sp-force-hide ( display: none;).sp-form ( display: block; background: #ffffff; padding: 15px; width: 640px; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 8px; -moz-border -radius: 8px; -webkit-border-radius: 8px; border-color: #dddddd; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; background- repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: auto;).sp-form input ( display: inline-block; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;).sp-form .sp-form-fields -wrapper ( margin: 0 auto; width: 610px;).sp-form .sp-form-control ( background: #ffffff; border-color: #cccccc; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font- size: 15px; padding-left: 8.75px; padding-right: 8.75px; border-radius: 4px; -moz-border-radius: 4px; -webkit-border-radius: 4px; height: 35px; width: 100% ;).sp-form .sp-field label ( color: #444444; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;).sp-form .sp-button ( border-radius: 4px ; -moz-border-radius: 4px; -webkit-border-radius: 4px; b background-color: #0089bf; color: #ffffff; width: auto; font-weight: 700 font-style: normal font-family: Arial, sans-serif;).sp-form .sp-button-container ( text-align: left;)

Myometrial hypertonicity during pregnancy is dangerous, how to treat?

Pregnancy is an important event in a woman's life, but often during her course, a pathology such as increased myometrial tone is diagnosed. Myometrial hypertonicity - pathological condition, characterized by increased contractile activity of the muscle fibers of the uterus. The development of such a disorder during pregnancy is fraught with miscarriages, premature births and other dangerous consequences. It is important to know the symptoms of this pathology and possible reason its development. Timely access to a doctor will help to avoid various complications.

Causes of the development of hypertonicity of the myometrium and methods of treatment

The causes of hypertonicity during pregnancy may lie in structural changes in the uterine wall

Pregnancy for a woman is the most long-awaited exciting event, but often its course is overshadowed by various diseases. Often, when visiting a gynecologist, you can hear such an unpleasant diagnosis as "myometrial hypertonicity", which causes a lot of anxiety and anxiety in the expectant mother. Most often, a specialist decides to place a pregnant woman in a medical institution for appropriate treatment, or strict adherence to bed rest at home is attributed.

Why is myometrial hypertonicity really dangerous during childbearing, that such drastic measures are required? In fact, an increase in myometrial tone during pregnancy is considered a dangerous pathological condition that requires increased attention. This is explained by the fact that it is on this that the supply of a sufficient amount of nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus, as well as the favorable ending of pregnancy, depends in the future.

Features of the pathology

The uterine cavity is lined with three layers:

• endometrium;
• myometrium;
• parimetry.

The endometrium is the layer that covers the surface of the uterus from the inside, and the parimetry is a serous film lining the genital organ from the outside. However, the most important and complex layer is considered to be the myometrium, which is characterized by muscle contraction, which plays huge role for successful completion labor activity. In the event that during the course of pregnancy such increased muscle tension is diagnosed before the due date of delivery, then experts speak of such a pathology as hypertonicity. Such a pathological condition female body causes high blood pressure in the reproductive organ and the result of this phenomenon may be the premature onset of labor.

However, the diagnosis of such a pathology does not necessarily lead to the onset of premature labor or miscarriage, since there are cases of a favorable outcome of pregnancy. Most often, an increased tone of the myometrium along the anterior or posterior wall ends with a violation of the process of supplying oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, which can adversely affect its further development.

Causes of increased tone

To date, increased tone of the myometrium can develop for various reasons.

Most often, the development of hypertonicity is observed as a result of a change in the hormonal background of a woman, that is, a decrease in the content of progesterone.

Such a violation causes a particular danger at the very beginning of the development of pregnancy, when the final formation of the placenta has not yet occurred. In addition, one can single out the following reasons pathologies:

• myometrial tone can increase when a woman increases the production of the male sex hormone - androgen;
• often experts diagnose hypertonicity with underdevelopment of the genital organ and its small size;
• increased uterine tone can be diagnosed when the history of the expectant mother contains various diseases inflammatory nature of the uterus or malignant neoplasms.
• tone can increase under the influence of various stressful situations, constant anxiety, smoking and drinking alcohol.
• uterine fibroids cause a violation of the hormonal background in the female body and often the tone is diagnosed precisely with such a pathology;

Local hypertonicity predominantly occurs in endometriosis, when pathological cells cause structural changes in muscle fibers.

Often, doctors are faced with such a pathological condition of the female body as uterine hypotension. During pregnancy, such a pathology does not pose any significant threat to the woman and the baby, however, with the development of such a condition during labor, various complications may arise.

Risk factors

In addition to the reasons that lead to increased myometrial tone, risk factors can be identified. Most often, experts diagnose miscarriage in the presence of certain medical factors:

• identifying various pathologies during pregnancy;
• genetic predisposition;
• diseases different nature in the field of genital and internal organs;
• progression of inflammatory processes in the reproductive system;
• thyroid disease;
• harmful production, that is, an increase in the tone of the uterus, can occur with the constant interaction of a woman with harmful substances, with heavy physical labor and daily work;
• the age of the pregnant woman plays an important role, since doctors note that after 35 years, women become susceptible to uterine hypertonicity;
• irrational organization of her daily routine, that is, a woman does not rest enough.

Symptoms of pathology

AT modern medicine uterine hypertonicity is divided into:

• a local increase in the tone of the myometrium, that is, there is muscle tension in a separate section of the myometrium;
• a general increase in the tone of the uterus is the tension of the entire myometrium.

The following zones of occurrence of hypertonicity in the cavity of the reproductive organ are distinguished:

1. An increase in the tone of the myometrium along the back wall causes the following symptoms:

• severe pulling pain in the lower abdomen;
• pain in the lower back;
• bleeding from the vagina

1. An increase in tone along the anterior wall causes severe pain in the lower abdomen, which are accompanied by its strong tension. The increased tone of the uterus along the anterior wall at the end of pregnancy can lead to the fact that the movements of the fetus slow down. This pathological condition often ends spontaneous miscarriage.

The back wall is the site of the localization of large blood vessels through which nutrients are supplied to the baby. In the event that tension of the myometrium occurs, then their clamping is observed, and the result of this is fetal hypoxia. Often, an increased tone of the uterus along the anterior wall can occur with any external irritation that affects the abdominal cavity.

How to treat

Many believe that the spasmodic state of the uterus is the main cause of the development of premature labor and miscarriage, and various deviations can be observed during pregnancy.

However, uterine hypertonicity does not always need treatment and is most often resorted to when there are symptoms such as:

• a shortened neck and a threat to its disclosure;
• the appearance of secretions of a smearing nature;
• pain in the abdomen.

In the event that such symptoms are absent, then in this case it is not required special treatment. If an increase in the tone of the uterus of a physiological nature occurs, it can be eliminated by simply relaxing the muscles of the face and resting on the side. Another relaxing exercise that doctors advise to perform with a high tone of the uterus is getting on all fours and gently arching the lower back.

When deciding on a special treatment for such a pathology, drugs are most often prescribed. antispasmodic action. These remedies do not eliminate the likelihood of a miscarriage, but they allow you to get rid of unpleasant symptoms. If there is a history of premature birth, a drug such as Utrozhestan is prescribed.

The uterus in a woman is a hollow muscular organ that performs the function of a fetus during the period of gestation. The walls of the uterus consist of several layers, one of which is the myometrium, the function of which is to nourish, protect, and in the last stages of pregnancy, to expel the fetus. For a normal pregnancy muscle layer uterus should be relaxed. Myometrial hypertonicity along the posterior wall is a direct sign of a threatened abortion.

Why can this pathology develop?

There are a number of factors that increase the tone of the uterus. At successful definition etiological reason, in which the tone of the myometrium is increased, it is possible to develop the most efficient technique and treatment strategy. The most common reasons include the following factors:

1. In the first trimester of pregnancy, that is, in the first three months, an increased tone of the myometrium may be due to a decrease in the production of progesterone by the corpus luteum, and then the condition is called insufficiency. corpus luteum. Considering the fact that progesterone reduces the contractility of the myometrium and its sensitivity to estrogens, respectively, with its sufficient content in the blood of a pregnant woman, the myometrial fibers remain relaxed. If progesterone is in short supply, then the uterus comes into tone, and in such cases, spontaneous miscarriage cannot be ruled out.
2. Also, hypertonicity is manifested in uterine myoma. Uterine fibroids is a benign tumor that occurs in the muscular layer of the uterus and consists of rounded nodules. Uterine fibroids are still considered a hormone-dependent tumor, and if it is present, a violation of the balance of estrogens and progesterone with a shift towards an increase in estrogen content is necessarily diagnosed in parallel.
3. Local hypertonicity of the myometrium is often observed in endometriosis, when the growth of endometrial cells in localized areas changes the very structure of the muscle fibers of the endometrium and brings it into a state of hypertonicity. This occurs against the background of the growth of the endometrium in uncharacteristic places for it.
4. For any inflammatory processes in the uterus, which were transferred before pregnancy and detected during pregnancy, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe myometrium with a disturbed structure is made incapable of stretching. It is this fact that leads to the fact that the tone of the myometrium becomes increased.
5. Another one important reason the occurrence of the pathology under discussion is adnexitis. Inflammation of the ovaries leads to significant hormonal deficiency. This is a trigger for the development of a condition in which the tone of the myometrium is increased.
6. Neurogenic mechanisms of development of uterine hypertonicity. In addition to the reasons listed above, myometrial tone may be increased due to dysregulation at the level of the central nervous system. Failure of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, for example, leads to excessive production of prostaglandins. And they, in turn, provoke the release of excess amounts of estrogens into the bloodstream of a woman. Which ultimately leads to the development of hypertonicity.

Typical conditions and symptoms of increased uterine tone

By localization, hypertonicity can be in the following areas of the uterus:

1. Hypertonicity along the back wall of the uterus is accompanied, in addition to pulling pains in the lower abdomen, with pain in the lower back. Prolonged pain may cause spotting. This condition can lead to miscarriage.
2. Hypertonicity of the myometrium of the anterior wall is also accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen. But in this case, tension is noted, the stomach becomes like a “stone”. If this condition occurs later in pregnancy, fetal movements may slow down. This condition is also threatening for miscarriage.

Large blood vessels also pass along the back wall of the uterus, which also nourish the fetus. With tension of the myometrium, they are pinched, and fetal hypoxia begins to develop.

Often, hypertonicity along the anterior wall can occur with external irritation of the uterus, for example, with ultrasound. Sometimes this happens with other influences on the anterior abdominal wall.

More about female diseases told in the video:

Treatment and prevention of increased uterine tone

It is important to understand that any pain or other manifestations of discomfort during pregnancy should not be ignored. Any unnoticed alarm signal can cause an irreparable tragedy. The pregnant woman herself and the relatives surrounding her are simply obliged to create a favorable environment for the expectant mother.

Full sleep, prevention of psycho-emotional overload, a ban on lifting weights, good nutrition with a rich content of vitamins - this is a small list of conditions for the birth of a healthy and full-fledged child. Increased local tone of the myometrium and its diffuse distribution are always emergency conditions requiring medical intervention. To prevent a spontaneous abortion that has begun in the early stages or a miscarriage at a later date, it is necessary to prevent the onset of conditions that can provoke an increase in uterine tension. It should be remembered forever that a spontaneous abortion that has begun cannot be stopped. All you can do is accept possible measures for its prevention and control.

For emergency relief of this condition at home, you can take the drug No-shpa, which relieves spasms of the smooth muscles of the uterus. It is also recommended to lie down on the bed immediately upon detection of symptoms of an increasing tone of the uterus and not get up until the doctor arrives or the ambulance arrives.

Having understood and realized what hypertonicity is, you can prevent its onset or stop the total spasm of the muscles of the uterus that has already begun. And, thereby, to keep the pregnancy and give birth to a healthy and strong baby.

One of the most common complications during pregnancy is when excessive stress occurs. However, not in all cases, such a phenomenon poses a serious danger to the fetus, but a frivolous attitude to the appearance of symptoms of this disorder can lead to the most unpleasant consequences.

The phenomenon of hypertonicity can be observed both on the entire inner surface of the uterus, and in some of its areas (locally). At the same time, hypertonicity of the uterus and the back wall are distinguished.

information In the latter case, the violation may not always be detected in time, since external characteristic symptoms sometimes absent, therefore, in some cases, excessive tension of the uterine muscles can only be detected with the help of.

An increased tone of the posterior wall of the uterus with the simultaneous presence of pain may indicate the onset of a pregnancy complication process. Further pathological process can lead to the appearance of structural changes in the uterine walls and, and in the future - or.

Causes

Pathological tension of the muscle layer of the posterior wall of the uterus can occur due to the following factors:

• , which, in turn, can occur with insufficient development of the genital organs, excessive production of male hormones (androgens), excessive production of the hormone prolactin;
• pathological changes in the wall of the uterus:,;
• viral diseases (including);
• or ;
• inflammatory diseases uterus and ovaries;
• negative;
• overstretching of the muscles of the uterus that occurs or;
• heavy physical work;

important The likelihood of hypertonicity along the back wall also depends on the age of the woman: the risk of this disorder is increased if the expectant mother is not 18 years old or more than 30 years old.

Symptoms of hypertonicity of the posterior wall of the uterus

The development of hypertonicity of the posterior wall of the uterus is not always accompanied by the appearance of pronounced symptoms. In some cases, this violation can be detected only during the passage of ultrasound. However, the presence of hypertension can be suspected if the following symptoms occur:

• pain ;
• the appearance of pain;
• increased pain during exercise or under;
• a feeling of tension ("petrification") in the uterus, which can be felt, as a rule, in the last months of pregnancy.

dangerously With the further development of hypertonicity, it may appear from the genital organs, which is very an alarming symptom Therefore, it is necessary to determine in time and undergo the prescribed treatment in time.

Diagnostics

The most common diagnostic method for suspected development of hypertonicity of the posterior wall of the uterus is ultrasound. With the help of this procedure, the doctor gets the opportunity to assess the condition of the uterine walls, determine their thickness and possible stress.

During the ultrasound, the specialist also determines for the purpose of possible detection or opening of the pharynx.

If signs of hypertonicity are found, the expectant mother may be recommended additional examinations, including a blood test and some other hormones.

In addition, an experienced doctor can establish the presence of hypertension by palpation of the abdomen.

Ways to relieve hypertonicity of the posterior wall of the uterus

In the event of a sudden appearance of signs of hypertonicity along the posterior wall, it is advisable to take the following measures preventing the occurrence of complications:

• refuse to perform any physical or mental activity, accept horizontal position body;
• relax the muscles of the body as much as possible, especially the muscles of the face;
• try to give the body a position in which the uterus will be in the most free position: for example, on all fours. In this position, you can perform several movements: for example, slowly bend your back while raising your head. After a few seconds, you can return to the starting position and repeat the exercise.

important In this case, you should definitely contact medical institution for examination and prescription of medication.

• reception hormonal drugs in case of detection of signs of deficiency of certain substances;
• the appointment of drugs that have a sedative (calming) effect;
• taking antispasmodics;
• the appointment of drugs containing magnesium (for example,). The specified trace element contributes to the normalization of metabolism and the elimination of excess tension of any muscle groups;
• bed rest.

Dangers and Complications

With untimely access to a medical institution and the absence of effective treatment, if there are signs of hypertonicity of the posterior wall of the uterus, the following serious complications may occur:

• a significant decrease in blood flow due to narrowing of the lumen of the vessels of the uterus under the influence of excessive, which leads to the occurrence of fetal hypoxia;
• : the risk of such a pregnancy outcome increases significantlywhen the formation of the main systems and organs of the embryo (fetus) occurs;

In some cases, a woman preparing to become a mother develops hypertonicity of the uterine myometrium. This is a dangerous situation that requires special treatment and constant monitoring by a gynecologist. The proposed material will tell about all the nuances of this pathology, treatment and prevention.

The uterus is a muscular organ. Therefore, it has the ability to contract and stretch as the fetus grows. Multilayer walls The uterus gives strength to this organ and protects the fetus during fetal development.

Myometrium is the middle thickened muscular layer of the uterine wall, which has complex structure. The main composition of the myometrium is formed by smooth fibrous muscle. Its complement is elastic fibers and connective tissue fibers.

Myometrial hypertonicity is not a disease. In a woman, the uterus periodically tenses and contracts throughout the menstrual cycle. In the normal state, such changes in tone in most cases occur imperceptibly. After all, this is a natural process. However, during gestation, many of the usual processes are perceived by the female body as pathologies.

The tone of the myometrium is the degree of its tension. Based on this, they differ:

• weakened, or hypotension;
• normal, or normotonus;
• elevated, or hypertonicity.

During pregnancy, the uterus is in a relaxed state under the influence of hormones. This is necessary for normal development the fetus and providing the necessary space for it. Therefore, excessive tension of the muscular layer of the uterus - myometrium, is unacceptable during the period of intrauterine maturation of the fetus.

During the prenatal period, the uterus gradually tightens. The beginning of the birth process is characterized by intense contractions of the uterine muscles. In this way, the fetus is pushed out and its smooth passage through birth canal.

Localization of pathology

Hypertonicity also varies in prevalence. Both local and ubiquitous (total) hypertonicity of the myometrium is observed. In any case, increased tone is dangerous and requires specialist supervision and special treatment.

Total hypertonicity spreads throughout the uterus. Symptoms given state similar to signs of local hypertonicity. An additional sign is a pathologically hard spherical abdomen.

The main causes of the phenomenon

Very often, hypertonicity of the myometrium is observed during pregnancy. In late pregnancy, moderate hypertonicity occurs under the influence of fetal movements. Usually this process is localized on the back wall of the uterus.

In this case, this state is normal reaction uterus for changes associated with fetal development. The need for application medical procedures in such cases, the doctor determines. This is done after general inspection future mother, anamnestic conversation with her, as well as studying the state of the uterus using ultrasound.

Various neoplasms on the surface of the uterine tissues often cause overstrain of the myometric layer. After all, the presence of fibroids or polyps does not allow the embryo to develop normally. The uterine walls due to these neoplasms lose their elasticity. The result is hypertonicity.

In addition to pregnancy, there are other reasons that cause an increase in the tone of the myometric layer. It can be:

• infectious infection;
• structural neoplasms - adenomyosis nodes, polyps, fibroids, etc.;
• congenital malformations of the uterus;
• venereal diseases;
• lack of sleep and rest;
• nervous overload, stressful situations;
• metabolic disease;
• malnutrition;
• excessive physical activity;
• constant wearing of uncomfortable shoes with very high heels;
• bad habits;
• dysfunction of the physiological defense of the body;
• deterioration in health.

Therefore, only periodic visits to the gynecologist and Attentive attitude to the state of their health, especially in the early stages of pregnancy, when the risk of miscarriage is very high.

Characteristic symptoms

The main symptoms of a pathological increase in myometrial tone are vaginal discharge mixed with blood and dull It's a dull pain in the pelvic area. Blood, as a rule, is allocated in small quantities. Mostly in the form of veins or small drops.

Hypertonicity of the anterior wall of the uterus is manifested by symptoms such as:

• aching pain in the lower abdomen;
• pain in the perineum;
• frequent departure of natural needs.

Hypertonicity of the myometrium of the posterior wall of the uterus is most often asymptomatic. A similar condition is determined during examination on the gynecological chair and by means of ultrasound.

A woman in this case may feel:

• pain in the pelvic area;
• distension in the lower abdomen;
• lumbar pain.

Pain in the pelvic area can be permanent or temporary. Primarily pain syndrome can be eliminated with medicines. It is strictly forbidden to take them without the permission of a doctor during gestation.

In the early stages of pregnancy, pain caused by increased tension in the muscle tissues of the uterus is localized in the region of the anterior wall. As the fetus grows and the uterus enlarges, the intensity of pain gradually decreases, until they completely disappear.

In the prenatal period, pain caused by hypertonicity can be felt in the fundus of the uterus. Most dangerous signal on the this stage- Vaginal discharge with an admixture of blood. Usually they have a shade from pale pink to light brown. This situation can cause fetal loss.

With an increase in the tone of the myometrium during this period, the stomach of the expectant mother becomes pathologically hard. There is a feeling of hardening of the uterus. This causes discomfort or pain of varying intensity during normal movements.

Change in tone under the influence of hormones

Changes during gestation hormonal background female body. The normal balance of hormones involves an increase in progesterone levels and a decrease in estrogen levels. This creates the necessary conditions for proper development fetus. Even a slight imbalance of these hormones can provoke uterine bleeding and spontaneous abortion.

Estrogen is required to ensure the elasticity of the walls of the uterus. It regulates the tone of this organ and is responsible for the activity of her uterine muscles. The hormone is a normalizer of intrauterine development and the reproductive process.

Applied treatment

During the period of gestation, the treatment of myometrial hypertonicity is undertaken only in particularly difficult cases. Basically, if there is a risk of pathological termination of pregnancy or sharp deterioration general condition future mother and her baby.

The main signs that require immediate appeal see a specialist, it's vaginal discharge unusual color, possibly bloody, or severe pain in the abdomen, lower back and other parts of the body. In such a situation, treatment is carried out only in a hospital setting.

Outpatient treatment is undertaken if the hypertonicity is moderate, with periodic tension of the myometrium.

Pledge successful treatment in this case, the correct identification of the causes that cause an increase in tone, and the exact determination of the localization of tension - on the cervix, wall, bottom of the uterus or everywhere.

The main means used to restore the normal tone of the myometrium:

1. Antispasmodics - Papaverine, Droverin, No-shpa.
2. Calming agents - tincture of valerian or motherwort, Trioxazine, Sibazol, Nozepam.
3. Tranquilizers - Halcyonin, Diazepam.
4. Magnesium Sulfate - 25% solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection.
5. Tocolytics: Ipradol, Ginipral.
6. Means that improve the blood supply to the uterus: Curantyl, Trental.
7. Drugs that reduce the contractile dynamics of the uterus: Brikanil, Patrusisten.
8. Means for restoring hormonal balance - Utrozhestan, Duphaston.
9. Painkillers.
10. Hepatoprotectors - Essentiale, Hofitol.
11. Drugs to improve metabolism - Riboxin, Actovegin.

All medicines are prescribed by a doctor. It is strictly forbidden to take them without consulting a specialist or to spontaneously interrupt the treatment process.

Possible complications for the fetus

Myometrial hypertonicity in early pregnancy often leads to spontaneous rejection of the fetus or to its intrauterine death. In the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, myometrial hypertonicity provokes the development of placental insufficiency. This, in turn, causes oxygen starvation fetus. As a result, the normal intrauterine development of the future baby is disrupted, the correct formation of individual systems and organs of a small organism. As a result, the risk of having an unhealthy child with various congenital pathologies and diseases.

In late pregnancy, myometrial hypertonicity causes premature onset of labor and the birth of a premature baby. This is because, under the influence of a tense myometrium, ICI develops, i.e., isthmic-cervical insufficiency.

The cervix and isthmus of the uterus experience significant overload. After all, the weight of the child during this period increases markedly. Therefore, the uterus may open ahead of schedule pushing the fetus into the birth canal. Premature birth begins.

Placental exfoliation is another dangerous consequence of myometrial hypertonicity, especially if the placenta is too low. As a result, the fetus does not receive vital substances and may eventually die.

Mode Correction

At home, the expectant mother with hypertonicity of the myometrium must observe bed rest. Physical exercise, nervous experiences, sexual relations should be limited as much as possible.

When tense sensations appear in the uterus that occur in late pregnancy, special relaxing exercises are recommended. Specific exercises will help choose a doctor observing a woman during pregnancy. With expert advice, future mom will be able to independently reduce the tension of the uterine muscles, bringing the uterus to a normal state.

Preventive actions

The following measures will help to avoid the appearance of hypertonicity of the myometrium during pregnancy:

• lack of excessive physical activity;
• peace of mind;
• positive emotions;
• special gymnastics for expectant mothers;
• use of a bandage in late pregnancy.

The future mother should pay special attention to her own health. After all, not only health, but also the life of the unborn baby directly depends on this. Therefore, compliance with the regimen, dosing loads, restful sleep and walks on fresh air are a necessary condition for the absence of hypertonicity of the myometrium, the calm course of pregnancy and the normal birth process.

The food of a pregnant woman should be rich in magnesium, vitamins, useful substances. Foods that cause flatulence should be limited. To avoid constipation and other disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, drinking enough fluids will help.

The period of gestation and preparation for childbirth is a very important and difficult moment for a woman's body. Therefore, the expectant mother should be under the constant supervision of a specialist. This will allow timely detection and elimination of many dangerous situations, including the increased tone of the main reproductive organ- uterus.