Acute nasopharyngitis in adults than to treat. Acute nasopharyngitis or inflammation of the nasopharynx

Rhinopharyngitis is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by damage to the oropharynx. Acute nasopharyngitis- a complication that occurs after a cold. In this article, we will take a closer look at this pathology, consider the main methods of treatment and prevention.

Rhinitis and pharyngitis are closely related diseases. The process of treating rhinopharyngitis provides for the need to treat these two above-mentioned diseases. If one of the ailments is not completely cured, then in most cases there is a risk that acute nasopharyngitis will turn into chronic stage which, unfortunately, is difficult to treat. Therefore, without waiting for such a moment, it is necessary to deal with these diseases (rhinitis, pharyngitis), which must be eliminated in time.

• Rhinitis is a common cold or inflammatory process nasal mucosa.
• Pharyngitis – inflammation of the mucous membrane of the throat. It is formed most often in patients who have recovered from colds. May be caused by bacteria. Symptoms: pain and tingling in the throat, dry cough.

Rhinopharyngitis - combines these diseases. High fever, ear congestion and other symptoms that worsen a person's well-being and quality of life. In order to figure out how to treat rhinopharyngitis, it is worth studying the causes this disease.

What is rhinopharyngitis disease.

Causes

Acute rhinopharyngitis is provoked by infections penetrating the respiratory tract, allergens, chemical and physical irritants.

• Viruses.
• bacteria.
• Allergens.

Factors contributing to the formation of inflammation in the nose and throat:

• poor nutrition;
• lack of vitamins;
• hypothermia;
• polluted air;
• presence chronic diseases internal organs, SARS.

Hypothermia is one of the causes of rhinopharyngitis.

Forms of rhinopharyngitis

Catarrhal - inflammation of the throat, with the formation of thick mucus, perspiration and discomfort.

Purulent - there is inflammation in the nose, which is accompanied by the appearance of pus.

Chronic nasopharyngitis includes the following subspecies: atrophic, subatrophic.

Often, nasopharyngitis in adults appears due to weak immunity. The causative agents are all kinds of cocci.

Atrophic rhinopharyngitis is an intense thinning of the mucous membrane, and the secreted mucus is quite thick. Due to these modifications, the symptoms of this disease are unpleasant.

Symptoms and signs of rhinopharyngitis

As mentioned earlier, the symptoms of rhinopharyngitis are determined by a complex of signs of rhinitis and pharyngitis. These include:

• Discomfort and pain syndrome in the throat, forehead area;
• Secretion of mucus mixed with blood from the nose;
• When the inflammatory process affects the ears, hearing is reduced and pain in this area increases;
• Often in an adult, the temperature does not rise;
• When examined by a doctor, hyperemia and edema are determined;
• Lymph nodes become larger in size.

Manifestations of rhinopharyngitis.

Allergic rhinopharyngitis

This type of disease is similar to the standard form of rhinopharyngitis, and the inflammation is allergic in nature. The disease is provoked by a certain allergen, in order to eliminate it, contact with it must be excluded. There is a process of inflammation in the nasopharynx, which originates in the nose and smoothly descends into the throat.

Symptoms:

• runny nose;
• red pharynx with mucus formation on the back wall;
• cough.

Acute nasopharyngitis

This type of disease is characterized by edema, the ingress of cellular factors into the mucous membrane. Vasodilation, blood flow to the nasopharynx. Along with this process, blood supply is transferred to the mucous membrane auditory canals. The maximum number of inflammations in the region of the lymphoid tissue.

Symptoms:

• discharge with pus;
• the patient often sneezes and feels itchy in the nose;
• voice change;
• watery eyes;
• itching in the throat;
• discomfort when swallowing;
• temperature rise;
• weakness.

Chronic nasopharyngitis

The cause of this type of disease is untreated rhinopharyngitis or rhinitis. For the appearance of a chronic view, teeth with caries and infections in the sinuses, which are constantly present there, are quite enough.

Rhinopharyngitis in children

It is especially dangerous for babies. The temperature can jump up to high performance accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The child cannot breathe through the nose, because the nasal passages are not wide and the slightest swelling blocks them. For this reason, there is a refusal of food, bad dream the baby is in a state of anxiety. Often added to the general symptoms liquid stool, due to this, the body's resistance drops and there is a risk of complications.

In most cases, nasopharyngitis in children turns into pneumonia or bronchitis. Subglottic pharyngitis is a very dangerous type of complication. It is important to seek help from a doctor in time, because this ailment is similar in its symptoms to the flu or to another viral infection.

General signs:

• liquid discharge from the nose at first transparent, then turn into pus;
• cough;
• increased body temperature;
• flatulence;
• mucous membrane is porous.

What is the disease rhinopharyngitis in children.

Diagnostics

To confirm the diagnosis of rhinopharyngitis, you need to consult a doctor. Rhinopharyngitis is characterized by a red throat and edema on the back of the throat.

If there is pus in the nose and throat, the patient should:

• donate blood for analysis, which will show the number of leukocytes and ESR;
• to determine the pathogen from the nasopharynx take a swab.

In chronic rhinopharyngitis, additional examinations are provided, such as:

• x-ray;
• endoscopy of the nose;
• tomography of the sinuses and nasopharynx;
• examination and consultation with such doctors: endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, otolaryngologist.

Tests are provided for allergic type nasopharyngitis to identify the irritant.

An important point is the correct definition of the diagnosis and its difference from other diseases.

If the patient is ill for a long time, it is necessary to take smears for ELISA and PCR, undergo bacterioscopy and microscopy.

How to treat rhinopharyngitis

Allergic rhinopharyngitis is treated with such means:

• Antihistamines. For children, use Fenistal and Zirtek drops. Adolescents and adults are prescribed Erius syrup or Suprastin tablets. The course of treatment is a week;
• It is necessary to eliminate the allergen that caused the irritation. If the patient cannot detect it on his own, then you need to pass a test in the laboratory;
• Hormonal sprays. They have an anti-edematous effect. Apply once a day for several weeks. For example, Nasonex.

Treatment of acute rhinopharyngitis

If the patient is suffering from high temperature Prescribe Ibuprofen or Paracetamol. Release form - syrup, tablets, suppositories.

Antiviral drugs - Viferon, Anaferon, Arbidol, Kagocel. The duration of the course is five days.

In practice, the following antibiotics are often used:

Amoxiclav . The composition of the antibiotic includes two main components: semi-synthetic penicillin - amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Each component of the drug has a specific function. Amoxicillin has a detrimental effect on the shell of bacteria. Eventually cell wall loses its elasticity and collapses, the bacterium dies. But most types of pathogens began to block the action of antibiotics. For this reason, amoxicillin is not a threat to many microorganisms.

For the active fight against beta-lactamases, clavulanic acid is provided. Reacting with amoxicillin, it makes the antibiotic molecules insensitive to beta-lactamases.

The dosage for children is prescribed, taking into account the weight category. The recommended form of release of the drug is a suspension, not tablets. With a mild and moderate form of the disease, the dosage is 20 mg per 1 kg of weight, in severe form it is doubled. The package contains instructions that will help determine the dose for any case.

Azithromycin. It does not allow the proteins necessary for the life of bacteria to be produced, which helps to stop their growth and reproduction. The drug has a bacteriostatic effect. The antibiotic has a wide range action, opposes many types of bacteria: aerobes, gram-positive.

The most commonly used dosage for treatment is 500 mg per day at a time. It is better to take Azithromycin at the same time, every other day. The course is three to five days.

In combination with antibiotics, the following drugs are used:

• Rinse the nose with saline or a solution based on sea salt. The procedure is performed about six times a day.
• Vibrocil, Otrivin, Nazivin - vasoconstrictor drugs. The course of treatment in children is not more than five days.
• Gargling with solutions antiseptic property(herbal infusions, salt, Furacilin). Sanitation is done up to ten times a day.
• Orshayut throat with antiseptics - Tantum Verde, Geksoral, Miramistin.
• Well suited for lubricating the throat: Chlohexidine, Lugol, Chlorophyllipt.
• Recommended nose drops - Pinosol; Sialor, Protargol.
• Children are recommended inhalations with a nebulizer based on mineral water and saline. For adults, the procedure is allowed for steam and warming agents, if there is no temperature.
• Cough medicines. When dry - Sinekod. For coughing - Mukaltin, Ascoril, Ambrobene.
• After removal acute symptoms, the patient can undergo physical procedures - UVI or UHF.

Methods of elimination of acute rhinopharyngitis.

ethnoscience

• Half a glass warm water you will need thirty drops of 30% propolis. The solution is ready for rinsing, apply at least four times a day.
• Herbal collection that will moisturize and soften the throat. Linden and calendula flowers are mixed in one part, sage in two parts. One tablespoon of the collection is poured with 200 ml of boiling water, insisted for about an hour, 20-30 ml is needed for one inhalation.
• In half a glass of honey, add the same amount of gruel of garlic, mix. Take one dessert spoon every hour.
• Before going to bed, drink half a cup of warm beer, lie down in bed and wrap yourself up in a blanket.
• Half a kilogram pine buds pour 1.5 liters of water, boil for twenty minutes. It is necessary to insist until the broth has cooled, then strain. One kilogram of honey per liter of water, add 10 grams of 30% propolis and mix. Keep refrigerated. Drink 1 tablespoon three times a day for any type of pharyngitis.

Methods of treatment of rhinopharyngitis with the help of traditional medicine.

Prevention

In order to protect yourself from rhinopharyngitis, follow the advice of doctors. Treat in a timely manner infectious diseases. Clothing must be appropriate for the weather. Avoid hypothermia. Constantly strengthen the immune system is an important rule.

Oxolinic ointment will help to avoid flu and runny nose. If, nevertheless, the disease has overtaken, try not to be in a hot and dry room for a long time.

Babies are not allowed to give medicines containing menthol, because it can cause seizures. In the prohibition group and aerosols. Dehydration and drying of the throat are detrimental to the human body.

During a severe course of the disease, you can not drink hot liquids, use mustard plasters and put compresses. Take care of your health!

IN next video we are talking about the disease rhinopharyngitis, how to treat it, what pathology is fraught with in the absence of therapy.

03.09.2016 19891

The autumn-winter period is characterized by hypothermia of the body with the subsequent development of the inflammatory process of the respiratory tract. Cause frequent colds is often a weakening immune system and her inability to cope with viral infections.

What is rhinopharyngitis

The second option allows you to observe the course of the disease in the opposite direction. Contact with an allergen leads to inflammatory allergic pharyngitis. In the future, the disease rises higher, captures the tissues of the nose and develops an allergic form of rhinopharyngitis.

The most common allergens that can cause a painful reaction in the body are as follows:

1. individual food products (citrus fruits, cocoa derivatives, etc.);
2. house dust or mites that live in it;
3. plant pollen;
4. allergens of moldy fungi, the likelihood of their occurrence is high in damp, insufficiently ventilated areas;
5. insect allergens;
6. medications.

The main condition for getting rid of allergic nasopharyngitis is to exclude contact with identified allergens.

Risk factors for this problem include genetic predisposition sick.

Acute

The approach of spring is marked by a desire to get rid of winter clothes as soon as possible, which leads to hypothermia of the body. Together with a lack of vitamins, this provokes another surge colds. Acute pharyngitis- a frequent companion of seasonal ailments.

Dryness and perspiration in such a diagnosis. As a rule, an unpleasant burning sensation throughout the nasopharynx and copious secretion of mucus are added to it. The presence of these problems allows us to assume that you have been visited by acute nasopharyngitis.

Examination will allow you to observe the swelling of the mucous membrane, well-marked veins. If there is plaque on the tissues, the version of diphtheria should be excluded. Nasal and noticeable distortion of the voice are other signs acute form illness. In some cases, the lymph nodes located on the neck increase, pain is felt in the back of the head, and there is a slight increase in temperature.

Sometimes a sore throat suggests a sore throat, in which there is inflammation of the tonsils. But such a diagnosis is accompanied by fever, and in acute rhinopharyngitis this is excluded.

Despite the wide spread of the disease, it should be taken seriously. Acute nasopharyngitis and children is formed in 80% of cases with seasonal colds of an infectious nature. Delay in seeking help medical institution or insufficient implementation of the prescribed recommendations provokes a protracted nature of the disease. There is a chance to get a complication in the form of an additional bacterial infection.

Acute nasopharyngitis in severe form occurs in children under 1 year of age. This is due to the narrowness of the nasal passages and the small vertical size of the nasal cavity. severe congestion causes shortness of breath, refusal to breastfeed and eat, vomiting or regurgitation. Against the background of general malaise, sleep disturbance, capriciousness and anxiety are formed, there are symptoms of intoxication of the body.

Another manifestation of the disease that does not allow to be inactive is purulent pharyngitis. More often this diagnosis is made by the male part of the population. However, the danger of the disease is for everyone without exception. At The lymph nodes and mucous membrane, the temperature is much higher than normal.

The lack of timely qualified treatment will lead to the spread of pus to other organs. Ears, joints and heart are exposed to infection. The transition of purulent pharyngitis to the chronic stage will subsequently lead to complete atrophy of the tissues of the throat, disruption or complete cessation of its functions.

Chronic: subatrophic, hypertrophic, granulosa

Chronic rhinopharyngitis appears against the background of an insufficiently treated acute form of the disease. It can be of various types:

• catarrhal;
• subatrophic;
• hypertrophic or granulosa.

The most common chronic disease is catarrhal form, which does not cause any particular inconvenience without exacerbation, however, the remaining options are in the nature of a serious problem.

Subatrophic pharyngitis is characterized by gradual atrophy of the mucous membrane, thinning of the tissue of the nasopharynx, loss of the pharynx of its main functions. In the subatrophic form, lymphoid tissue is replaced by connective tissue with a simultaneous reduction in the number of mucous glands. The patient feels a lump in the throat and a desire to cough up, dryness is present, eating is painful.

Hypertrophic pharyngitis accompanies the process of thickening and swelling of the submucosal and mucous layers of the nasopharynx. Granules and outgrowths form on the back wall of the throat, its lateral ridges grow abnormally, and the ducts of the mucous glands expand.

Granular pharyngitis in a child is more common than in adults and belongs to the chronic form. There may be several reasons for its occurrence:

• frequent runny nose;
• tonsillitis;
• purulent manifestations in the paranasal sinuses;
• metabolic disease;
• caries;
• the presence of diseases of the lungs, kidneys, cardiovascular system.

Chronic granulosa pharyngitis requires attentive attitude and timely diagnosis. A visual examination will be enough to make a diagnosis. The absence of measures to eliminate the disease will lead to degeneration into an atrophic form, which is accompanied by serious complications, which is a health hazard.

Symptoms

Signs of nasopharyngitis are a mixture of symptoms of pharyngitis and rhinitis and go through 3 stages:

1. During the first two days, the nose is blocked, vitality reduced, a person is characterized by weakness and lethargy, a slight upward temperature deviation, a sore throat, when swallowing, pain, sneezing, heaviness and headaches are felt.
2. For the next two days, copious discharge of a liquid consistency from the nose, cough, unwillingness to eat, respiratory failure, temperature above normal, pain in the throat, nose and ears stuffed up.
3. In the remaining period of the disease, discharge from the nose gradually acquires a thick appearance with further disappearance, there is a decline in all ailments - coughing, nasal inflammation, and inflammation of the nasopharynx decrease.

The spread of the inflammatory process to hearing aid will lead to pain, hearing impairment and the appearance of "clicking".

Nasopharyngitis has general symptoms and specific, relating to a particular form. With hypertrophic pharyngitis from the mouth is heard bad smell, the taste of food is distorted, a lump is felt in the throat, the desire to get rid of it provokes dry coughing, sometimes leading to nausea and vomiting, there is a frequent need to moisten the throat with water, the lymph nodes are enlarged. With allergic rhinopharyngitis, there is tearfulness and itching in the eyes.

Treatment

Symptoms and treatment of rhinopharyngitis require integrated approach in their study and elimination. Given that the disease is not an ordinary cold, the only warming up of the body is indispensable here. Priority efforts are directed to the removal of mucus from the nasopharynx, as it is the main factor of irritation. rear wall throat. The release of mucus leads to the elimination of the cause of pharyngitis.

Treatment of nasopharyngitis in adults includes a variety of washings, warming and rinsing. children younger age such methods will not work. Inhalations with rhinopharyngitis also greatly facilitate the task of getting rid of mucus. Self-medication is not worth it. The etiology of the disease is different character, depending on which the doctor will prescribe the most effective course.

To alleviate the symptoms of the disease, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory sprays, oily nose drops are used. When rinsing, decoctions of sage, chamomile or furacilin solution are used.

And children require a systematic approach, otherwise there is a risk of its degeneration into a chronic form.

Nasopharyngitis is a serious danger for pregnant women, debilitated children and people with chronic pathology in the lungs (bronchiectasis or asthma).

Successful treatment of granulosa pharyngitis involves the identification and elimination of the factors that formed the disease:

• exclude from the diet foods that cause irritation or an allergic reaction;
• replace the reception medical preparations for more suitable options;
• stop smoking or change jobs if it is a source of harmful exposure.

Next step - proper nutrition. Do not allow cold or overheated food, exclude the use of pickles and spices, food should have a soft texture. Bring the amount of liquid consumed per day to 2.5 liters.

The medicinal effect required condition healing process includes:

• leaching of mucus when rinsing with a solution of sea salt or saline;
• removal of edema in the pharynx with the use of astringents;
• cauterization of granules or removal of large accumulations with liquid nitrogen or a laser;
• acceleration of the recovery process with the help of injections or taking a vitamin complex;
• reduction of dryness in the throat due to lubrication with oil solutions based on vitamins A and E;
• taking anti-inflammatory drugs.

It is worth noting that it is much easier and faster to get rid of acute nasopharyngitis than to suffer from a chronic form in the future and spend significant physical and material resources on curing.

– frequent occurrence. It is not necessary to first get sick from one disease, and then be treated for another. Human body can suffer from two diseases at once, which are often combined and have a new name.

What is it - rhinopharyngitis?

It can take place not without inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, along which mucous or putrefactive discharge constantly flows, which irritates and inflames. What is nasopharyngitis (or nasopharyngitis)? This is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx, which occur with their corresponding symptoms.

- This is a common runny nose, in which the nasal mucosa becomes inflamed. It proceeds in three stages, which are characterized by their symptoms:

1. At the first, there is aches, slight fever, sneezing, slight coughing, sore throat, headache.
2. On the second, the temperature rises even more, the nose becomes stuffy, nasal discharge appears, breathing becomes difficult, and consciousness is clouded.
3. On the third, there is a general nasal congestion and a thick discharge.

In the second week, the patient usually recovers, if complications are not observed.

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, which often develops against the background of various infectious respiratory diseases (SARS, influenza, acute respiratory infections, etc.). It is characterized by perspiration, pain and difficulty in swallowing, as in a sore throat, as well as a cough.

The combination of these diseases is rhinopharyngitis, in which all the symptoms of these diseases are observed.

With the flow, forms of rhinopharyngitis are distinguished:

1. Spicy
2. Chronic, which is divided into types:

• catarrhal;
• Atrophic - soreness in the throat, hoarseness of voice, pallor and thinning of the mucosa;
• Hypertrophic;
• Granular - swelling of the tonsils, an increase in nearby lymph nodes, friability and swelling of the mucosa.

Separate types of rhinopharyngitis:

• Infectious;
• Allergic - the inflammatory process occurs on the allergen, begins in the nose, passes to the pharyngeal region.

Causes

A common cause of nasopharyngitis is complicated rhinitis. It is poorly treated or not treated at all, nasal discharge flowing down the throat irritates the mucous membrane, which leads to the development secondary disease. There are other factors that can provoke inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx:

• Hypothermia.
• Reduced immunity.
• An infection (bacteria or virus) that enters the nasopharynx.
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract upper divisions such as laryngitis, esophagitis, etc.
• In rare cases, the cause is the transfer of infection through the bloodstream, when inflammation occurs in other parts of the body.

Symptoms and signs of rhinopharyngitis of the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx

Common symptoms and signs of rhinopharyngitis of the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx is a combination of two diseases. The patient experiences the following phenomena:

• Burning, tingling, dryness in the nasopharynx.
• Cluster mucous secretion, which can turn into bloody or purulent. It is difficult to withdraw, is viscous.
• Difficulty in breathing.
• The nasality of the voice.
• Painful sensations in the ears, clicking, hearing loss.
• An increase in body temperature is possible.
• Redness and swelling of the nasopharynx.
• Enlargement of the occipital and cervical lymph nodes.

With allergic rhinopharyngitis, you can observe the following symptoms:

1. Inflammation and redness of the throat.
2. Runny nose, stuffy nose.
3. Cough.
4. Mucus flows down the back of the throat.
5. Discomfort in the throat.

The acute form of rhinopharyngitis is characterized by a sharp and obvious occurrence, which manifests itself in such signs:

• Swelling of the nose and throat;
• Formation of copious mucus or pus;
• Voice change;
• Itching in the nose, which causes sneezing;
• tearing;
• Sore throat and sore throat when swallowing, as in angina;
• slight malaise;
• Slight increase in temperature up to 37.9ºС.

Hypertrophic and catarrhal chronic rhinopharyngitis have common symptoms:

1. Sore throat, soreness.
2. Sensation of a foreign object in the throat.
3. Attacks of coughing in the morning, with expectoration of mucus or pus.
4. Discharge from the nose of mucus or pus.
5. Inflammation and redness of the tonsils.
6. Enlarged lymph nodes in the back of the throat.

Rhinopharyngitis in a child

Cases of nasopharyngitis in children become quite frequent. Moreover, the disease is more severe than in adults. The child has a sharp rise in temperature up to 39ºС, belching, vomiting. Due to nasal congestion, the child refuses to eat, sleeps poorly, becomes capricious. An upset gastrointestinal tract may develop, that is, flatulence and diarrhea will begin. Often, nasopharyngitis in a child is a harbinger of pneumonia or bronchitis.

Rhinopharyngitis in adults

Rhinopharyngitis in adults often manifests itself after untreated or poorly treated rhinitis. In men, it can manifest itself due to hypothermia. In women, it often occurs against the background of reduced immunity in the cold seasons.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of rhinopharyngitis is carried out by an otolaryngologist (ENT), who first listens to the patient's complaints, and then conducts general inspection nose and throat. By outward signs disease becomes apparent. However, for clarification, procedures can be carried out:

• Analysis of secreted mucus;
• Blood test;
• Mucosal biopsy;
• X-ray of the nasal sinuses.

Treatment

The treatment of rhinopharyngitis is not the same as for the common cold. Get rid of the cause of the disease. This is done by clearing the nose of mucus, eliminating infection, allergens, if we are talking about allergic rhinopharyngitis.

What to treat? Medicines:

• Antibiotics, which are widely used in this disease;
• Antipyretic drugs, if we are talking about a child;
• Anti-inflammatory drugs;
• nasal drops;
• Antihistamines.

Physiotherapy procedures are carried out:

• Washing;
• Inhalations;
• Gargling, for example, sage infusion, soda solution;
• Warming up the legs.

The patient must adhere to a diet:

1. Drinking plenty of fluids to thin the mucus;
2. Refusal of cold, hot, spicy foods;
3. Eating foods rich in vitamins.

All of the above steps can be done at home. Medicines should be prescribed by a doctor, and the use of folk remedies contributes to a speedy recovery:

• Bury the nose with 5 drops of Kalanchoe juice.
• Bury 5 drops of beetroot juice in each nostril or dip tampons that are inserted into the nose.
• Rinse the nose with a solution: dilute a spoonful of calendula juice with 0.5 liters of warm water.
• Pour a spoonful of plantain leaves with a glass of boiling water and leave for 2 hours. The decoction is taken before meals.

life forecast

With rhinopharyngitis, a favorable prognosis of life is observed. How long do patients live? The disease does not lead to deaths, however, gives its complications: bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma etc. This worsens the patient's condition, while nasopharyngitis itself is cured in a couple of weeks and no longer bothers.

Hypothermia should be avoided, all infectious diseases should be treated in a timely manner, immunity should be strengthened - and then nasopharyngitis will not affect your body.

Acute rhinopharyngitis is an inflammation of the nose and throat. The disease combines signs of rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa) and pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa).

This pathology occurs as a complication of SARS and is transmitted by airborne droplets. Another name for the disease is acute nasopharyngitis.

Causes of the disease

The most common causative agent of the disease is adenovirus. In more rare cases, the inflammatory process in the nasopharynx is caused by streptococci and staphylococci, which are activated when immunity is weakened.

The following reasons can provoke the onset of rhinopharyngitis:

• hypothermia;
• chronic infectious process in the body;
• weakening after an illness;
• avitaminosis;
• proliferation of the nasopharyngeal tonsil;
• untreated cold;
• contact with a sick person;
• stressful situations;
• drinking cold drinks;
• smoking.

Acute rhinitis usually occurs first, which is manifested by nasal congestion, copious secretions from the nasal passages, lacrimation, general malaise. Then the infectious process moves to the pharynx.

Children are particularly susceptible to this disease due to their anatomical structure nasopharynx. IN childhood usually rhinitis and pharyngitis do not occur in isolation.

In some cases, the disease is caused by exposure to an allergen. After contact with irritant there are signs of damage to the nasopharynx: cough, runny nose, sneezing.

Allergic rhinopharyngitis cannot be transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person, since the pathology is not associated with the impact of infection.

In people with weakened immune systems, an untreated acute form of the disease can turn into chronic nasopharyngitis, which is protracted and more difficult to treat.

Symptoms of the disease

With rhinopharyngitis incubation period lasts 2 to 5 days. The disease begins suddenly with violent manifestations.

Acute nasopharyngitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• pain in the throat when swallowing and coughing;
• copious discharge from the nasal passages;
• hoarseness of voice;
• increased tearing;
• headache;
• general malaise;
• loss of appetite.

In acute nasopharyngitis, symptoms in adults are expressed differently than in children. In a child, the temperature can rise to 38-38.5ºC. Infants are particularly susceptible to the disease.

The child does not sleep well, becomes restless and whiny, it is difficult for him to breathe due to nasal congestion. In some children with nasopharyngitis, symptoms may resemble a gastrointestinal disorder.

This is due to the fact that due to nasal congestion, the child swallows air through the mouth. There is flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Nasopharyngitis in adults is rarely accompanied by severe fever. Usually seen subfebrile temperature 37-37.5ºC.

If the disease is caused by an allergen, then a runny nose with swelling of the nasal mucosa first occurs. Then the inflammation passes to the pharynx, there is a cough and sore throat.

Acute nasopharyngitis is dangerous with complications. Infection from the nasopharynx can spread to other organs and cause inflammatory diseases: otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis.

In children, the disease can be complicated by bronchospasm and. In people with reduced immunity, untreated nasopharyngitis becomes chronic.

In chronic nasopharyngitis, symptoms and treatment in adults will depend on the form of the disease.

There are 3 types of the disease:

1. Chronic atrophic rhinopharyngitis. The patient complains of discomfort in the throat. There is hoarseness of voice. At the same time, the mucous throat does not look inflamed, has a pale shade, but is thinned.
2. Catarrhal and hypertrophic chronic nasopharyngitis. The patient feels a sore throat. He is worried about the feeling foreign body in the throat. Purulent and mucous secretions flow from the nasal passages, sometimes they fall into the throat. There is an unpleasant odor from the mouth. In the morning and evening, the patient is tormented by a cough with a small amount of mucous sputum. The tonsils look swollen, loose and enlarged.

At chronic nasopharyngitis there is often a slight increase submandibular lymph nodes and the presence of carious teeth.

Diagnosis of the disease

Before treating rhinopharyngitis, it is necessary to conduct a diagnosis. This disease is similar in symptoms to other ailments: diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough. On the initial stage the doctor examines the throat and nasal passages.

To clarify the diagnosis, the following tests are prescribed:

• blood test for ESR and leukocytes;
• taking a swab from the nasopharynx to determine the type of infection.

If the doctor suspects the patient has a chronic course of the disease, then the following examinations are carried out:

• nasal endoscopy;
• tomography of the nasal sinuses and nasopharynx;
• x-ray of the nasopharynx;
• allergen tests (if allergic form disease).

Treatment Methods

After the diagnosis of rhinopharyngitis is made, they begin to treat the disease. Methods of treatment will depend on the form of pathology.

With allergic nasopharyngitis, the following agents are used:

• Antihistamines. Children are prescribed drops of Fenistil, Zirtek. Antiallergic treatment of nasopharyngitis in adults is carried out with Suprastin and Erius.
• Local remedies for the nose. The hormonal spray Nasonex is commonly used.

In the treatment of an acute form of the disease caused by an infection, the following drugs are used:

1. Antipyretic drugs: Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Panadol. Usually they are used in the treatment of children. Treatment of nasopharyngitis in adults with antipyretic drugs is carried out if the body temperature is above 38.5ºC.
2. Antibiotics: Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin. Antibacterial drugs are used if inflammation is caused by bacteria. With a viral origin of the disease, the use of such drugs does not make sense. Before prescribing therapy, a nasopharyngeal swab is cultured for sensitivity to antibiotics.
3. Antiviral drugs: Arbidol, Anaferon, Viferon. They are used if the disease is caused by an adenovirus. However, many doctors believe that such drugs weaken the immune system. Therefore, at present, with nasopharyngitis, treatment antiviral drugs carried out only if the body itself can not cope with the infection.
4. Local preparations for the nose. Apply vasoconstrictor drops: Otrivin, Vibrocil, Nazivin, Galazolin. And also instill oil drops Pinosol and antiseptic Protargol. Children are washed with nasal passages with a solution of sea salt or saline.
5. Local remedies for the throat. Use solutions for rinsing with Furacillin, Stomatidine, Givalex, baking soda. In agreement with the doctor, you can gargle folk remedies: decoction of chamomile, calendula, sage. The mucous membrane of the larynx is lubricated with antiseptics: Lugol's solution, Chlorhexidine.
6. Lozenges: Faringosept, Decatilen, Lisobakt. These drugs help cure.
7. Cough remedies: Mukaltin, Ambrobene, Ascoril. With a dry cough, take the drug Sinekod.
8. Inhalations. With nasopharyngitis, inhalation treatment is used if the patient does not have a high temperature. For children, inhalations are carried out using a nebulizer, using saline or mineral water. Adults are shown inhalation of warm vapor.

After the disappearance of all symptoms of acute nasopharyngitis, treatment is continued with physiotherapeutic methods.

Assign UHF therapy, quartz and ultraviolet irradiation lesions. This helps eliminate residual effects inflammatory process.

How to treat rhinopharyngitis in a chronic form? First of all, it is necessary to find out and eliminate the cause of the disease. If these are adenoids or a deviated septum, then surgical treatment is indicated.

If the pathology is provoked by sinusitis or sinusitis, then a course of treatment is carried out antibacterial drugs. If the patient has carious teeth, oral hygiene is necessary.

Treatment chronic form diseases are carried out by the following methods:

• irradiation of the nasopharynx with quartz;
• electrophoresis;
• alkaline inhalations;
• immunomodulatory drugs;
• taking vitamin complexes;
• gargling with a decoction of sage;
• instillation of oily solutions into the nose;
• the use of biostimulants.

The therapy is supplemented by the appointment of a special diet with the restriction of hot, cold and spicy foods. During the period of remission, strengthening and hardening procedures are necessary.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that nasopharyngitis is far from a harmless disease and often leads to complications. If there are signs of damage to the nasopharynx, you should seek medical help.

This is especially necessary if the child has symptoms of a throat and nose disease. After all, the manifestations of rhinopharyngitis are similar to many dangerous childhood infections.

Rhinopharyngitis is more often diagnosed in children under one year old and adults with poor immunity. The disease is characterized by the development of inflammatory processes in the body, which cover the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx. According to the clinical picture, rhinopharyngitis resembles the simultaneous development of pharyngitis and rhinitis and is their complication.

Causes

Considering the causes of the development of rhinopharyngitis, it should be noted that more often the disease occurs against the background of weakened immunity, which is often observed after an acute respiratory viral infection or acute respiratory infections.

When the body weakens, it ceases to cope with the attack pathogens, as a result of which the infection from the nasal mucosa spreads to the throat, and vice versa.

Hypothermia, frequent drinking of alcoholic beverages and smoking can cause a decrease in local defenses.

Untreated or recurrent rhinitis and pharyngitis can provoke the occurrence of nasopharyngitis. The disease is often the result of bacterial damage to the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx. But according to statistics, bacteria are much less likely to cause nasopharyngitis than other infectious agents.

Classification

In its course, rhinopharyngitis is acute, subacute and chronic. These forms have a similar symptomatic picture, only in the first case it has the most pronounced character.

Spicy

Acute nasopharyngitis is more often the result of the development of acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, pharyngitis and rhinitis. This form is characterized by severe symptoms. The main symptoms appear suddenly and are accompanied by severe runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, fever and voice change when included in the inflammatory process of the vocal cords.

Wherein general state it is difficult to call a patient with acute rhinopharyngitis satisfactory. Observed great weakness, malaise, drowsiness and decreased performance.

Chronic

Chronic rhinopharyngitis occurs against the background of the absence or untimely treatment of the acute form. It is characterized by a lubricated clinical picture, at which the temperature is often absent. But when an exacerbation occurs, the symptoms increase and have the same intensity as in an acute illness.

Types and symptoms

Symptoms of the development of rhinopharyngitis depend not only on the form of the course, but also on the type. Viruses, bacteria, fungi and allergens can provoke it. It is for this reason that the disease is divided into:

• viral;
• bacterial.

Chronic rhinopharyngitis is dangerous because with the development of the body's defenses are constantly weakening, and this increases the risk of other chronic diseases, which are problematic to get rid of.

Diagnostic methods

An otolaryngologist can make a presumptive diagnosis of nasopharyngitis at the first appointment based on the patient's complaints and examination of the nasopharynx. IN last case there is redness and swelling of the mucous membranes, the presence of purulent exudate, as well as infiltration of the posterior pharyngeal wall, palate and arches.

But only on the basis of complaints and examination, treatment is not prescribed. The doctor needs to get a complete picture of the state of health. For this reason, the diagnosis of nasopharyngitis also includes:

• endoscopy;
• x-ray examination;
• computed tomography.

If the patient has prolonged nasopharyngitis, an additional examination is mandatory, which excludes the development of allergic and vasomotor rhinitis as well as diphtheria and hay fever. For this, blood tests, allergy tests and bacteriological culture of mucous exudate are used.

When making a diagnosis, it is important to establish the underlying causes of development. Since without this, getting rid of the disease without complications is problematic.

Treatment Methods

Treatment of rhinopharyngitis is always individual, therefore it is by no means impossible to treat it on your own. To quickly get rid of unpleasant symptoms and cure the disease, you should follow the doctor's recommendations. More often the disease is treated at home.

There are treatment standards. Mandatory drug therapy, physiotherapy, inhalation with a nebulizer and the use of funds to facilitate breathing and eliminate sore throats (it is good to use Tui oil for this purpose).

Medical

If a patient is diagnosed with allergic rhinopharyngitis, apply antihistamines. They are also used in the treatment of other forms of the disease, as they eliminate the swelling of the mucous membranes and prevent the development of an allergy to taking other drugs, which often occurs in infants.

If the patient is diagnosed viral form, appointed antiviral drugs if bacterial - antibiotics. The latter are also used in the event of complications. If children suffer from viral rhinopharyngitis, then antibiotics are also prescribed, since due to an imperfect immune system, the risk of a bacterial infection and the development of complications is high. This is especially true in situations where the baby gets sick.

In any form of rhinopharyngitis, it is necessary to clean the nasopharynx from mucus by washing with aseptic solutions. If the patient's nose is very stuffy and breathing is disturbed, nasal drops of vasoconstrictive action are prescribed.

It is impossible to use vasoconstrictor drugs for more than 5 days, as this can provoke addiction and the development of other diseases.

If the mucous discharge from the nose is too thick, inhalations are prescribed. For this, mucolytics are used. They should be applied until the mucus becomes liquid and begins to move normally. For the treatment of the throat, sprays with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are used.

If medicines can not be used to treat rhinopharyngitis, then homeopathy is used. Homeopathic remedies are of natural origin, and therefore rarely provoke side effects. Give the exact name homeopathic remedy, which will be most effective, is impossible, since such tablets are prescribed individually. Their dosage and duration of use is also calculated on an individual basis, taking into account the degree of development of the disease, weight, age and condition of the patient.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies perfectly complement drug therapy. However, only adults can use them, since in children decoctions and infusions from medicinal herbs can cause severe allergies.

With the development of rhinopharyngitis, it is important to clean the nasopharynx from mucus and remove the inflammatory process. Alternative medicine offers the use of decoctions and infusions prepared from the following herbs:

• calendula;
• series;
• Hypericum.

These herbs can be used individually or combined in equal parts. Decoctions and infusions are prepared in the same way. To prepare a decoction, take 1 tbsp. l. raw materials, fill with water and simmer for 10-15 minutes, then cool and strain. To prepare the infusion, take 1 tbsp. l. raw materials, pour a glass of boiling water and leave to infuse for 30-60 minutes, and then strain.

With rhinopharyngitis moderate washing the nasopharynx is carried out 3-4 times a day. But these decoctions and infusions are also used for gargling. Such procedures are carried out every 2-3 hours.

According to Dr. Komarovsky, rhinopharyngitis is provoked by frequent respiratory diseases that develop due to damage to the body by viruses. And given that nasopharyngitis is contagious, the patient must be isolated from others, especially if there are small children in the family. You can become infected with rhinopharyngitis by airborne droplets, for example, when talking, or when using shared household items.

If the disease is seen in small child You don't need to take him to the clinic. It is better to call a doctor at home. The child must be provided plentiful drink and fortified food. Only nutrition should be gentle so as not to injure the already inflamed mucous throats.

Walking with rhinopharyngitis is allowed if the child does not have a high temperature and his condition is satisfactory. If the baby feels bad, then you should not walk. He needs bed rest.

Doctor Komarovsky advises how to gargle and relieve discomfort.

Features of treatment during pregnancy and feeding

Nasopharyngitis also occurs frequently in pregnant and lactating women. In this case, it is impossible to self-medicate, as this can negatively affect the fetus and the condition of the child who is breastfed.

Doctors recommend that breastfeeding women temporarily stop breastfeeding and isolate themselves from them, as they transmit infections to babies along with their milk. During this period, it is necessary to follow the doctor's recommendations - take antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs, gargle with aseptic solutions and rinse the nasopharynx.

During pregnancy, the treatment of nasopharyngitis is complicated by the contraindication of many medicines. In this case, the treatment involves frequent gargling, washing the nasopharynx and inhalation. If this does not help and the inflammatory process in the nasopharynx lasts more than 4 days, the patient is hospitalized, since in this case the use of systemic antibiotics is required. And their reception should take place under the strict supervision of doctors.

Features of treatment in children

How younger child, the more dangerous for him the development of nasopharyngitis. Due to the high temperature, the condition of the baby worsens. In infants, this is accompanied by frequent regurgitation, sleep disturbance and decreased appetite.

And in order to prevent the occurrence of complications, at the first signs, parents should show the child to the doctor and follow his recommendations in the future. If the baby's condition is severe, you should not refuse hospitalization, as this can lead to health problems.

The tactics of treating rhinopharyngitis in children is no different from the treatment of adults. In this case, antibiotics, antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs are also required. If a child has a significant decrease in immunity, it is mandatory to take immunostimulants or multivitamin complexes.

What Not to Do

With the development of rhinopharyngitis, the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx become inflamed. And in order to prevent the occurrence of complications, everyone must understand that some actions can aggravate the course of the disease:

• being in a room where hot dry air prevails;
• application local preparations with menthol in young children (they provoke convulsions);
• the use of aerosols for the throat in children under 3 years of age (their use can lead to spasm of the larynx);
• abuse vasoconstrictor drugs;
• allowing the mucous membranes to dry out;
• the use of hot drinks and dishes;
• the use of warming procedures in the presence of high temperature.

These actions can cause the progression of rhinopharyngitis and the occurrence of complications.

Preventive measures

Disease prevention is timely treatment viral, bacterial diseases and strengthening immunity. It is necessary to protect yourself from hypothermia, walk more often fresh air and lead healthy lifestyle life. During the period of flu and colds, you can take preventive drugs but only after consulting a doctor.

Often, patients with nasopharyngitis suffer slightly, and mild forms of the disease can be successfully treated at home. General recommendations the following:

• the first days it is better not to go outside and exclude contact with other people so that another infection is not added to the weakened body;
• full rest at night and daytime sleep is desirable;
• exclude fried, spicy and salty foods from the diet;
• drink with dry throat green tea with lemon, ginger tea with honey and still mineral water;
• give up alcohol and smoking;
• to prevent the spread of infection, use an individual towel and utensils;
• regularly carry out wet cleaning and ventilate the room.

There are many safe drugs intended for independent use. The following antiviral drugs are most commonly used: Gropninosin, Amizon, Ingavirin and Isoprinosine.

It is also important to gargle antiseptic solutions Chlorhexidine, Chlorophyllipt, Furacilin or soda and salt. Rinsing should be done 1-2 times every hour.

You can use sprays Kameton, Ingalipt, Givaleks, Faringosept and Strepsils. They act locally and have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

How to treat a cough

When rhinopharyngitis get rid of cough will help vegetable syrups expectorant action Gerbion, plantain syrup Dr. Theiss, Eucabal and Bronchipret, as well as synthetic sputum thinners Lazolvan, Ambrobene, Fluditec, ACC and Bromhexine.

For the treatment of cough, inhalations with a nebulizer help very well. Use ambrosol and decoctions of medicinal herbs as a solution.

Rhinopharyngitis - dangerous disease. Its treatment should begin from the first days of the onset of symptoms. In this case, the treatment should be carried out under the supervision of the attending physician. Otherwise, health problems may arise, which are problematic to get rid of.