Pink rash in a child. The appearance of a small rash in a child on the body: causes and treatment

Usually a rash on the body of a child causes a lot of anxiety in parents. Really, common symptom various infections causing a lot of discomfort. However timely treatment rashes on the skin allows you to quickly forget about itching and burning.

A rash in a child can appear not only on the whole body, but also affect only one area. The number of acceptable diagnoses is reduced, and recovery is faster

On the head

The rash worries the kids in different areas body.

• Small dots on the back of the head color pink most often they talk about overheating and the development of prickly heat.
• Abundant vesicles and blisters on the back of the head or cheeks indicate an infection with scabies.
• Inflammation in the cheeks, and on the beard, speak of an allergy to food or medicine.
• If a rash in a child has formed on the eyelids, then the child has been selected inappropriate hygiene products. If the rash on the eyelids looks like scales or crusts, dermatitis is likely to develop.

around the neck

On hands and wrists

In the abdomen

A rash on the abdomen in the form of red vesicles occurs in newborns from toxic erythema, which passes on its own. The area of ​​the abdomen, and the area of ​​the hips, most often suffers from pemphigus. The disease begins with slight redness, blisters appear, and begin to burst. Similar symptoms are characteristic of exfoliating dermatitis.

In case of violation bacterial microflora appear in the abdomen erysipelas. Do not forget about the permissible small rash from allergies, prickly heat and infections such as chickenpox or scabies.

On the lower back

On the inner and outer thighs

Rashes on the hips of a child usually appear from poor hygiene. Often the baby just sweats in his diapers, suffers from poor-quality clothes. As a result, sweating appears. Allergic reactions often provoke inflammation on the inside of the thigh.

A rash on the thighs indicates the presence of measles, rubella, chickenpox or scarlet fever. In rare cases, rashes speak of diseases of the circulatory system.

In the groin area

A rash in the groin is the result of infrequent diaper changes or skin contact with dirty diapers. Red diaper rash appears on the skin, bacteria multiply in them. Prickly heat in the groin area in the form pink spots often appears in a baby as a result of overheating in the sun. Sometimes the source of the rash is candidiasis. Finally, the baby can develop an allergy to diapers.

On the buttocks

The rash on the pope has a nature similar to the causes of groin irritation. A rare change of diapers, violation of hygiene rules lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory process. The area of ​​the priests can suffer from allergies to food or diapers, from prickly heat and diathesis.

On the legs, knees and heels and can itch

A small rash on the legs usually appears as a result of dermatitis or allergies. If it itches and resembles mosquito bites, most likely the baby really suffered from insects.

The cause of a rash on the legs can be an infection or trauma to the skin. If your child has itchy heels, the rash is most likely caused by a fungus. An allergic reaction on the heels manifests itself in the form of flaky spots, itching and causing swelling of the foot. On the knee joints, a rash can appear with eczema, lichen and psoriasis.

On all parts of the body

Inflammation of the skin throughout the body often indicates an infection. If the child is covered with a small rash, and it itches, the reason is probably allergic reaction(see: allergic rash) of the body to a strong irritant. If there is no itching from the rash, these causes can be excluded. Most likely there is a problem with the metabolism or the work of internal organs.

When the rash all over the body is also colorless, most likely, the baby is working too actively sebaceous glands. Vitamin deficiency and hormonal disruptions in the child's body can make themselves felt through rashes without color.

The nature of the rash

If you look closely at a baby's rash, you will notice distinctive signs. Color, shape and structure.

Like nettles

A rash resembling nettle spots indicates a special type of allergy - urticaria. Pink blisters on the skin are very itchy and are accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Most often, urticaria is provoked by hot water, stress, strong physical exertion. The rash at the same time resembles small blisters on the chest or neck.

Like a mosquito bite

If the rash resembles a mosquito bite, the baby has an allergy to malnutrition. In newborns, this reaction often indicates violations in the menu of a nursing mother. Mosquito bites - talk about the impact of any blood-sucking insects on the skin, such as ticks or fleas.

In the form of spots

A patchy rash is a very common form of skin inflammation. Most often, the reason lies in the disease of the integument itself or in the presence of an infection. The size of the spots and their color play an important role. Rashes that look like spots appear with lichen, allergies, dermatitis and eczema.

Rough to the touch

A rough rash is most often caused by eczema. At the same time, they suffer back sides palms and face. The cause of rough rashes, resembling sandpaper, sometimes becomes keratosis - one of the forms of allergies. Small pimples at the same time affect the back and side of the arms, but sometimes there is inflammation of the inner side of the thighs.

In the form of bubbles and blisters

A rash in the form of blisters appears on the baby's body as a result of hives (see: hives in children), prickly heat, pemphigus. Among infectious diseases, rashes with vesicles are caused by rubella and chickenpox.

Under skin color

Flesh-colored lesions on the skin are called papules. A rash of this color is indicative of eczema, psoriasis, or contact dermatitis. Sometimes colorless rash caused by hormonal changes in the child's body.

Redness due to infections

Symptoms accompanying the rash often indicate the development serious illness at the baby.

With angina

Often, observing the baby's primary signs of a sore throat (fever and cough), after a certain time, parents notice a rash on his body. Here, probably, the development infectious disease on the background of weakened immunity. Sometimes redness appears due to tonsillitis. Do not forget that the baby in the process of treating angina often has an allergy to antibiotics.

With SARS

The appearance of a rash in combination with the usual symptoms of SARS has similar causes. The child may have intolerance to the components of the drugs or an allergy to folk remedies. Most often, redness occurs after a course of antibiotics for SARS.

From chickenpox

From chicken pox, babies develop spots with itching, almost immediately becoming large blisters. The rash occurs on the palms, face, torso and even in the mouth. The disease is accompanied high temperature and headaches. When the bubbles burst, the baby's skin becomes covered with a crust.

The answer to the question of how long the rashes completely disappear depends on the timeliness of treatment. Usually 3-5 days is enough.

With the development of measles

In the case of measles, the baby usually suffers from fever and large red spots that almost merge with each other. The measles rash appears first on the head, and then passes to the trunk and limbs. The first signs of measles resemble the common cold. This is a strong dry cough, sneezing and tears. Then the temperature rises. How many days does the rash disappear? As a rule, the skin is restored on the third day.

From infection with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever signals itself by the appearance of small dots on the 2nd day of illness. Especially a lot of small rash in the area of ​​the elbow and knee bends, on the palms, in the folds of the skin. The speed of treatment usually does not affect how many days the redness disappears. The rash disappears on its own after 1-2 weeks.

For meningitis

A bright red or purple rash appears on the body of children with meningococcal infection. The disease affects the vessels of the skin, so inflammation on the skin is formed different shapes. With meningitis, there are rashes on the mucous membranes, on the legs and arms, on the sides of the body.

When to Call a Doctor

• The child develops a fever and the temperature rises to 40 degrees.
• The rash appears all over the body and there is unbearable itching.
• Begin headache, vomiting and confusion in the baby.
• The rash looks like stellate hemorrhages.
• There are swelling and difficulty in breathing.

What absolutely cannot be done

• Self-squeeze pustules.
• Rip or burst bubbles.
• Scratch rashes.
• Apply brightly colored preparations to the skin (make it difficult to diagnose).

In general, a rash is a symptom of many diseases. Sometimes it leads to serious problems and sometimes goes away on its own. In any case, it will not be superfluous to consult a doctor.

Prevention

1. Timely vaccinations can protect the child from infections (But remember, vaccinations are not always beneficial, everyone is individual!). Now there are already vaccinations against meningitis and rashes on its soil. Learn more from your doctor.
2. The correct introduction of complementary foods can protect a small child from allergic reactions. It is recommended to teach the child to healthy lifestyle life and proper nutrition. This will not only prevent many diseases and strengthen the immune system, but also reduce the risk of an allergic rash.
3. If you suspect that your baby has caught an infection, immediately limit his contact with a potential source of infection.

Summing up

• An important role in determining the cause of the rash is played by its localization. The areas of the body most in contact with clothing or diapers usually suffer from dermatitis and prickly heat. The baby's face is often covered with a rash from allergies. A rash all over the body indicates the development of an infection or a metabolic disorder in the body.
• Pay attention to the shape of the rash and its color. Small spots indicate allergic reactions, and large spots indicate infections. A colorless rash is not contagious, and a rough one indicates disorders in the child's body.
• Monitor the general condition of the baby, because other symptoms allow you to accurately determine the factor that causes reddening of the skin. However, keep in mind that these diseases, like SARS and tonsillitis, very rarely cause a rash on their own. It is worth observing the daily routine of the child, because the rash often appears after visiting the pool and similar public places.
• If the rash in a child is accompanied by cough, vomiting and high fever, we are talking about an infectious disease. In this case, the whole body is covered with spots and itches. With proper treatment, rashes in children disappear after 3-5 days. Sometimes a rash and vomiting are signs of dysbacteriosis.

1. If the rash has become a cause of concern for a newborn baby, the range of its causes is small. Often, pimples without pus appear on the neck and face of children 2 weeks after birth, disappearing by themselves. In children under one year old, a small rash is most often caused by prickly heat due to wearing diapers or tight clothing. Red and pink rashes small child associated with allergies to new foods.
2. When the rash appears after the sun, they talk about the presence of photodermatosis in the baby. solar allergy accompanied by itching, redness of the skin and abscesses. On the extremities, on the face and chest, the rash is usually rough. Crusts, scales, bubbles are formed.
3. Allergic reactions in a child's body can manifest themselves in a variety of irritants. Often, after visiting the pool, a rash appears on the body of the kids due to the abundance of chlorine in the water. It has already been said that rashes can also form after a course of antibiotics for angina. If we are talking about the treatment of serious diseases such as leukemia, allergies appear after a month.
4. A small bright rash in children under the third year of life can appear when new teeth erupt. Here, the rash is accompanied by a slight temperature and a weakening of the immune system due to the appearance of teeth. Most often, a rash from teething is localized on the neck.
5. If the rash in babies does not differ in constancy (appears and disappears), most likely, there is contact with an irritant that causes allergies or dermatitis, is carried out periodically. In addition, the rash disappears and reappears with the development of infectious diseases (measles and scarlet fever), urticaria.
6. To prevent a severe rash in a child, do not try to introduce new foods into his diet too quickly. If the baby shows signs of allergies after the pool, choose another institution where the water is not treated with chlorine.

Rash! With or without temperature, small and large, itchy and not so much, "bubbles"; or "plaques" - it always scares parents in the same way, because sometimes it is not easy to find the cause of "rashes". Suddenly covered with red spots, the child himself resembles a revived monster, and turns the life of his parents into a horror movie. There is no need to be afraid, you need to be treated!

Chickenpox, or chicken pox

Pathogen: varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

Transmission method: airborne. It is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person when talking, coughing, sneezing.

Chickenpox Immunity: life. It is produced either as a result of a disease or after vaccination. In children whose mothers had chickenpox or were vaccinated against it, immunity to chickenpox is transmitted from the mother in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: from 10 to 23 days.

infectious period: the entire period of the rash +5 days after the last rash.

Manifestations: red dots appear at the same time as the temperature rises. However, sometimes the temperature may remain normal or rise slightly. The spots very quickly turn into single vesicles filled with a clear yellowish liquid. Soon they dry up and become covered with crusts. Distinctive feature chickenpox - a rash on the head under the hair and on the mucous membranes (in the mouth on the eyelid, etc.). This rash is often itchy.

Treatment: chicken pox goes away on its own, so treatment can only be symptomatic: bring down the temperature, treat the itchy rash with brilliant green (so that by combing the vesicles, the child does not bring an additional infection there), give an antihistamine to make it less itchy. You can swim with chickenpox! But at the same time, you should not rub the affected areas - instead, you need to gently blot them with a towel.

Important: it is also necessary to use brilliant green or other dyes (fukortsin, etc.) in order not to miss the next rashes - after all, only old spots will be smeared. It is also easier to track the appearance of the last focus of the rash.

Herpes simplex

Pathogen: simple virus. There are two types: virus herpes simplex Type I causes rashes in the mouth, type II - in the genital area and anus.

Transmission method: airborne and contact (kisses, common household items, etc.).

Immunity: is not produced, the disease proceeds with periodic exacerbations against the background of stress or other infections (SARS, etc.).

Incubation period: 4-6 days.

infectious period: rash all the time.

Manifestations: a few days before the rash appears, itching and soreness of the skin may occur. Then a group of closely spaced bubbles will appear in this place. The temperature rises very rarely.

Treatment: special antiviral ointments, for example with acyclovir, etc.

Important: use the ointment immediately after the onset of itching and soreness, even before the appearance of bubbles. In this case, rashes may not occur at all.

Syndrome "hand-foot-mouth"

(from the English name Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease, HFMD), or enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthema.

Pathogen: enteroviruses.

Transmission method: fecal-oral and airborne. The virus is transmitted from person to person through communication, conversation, use general subjects household items (dishes, toys, bedding, etc.).

Immunity:

Incubation period: from 2 days to 3 weeks, on average - about 7 days. Infectious period: from the onset of the disease.

Manifestations: first, the temperature rises and stomatitis begins: rashes on the oral mucosa, pain when eating, profuse salivation. The temperature lasts 3-5 days, diarrhea is often noted against its background, in some cases a runny nose and cough appear. On the second or third day of illness, a rash appears in the form of single vesicles or small spots. The name of the disease comes from the location of the rash: it is located on the hands, feet and around the mouth. The rash lasts 3-7 days, after which it disappears without a trace.

Treatment: specific treatment no, symptomatic remedies are used to reduce fever and relieve pain in stomatitis. The disease goes away on its own, complications are possible only in case of attachment of a bacterial or fungal infection in the oral cavity.

It is not easy to make a diagnosis of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis, because the rash does not appear immediately and very often it is regarded as a manifestation of an allergy.

Important: despite the active use of various painkillers in the treatment of stomatitis, it can be very painful for a child to eat for the first few days. In such cases, it is good to use the most liquid food (milk, sour-milk products, milkshakes, baby food for babies, soups, etc.) and give it through a straw. Be sure to monitor the temperature of the food: it should not be cold or too hot - just warm.

Roseola

(sudden exanthema, sixth disease)

Pathogen: Another representative of the glorious family of herpesviruses is the herpesvirus type 6.

Transmission method: airborne. The infection is spread by talking, communicating, sneezing, etc.

Immunity: after past illness- for life. Children under 4 months of age have immunity received in utero from the mother. Incubation period: 3-7 days.

infectious period: throughout the illness.

Manifestations: a sudden rise in temperature and after 3-5 days its spontaneous decrease. Simultaneously with the normalization of temperature, a pink, small- and medium-spotted rash appears. It is located mainly on the trunk and, as a rule, does not cause itching. It goes away on its own after 5 days.

Treatment: only symptomatic therapy — plentiful drink, temperature decrease, etc.

The herpes virus is exacerbated by stress or infections, such as SARS.

The disease goes away on its own, there are practically no complications.

Roseola is often called pseudorubella, because. skin manifestations these diseases are very similar. hallmark roseola is the appearance of rashes after a drop in temperature.

Important: as in the case of enterovirus stomatitis, a rash that does not appear on the first day of illness is often regarded as allergic. Sometimes they are really difficult to distinguish, but allergic rash, as a rule, it itches quite strongly, with roseola itching should not be.

Rubella

Pathogen: rubella virus

Transmission method: airborne. The virus is transmitted by communication, coughing, talking.

Immunity: life. It is produced either or after vaccination. Children whose mothers had rubella or were vaccinated against it, immunity to rubella is transmitted in utero and lasts the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: from 11 to 24 days.

infectious period: from the 7th day from infection to the complete disappearance of the rash + 4 more days.

Manifestations: the temperature rises. A small, pale pink, non-itchy rash appears on the face, limbs, torso, and at the same time, the posterior cervical lymph nodes increase. The temperature lasts no more than 2-3 days, and the rash disappears on the 2-7th day from the onset.

Treatment: only symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of water, if necessary, lowering the temperature, etc. Children tolerate the disease easily, but adults often have complications. Rubella is especially dangerous in the first trimester of pregnancy: the virus crosses the placenta and causes congenital rubella in the child, as a result of which the newborn may have deafness, cataracts, or. Therefore, everyone, especially girls, is strongly advised to take a course of vaccination against this disease.

Measles

Pathogen: measles virus (Polinosa morbillarum)

Transmission method: airborne. The extremely contagious and highly volatile measles virus can not only be transmitted through direct contact with a sick person, but also, for example, spread through ventilation pipes, infecting people in neighboring apartments.

Immunity: life. It is produced either after illness or after vaccination. Children whose mothers had measles or were vaccinated against measles, immunity to measles is transmitted in utero and lasts the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: 9-21 days.

infectious period: From the last two days of the incubation period to the 5th day of the rash /

Manifestations: fever, cough, hoarseness,. On the 3-5th day of illness, bright, large, sometimes merging spots appear on the face, while the temperature persists. On the 2nd day, the rash appears on the trunk, on the 3rd day - on the limbs. Approximately on the fourth day from the moment of occurrence, the rashes begin to fade in the same order as they appeared.

Treatment: symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of water, darkened room (because conjunctivitis is accompanied by photophobia), antipyretics. Children under 6 years of age are given antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection. Thanks to vaccination, measles is now quite a rare disease.

Infectious erytherma, or the fifth disease

Pathogen: parvovirus B19

Transmission method: airborne. Most often, the infection occurs in children in organized children's groups - nurseries, kindergartens and schools.

Immunity: after the disease - life.

Incubation period: 6-14 days.

infectious period: incubation period + the entire period of the disease.

Manifestations: it all starts like a normal SARS. Within 7-10 days, the child feels some discomfort (sore throat, slight runny nose, headache), but as soon as he “gets better”, against the background of complete health, without any increase in temperature, a red, merging rash appears on the cheeks, most of all resembling slap mark. At the same time or after a few days, rashes appear on the trunk and limbs, which form "garlands" on the skin, but do not itch. The red color of the rash quickly changes to bluish-red. Over the next two to three weeks, low temperature, and the rash appears and disappears, depending on physical activity, air temperature, contact with water, etc.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment, only symptomatic therapy. The disease resolves on its own, complications are extremely rare.

Scarlet fever

Pathogen: group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.

Transmission method: airborne. The pathogen is transmitted by talking, coughing, using common household items (dishes, toys, etc.).

Immunity: after the disease - life.

Incubation period: 1-7 days.

contagious period: the first few days of illness.

Manifestations: the disease begins in the same way as the usual sore throat (sore throat, fever). Rashes characteristic of scarlet fever appear on the 1-3rd day from the onset of the disease. The rash is small, bright pink, located mainly on the cheeks, in the groin and on the sides of the body, and disappears after 3-7 days. The nasolabial triangle remains pale and free of rash - this hallmark scarlet fever. After the disappearance of the rash on the palms and feet, the skin begins to actively peel off.

Treatment: Broad-spectrum antibiotics only. It is very important to start treatment as early as possible, because. can provoke the development of such autoimmune diseases as rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, autoimmune brain damage.

Sometimes the disease proceeds in an erased form, without a pronounced increase in temperature, inflammation in the throat and rash. In such cases, parents notice only the sudden onset of peeling on the palms. If this happens, you should definitely consult a doctor.

Important: since scarlet fever can provoke the development of serious autoimmune diseases, for early diagnosis possible complications Doctors recommend doing blood and urine tests. For the first time they are taken during an illness, and then repeated two weeks after recovery. At the same time, it is recommended to do an electrocardiogram.

Likbez
The incubation period is the period when infection has already occurred, but the disease has not yet developed.
The contagious period is the time when a sick person can infect others.
It is customary to distinguish six "primary" diseases with a rash: the first disease is measles, the second disease is scarlet fever, the third disease is rubella, the fourth disease is Infectious mononucleosis the fifth disease infectious erythema, the sixth disease is children's 24.04.2010 14:45:00, irra

Even if the baby feels well, a rash on the child's body should always be a cause for concern. The main condition is not to try any homemade ointments and not give the child medicine until the doctor examines him. A rash can be a symptom of a number of diseases, and only a specialist will determine what is happening.

So, first of all, we will determine what cannot be done:

• give a child medicines at your discretion;
• allow combing the rash;
• squeeze out "pimples" (pustules) or open blisters;
• smear rashes with colored preparations - iodine, brilliant green, etc.: they make it difficult to diagnose.

Rash of various origins

Sometimes pink rash in a child on the body occurs 10-20 hours after the temperature (which lasted up to 3 days). What could it be?

• Allergic reaction. In this case, the culprit is antipyretics. In this case, the blood test is normal.
• Pseudo-rubella. She is roseola, three-day fever, sudden exanthema, the "sixth" disease. "Sixth" - as the herpes virus of the 6th type acts. The rash does not change and disappears on its own in 3-6 days, then immunity is formed.

In these cases, it is best to consult a doctor.

As a rule, rashes on the skin of babies are mainly caused by allergies, mild forms of infectious diseases, and poor hygiene.

There is a rash, no temperature: possible diseases

Among the problems in which a rash appears in children without fever, the following can be distinguished.

• Scabies. Rashes - not continuous, but in groups - spread over the abdomen, back, hands (including between the fingers) and wrists, appear on the buttocks, internal parts legs. Itching usually starts at night.
• Hives. Rapidly emerging pink bumps all over the body, including mucous membranes. Duration - from several hours to three days. This is the body's response to drugs (especially antibiotics), hypothermia, allergen foods.
• Pyoderma. The general condition is normal. Redness soon forms purulent vesicles. Bursting, they turn into a grayish crust, which, after falling off, does not leave scars. Pyoderma requires mandatory treatment to avoid extensive suppuration and the development of severe conditions.
• Eczema. You can see the child has a rash on the face and neck, on the wrists, elbows and knees. Inflammation, puffiness joins, growth of weeping cracks is possible. Eczema often spreads to the eyelids, hands, feet. The child is nervous, often cries.

If the wounds are purulent, bleeding, and the rashes are multiplying, consult a doctor immediately.

Prickly heat

If the baby has sensitive skin, even sweat causes a short-term appearance of a rash - they call it: prickly heat. Pale red rash, sometimes with vesicles, accompanied by itching. They are located in the groin, under the knees, on the buttocks, on the shoulders and neck - that is, in places highest concentration sweat glands.

If you reduce sweating, respectively, the rash and itching will disappear. What do we have to do:

• bathe the child twice a day warm water(no more than 34°С);
• keep the room cool;
• dress the baby in spacious and light clothes, preferably from natural fabrics;
• let the skin breathe (air baths).

Allergic reaction

An allergic rash in children appears due to immature immunity. Often it is accompanied by lacrimation and runny nose. Allergies can be of two types.

• Food. It appears on the limbs or on the stomach a day after using the “wrong” product.
• Contact. After contact with an aggressive environment or material (chlorinated water, detergents, inappropriate clothing, metal - usually nickel).

The characteristic pale pink small rash on the abdomen of a child quickly disappears after the elimination of the allergen. It is important to note what the reaction appeared to be, how strong its manifestations are and in what areas, how long it lasts. It is better to introduce new products gradually, one by one - then you can accurately determine what exactly caused the allergy.

With a food allergic reaction, abdominal pain and indigestion can occur. But if a child has a rash and fever, lethargy, vomiting and other warning signs join them - most likely, this is an infectious disease.

What if it's an infection?

A rash in children can indeed be caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Many childhood infectious diseases occur with a rash, to which other striking symptoms are added. Here are some of these diseases. This chart can help you figure out what's going on before you even see your doctor.

Table - The nature of the rash and possible diseases

Type of rash	How does it appear	Rash marks	Associated symptoms	Disease
Large, bright, spots, in the form of tubercles	Rash behind the ears in a child, near the hairline. Within 3 days, it descends all over the body to the feet. The spots "merge" with each other in some places	Small brown bruises, peeling	Dry "barking" cough; runny nose; heat; Red eyes; photophobia; slight itching	Measles
Small, in the form of pale pink spots	First on the face, and on the whole body - after 1-2 days	Not	slight temperature; joint pain; enlargement of the occipital lymph nodes	Rubella
Bright, small dots	Simultaneously on the face and body (the nasolabial triangle remains intact on the face), in the skin folds - the most intense	Peeling	Heat; acute sore throat; enlarged lymph nodes; bright language; shiny eyes	Scarlet fever
Bubbles on the body of a child that are filled with a clear liquid, crusts	In the hair, then on the face, spreads through the body	Not (but if combed, scars may remain)	Temperature (up to 38°С); rarely - abdominal pain; headache	Chickenpox (chickenpox)
From small bruises to extensive hemorrhages	Rash on trunk and legs	May remain ulcers, scars	Sharply serious condition; fever; headache; vomit; confused mind	Meningococcal sepsis (meningitis)

These are all childhood infections with rashes.

There are more fungal diseases that affect the skin, and they also cause rashes. Here are the most common skin problems in children.

• Epidermophytosis. The disease occurs due to heavy sweating legs. Characteristic features: swelling and redness between the fingers, severe itching. A rash occurs in a child on the legs, the bubbles form erosions that spread to the feet.
• Rubrophytia. The disease is also caused by the activity of the fungus. A small red rash in a child on the arms and legs is characteristic, sometimes bubbles appear that turn into erosion. The skin is flaky. A very bright sign is a grayish-brown color of the nails, under the nails there is keratosis (keratinization).

In what cases you need to urgently call a doctor

Be careful and call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms.

• Fever joins, especially sudden (temperature over 40 ° C).
• The rash on the body of a child itches unbearably and spreads to the whole body.
• There is vomiting, headache.
• Confusion of consciousness and speech.
• Hemorrhages with uneven edges, in the form of stars (like varicose veins), without itching.
• Edema appears, breathing is difficult.

Before the doctor arrives, you can’t feed the baby, but drinking plenty of water is allowed, and if the temperature has risen above 38.5 ° C, give an antipyretic. It is good if the room is humid and cool. But the child needs to be dressed appropriately, preferably in something spacious, or covered with a soft blanket.

As you can see, skin rashes in children do not always pose a serious danger. But it is important to know the threatening symptoms and immediately seek professional help if they occur in order to avoid complications (and in the case of meningitis, a threat to a child's life!). Only after a diagnostic examination, taking tests, an experienced doctor will be able to prescribe adequate treatment. If necessary, he will involve other specialists in the research.

You need to call a pediatrician at home so that when going to the clinic the baby’s condition does not worsen (and in case of infection, so as not to infect others). Isolate the child from pregnant women until it is known for sure that he does not have rubella. And finally, do not refuse vaccination and follow the vaccination schedule. They, along with strengthening the immune system, will protect your child from many problems.

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The appearance of a rash on the body is a frequent reaction of the body to an allergen, taking certain medications, insect bites and other negative factors. However, these manifestations can also be serious illnesses, That's why this symptom must be kept under control. It is especially important to detect and recognize a rash on a child’s body in time, because children's body more susceptible to infections due to the imperfection of the immune system. Most frequent pathologies, which are manifested by a skin rash, are discussed in our information.

AT separate category diseases skin rashes are not included. This is rather a symptom than a consequence of any disease. Distinguish between primary and secondary rash, as well as the nature of the formations. It is very important to pay attention to other signs of the onset of the disease, because the correct diagnosis and treatment depends on this.

Often rashes in children on the skin are accompanied by fever, lethargy, nausea and itching. By the way, itching is a normal reaction of the body to a skin rash or the release of histamine during an allergic reaction. There is also psychogenic itching, when, under the influence of stress and general overwork, a person can feel severe itching without visible rashes on the body.

There are the following types of rash according to external manifestations:

• Spots that appear on the skin in areas of a different color. They can be red, pink, white and even colorless, with changes in skin structure.
• Bubbles are convex formations of a round or oval shape with an internal cavity. Most often it is filled with plasma or colorless serous fluid.
• Pustules, which are otherwise called abscesses. They are represented by wounds with purulent contents.
• Papules are characterized by nodules on the surface of the skin, do not contain internal voids and liquid contents.
• Vesicles are small blisters with serous fluid inside.
• Tubercles outwardly look like convex formations on the skin, without an internal cavity. Most often they are painted in red or cyanotic color.

Any manifestations on the skin of a child require medical supervision. Many life-threatening infectious diseases are manifested by a characteristic rash, so you can not self-medicate.

By the way, traditional "grandmother's" methods, for example, bathing in herbs or covering up rashes with brilliant green in such cases are extremely dangerous! Depending on the nature of the rash, contact with water may worsen the condition of the child, and if allergic medicinal herbs are excluded altogether. In addition, no rash should be covered with coloring preparations until a final diagnosis is made. This not only makes examination difficult, but also creates the risk of "missing" a life-threatening disease.

The main types of rash in children, illustrative photos with explanations, as well as the causes that affect the appearance of such a symptom as skin rashes, are discussed later in the article.

Infectious diseases accompanied by a rash

The cause of the rash in this case is a virus. The most common are measles, chickenpox, rubella, mononucleosis. bacterial infection scarlet fever is considered, in which treatment with antibacterial drugs is mandatory. In order to correctly distinguish between these diseases, attention should be paid to concomitant symptoms: fever, itching, coughing or soreness.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a relatively harmless disease, most often manifested in childhood. The nature of the rash is very specific, may differ in different patients. Basically, these are small bubbles that cover the entire body, except for the hands and feet. Rashes appear very quickly, last for several days, after which the bubbles burst and crusts form on the surface. The rash with chickenpox is accompanied by severe itching, the temperature may rise. When combing, there is a high probability of scarring, so you should definitely keep an eye on the child.

Scarlet fever

Previously, scarlet fever was considered a deadly disease, but with the invention of antibiotics, the situation has changed radically. The main thing is to pay attention to the nature of the rash in time and prescribe appropriate antibiotic therapy. The onset of the disease is accompanied by fever (sometimes up to 39 degrees and above), sore throat, weakness and apathy.

A day or two later, a small-dotted red rash appears, first in places of natural folds: armpits, groin, under the knees and elbows. The rash quickly spreads to the entire body and face with the exception of the nasolabial triangle. Itching is not felt, after the appointment of antibiotics, the rash gradually disappears, leaving no scars and noticeable marks on the skin.

Measles

Refers to more dangerous diseases, especially in adulthood. Starts like common cold, with fever, sore throat. Almost immediately, a red rash appears on the face, which quickly spreads throughout the body. On the sixth day of the disease, the skin begins to turn pale and peel off.

Rubella

The first symptoms of the disease are fever, cough, pain when swallowing. Then it starts to itch behind the ears, where the rash appears. Subsequently, it spreads over the face and body, after three to four days it disappears.

Herpes

It manifests itself as characteristic bubbles with a clear liquid inside on the lips, near the nose and on other parts of the body. The bubbles gradually become cloudy, burst, a crust appears, which disappears without a trace.

Infectious erythema

It appears as a small red or pink rash. Gradually, the rashes grow and merge into one spot. It goes away in about 10-12 days.

Scabies

Mononucleosis

An infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It is manifested by symptoms of a cold, with an increase in lymph nodes, spleen and liver. The third day of the disease is manifested by sore throat, rashes appear a little later. The rash in mononucleosis looks like small pimples and pustules may not appear at all. The rash passes on its own with the treatment of the underlying disease. There are no marks left on the skin.

Meningitis

Dangerous infectious disease. It is manifested by the appearance of numerous subcutaneous "asterisks" due to vascular hemorrhages. Additional symptoms- fever, drowsiness and photophobia. If such a rash appears, you should immediately contact the hospital of the infectious diseases hospital. Delay threaten death, which in most cases occurs within a day.

Many of listed diseases are considered typically “childish”, because it is believed that an adult cannot get sick with them. In fact, everything is quite the opposite, in adulthood they are much more difficult to tolerate, and all sorts of complications are not uncommon.

That is why "windmill" parties are held in the USA and Europe so that children develop immunity to such viruses. Mandatory vaccinations for measles, rubella and others dangerous diseases, help to develop antibodies to strains of these viruses, so even if the child gets sick, the course of the disease will be less dangerous, and the risk of complications is minimal.

Allergic rash in children

Dermatitis, which occurs as a result of an allergic reaction of the body, may differ in the nature of the rash. Most often these are spots or small red pimples. different localization. An allergic reaction can occur to any product household chemicals, dust, animal hair, plant pollen and many other irritating substances. If you suspect an allergic nature of the rash, you should not ignore such a symptom, but consult a doctor. He will accurately determine what it can be, and also exclude the possibility of an infectious nature of the rash.

Causes of a rash in newborns

In children under one year old, the immune system is only developing, so frequent rashes are considered almost the norm. However, the infectious nature of the rash should not be ruled out, so a visit to the pediatrician is mandatory.

Most often, the following types of rash appear:

• acne in newborns. It appears as pustules and papules, usually on the face, neck, and upper chest. Passes without medical intervention, only with observance high level hygiene. The cause of the occurrence is considered to be a hormonal release that remains in the body of the child after childbirth.

• Prickly heat. Often appears in warm time year, as well as in violation of heat transfer, excessive wrapping and rare bathing of the child. It looks like a small red rash, may form vesicles with transparent contents and pustules. Usually appears in the folds of the skin, on the back or face of the child.

• Atopic dermatitis. Numerous red papules with liquid inside form solid spots on the face and in the folds of the skin. The onset of the disease is similar in symptoms to SARS, in the future the skin is very flaky. Usually children up to a year suffer this disease without consequences. When diagnosed at an older age, there is a risk of the disease moving into a chronic stage.

• Hives. It is a skin reaction of the body to an allergen. It can appear anywhere, the types of rashes are diverse. It is accompanied by severe itching and causes discomfort to the child.

Types of rash in children are diverse. It is a common symptom of many diseases, some of which are deadly. If the parents found a rash on the hands, a rash on the legs, face or any other place in the child, it is imperative to visit a doctor in the direction in order to make an accurate diagnosis and carry out appropriate treatment.

Rashes in children differ in localization, color and shape. A sudden rash on a child's body may be a sign infectious disease. Possibly caused by dermatitis allergic origin. Localization of the rash depends on the place of contact with the irritating substance, the body's reaction to the infection and the actions physical factors(solar radiation, temperature).

The rash in different children in the case of the same diagnosis is significantly different. The appearance of outwardly similar elements is often due to completely different reasons. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the whole complex of signs: the location of the rash, shape, color, and the presence of other symptoms.

Causes of rash in childhood:

• Viral infections that cause measles, rubella, chicken pox, herpes zoster, herpes simplex, sudden exanthema.
• Fungal infection - ringworm, trichophytosis, microsporia, candidiasis.
• Bacterial infections - scarlet fever, impetigo, erysipelas.
• Allergic reactions to food, drugs, pollen.
• Autoimmune diseases such as eczema and psoriasis.
• Diseases of the internal organs.
• Atopic dermatitis.
• Seborrheic dermatitis.
• Vitamin deficiency.
• Pink deprive.
• Toxoplasmosis.
• Toxidermia.

High fever, cough, vomiting, severe red or pink rash all over the body are symptoms of many infectious diseases.

Rash on different parts of the body in children - an overview

Redness on the face is observed in babies with tonsillitis, SARS. During treatment, a rash may occur due to an allergy to antipyretic or antibacterial drugs.

1. Redness, nodules and crusts on the cheeks and chin, on the eyelids - an allergic reaction to medicines or food.
2. Red dots, specks, vesicles, first on the face, then all over the body - infectious diseases.
3. Small and large spots, blisters, vesicles on the face, on the arm or on the pope - a reaction to the vaccine.
4. Red spots, papules on the arms below the elbow and on the legs below the knees - allergic dermatitis.
5. Bright dots and "stars" of red color are the consequences of influenza, SARS, occurring with a high temperature.
6. Papules and vesicles in the region of the armpits, on the chest - herpes zoster.
7. Nodular rashes and blisters between the fingers on the hands, on the wrist, in the navel - scabies.
8. Redness between the toes or hands, peeling on the feet and palms - skin fungus.
9. Multiple small rashes on the back of the baby's head, around the neck and in the folds of the body - miliaria.
10. Red vesicles on the baby's body - toxic erythema, pemphigus of newborns.
11. Dry rash on the forearms and thighs - follicular hyperkeratosis (" goose-flesh»).
12. red spots, bad smell in the folds of the body - diaper rash, ringworm, candidiasis.
13. Plaques, peeling in the area of ​​the elbow and knee folds - eczema, psoriasis.
14. Elongated blisters on the arms, back, legs - mechanical urticaria.
15. Large red spots, blisters, crusts on the face and limbs - eczema.
16. Small spots, papules on the legs and arms - insect bites, dermatitis.

Ring-shaped spots surrounded by a roller of vesicles and scales, with pink skin in the center appear when infected with a fungal infection. Varieties of the disease - trichophytosis, microsporia. In the people, such lesions are usually called "ringworm". The rash is localized on the head, arms and legs. Spots pink lichen usually located on the sides of the body.

How to find out the probable cause of the disease by the type and color of the rash?

The areas of the baby's body that experience overheating are rubbed with a diaper and clothes, turn red, and become covered with a rash - prickly heat. Dots, spots and bumps appear more often on the hands as a result of an allergic reaction. A typical localization of rashes in eczema, seborrheic dermatitis is the face.

Spots and bubbles are formed as a result of infection with viruses. The causative agent goes through an incubation period in the body, so rashes form and then disappear after a certain period of time, characteristic of infectious agent. A small rash on the body of a child with tonsillitis, influenza, SARS is secondary, rarely appears.

A white rash on the body of a child is formed as a result of hormonal changes, hypovitaminosis, excessive activity of the sebaceous glands. Pimples, "goosebumps" - the result of the accumulation of keratin in hair follicles on the body. Hyperkeratosis is associated with features skin and metabolic disorders in the body.

The spectrum of possible causes of rashes in newborns is relatively small. A small, colorless rash in the form of nodules appears on the face of children in the first month after birth as a reaction to maternal hormones remaining in the body. Neonatal acne does not need treatment, it goes away on its own in a few days or weeks.

"Prickly heat" is called a red punctate rash on the body of a child in the first year of life in places of folds, friction with a diaper, underwear. Rashes during teething are accompanied by fever, anxiety, loss of appetite. The rash in such cases usually appears on the neck, is painted in bright colors.

Allergic dermatoses are characterized by the appearance of red spots, pink nodules and blisters. The skin itches, the child does not sleep well, loses appetite. Bright rashes in children under one year old are associated with improper introduction of complementary foods, the body's reaction to allergens in new foods.

Irritants can be a variety of substances, physical and climatic factors. Cases of the appearance of allergic rashes in babies who were treated with antibiotics have become more frequent. The skin of children visiting swimming pools reacts to increased concentrations of antiseptics in the water.

Rash in the form of spots

Roseola and small spots all over the body are formed in scarlet fever. This disease bacterial nature occurs against the background of fever, deterioration general condition. In recent decades, the number of cases has dropped dramatically due to preventive measures.

The formation of a small and large-spotted rash is characteristic of allergic dermatitis, eczema, ringworm and other types of lichen, photodermatitis. Children's skin is much more sensitive to high doses. ultraviolet radiation. After excessive exposure to the sun at sea, the baby develops erythema, small blisters appear on unprotected areas of the body.

It is necessary to gradually accustom the child's body to ultraviolet radiation, to sunbathe before and after noon.

Photodermatitis - hypersensitivity to UV - radiation. A kind of allergy manifests itself a few hours after exposure to the sun. Typical localization of the rash is the shoulders, forearms, back of the neck, arms and face.

Papular rashes

A colorless rash on the face and hands is characteristic of neurodermatitis, contact dermatitis. On the elbows and knees of a patient with psoriasis, the papules merge with each other and form plaques. Rashes with neurodermatitis, eczema, psoriasis occur due to genetic predisposition to such a reaction of the body to stimuli. The affected skin becomes dry, reddened, and itchy.

Causes of neurodermatitis in children:

• reduced body resistance to infectious agents;
• toxins, including those secreted by worms;
• diseases of internal organs;
• metabolic disorders;
• the presence of foci of infection;
• medicinal substances;
• improper nutrition.

Violations are connected at the level nervous system. With a diffuse form of neurodermatitis, a rash appears on the hands, on the face. The disease is accompanied by increased fatigue, apathy. First of all, it is necessary to identify irritant and protect the child from contact with him.

Parents who know how to treat allergies can apply their experience in the case of dermatitis in a child. Inflict hormonal ointments("Lokoid", "Gyoksizon", "Sinaflan"). Combined drugs corticosteroid + antibiotic is used in case of infection of the affected area. The skin is healed with Bepanten ointment, Dexpanthenol cream. To soften and disinfect, baths are made with sea salt, healing clay. Lubricate the affected areas with tincture of calendula or mint. Antihistamines are taken orally.

Urticaria - a type of allergic dermatitis

The hallmark is a rash of raised blisters that tend to coalesce. In early childhood, urticaria or urticaria is acute, accompanied by painful skin itching, local fever, general malaise, weakness. Nettle skin-colored rash in a child suddenly appears on any part of the body, lasts from several hours to several days. In case of Quincke's edema in the throat area and oral cavity The child needs immediate medical attention.

Causes of urticaria - polyethological dermatosis:

1. external influences (heat, cold, pressure);
2. influenza infection, pharyngitis, otitis media;
3. preservatives and dyes in products;
4. helminths, protozoal infection;
5. medicines;
6. physical exercise;
7. food products;
8. insect bites;
9. overheating, cold;
10. stress.

Urticaria is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. A skin reaction to irritants is manifested in response to a mechanical effect on the skin (friction, pressure, combing insect bites). This form of the disease is called "mechanical urticaria".

A rare form of urticaria - cholinergic - is manifested by hyperemia of the skin of the face, neck, and chest. Redness is observed in just a few minutes or within an hour after bathing in hot water, increased sweating, physical and emotional stress. The child feels severe itching of the skin. A pale rash consisting of blisters forms various shapes. Usually, when examining a patient, an allergen is not detected. The provoking factor for the development of the cholinergic form is the mediator acetylcholine, produced by the body itself.

Urticaria treatment

If a child has a rash, then antihistamines are given. Cooling gels, anti-allergic ointments are applied externally. Dermatologists recommend combining the reception antihistamine inside with external application of a cream or gel with the same active substance. Parents fear that such treatment will cause drowsiness in the child, reduce academic performance. Antihistamines "Fenistil", "Claritin", "Erius", "Zirtek" almost do not have sedative effect are better tolerated.

Histamine is released by mast cells in the blood and tissues to help immune system protect the body from pathogens and toxins. However, in some people, allergies lead to an overreaction to harmless substances. Antihistamines block histamine receptors, prevent or reduce itching, swelling, redness of the skin, and watery eyes.

The most effective antihistamines for eliminating rashes with acute form hives. With chronic urticaria, such drugs help only 50% of patients.

Corticosteroid ointments have anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. Externally, the preparations "Fenistil-gel", creams and ointments "Elokom", "Lokoid", "Advantan", "Sinaflan", "Flutsinar" are used. Children are given to drink entersorbents, for example, Enteros-gel or Laktofiltrum. Inside, they also take dietary supplements with lacto- and bifidobacteria.

1. Outwardly: warm baths and baths, lotions with baking soda, infusions of succession, sage, chamomile.
2. Inside: tea drinks with blackcurrant leaves, garden raspberries, rose hips, infusion of licorice root, nettle, fresh juice of carrots, beets.

It is necessary to treat the rash and remove potential allergens from the child's environment. Household dust, fungi, dry fish food belong to this group. Citrus fruits, nuts, chocolate, whole milk, white bread and confectionery are excluded from the patient's diet.

eczema treatment

The translation of the name of the disease from ancient Greek sounds very simple - “skin rashes”. infantile eczema or atopic dermatitis appears before 6 months of age. On the cheeks of the child, dense red spots form that do not have clear boundaries. The disease is manifested by itching, inflammation and dry skin on the face, on the wrists, under the knees.

Redness, vesicles, crusts, cracks of the skin are observed in all types of eczema.

The acute phase in the idiopathic form of the disease is manifested by the formation of many bubbles. They open, weeping begins, after which crusts and spots remain. Typical localization of true eczema is the face, hands, forearms, feet and knees. Rashes appear on the body symmetrically.

Idiopathic, true eczema is the same as weeping lichen, chronic itchy dermatosis. Rough rash on the body one year old baby located on the face, arms and legs, on the chest and buttocks. There are such stages of the eczematous process as erythema, vesicles, erosion, crusts.

Causes:

• allergies to substances in food, mites, dust, mold, climate change;
• diseases of the digestive system, endocrine system;
• hereditary predisposition;
• stress, psycho-emotional trauma.

With the transition of the disease to a chronic course, the skin thickens and flakes. The symptoms are exacerbated in an unsuitable climate for the child, with excessive dryness of the air. The influence of constant or seasonal action of allergens is noted.

Therapeutic methods and means:

1. Antihistamines that relieve itching and inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes.
2. Resorcinol solution for cooling and astringent lotions.
3. Antiallergic ointments, antiseptic solutions.
4. Valerian tincture and other sedatives.
5. Enterosorbents for cleansing the body of the allergen.
6. Diuretics by mouth to reduce swelling.
7. Hormonal ointments (GCS).
8. Physiotherapy.

Corticosteroids for external use have an anti-inflammatory and antitoxic effect. GCS are part of the Lokoid, Dermozolon, Fluorocort and Sikorten ointments. Combined funds contain corticosteroids and antibiotics, are used for microbial eczema. The ointments "Cortomycetin", "Gyoksizon" belong to this group.

Rash in the form of ulcers

Diseases of a viral nature are often accompanied by stomatitis and a rash on the body of a child, especially a small one. Vezilovirus - the causative agent of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis - is able to affect the skin of the whole body, nasal mucosa, oropharynx. The source of infection is sick people, the carriers are insects.

After the incubation period, flu-like symptoms occur, body temperature rises. A watery ulcerative rash appears on the inner surface of the lips, on the cheeks. Also, vesicles can form on the child's body. Treatment of the affected mucosa in the mouth is carried out with Kamistad gel, Lugol's solution. Preparations "Miramistin", "Cholisal" are applied in accordance with the instructions in the package.