Baby skin rashes. Rash on the body of a child, types and photos

Every mother sooner or later asks the question: if a rash appears on the body of a child, what should I do? Sometimes rashes are a reaction to physiological changes in the child's body, not dangerous, but there are also pathological causes of the rash that require immediate action to eliminate them.

Some parents simply leave it unattended, especially if the rash on the child’s body is without fever, and some begin to give various medicines without consulting a doctor. In both the first and second cases, a mistake is made, because for some diseases it is very important to identify the cause of the rash as soon as possible and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

What a rash might look like

A rash does not always appear in a child all over the body, very often it happens in a limited area. It is formed both symmetrically and asymmetrically, acquiring various forms:

• Spots - a limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin of a different color (it happens to be white, red, pink, etc.). As a rule, spots do not protrude above the surface of the skin.
• Bubbles and vesicles are small or large formations with fluid inside.
• Papules - formations above the surface of the skin without a cavity inside. You can feel it well.
• A pustule is a cavity with pus inside.
• A plaque is a formation that has a large area and is raised above the skin.
• Tubercles are formations that do not have a cavity and are well felt on palpation.

The color of the rash can also be different - from pale pink to crimson. A photo of the child is shown below.

Each type of rash can talk about completely different causes, so determining the location of the rash and its appearance is very important for making a diagnosis.

Causes

If a rash appears on the body of a child, the causes of this condition are very diverse, but still they can be divided into main categories:

The symptoms of the rash are quite multifaceted. It depends on what reason contributed to it. Next, we will analyze what pathologies can cause a rash, and what signs they are accompanied by.

non-communicable diseases. acne in newborns

Approximately 20-30% of infants develop the so-called neonatal acne, characterized by the appearance of a rash on the body of a child without fever. The main location is the face and hairy part head, neck. The rash in this case looks like papules and pustules. Occurs due to the fact that maternal hormones affect the work of children sebaceous glands. It does not require special care, with the exception of moisturizing and careful hygiene. It usually resolves on its own within the first 6 months of a baby's life.

Prickly heat

The rash that occurs in warm time year or when heavily wrapped in clothing. The reason is the difficulty in the release of sweat and increased humidity when wrapping. Often occurs in places of diaper rash. With such a rash, there is rarely inflammation, but it causes discomfort, as it can be very itchy. It goes away quickly with proper care.

Atopic dermatitis

This is the disease that a large number of mothers already during the first days of the baby's life. Dermatitis has genetic predisposition and allergic nature. It is characterized by the appearance of red itchy spots and dry skin. Rashes can cover both a small area - with a mild form, and spread to large area body. In some cases, with an extensive presence of a rash in a child, traces of scratching appear all over the body, as unbearable itching occurs. As a result, a secondary infection sometimes joins dermatitis.

Since dermatitis has several stages of development, there are also many options for a rash with this disease. It can be spots, papules, vesicles, plaques, crusts. Sometimes, with untimely treatment, scars and age spots remain on the skin after rashes.

Rash during teething

Sometimes a baby during teething is worried about a rash located in the mouth area. Represents small pimples that appear in connection with increased salivation, and then the friction of this area. Such a rash does not leave behind any consequences and, as a rule, passes on its own. To make the healing process go faster, you can gently wipe the mouth area from saliva and prevent the child from licking dirty hands, as there will be a chance of infection.

Allergic rash in children

If parents notice a rash on the body of a child without fever, it is most likely an allergic reaction. Nowadays, people are surrounded by a huge number of all kinds of allergens. Children are most susceptible to them, therefore, at the first manifestations, it is necessary to identify the cause and get rid of the irritant. An allergic reaction is of the following types:

• Food. When a child eats a product that is an allergen for him. Appears within approximately 24 hours. The rash in this case occurs on the face, abdomen, arms and legs of the child.
• Household. In this case, the allergen can come from laundry detergent, chlorinated pool water, new shampoo, and many other household products.

An allergic rash looks like red spots on the body of a child, but sometimes plaques and scratches appear, since such rashes are very disturbing pruritus. One type of rash in this case is hives - pink or red blisters that itch very badly. When combed, they increase in size and can merge with each other, forming large areas of damage. Symptoms, in addition to the rash, may include irritability, moodiness, runny nose, and cough.

In newborns, the allergen can enter the body with mother's milk. A nursing woman needs to review her diet as soon as possible. And there are also cases when food provokes allergies. future mother during pregnancy. Sometimes there is a rash in a child all over the body. But after getting rid of the allergen, the rashes disappear very quickly. A photo allergic rash on the body of a child is presented above.

Insect bites

After insect bites - a very common occurrence, especially in the summer. Many parents are afraid of red spots, which can be large and show through the skin. But they, as a rule, except for itching, have no third-party symptoms and consequences. But the exceptions are allergic effects on saliva and the poison of some insects. In this case, it is very important to give an antihistamine at the first sign of an allergy. Another dangerous phenomenon with a bite is an infectious type of disease, which is carried by some insects.

Infectious rash in children

The appearance of a rash in a child all over the body very often occurs due to infectious diseases. Some of them are widespread in childhood, because after the child is ill, he develops one hundred percent immunity. Very rarely there are cases of re-infection. If the rash appeared due to an infection, then the symptoms will be fever and a small rash on the body of the child, chills, cough, runny nose, lack of appetite, and general malaise are also added here.

In childhood, the most common diseases accompanied by a rash are the following:

• Chickenpox (chickenpox). This disease is highly contagious and easily transmitted. by airborne droplets. Incubation period lasts 2-3 weeks. General malaise, accompanied by a moderate fever, sometimes a slight pain in the abdomen, occurs 1-2 days before the onset of the rash. Then a small rash appears on the body of the child, which is located randomly, not affecting only the feet and palms. At first it looks like a red spot, which in the shortest possible time turns into a papule, and that, in turn, into a vesicle with an infectious fluid inside. At the site of its breakthrough, a crust forms naturally or mechanically (during combing). Rashes are accompanied by itching, but you can’t comb them, as you can spread the infection even more. Chickenpox is characterized by the fact that during the illness there are several rashes that are completely covered with a crust. Then they disappear completely, leaving small scars that disappear after a while. This happens about the tenth day after the start of the rash. It is not recommended to visit during illness. public places. After recovery, the child develops lifelong immunity to chicken pox. Re-infection occurs only due to reduced immunity and under stress.
• Measles. A highly contagious infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets. Nowadays, measles appears rarely, mainly in the form of short outbreaks in certain regions. hidden form the disease lasts about 2-4 weeks, then within about four days the first signs of the disease begin to appear, which are very easy to confuse with a cold or indigestion: cough, runny nose, liquid stool, fever which can rise up to 40 degrees. After this period, rashes begin, which are cyclical. First on inside white spots appear that look like semolina. These spots are a very important symptom of measles. Then rashes appear on the face and neck, descend to the chest, shoulders, stomach and back, and then a rash appears on the body of the child on the legs and arms. On the fourth day, the primary signs begin to recede, and the rash subsides. At the site of the spots, the skin becomes brown, then begins to peel off and clears up after 7-14 days. During measles, the rash may itch a little, sometimes there are small bruises. Sometimes individual spots can merge into a continuous surface. It is worth noting that some manifestations of measles may occur within 10 days after the introduction of a live measles vaccine.
• Rubella is contagious viral disease transmitted by airborne droplets. The incubation period can last up to three weeks. At the end of this period, there may be a slight increase in temperature, general malaise, pain in the joints, cervical lymph nodes become inflamed. Then a small rash appears on the body of the child. It starts on the forehead and cheeks, spreads all over the body. Rubella favorite places are the areas around the joints, knees, elbows and buttocks. The rash in this disease does not affect the feet and palms of the child. After about four days, the rashes stop, and after a week there is not a trace of them left.
• Roseola is a contagious disease that anyone can experience infant. The first signs will be fever, sore throat and swollen lymph nodes. Then a small rash appears on the child's body, similar to rubella rashes.

• Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by streptococcus. It is transmitted by airborne droplets, there are no vaccinations against this disease. The latent phase lasts about a week. Then there is an increased temperature (up to 38-40 degrees), lymph nodes increase and symptoms of a sore throat appear. At the same time, the tongue is covered with a white coating. When cleared, it becomes a bright crimson color with pronounced papillae. After 1-2 days, a rash begins, which first affects the face, then the neck and everything else. Most of the rashes are in the groin, in the elbows, on the inside of the arms and legs, in the folds. At first, the rash has a bright color, but as the spots decrease, they begin to turn pale. A striking sign of scarlet fever is a pale nasolabial triangle against the background of bright red cheeks. This is due to the fact that the rash does not affect this area, and the skin in this place does not turn red. After 4-7 days, the rashes disappear, but leave peeling behind. Angina has to be treated for some more time.
• Infectious mononucleosis is an infection belonging to the herpes viruses and is not highly contagious. Inflammation is the hallmark of mononucleosis lymph nodes, enlargement of the spleen and liver, body aches, tonsils covered with plaque, fever. A rash with this disease occurs very rarely. If, nevertheless, rashes appear, they look like small pink rash, which does not itch and passes without a trace within a few days.
• Meningococcal infection. This is very dangerous disease which requires immediate therapeutic actions, as delay is fraught with the death of the patient. Meningococcus is a bacterium that lives in the nasopharynx in 5-10% of people and does not disturbing. Because of viral infections or a decrease in immunity, an active phase of bacterial growth may begin, leading to dangerous consequences. Transmitted by air. When it enters the blood, it makes its way to the brain, causing meningitis. In this case, no rash is observed. The main symptoms are fever, drowsiness, vomiting, loose stools, hardness of the occipital muscles, confusion, the child cannot reach his chin to chest. Symptoms develop very quickly. Meningococcus can also cause sepsis. It is very dangerous! The temperature can rise to 41 degrees and be accompanied by indomitable vomiting. Within a few hours, a rash appears, which has an uneven stellate shape and a bright purple or bluish color, itching is not present. Separate rashes can merge into one large dark purple spot. On the feet and palms, this fusion forms "socks" and "gloves". In such cases, the skin in these places may die. Sometimes meningitis and sepsis occur at the same time. Meningococcal infection is deadly! At the first symptoms, you should immediately go to the infectious diseases hospital. With this disease, every second is precious. Before the arrival of the ambulance, you need to lay the child on the floor, raising his legs, if he loses consciousness, lay him on his side, do not let him drink and eat.

• Scabies. This disease is caused by the scabies mite. The rash is localized between the fingers, in inguinal region, on the wrists, legs, buttocks and wherever thin skin. Rashes are accompanied by severe itching that occurs during the passage of a tick under the skin of a child. Scabies is highly contagious.

The difference between an infectious rash and a non-infectious one

Infectious rash necessarily accompanied additional symptoms, while non-infectious proceeds practically without third-party manifestations. So, a rash on the body of a child with a temperature will always talk about the infectious nature of the disease. Rashes without third-party symptoms do not pose a serious danger. A photo (without a temperature, the disease is not so dangerous) is not a very pleasant sight.

Itching without rash

Sometimes parents are alarmed by the situation in which the child itches, but external causes fails to notice. Itching of the body in a child without a rash can be for several reasons, but the final conclusion can only be made after seeing a doctor and passing certain tests:

A rash is not an independent disease, but a symptom. Therefore, first of all, you need to find the cause of the rash. It is not recommended to self-medicate even in situations where parents are sure that they know the reason. In any case, you should consult a doctor. Therapy will depend on the diagnosis and condition of the sick child:

• If an allergic reaction is confirmed, it is necessary to exclude contact with the allergen and take antihistamines.
• With chickenpox, treatment will be aimed at relieving symptoms - antipyretic drugs and antihistamines are prescribed to help relieve itching. Rashes can be cauterized with greenery. Bathing a child is allowed, but only gently pouring water.

• With measles and rubella, treatment is also aimed at relieving symptoms - antipyretic at high temperature, cough and runny nose medicine, plentiful drink.
• Mononucleosis is treated with antihistamines, antipyretics and choleretic agents, vitamins and immunomodulators.
• scarlet fever - bacterial infection, which is treated with antibiotics of the penicillin group. It is also recommended to drink plenty of fluids, bed rest and drugs to relieve symptoms.
• Meningococcal infection is the most dangerous infection bacterial type, in which there is a high risk of death. At the slightest symptom, call immediately ambulance. Treatment is only stationary, it is impossible to relieve symptoms at home. Antibiotics, anticonvulsant therapy, cardiovascular drugs, administration of saline solutions and etc.

Prevention of infectious diseases is vaccination. It is strictly forbidden to rip off the rashes, squeeze them out and comb them.

Dangerous symptoms

There are some symptoms that accompany a rash, and for which you need to call an ambulance without delay:

• The rash covers the entire area of ​​the body.
• There is unbearable itching.
• There is a fever.
• Accompanied by edema, vomiting, loss of consciousness and nausea.
• Most danger sign- if the rash looks like stellate hemorrhages.

Conclusion

In most cases, the rash is not serious. But it is worth remembering serious illnesses that she can accompany. Therefore, if a rash appears on the body of a child with fever and other symptoms, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

A rash on the face of a child, a photo, all types of rashes - this is what will be discussed in this article. After all, it is a serious problem, as it spreads rapidly throughout the body and can turn into an intractable disease. In the future, we will consider how to recognize this in a child and what signs they have.

What does hives look like in a child

This disease is easy to diagnose on its own, most often it affects children under 3 years of age. It often appears in the form small dots. Rash on the face of a child, photo, all types of rash should be considered very carefully. They are distinguished by the presence of a reddish tint, blisters, which increase in size when combed. The cause of the occurrence is the ingress of an allergen into the body, due to which an increased amount of histamine is produced, leading to a thinning of the walls of blood vessels. In this case, the urticaria disappears quite quickly, within two hours, appearing elsewhere almost immediately. Irritants are:

1. Foodstuffs like milk, eggs, chocolate, fruits, etc.
2. Infections from viruses, bacteria.
3. Medications.
4. Impurities by type of pollen, dust, fluff and the rest.
5. Nickel, resin.
6. Dyes.

To make a diagnosis, it is enough to tell the attending physician the time and place of the onset of the initial symptoms.

In order to make sure the diagnosis is correct, the doctor may conduct a study skin tests, examination of the whole body and take a blood test.

Urticaria should be treated immediately, because it can go into severe form, which will be accompanied by labor-intensive treatment and a long onset of the result.

Measles and what it looks like

Newborn babies don't look like pink smiling babies in pictures. Red, wrinkled, they squeak, grunt, something constantly happens to them - hyperemia, a rash, the skin begins to peel off.

Basically, all these phenomena are functional, so the baby adapts to life: endocrine system removes already unnecessary hormones, local immunity is formed, so sometimes worry is unnecessary, but it is necessary to know the types of rashes and their origin in order not to miss a really dangerous signal.

There are several types of rash in children:

• A spot is a non-relief formation on the skin that differs in color - reddened or, conversely, white.
• Papule - nodular rash without cavities, can reach a size of 3 cm.
• A plaque is a thickening protruding above the skin.
• Vesicles and blisters are cavitary formations containing a clear liquid.
• Pustule - a cavity with purulent contents.
• A hemorrhagic rash manifests itself in the form of red spots or dots of various sizes, if the skin at the site of the spot is stretched or pressed against it, the spot will not disappear and will not change color.

Factors that cause a red rash on the body

All rashes on the body of a child can be divided into main groups:

1. Diseases of an infectious nature.

Scarlet fever, measles, chickenpox and others. The disease is usually accompanied by fever, the rash precedes the temperature or appears after the end of the acute period. The disease can be accompanied by cough, runny nose, poor health of the baby.

1. A rash is the body's reaction to an allergen.

With various allergic reactions, the rash is localized in different ways: on the arms and legs, on the back or abdomen. As a rule, itchy, rash appears in the form of spots, small blisters, with urticaria, they can increase and merge into one spot. The rash does not affect the child's well-being, however, the baby's capriciousness due to itching may be observed.

1. Diseases of the blood and blood vessels.

In diseases of the blood or blood vessels, a hemorrhagic rash forms on the body in the form of star-shaped spots, non-relief dots or bruises of different locations and colors. It most often appears on the legs.

1. Incorrect or insufficient hygiene, about which a rash can form.

If hygiene is insufficient or incorrect, the rash is localized in the elbows, under the knees, in the groin - where the natural folds of the child are present.

The main causes of a small rash in newborns

1. Toxic erythema.

Enough frequent occurrence in newborns, it manifests itself as pustules 1-2 mm, with white-yellow contents and a red border. The rash can cover the entire body of the baby, not affecting only the feet and hands, or be localized on the folds of the arms and legs, on the buttocks. The rash does not affect the general condition of the baby in any way, after some time it goes away on its own, however, with a very profuse rash, there may be an increase in temperature and an increase in lymph nodes. The disease does not require specific treatment other than symptomatic.

1. Acne of newborns.

The cause of acne in newborns is the activation of the baby's sebaceous glands. It manifests itself in the form of pustules, mainly on the face, less often on the head and neck.

Just like erythema, it refers to physiological conditions and does not require special treatment. The rash goes away on its own without leaving scars.

1. Prickly heat.

Prickly heat occurs as a response of the child's skin to non-compliance with the temperature regime. If the baby is too warmly dressed, sweat does not have time to completely evaporate, irritation appears. It is usually localized in the places where the arms and legs are bent, on the back, on the back of the head in the form of white or translucent blisters no larger than 1 mm in size. Prickly heat quickly disappears when the cause of overheating is eliminated and proper hygiene is used: there is no need to wrap the child up, clothes should be made from natural fabrics so as not to interfere with sweating, after bathing, do not rush to immediately dress the baby - air baths are very useful for children.

1. Diaper dermatitis.

The name itself speaks of the source of the disease - an untimely change of diapers; even more dangerous, when the diaper is saturated with a mixture of urine and feces of the child, especially caustic substances are formed in this environment that irritate the baby's skin. Scuffs and redness form in the groin area and on the buttocks.

With absence proper hygiene a severe form of dermatitis may develop - blisters, weeping erosions.

Proper care and hygiene will not only eliminate the symptoms of the disease, but also prevent its recurrence.

Disposable diapers - good remedy prevention of diaper dermatitis, because, by absorbing and absorbing urine, they do not allow it to combine with stool. Diapers should be selected strictly according to the weight of the child and changed every 3-5 hours.

Diseases caused by infection, and accompanied by red spots on the arms, legs, back and abdomen

1. Measles.

• It can take up to 4 weeks between exposure to the virus and the first manifestations of the disease.
• The possibility of infection increases in the last five days of the latent period.
• The onset of the disease is characterized by high fever, cough and runny nose, loose stools, weight loss in infants for about four days.
• On the inner surface of the cheeks, small white spots appear, similar to semolina, it is for them that measles is diagnosed. At the peak of these manifestations, the rash, starting from the head, passes to upper part body, arms and legs. Approximately on the 4th day the child is covered with a rash. Against the background of an increase in rashes, the signs of a cold disappear, the child becomes mobile.
• A measles rash leaves spots that first peel off, then disappear completely.
• There is no special treatment for measles, only symptomatic, to alleviate the child's condition - antipyretic drugs, cough and cold remedies, and plenty of fluids.
• After the baby has been ill with measles, he acquires lifelong immunity.
• Measles is a highly contagious disease effective prevention- vaccination.

1. Rubella

1. Scarlet fever.

• A sharp rise in temperature to 39 °, an increase in lymph nodes, the baby becomes lethargic.
• Sore throat develops rapidly, it is difficult for the child to swallow, the tongue is covered with a whitish coating, a bright red inflamed larynx, on about the fourth day the tongue is cleared, also acquiring a red color.
• On the 1-2 day of illness, a rash appears - spot rashes on reddened skin, especially a lot of rash in the groin, armpits and elbows. bright sign scarlet fever - a pale nasolabial triangle surrounded by bright red skin of the cheeks.
• The rash disappears on the third, fourth day, however, the sore throat will have to be treated for a few more days.
• Scarlet fever is treated with drugs of the penicillin group, also prescribed antihistamines, drinking plenty of water, bed rest.
• Scarlet fever forms immunity in a person who has been ill, there are no vaccinations against it, since it is not caused by viruses, but by group A streptococcus.

1. Infectious mononucleosis.

• Mononucleosis can be contracted through contact with a sick person.
• The latent period of the disease lasts from 5 to 15 days, the disease itself is 7-10 days.
• There is an increase in temperature, muscle aches, the child can sweat a lot, all the lymph nodes increase, nasal breathing difficult, but there is no discharge, the tonsils are enlarged, covered with white or yellow coating, the liver and spleen are also enlarged, the urine is dark.
• A small pink rash appears on the arms, back, and abdomen, which does not itch and disappears after a few days. Mononucleosis can be distinguished from SARS by a blood test - the content of mononuclear cells in the blood will be increased.
• Mononucleosis is a viral disease, its treatment is nonspecific - antipyretics and antihistamines are prescribed, choleretic and hepatoprotective drugs are prescribed to restore the liver, and immunomodulators are used to strengthen immunity. Within a year after the disease, the child's condition is constantly monitored.
• Vaccination infectious mononucleosis not carried out.

1. Infectious erythema

1. Sudden exanthema

• Characterized high fever and a rash on the skin, children from 9 months to 1 year are most often ill, infants under 5 months of age are less likely to get sick.
• The latent period is considered to be from 5 to 15 days from the moment of infection.
• The disease begins suddenly, with high temperature, catarrhal phenomena are absent, if they occur, it is rare, the child is weakened, he has no appetite, there is nausea. Sometimes, against the background of high temperature, convulsions occur, but they pass on their own.
• The fever subsides on the 3rd day, at the same time the child develops a rash that quickly spreads from the back and abdomen to the rest of the body (chest, face, legs and arms).
• The rash is pink, dotted or in the form of small spots, does not merge and does not itch, is not contagious.
  During the period of rash, the child's well-being improves, for 2-4 days the rash completely disappears.
• Exanthema is also called a three-day fever for a quick period of development, it mainly occurs during teething, and the high temperature is associated with this, without having time to diagnose the underlying disease.
• Treatment of the disease is also symptomatic - taking antipyretic and antihistamines.
• Sudden exanthema causes persistent immunity, vaccination is not carried out.

1. Chicken pox or chickenpox.

1. Meningococcal sepsis.

• Sepsis begins rapidly - high fever up to 40 °, there is anxiety, vomiting, loose stools, convulsions may occur. The occipital muscles are painful, the child throws his head back, draws his legs.
• Some time after these symptoms, a characteristic rash appears on the skin - stellate, it does not turn pale when pressed - hallmark hemorrhagic rash.
• Hemorrhages in the adrenal glands may occur, appearing on the skin as bluish, cadaver-like spots. If urgent measures are not taken, the child may die on the first day.
• Treatment of sepsis qualifies as an emergency, is carried out:
• antibiotic therapy (penicillin);
• anticonvulsant therapy;
• the introduction of saline solutions;
• cardiovascular agents;
• treatment that relieves other syndromes.
• Treatment is carried out only inpatient.

If there are small children or employees of children's institutions in the family of the sick person, without fail vaccination is being carried out. Vaccination is one of the most effective methods prevention of meningococcal sepsis.

1. Impetigo.

Types of rashes that are not infectious in nature

1. Atopic dermatitis.

A genetic disease is the most common skin lesion, has the character of a chronic disease, is accompanied by periods of exacerbation and remission, usually begins in connection with the transition to formula or after the introduction of complementary foods in the first six months of a child's life.

The rash is localized on the cheeks, frontal zone, may gradually appear under the knees, on the shoulders, the skin of the buttocks is affected - this is the infantile phase, after 18 one month old the disease passes into the childhood phase and is characterized by red spots that can form continuous foci, mainly in the elbow and popliteal folds, on the sides of the cheeks, on the hands.

The spots are very itchy, the child scratches them, so they can be covered with crusts. To adolescence while dieting and correct therapy, dermatitis turns into adult form in about 30% of children, in the rest it disappears completely.

Diet is the main element of treatment, as well as antipruritic and decongestant therapy with antihistamines.

1. Rash with allergies.

Allergy manifestations are diverse: tearfulness, sneezing, rashes. Hives, contact dermatitis- varieties of allergic reactions, in which rashes on the body are characteristic.

In direct contact with the allergen - it can be ointments, creams, some woolen products - allergic contact dermatitis may occur.

The rash looks like blisters filled with fluid, the skin around is swollen and reddened.

Urticaria - a reaction to the ingestion of a product containing an allergen, the rash manifests itself in the form of relief, severely itchy spots that can merge into one, increasing the surface of irritation.

How to treat allergies?

• First of all, identify and eliminate the provoking factor;
• antihistamines will relieve swelling and itching;
• to remove the remnants of the allergen from the body, they take drugs that remove toxins - activated charcoal;
• stains can be lubricated with antihistamine ointments.

Insect bites

At the site of an insect bite, an itchy blister appears, the skin around it is reddened and slightly swollen.

It is necessary to apply cold to the bite site and lubricate it with antihistamine ointment, try to prevent scratching so that the child does not bring an additional infection, watch the baby so as not to miss an acute reaction to the bite - in case of difficulty breathing, fever, call a doctor.

mosquitoes

1. Red blister.
2. It may develop into a papule and not go away for several days.
3. Less redness with swelling.

Wasps, bees

1. Sudden pain, redness, swelling
2. A sting may remain at the site of the bite.
3. Rarely urticaria and Quincke's edema.

Scabies mites

1. Violent nocturnal itching.
2. Pronounced moves, papules
3. Located between the fingers, in the groin, in the elbow and knee folds.

bedbugs

1. The number of bites increases after the night.
2. Itchy papules in the form of a path.

Rash emergencies. First aid

If a rash on the body is accompanied by the following symptoms, you should immediately call a doctor:

• a sharp increase in body temperature;
• with hemorrhagic stellate rash;
• the child has difficulty breathing;
• the rash covers the whole body and causes severe itching;
• begins vomiting, loss of consciousness.

Carry out the following manipulations:

• lay the child on the floor, raising his legs;
• in case of loss of consciousness, lay on its side;
• do not feed or water the child.

Antihistamines approved in pediatrics

What is strictly prohibited when a rash appears in a child?

• squeeze or open blisters, pustules;
• allow the child to comb the blisters;
• before examination by a pediatrician, lubricate the rash with something.

A rash in young children can be caused by a variety of reasons, from a minor irritation to a serious illness. Of course, it is necessary to distinguish between types of rashes, to know the symptoms of diseases, causing a rash, but self-medication, ignoring the examination of a sick child by a pediatrician, is unacceptable.

Rash - reaction child's body for various changes: the appearance of allergies, the consequences of SARS and others inflammatory process and other. Below in the text, the causes of the rash on the body of a child will be spelled out, a photo with explanations.

Rash on the body of a child

A rash on the body of a child may appear for reasons different nature. Most often these are consequences or signs painful conditions baby. It is important to note that a rash just doesn't appear. To find out the reasons, you need a visit to the doctor.

It is for the reasons for the appearance that the types of rash are distinguished. Classification example:

Allergic rash in children photo

An allergic rash in children (pictured) can appear for various reasons: as a reaction to a new product in the child's diet, or if the child has overeaten any product; for flowering plants, shrubs; on various fragrances or aerosols for the home.

The main difference between an allergic rash and a rash in other diseases is general state child's body: temperature appears extremely rarely, the child is mobile, the appetite does not disappear. In general, the baby feels and behaves as usual.

When an allergic rash appears, you should consult a specialist. And also parents need to remember that something new has been introduced in the life of the child: a new product, some kind of medicine or vitamins, and it is also possible that they went somewhere to rest, changed their place of residence. State all the information to the doctor, and then simply act on the basis of the recommendations for the child. In such cases, most often prescribed antihistamines. Mandatory exclusion from the life of the child all possible reasons occurrence of this allergy.

Rash in a child all over the body without fever

There can be many reasons for this rash. For example:

All these diseases in most cases are not accompanied by fever. But rash in 99% is. And parents should not panic. A rash in a child all over the body without fever is just a response of the child's body to the virus inside it.

Also, the cause of the appearance of a rash without accompanying temperature can be "classic":

or :

What is the correct behavior of parents in this case. First of all, no panic; second, immediately call a doctor for examination; thirdly, it is imperative to monitor the condition of the child in the future, transfer everything to a specialist. And lastly, strictly follow all prescribed instructions from your doctor.

The reasons for the appearance of a small rash on the body of a child, which looks like goosebumps (pictured):

The treatment of such a rash is prescribed by a specialist, based on the root cause of the appearance.

Rash with enterovirus infection in children photo

This type of infection is especially dangerous for children. Why? is an infection dirty hands". Namely, children, as you know, drag everything into their mouths, try everything, and in most cases they don’t wash their hands. As a result - . In adults, the onset of this disease is most often only from an infected person through touch.

The rash in children (pictured) is a set of small and medium-sized tubercles, collected in small clusters.

The mucous membranes are the first to be affected, for example, oral cavity. Then the rash spreads to the limbs (palms, hands, heels and ankles), then - throughout the body. Importantly, with this disease, the child may experience vomiting, nausea. And areas of the skin where there is a rash, itch terribly.

Treatment consists of admission antiviral drugs , of course, on the recommendation of a specialist after the examination. Each baby's progression is different. Basically, the disease lasts no more than 5-7 days, then with proper treatment the child recovers and fully recovers.

Rash on child's back

A rash on the back of a child is a common occurrence. The reasons for the appearance may be the following:

In each hotel case, a rash is a sign of painful changes. The rash may have different character and view- small, large, in the form of papules, flattened, purulent or filled with liquid, etc.

Depending on the cause of the appearance, there will be appropriate treatment.

Rash on baby's stomach

The cause of a rash on the abdomen in a child can be, like the most common sweat, an allergic reaction or the appearance of an infectious disease. So is the result of a serious illness in the body of a baby.

In this case, it’s better not to hope that this is just. It is better call a pediatrician at home Based on the results of the examination, the doctor will prescribe treatment. Or will it give general recommendations child care so that the rash no longer bothers the baby.

Call an ambulance medical care needed in the following cases:

• There is a sharp increase in temperature after the appearance of a rash on the child's abdomen.
• The rash takes on the character of abscesses with secretions.
• The baby becomes lethargic, inactive, drowsy.
• The appearance of a rash is not only in the baby, but also in other children or parents.

Do not think that your baby's skin will be as smooth and velvety as in the photo from the postcard. Skin rashes and other irregularities are common in infants, but should be distinguished when a rash is a sign of illness. If in doubt, be sure to show the child to the doctor.

A rash is a pathological element on the skin (or mucous membranes) that differs from normal skin in color, texture, appearance. The rash may consist of blisters, macules, papules, blisters appearing on healthy skin, against the background of redness or in place of old elements. All this is important for making the correct diagnosis.

In most newborns, white dots can be seen on the face, which are called "miles". This is completely normal and goes away in a few days.

Causes of the rash

Baby's skin is an extremely sensitive and delicate organ that reacts to literally everything. Causes skin rashes babies may have:
food allergies, including what mom eats
drug rash
contact dermatitis
diaper dermatitis
atopic dermatitis
prickly heat
hives
neonatal acne
infectious rash

Consider each type of rash.

food allergy

A food allergy is a pink or red rash that looks like a nettle sting. Most often, it appears on the cheeks and chin in the form of scaly patches, but it can also appear on the legs, abdomen, back, and forearms. With a particularly severe allergic poisoning or regular intake of an allergen, the rash takes the form of a scab and begins to get wet.

If the baby is breastfed, the mother's diet may be the cause of the rash. Try to eliminate the following in order allergenic products: red fish, whole milk, veal, citrus fruits, nuts, tomatoes.

Proteins in artificial formulas can also cause skin reaction. Too early or incorrectly started complementary foods also have a dangerous allergic potential, so it is recommended to consult a pediatrician before.

drug rash

Arises as side effect(not) after taking medicines(antibiotics, hormonal preparations and etc.). cause rash and vitamin complexes, tablet shells, fluoride, iron, many herbal preparations. If you associate the appearance of a rash with some kind of medicine, then the first thing to do is stop taking it. If after this the rash does not disappear, you should consult a doctor.

contact dermatitis

It looks like a small rash or chafing of the skin. Most often, it occurs in response to washing powders enriched with fragrances and, especially, rinses. In addition, the materials from which children's clothing is made (especially wool and synthetic fibers) can also provoke a rash.

Diaper dermatitis

With diaper dermatitis, symptoms (redness, vesicles, peeling) appear on the skin exclusively in the diaper area. Its causes are prolonged skin contact with a wet cloth or creases in diapers. This is not an allergy, so there is no need to use antiallergic drugs. Main principle treatment of diaper dermatitis proper care, timely diaper change . Ointments "Bepanten", "Drapolen", "D-panthenol", "Boro-plus" have an excellent healing effect.

If diaper dermatitis is not treated, a bacterial infection can join it. In this case, you must consult a doctor. Antibacterial ointments (for example, Baneocin) can be used for treatment, as well as antifungals by doctor's prescription.

Prickly heat

It can occur in a child of the first year of life at almost any time of the year, it looks like a small pink rash, slightly convex to the touch. More often located in the neck, chest. The reason is prolonged sweating of the skin, especially in heat. Quite often, prickly heat accompanies overheating and insufficient care. Miliaria is not contagious and usually does not cause negative feelings in the child. With normalization of temperature and care, prickly heat passes. To speed up the process, regular baby powder helps a lot.

Hives

It looks like a nettle burn and has many causes. In some children, it may occur under the influence of cold, heat, sun, from strong excitement. Also, a hives-like rash can appear from too tight elastic on clothes or when rubbing the straps (car seats, backpack, etc.).

If the hives persist for a long time, you should consult a doctor. The basis for the treatment of urticaria is the use of antihistamines: Suprastin, Zirtek, Fenistil, etc.). With severe itching, ointments with menthol, anesthesin can help. In severe cases, hormonal ointments are prescribed.

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is allergic disease. The reasons for it can be different: this is an incorrect menu for a nursing mother, and complementary foods introduced at the wrong time, and dysbacteriosis, and a hereditary predisposition, and improper hygiene procedures, and the use of irritating cosmetics. Atopic dermatitis in baby may begin with a slight swelling on the forehead and cheeks. The skin on the arms and buttocks also turns red and peels off, then on the legs. After a while, small bubbles pour out, the baby is worried about itching. In addition, the tonsils and adenoids may increase.

The diagnosis is established only by a doctor. The main thing in treatment atopic dermatitis- Recognize and eliminate the allergen. Antihistamines are used to relieve symptoms. medications. Ointments, decoctions of herbs, as well as biological products and medicinal fermented milk products will help to cope with dermatitis. Artificial babies are prescribed hypoallergenic soy-based nutrition. When breastfeeding, allergens (honey, condensed milk, nuts, carrots, citrus fruits) should be excluded from the mother's diet.

neonatal acne

This type of rash is also known as neonatal acne. Such a rash affects about 20-30% of children in the first weeks and months of life, looks like small imperceptible pimples on the face, neck and scalp. Neonatal acne is not a contagious disease, it is not dangerous and does not require medication or other specific treatment. Pimples do not have a comedone - a clogged pore. They rarely fester and form pronounced foci of inflammation. Most often they look like changes in the relief of the skin (in some cases they can only be detected by touch). Doctors associate their occurrence with the establishment hormonal background a newborn child, as well as with the colonization of the skin by certain types of yeast fungi, which are normally part of the microflora. In most cases, the disease resolves on its own within 1 to 3 months.

Infectious rash

It occurs as a symptom of infectious diseases and differs in appearance depending on the disease. Treatment is prescribed only by a doctor, and it is mainly aimed not at the rash, but at fighting the infection.

- roseola baby (three-day fever). This infectious disease also called "sudden exanthema". It affects only children under the age of 2 years, the causative agents are herpes viruses 6 and 7 types. At the beginning of the disease, the child has a strong and inexplicable temperature rise, which falls exactly on the third day. With a decrease in temperature, the baby suddenly becomes covered with pink-red patchy rash. It passes without a trace in 4-7 days. When the temperature rises, you can use paracetamol, ibuprofen.

- scarlet fever. A small dotted rash of scarlet color occurs on the neck, back and chest, gradually spreading to the whole body. As a rule, the rash is one of the first symptoms of scarlet fever, but in some cases it appears on the second day after infection. When spread infectious rashes person acquires characteristic appearance- the nasolabial triangle remains white and stands out in contrast. The rash disappears quickly with antibiotics.

- chickenpox. Rash on the 1st or 2nd day along with high fever. First, a spot appears that turns into a vesicle, the vesicle bursts and an abscess forms, which heals and a crust forms. The rash affects the entire body at once (250-500 elements). characteristic feature- the presence of a rash on the scalp. Chickenpox lasts 3-5 days, followed by normalization of temperature, the crusts fall off later.

- measles. With measles, the rash does not appear immediately, but on days 3-5 of high body temperature. The rash is very large, bright, papular, profuse. This disease is characterized by a certain sequence: first, protruding flaming papules appear on the face and behind the ears, then on the body and arms, and lastly on the lower body and legs. As a rule, a measles rash is not the first sign of the disease, and its appearance indicates an improvement that has begun - with the end of the spread of the rash, the temperature drops and the patient is on the mend. In addition, the healing of the rash indicates that there is no danger of infection through contact with an ill child.

- rubella. The rash occurs on the 3-4th day of temperature, characterized by an increase in the occipital lymph nodes. The rash is often mild, localized on the face, trunk, limbs, but less clearly than with measles. Remains 3-4 days.

– enterovirus infection"mouth-foot-palm". The rash appears against the background of a mild disease with damage to the oral mucosa. For such an intestinal infection, lesions of the hands and feet are characteristic.