If the specialist diagnoses Diffuse hair loss , he must complete this diagnosis with a clarification - against what background, i.e. indicate the causative factor. Most often, with an indication of the causative factor, this diagnosis sounds like Diffuse telogen hair loss due to iron deficiency or against the background of chronic neurosis (depression, stress). In the simplest cases, diffuse hair loss is reactive, i.e. is a reaction to an earlier, 2-4 months before hair loss, disease with high temperature, intoxication, or surgical intervention, injury, taking or canceling certain medications, childbirth, abortion. In this case, hair loss is temporary and in most cases, it stops on its own within a few months. But in cases where hair loss is associated with iron deficiency, protein deficiency, body weight loss, deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids, other deficient conditions, thyroid pathology and more rare endocrine and other diseases, without clarifying the diagnosis and eliminating the cause, self-healing is unlikely.

Separately allocated Idiopathic chronic diffuse alopecia. In some patients, even the most thorough examination does not reveal any causative factor for hair loss and therefore the diagnosis of "idiopathic chronic alopecia" is established. However, when making such a diagnosis, one should not forget about the role of chronic neurosis and depression, which are difficult to diagnose with the help of tests, and one should not forget about the possible sluggish course of androgenetic alopecia, which is easily confused with chronic diffuse telogen hair loss.

How can stress affect hair loss?

Stress (in fact, it can be acute or chronic neurosis or depression and more serious neuropsychiatric diseases) is a great provocateur, manifesting itself in the organ that is the weak point. For someone it gastrointestinal tract, For others - reproductive system, but in many people it is the hair that reacts. The fact is that under stress, biologically released from the endings of sensitive nerve fibers active substances, neurotransmitters - acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, substance P and many others. Hair follicles are richly innervated and therefore highly sensitive to factors affecting the central nervous system. Accumulation of substance P around hair follicle ov leads to perifollicular inflammation with the involvement of immune cells, the interaction of which with the cells of the hair follicles leads to hair loss and stunted hair growth.

How to distinguish chronic diffuse telogen hair loss from androgenetic alopecia?

Diffuse hair loss proceeds in waves, with periods of deterioration, but what is important - with periods of improvement in the condition of the hair, which is not typical for AGA.

In AGA, there is progressive thinning, not just hair loss. Therefore, after performing a trichoscopy and a phototrichogram, the trichologist will pay attention to whether the hair of the usual diameter for the patient falls out (which is typical for diffuse loss), or predominantly, thinning or vellus hair falls out (which is typical for AGA). Thus, a high percentage of vellus among telogen hair is an indicator of AHA, a high percentage of terminal among telogen hair is an indicator of diffuse hair loss (hair loss without progressive thinning).

And if the falling hair is not yet vellus, because. did not have time to move into vellus, or vellus hair has already fallen out? In this case, if the trichologist notes that the hair in the telogen phase is thinner than the hair in the anagen phase, we are talking about AGA. In those cases, if the vellus has already fallen out, and new ones are not formed, instead of the fallen out vellus hairs during AGA, “yellow dots” will be noticeable and there will be many “single units”. If the hairs are approximately the same in diameter, there is no significant difference between anagen and telogen hair, it is most likely diffuse telogen shedding. But here we are already delving into special issues. differential diagnosis which are studied in courses on trichology. Independently and without equipment, it is impossible to reliably determine the diameter of anagen or telogen hair, although anyone can pay attention to the proportion of short and thin hair that falls out when washing their hair.

What tests are recommended for a patient with diffuse hair loss?

Trichoscopy and phototrichogram are mandatory. Laboratory methods include TSH level assessment for thyroid screening evaluation, clinical analysis blood, ESR, ferritin and iron levels. Other tests may be needed, but according to individual indications. So, with a lack of body weight, it will be necessary to exclude protein-calorie insufficiency, in other patients it is necessary to evaluate the level of vitamin D and polyunsaturated fatty acids, sometimes it is necessary to exclude hypoparathyroidism or celiac disease. The list of problems can be quite long. As for the assessment of sex hormones, the approach here is the same as in the diagnosis of AGA. Sex hormones should be assessed only for women with complaints of irregular menstrual cycle, hirsutism. Hair loss itself is not an indication for the study of sex hormones in the blood. After all, on the other hand, endless studies, in the absence of specific complaints and indications for these studies, can lead to adverse consequences. The more unnecessary tests are done, the greater the likelihood of technical errors leading to non-existent diagnoses and treatment of non-existent diseases.

How to treat diffuse telogen hair loss?

Therapeutic measures should be divided into two groups. The first group - specific, the second group - non-specific methods of therapy. Under specific treatment(etiopathogenetic) it is worth understanding the impact on the causal factor and the mechanism of the development of the problem, because we know that with diffuse hair loss, there is usually a factor that caused this loss, or it continues to act. In the case of iron deficiency, iron supplementation will be the specific treatment. With protein-calorie insufficiency - intake of protein and amino acids, correction of lifestyle and nutrition. With hypothyroidism - taking L-thyroxine preparations. With neurosis - a set of measures aimed at normalizing the function nervous system etc. As for non-specific measures, they mean the use of methods and drugs that have an effect regardless of the problem, because. in any case, they normalize the nutrition of hair follicles, suppress inflammation, improve blood circulation, block androgen receptors, stimulate growth, activate metabolism, etc.

What components should contain external preparations that reduce hair loss and stimulate hair growth?

The most useful components in cosmetics are: universal hair stimulants, such as capixil, kegaba, aminopyrimidine (as part of DNA and RNA hydrolysates), antiandrogens plant origin- extract of dwarf palm, African plum, biogenic stimulants - royal jelly, inositol, caffeine, adenosine, placental extract, B vitamins, biotin; vasodilating components - derivatives nicotinic acid; sulfur-containing amino acids, especially cysteine, trace elements - especially zinc and copper, as well as silicon, magnesium, iron; natural antioxidants - green tea, zinc, selenium, antioxidant vitamins A, C, E; extracts of arnica, burdock, nettle.

Are there drugs that contain the entire set of these components?

Yes, there are. Pay attention to the composition of lotions Dixidox DeLuxe forte lotion No. 3.4

Creksepil DeLuxe forte lotion No. 3.4.1; CreksepilDeLuxe classic lotion No. 3.4.2;

Fresh Cells DeLuxe lotion No. 3.4.3; Capixil + placenta shock DeLuxe lotion № 3.4.4

Science-7 DeLuxe lotion № 3.4.5

What components should contain drugs that reduce hair loss and stimulate hair growth, intended for oral administration?

Preparations containing large doses of biotin, copper and zinc, phytosterols, colostrum, taurine, dwarf palm and African plum extracts, curcumin, resveratrol, green tea extract, pyridoxal phosphate, raspberry ketones, cysteine ​​have proven themselves well. Pay attention to the composition of the English complexes for oral administration - female and male capsules intervention (Nanogen ). They contain a classic set of components.

Can you give an example of any "universal" scheme for the treatment of diffuse hair loss?

With hair loss on the background stressful situations: Dixidox DeLuxe Intensive Shampoo No. 3.1, daily or every other day

Creksepil DeLuxe forte lotion No. 3.4.1 (2 months), then Dixidox DeLuxe forte lotion No. 3.4 -2 months or until improvement.

With hair loss against the background of a deficiency of iron, trace elements, vitamins, protein:

Fresh Cells DeLuxe Wandersell lotion No. 3.4.3 A with concentrate Fresh Cells DeLuxe No. 3.4.3 B - 2 months, then Dixidox DeLuxe forte until sustainable improvement

Postpartum diffuse hair loss:

Dixidox DeLuxe Intensive Shampoo No. 3.1, daily or every other day;

Capixil + placenta shock DeLuxe lotion No. 3.4.4 - 2 months; Further

Science-7 DeLuxe lotion No. 3.4.5 A - until sustainable improvement

Diffuse hair loss in children:

Lotion Royal Jelly + “Green Oxygen” No. 4.4.1. Until sustainable improvement.

In all cases, with prolonged hair loss, it is recommended to use Hair Max laser comb, for 15 minutes, 3 times a week, in a course, until a steady improvement, or for a period of at least 6 months. Then, if necessary, supportive treatment once a week.

Inside - capsules Intervention (Nanogen), 1 x 2 times a day, a course of 2 to 4 months.

The fight against baldness

Not only men, but also women are familiar with this problem. The difference is that for some men, baldness does not go away so dramatically. They continue to live in peace, resigned to the fact of losing their hair, from which there was an “island” thin hair. However, there are those men for whom the fact of baldness becomes a real tragedy, leading to the formation of powerful complexes at the psychological level. Needless to say, how emotionally women relate to this problem ...

In some cases, to stop the process of baldness, it is enough to start healthy lifestyle life by properly organizing your diet. But in all other cases, surgical intervention is necessary, using various methods. To date, to solve this problem, it is customary to use various drugs or traditional medicine. But the most effective in this regard is demonstrated by professional cosmetics. Leading manufacturers offer a wide range of cosmetic products that can quickly and effectively counteract baldness, as well as treat hair that is at the stage of hair loss. The composition of these drugs has a restorative effect on the hair follicle, activating the function of hair growth in it. Under their influence, the hair that still remains is strengthened, and the so-called “sleeping hair follicles” are “awakened”. The effect of the use of such lotions, serums and other things comes quickly enough.

We cut them, style them, love or hate them. Let's be honest: good hair make us confident and give us sexuality.

So what is a girl to do when her beautiful curls begin to thin?

Hair loss after childbirth, during menopause or other hormonal imbalances is unfortunately not uncommon.

Reasonable hair loss is a natural process: according to the American Academy of Dermatology, average person loses about 50-100 hairs a day. However, hair loss on a more severe scale can be reversed by addressing health and hormonal issues.

4 hormonal problems leading to hair loss

If hormones can cut your energy and lower your libido, it's no wonder they can also turn your locks into a mess. Here are just a few examples of how hormonal problems can cause hair loss:

1. Excess estrogen

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Ballerina Anastasia Volochkova remained silent after Dana Borisova's statement. Recall that on the talk show “Secret for a Million”, Borisova, who has just returned from a rehabilitation clinic, wants to help some of her colleagues overcome harmful addictions. She mentioned a certain “ballerina” and “a TV presenter whose hair fell out”, apparently alluding to Volochkova and Masha Malinovskaya. According to her, both have long needed help in the treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction.

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Malinovskaya is still silent, but Volochkova commented on the rumors. According to her, Dana Borisova slandered her for profit.

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According to her, they were never friends with Borisova, and Dana had already framed her a couple of times for the sake of PR. So, collaborating with a well-known cosmetology clinic in Moscow, Borisova allegedly started a rumor that Volochkova was undergoing plastic surgery with them. However, Volochkova tried to contact Borisova after the release of the program. But she refused to talk to her, writing only that she did not mean Volochkova when she spoke about the drunken ballerina.

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It is evident that Danochka is ill, and very seriously. And in this state, you can think of anything you want. And she chose me, knowing that I could not be offended by unhealthy people for a long time. Lord, let's forgive her this stupidity and ignobleness towards me. Apparently, she really needs money - otherwise I can’t explain her act.

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Long, short, voluminous, shiny - for most women, hair is much more than a bundle of fibers.

It is an expression of their style and personality. Research also confirms that hair and self-esteem are closely intertwined. If even a rare "bad hair day" can make a woman feel bad, hair loss can be a horrific sight she faces every morning in front of the mirror.

Why do women lose their hair too often?

The notion that thinning hair is a problem for men is wrong. 40% of people who experience temporary or long-term hair loss are women. In some of them, the hair thins evenly, while in others it falls out of the central part. The third develops a clear baldness at the top of the head. Unlike men, women rarely develop a receding front hairline (bald patches).

Average hairy part head has 100,000 hairs. Each follicle gives rise to one hair, which grows at a rate of 1.3 cm per month. After growing for 2-6 years, the hair remains dormant for a while and then falls out. These are soon replaced by new hairs and the cycle begins again. At any given time, 85% of the hairs are growing and the rest are dormant.

Because resting hair falls out regularly, most people lose between 50 and 100 hairs every day. You can usually find a few in your hairbrush or on your clothes. Abnormal hair loss can occur in several ways. You may notice impressive shedding in whole strands while washing or styling. Or your hair is thinning slowly over a long period of time. If you are worried about changes in the condition of your hair, check with your doctor.

Hair loss in women can be caused by about 30 different medical conditions, as well as certain lifestyle factors. Sometimes no specific cause can be found. As a starting point, hair loss experts recommend checking for problems with thyroid gland and hormonal imbalance. In most cases, the hair will grow back once the cause is corrected.

The Savin Scale is a widely used measurement that ranges from normal hair density to crown baldness (which is very rare). It is useful in documenting the pattern of female pattern baldness, which affects an estimated 30 million American women. Experts believe that heredity and aging play a role in the development of androgenetic alopecia, along with hormonal changes during menopause. Hair can thin out over the entire area of ​​the scalp, and the most pronounced loss is observed along the central part. Bald patches are rare in women.

Thyroid is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck. It produces hormones that regulate many processes throughout the body. If the gland produces too little or too much hormones, the hair growth cycle can be disrupted. But hair loss is rarely the only symptom thyroid problems. Other symptoms include weight gain or loss, very dry skin or eczema, increased sensitivity to cold or heat, and changes in heart rate.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have chronic hormonal imbalance. The body produces higher levels of androgens than necessary. This often causes excess hair growth on the face and body, while thinning hair on the scalp. Polycystic ovary syndrome can also lead to problems with ovulation, acne, and weight gain. But sometimes thinning hair is the only visible sign.

Alopecia areata causes hair to fall out in spectacular patches. The cause is the body's own immune system, which mistakenly attacks healthy hair follicles. In most cases, damage is not permanent. In areas that have fallen out, hair usually grows back within 6 months to a year. In rare cases, people can lose all their hair on their head and body.

When ringworm affects the scalp, the fungus causes hair loss of a special nature - itchy, round patches of baldness occur. These areas may become flaky and red. Ringworm scalp are treated with antifungal agents. The fungus spreads easily through direct contact, so family members should also be checked for symptoms.

Some women may notice that their hair appears thicker during pregnancy. This is due to the high levels of hormones that keep dormant hair from falling out. But it can't last forever. After the baby is born, when hormone levels return to normal values, this hair falls out quickly. This can lead to severe hair loss in a short period of time. Hair return to normal condition may take up to two years.

Little known side effect birth control pills is a potential hair loss. Hormones that suppress ovulation can cause hair thinning in some women, especially those with a family history of hair loss. Sometimes hair loss starts after you stop taking birth control. Other medicines associated with hair loss include blood thinners, treatments for increased blood pressure, heart disease, arthritis and depression.

When following extreme diets, you can lose more than just weight. People may notice hair loss after 3-6 months of weight loss of more than 7 kg, but they should grow back with a healthy diet. Be prepared for some degree of hair loss if your diet contains too little protein or too much vitamin A.

This is not a myth: tight braids or ponytails can irritate the scalp and cause hair loss. The same is true for using tight curlers. Let your hair down and it will usually grow back. Remember that long-term use of such hairstyles can lead to scarring of the scalp and permanent hair loss.

Hair loss is a notorious side effect of two treatments. malignant neoplasms- chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Both of these treatments can damage the hair follicles, causing sudden hair loss. But this damage is almost always short-lived. Once the treatment is over, the hair will usually grow back.

Extreme physical or emotional stress can cause half to two thirds of the hair on your head to fall out suddenly.

Examples of stress include:

• Serious illness or major surgery
• Injury with blood loss
• Severe emotional trauma

Hair loss can last 6-8 months.

Minoxidil 5% (Rogaine) is approved for the treatment of female pattern hair loss. Taking this drug once a day can slow or stop hair loss in most women and can help it grow back in a quarter of those who use it. Beneficial features this remedy is lost after the termination of its use. For women with alopecia areata, corticosteroids can help regrow hair. And if you have any medical diseases that cause hair loss, they will grow back on their own after the disease is under control.

Devices that emit low energy laser light can stimulate hair growth to help with hair loss.

and are used in some clinics and in the form of hand-held devices for home use. At least one device has received FDA approval for use in men and women, based on a small study that showed efficacy in some of the people who used it. It takes 2-4 months to see results. The safety and efficacy of long-term use of laser devices is unknown.

This procedure consists in transferring hair to the scalp from donor areas. The problem is that female-pattern hair loss causes hair thinning over the entire surface, so the number of good donor areas is limited. The exception is women with male pattern baldness or hair loss caused by scarring.

A quick internet search can turn up dozens of products designed to stop hair loss and regrow hair. Unfortunately, there is no way to know if the before and after photos of these products have been tampered with. To evaluate these treatments, you may want to consult a dermatologist.

Ask your stylist to give you some advice - short hair or, on the other hand, gentle curls. Styling products for sparse hair can help hide hair loss. You apply it to the roots of your hair and blow-dry it gently to create volume (let your hair partially air-dry before blow-drying). Special cosmetics can camouflage visible areas of the scalp. Maybe you should try keratin fibers. They are sprayed over an area with thinning hair, where their static charge makes the hair look thicker.

Adapting to permanent hair loss is challenging for most women. If areas of thinning hair are very visible, braid them, wear a chignon, scarf, or hat to hide them. Good quality wigs are very comfortable and don't have bad days. If hair loss interferes with your work or social life, because of this you do not want to leave the house, consider contacting a psychologist.

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Hair growth cycles and shedding rates

The number of hairs in each person is genetically laid down, but on average, about one hundred and ten thousand hairs grow on the head, for some this number reaches one hundred and fifty thousand. Normally, up to a hundred hairs are lost every day.

Human hair goes through several stages in its growth, which are called the hair growth life cycle. There are three such phases:

• Anagen phase. This is the period of formation of the hair root or hair follicle, its duration is from 2 to 4 years.
• Phase catagen. It is characterized by the end of hair growth. It lasts from 2 to 3 weeks.
• Telogen phase. Its duration is from 3 to 4 months. It is divided into two stages - the phases of early and late telogen. In the early telogen phase, hair growth is completely over. Often girls who want to let go of long hair notice that their hair no longer grows beyond a certain length. The late telogen phase is characterized by the natural death of the hair, leading to hair loss. The hair may be in the follicle for some time, but then falls out. And the anagen phase comes again.

With hair loss, it is the anagen phase that is disrupted - the period of their active growth, that is, the hair falls out before it has had time to fully mature. Not completed life cycle hair becomes thin and brittle, their number decreases.

If you do not start treatment, the hair follicles will atrophy and baldness will occur.

Types of alopecia

Alopecia is a process of pathological hair loss, the result of which is baldness. In appearance, alopecia can be of two types:

• Stripe type. At the beginning, a strip resembling the letter “I” appears in the parietal part, there is little hair on it and the skin begins to shine through. At the same time, signs of hair loss are observed on the temples and the fronto-parietal part of the head. Without treatment, the strip expands and covers the entire parietal part.
• Nest type. Alopecia of this type develops rather quickly. At first, the process goes like a strip, then it expands and takes the form of an ellipse. If you do not start treatment, then very soon hair loss will affect the entire head.

In women, alopecia can be of several types.

diffuse alopecia

With this type of baldness, the hair begins to fall out all over the head. The cause may be hormonal, endocrine disorders, viral infections, skin diseases. It can be of two forms:

• Telogen. For a number of reasons, up to 80% of hair follicles go into the telogen stage - rest - ahead of time, and the hair stops growing.
• Anagenova. It occurs when the body is suddenly exposed to radiation, radiation or poison, including chemotherapy, as a result of which the hair does not have time to go into the resting phase, but begins to fall out immediately after the anagen-growth stage. After eliminating the cause of alopecia, the hair is completely restored within 3-9 months.

Alopecia areata or alopecia areata

Hair loss is caused by damage to the hair follicles that occurs due to factors immune protection. Alopecia areata according to the type of nest has several subspecies:

• Total. It develops very quickly - from 2 days to 3 months, is characterized by the intensive formation of foci that merge with each other. Ultimately, all the hair on the face and head falls out. At timely treatment the process can be stopped.
• Subtotal. Alopecia progresses slowly and captures approximately 50% of the head. Without timely treatment, eyelashes and eyebrows fall out.
• Universal. This type alopecia is characterized by hair loss all over the body.
• Regional. Hair loss occurs in the occipital, temporal and in the edge of the scalp. At the first stage, vellus hair is preserved, but without treatment, they also fall out.
• Shearing. With this type of alopecia, the hair breaks off at a distance of 1-1.5 centimeters from the head, the parietal and frontal parts are affected. The disease proceeds with relapses, but with proper treatment stable remission is possible.

Androgenetic alopecia

This form is caused by heredity, hormonal disorders, taking hormonal drugs. Its cause is an overabundance in the body of a woman of male hormones - androgens. Hair loss can be either a strip type or a nest type. Under the influence of male hormones, the anagen phase, which is responsible for hair growth, is reduced. Thus, in the presence of a normal number of hair follicles, a person becomes bald, because the hair does not have time to grow. Without proper treatment, a woman is threatened with hair loss on the parietal part of her head.

Scarring alopecia

Its appearance is associated with irreversible damage to the hair follicles and scalp. The cause may be burns and injuries. Infectious diseases can cause inflammation of the hair roots, resulting in their place will appear connective tissue. With timely treatment, hair can be saved.

seborrheic alopecia

The cause of this type of alopecia is the excessive production of sebum, which clogs the follicles and interferes with hair growth.

Traumatic alopecia

This type of hair loss occurs with constant mechanical damage to the follicles, which is due to excessively frequent combing, styling with hot tongs, drying with too hot air.

Causes of hair loss and how to prevent it

There are a number of reasons for hair loss:

• Weak immunity. After serious infectious diseases, increased hair loss may begin. To avoid this, it is necessary to take drugs that stimulate the immune system (as agreed with the doctor), walk a lot, play sports.
• Taking medication. Hair loss can be caused by the use of certain contraceptives, aspirin, blood pressure medications, certain steroids, and antidepressants. The most serious damage is caused by a course of chemotherapy. However, usually after the end of treatment, the hair growth process is restored.
• iron deficiency. It can be the cause of excessively heavy periods or the result of debilitating diets. To normalize the situation, you should drink vitamins, which include iron, as well as eat foods rich in iron: pomegranate and pomegranate juice, liver, beef, seafood, fish, eggs, Rye bread, buckwheat and oatmeal.
• Hormonal disorders . Hormonal imbalance causes hair loss, usually occurs at the onset of sexual activity, pregnancy, after childbirth, during menopause. In addition, a similar effect can cause various endocrine disorders and diabetes(In this case, it is mandatory to visit an endocrinologist and pass a series of tests. After the treatment prescribed by the doctor, the hairline is restored).
• Infectious diseases of the scalp. Usually these are diseases such as dermatitis and seborrhea. Treatment must be prescribed by a doctor.
• Nutrition poor in vitamins and microelements. This situation can be both a consequence of spring beriberi, and excessive addiction to smoking and alcohol, which destroy part useful substances, directing them to fight against intoxication of the body. Taking vitamins and microelements (after consulting a doctor), as well as eating fresh fruits and vegetables, can help.
• Insufficient blood supply to the vessels of the head. The cause can be either a disease (cardiovascular, osteochondrosis), or excessive daily consumption of coffee, tea or alcohol, as they cause a sharp compression of blood vessels. You can solve the problem by limiting the use of these drinks, as well as long active walks in the fresh air.
• Stress. With constant stress, the proper blood supply to the hair roots is disrupted and they begin to actively fall out. If the situation is extremely difficult, you should consult a doctor, otherwise, you should rest more, take calming herbal preparations.
• Ecology. Increased radiation, polluted air, precipitation - all this affects the condition of the hair. The best solution, of course, would be to move to a more environmentally friendly area, but if this is not possible, you should try to eat natural food, avoid chronic diseases and stress.
• Temperature effect. You can not walk without a hat in the sun and in severe frosts.
• Hairstyle. With strong tension, a violation of the nutrition of the hair occurs, which affects their growth. First, the hair is injured, then a scar appears, on which nothing can grow. Therefore, you should not get carried away with very tight hairstyles, such as African braids and dreadlocks.

About alopecia in women on video.

Treatment of alopecia

Treatment of alopecia, like any other disease, must begin with finding out its causes.

For this, a trichologist doctor conducts a series of diagnostic studies, which include a blood test and a hair trichogram. In accordance with the result obtained, a course of treatment is selected. It should be aimed at normalizing the hormonal background and stimulating hair growth. For this, the following means are used:

• Spironolactone. It reduces the amount of fluid in the body, normalizes the hormonal background, slows down the production of androgens and blocks their effect on the body.
• Minoxidil (2% and 5%). It is used as a drug that preserves hair and restores their growth. Can only be used under medical supervision.
• Cimetidine. Designed for the treatment of excess facial hair, has an antiandrogenic effect.
• Estrogen and progesterone.
• Cyproterone acetate.
• Oral contraceptives with a mild androgenic index. The purpose of their use is to reduce the production of androgens by the ovaries.
• Vitamins, phytin and biotin.
• Psychotropic nootropics.
• Angiprotectors.
• Photochemotherapy.
• Physiotherapy, including the use of UV radiation, chloroethyl, Darsonval currents, cryomassage.
• Rubbing alcohol tinctures into the scalp (red pepper, Naftalan oil extract).
• Use of creams containing corticosteroids.

In severe cases of baldness, a doctor may suggest a hair transplant.

Noticing that there is much more hair on the comb than usual, you should not waste time, consult a doctor. It is not worth starting the process of hair loss, because its logical result may be an almost bald head. Strengthen hair can modern cosmetic procedure head cryomassage.

Thus, at the first sign of hair loss, appropriate measures must be taken. In the early stages, alopecia responds well to treatment.

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Is the patient alive or dead?

All types of alopecia can be divided into two broad groups - cicatricial and non-scarring. The first type is considered the most dangerous, it is not subject to correction and treatment, the only salvation trichologists call the hair transplantation procedure.

The thing is that at the site of the scar, the follicles completely atrophy and die. The second group is not so hopeless - the non-scarring type of alopecia leads to the suppression of the follicles while maintaining their function. The last group includes diffuse, androgenetic and focal hair loss.

Androgenetic alopecia

It is fair to say that androgenetic (androgenic) prolapse is the most common, accounting for up to 90% of all visits to a trichologist. Unfortunately, the disease is “getting younger”: statistics indicate that the diagnosis of “androgenetic alopecia” is confirmed in 47% of men under the age of 30 and 19% of women over 25 years of age.

Looking for a reason

The main cause of the disease is the increased sensitivity of the follicles to the action of androgens. Considering the hormonal "question", it is worth noting that in men, when diagnosing a disease, the level of androgens may be normal, which cannot be said about women. hormonal disorders with high level male sex hormone are accompanied by alopecia in 50% of cases.

How does the hormone affect the follicle? Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone lead to changes in the follicle: they shorten the growth phase (anagen), lengthen the latent period and lead to "follicular miniaturization". The latter term is understood as a decrease in the sebaceous-hairy apparatus, this leads to the fact that the terminal long hair shrinks in volume over time and reaches the level of the vellus.

Note! The basis of male and female androgenetic alopecia is the same mechanism, however, the process of hair loss differs significantly in form and intensity.

Male and female pattern baldness

1. The male type of alopecia is usually classified according to the Norwood-Hamilton test, which involves 7 stages:

1. The female type is classified according to Ludwig. Unlike male alopecia, female alopecia begins with the parting and is manifested by thinning of the hair, which subsequently spreads throughout the scalp.

1. Baldness type "Horseshoe". This type of spread of the disease is the most common in strong half humanity. Hair loss begins from the frontal part in the temples. Then the process gains such proportions that bald patches in the form of the letter “M” become visible to the naked eye.

The absence of any treatment and prevention measures can lead to the next stage, in which baldness extends to the entire fronto-parietal region, and the appearance of the bald area resembles the letter "U".

1. Baldness type "Nest". It occurs much less frequently and in most cases begins with thinning of the hair of the frontal part of the head. As a result abundant fallout hair on the crown of the head forms a bald area in the form of the letter "O". Over time, it will grow and sooner or later reach such proportions when the border of hair that separates the hairless area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe crown of the head and bald patch disappears, thereby forming the “horseshoe” described above.

Diffuse alopecia

The diffuse type of baldness is called female, the main reason lies in the sensitivity of the follicles to dihydrotestosterone.

The degree and form of baldness is determined by the Ludwig scale.

1. Alopecia in the form of a "stripe" (I-shaped alopecia).
2. Alopecia in the form of a "nest" (O-shaped alopecia).
3. Androgenetic type baldness leaves practically no hair in the parietal zone and is considered the most dangerous.

Note!
Ignoring the disease can lead to the “dandelion” effect, when a cloud of sparse and thin hair will cover a practically bald head.
This is what the last degree of diffuse alopecia looks like.

1. Alopecia type "Strip". The process begins with the parietal zone, on which a thinning area appears in the form of "I". Over time, the thinning passes to the fronto-parietal region in the region of the temples.
2. Baldness type "Nest". It differs from the above form only in the intensity of the flow. Outwardly, it will not look like an accelerated large-scale baldness, the follicles that lose their vitality suffer first of all.
3. Androgenetic mixed type- enough a rare thing female pattern baldness. A high concentration of testosterone is manifested not only by hair thinning, but also by the appearance of secondary male sexual characteristics, which include increased vegetation on the body and face, coarsening of the voice.

The first signs of the disease may appear in the form of a “nest” or “stripe”, however, in both cases, baldness occurs unevenly and completely.

Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata or patchy hair loss is a fairly rare type of baldness. It is of particular interest to scientists because it begins quite unexpectedly and just as suddenly stops. It has no definite time frame and no specific result. In some cases, it can result in a complete loss of hair or only a slight thinning.

The disease develops from a small area, which develops into complete baldness of the scalp (A. totalis) or body (A. universalis).

In rare cases, the hair may fall out scattered (A. diffusd), as in the case of the male beard area (A. barbae). Complete hair loss occurs in 7% of patients.

Trichologists distinguish 3 types of hair shafts along the edge of the bald spot - club-shaped, " Exclamation point", cone-shaped. The restored hair is unpigmented and thin, it only acquires a dense structure and color over time.

Types of alopecia:

1. Alopecia areata is manifested by hair loss in round and oval areas.
2. Alopecia color is well recognizable by unpigmented growing hairs.
3. Alopecia totalis - during the course of the disease, the hair grows back and falls out again.

Interesting fact!
In total, from 2.25 to 4.5 million people suffer from focal alopecia in the world.
Patients learn about the first signs of the disease at the age of 16-25 years.
In a quarter of cases, baldness has genetic roots; the majority of those examined are not diagnosed with concomitant diseases.

Looking for a reason

It is fair to say that the causes of alopecia areata have not been definitively established and continue to be investigated, but some conclusions can be drawn already now.

1. Stress is one of the main factors to be considered in patchy alopecia. However, there is no direct connection between them, trichologists emphasize that a stressful situation can become a catalyst for the process of hair loss in people who are predisposed to this.
2. Any physical injury leads to stimulation of the immune system, which means it increases the likelihood of protein production heat shock(BTSH). This is what is considered the cause of alopecia with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This type of alopecia is known as autoimmune hair loss.
3. They do not exclude the reasons underlying the transferred infectious diseases especially if they concern skin.

Principles of treatment

If you have a difficult battle for the density of your own hair, consider some factors that affect the effectiveness of the measures taken:

1. It is necessary to treat alopecia areata not only on the bald area of ​​the skin, but also throughout the scalp.
2. It is not worth talking about effectiveness and hoping for a result before 6-9 months of intensive treatment.
3. If the problem recurs systematically, the use of prophylactic antihistamines is important.
4. As maintenance therapy, multivitamins and injections of B vitamins are recommended.

Methods of treatment

	Type of treatment	Used drugs
1	Nonspecific irritants	croton oil; anthralin; dithranol;
2	Non-specific immunosuppressants	8-labels-sipsoralen; corticosteroids; PUVA therapy;
3	Agents capable of calling contact dermatitis	diphenylcyclopropenone; dinitrochlorobenzene; ester of squaric acid;
4	Specific immunosuppressants	CyA cyclosporine;

1. The use of non-specific stimuli is effective only in the case of alopecia triggered by the body's immune processes. Not so long ago, the arsenal of trichologists included preparations based on anthralin, ammonium, carbolic acid, iodine, croton oil, pepper, chrysarobin, or formaldehyde solution.
   At the moment, the effectiveness and safety has been proven only in relation to anthralin. The instruction recommends using it, including it in cream formulations at a concentration of 0.5%. As a supplement, the use of shampoos based on zinc pyrithione is recommended.

1. Agents that cause contact dermatitis include dinitrochlorobenzene, estersquaric acid dibutyl alcohol, and diphenylcyclopropenone; the latter is used extremely rarely due to the fact that in large quantities it can become a potential mutagen.
   This kind of therapy is carried out exclusively in a hospital, uncontrolled application of drugs is fraught with redness, itching, increased lymph nodes, urticaria, increased skin pigmentation. Agents have enough high performance efficiency: DPCP - 38%, DNCB - 63%, SADBE - 70%.

1. The effectiveness of non-specific immunosuppressants, such as corticosteroids, has been proven recently. They are administered in several ways, these may be topical application of a lotion or cream, subcutaneous injection into the affected area, intramuscular systemic injection and oral administration.
   The effectiveness can be said 3-6 months after the start of treatment. Among side effects note folliculosis, acne, hypertrichosis and local atrophy. Selective against hair loss Calcemin advance for hair loss

At all times, luxurious hair was considered a sign of beauty and health. The causes of hair loss concern both women and the stronger sex. This disease also occurs in children. The problem of baldness is relevant for 30% of men. It is very important to recognize the disease in the initial period and begin its treatment. You shouldn't do this on your own. Seeing a doctor is the best way out.

Physiological hair loss on the head (alopecia) is a natural process. However, their abundant disappearance should be alarming. The factors that determine this disease are both external and internal.

Age and alopecia

In children

Update hairline on the head of children due to nature. In infants, vellus hairs are replaced by new ones. At an older age, the hairline changes structure and color. This is due to stress, adverse environmental factors, hormonal changes in the body. However, during a strong manifestation of this process in children, the intervention of a specialist is required.

Men aged 20-30

• The main factors causing hair loss on the head in men of this age are: heredity;
• metabolic disease;
• unfavorable hormonal background.

At 30-45 years old

This age is reproductive. A person goes bald due to heredity, due to stressful situations, physical and mental stress, an unhealthy lifestyle;

Over 45 years old

Aging reduces the production of hormones, the first gray hair appears and “age-related baldness” is formed.

Types of baldness

Young people often experience premature baldness. The main manifestations are small bald spots and bald patches in the frontal part of the head. The causes of this disease lie in genetics. It is quite difficult to cure it.

Also distinguish:

• diffuse alopecia. The causes of sudden baldness can be: radiation, stress, medication, severe illness or surgery.
• Focal (nested) alopecia. Local hair loss on the head. Rarely observed and not fully understood. Scientists believe that this type manifests itself in disorders in the immune system.
• Scar alopecia. Due to inflammation or injury of the skin, the hair follicles die.
• Androgenetic alopecia. The disease begins due to the increased sensitivity of the bulbs to male hormones, the metabolism slows down. This impairs the nutrition of the roots and leads to their death.

Alopecia is both permanent and temporary.

Factors leading to hair loss

The causes of hair loss in adults and children are varied. They are caused by both external and internal factors:

The correct diagnosis for the disease is made by a trichologist or dermatologist. If necessary, a referral is given to a general practitioner, gastroenterologist, neuropathologist, immunologist, hematologist, andrologist or urologist. For symptoms in children, consult a pediatrician. Specialists will determine the causes of hair loss and prescribe appropriate procedures. Often it is necessary to establish the underlying disease that led to alopecia, and recovery occurs in a natural order.

As a rule, it is necessary to do general and biochemical blood tests, computer diagnostics hairline and scalp, phototrichogram, trichoscanning. Also examine the dermis for fungal infection and peeling, to study the hormonal and immune statuses, define chemical substances in the hair shaft.

Only after comprehensive survey and identifying the underlying ailment, the doctor draws conclusions and prescribes individual treatment, which can be adjusted. Main ways:

• medicines containing special substances, vitamins and microelements;
• folk remedies, such as infusions and masks, which are based on natural ingredients;
• modern cosmetics, such as masks and special, strengthening shampoos;

If non-surgical methods do not bring the desired result, you need to do a hair transplant.

Preventive measures

Preventive measures to keep your hair healthy are better than cures. This is especially important for males who have genetic predisposition to baldness.

• give up bad habits;
• Healthy food. Zinc, iron, magnesium, selenium, biotin, B vitamins, which are contained in some products, make hair healthy and strong;
• take vitamins that will help strengthen the hairline;
• systematically do physical exercise that improve blood circulation throughout the body;
• use cold and hot shower;
• do a head massage for several minutes a day in the morning and evening;
• it is necessary not to overcool, get enough sleep and have a good rest, avoid stressful situations if possible;
• take proper care of your hair.