What HRT drugs are the cheapest. Hormone replacement therapy for menopause - all the pros and cons

HRT preparations for menopause of a new generation should be used only under medical supervision. All disorders at this time are due to a lack of female sex hormones. HRT is the main mechanism for the appearance of pain. With hormone therapy, it is necessary to strive for a minimum dose. medicines, providing the amount of estrogen and facilitating well-being.

Features of treatment

Complex of drugs HRT latest generation during menopause, it helps to relieve a woman of the symptoms of menopause, preventing the development of osteoporosis. Treatment is carried out only after a complete diagnosis of the patient. With HRT, this examination is performed every year. During the diagnosis, the gynecologist assesses the condition mammary glands, features of the structure of the uterus and genital organs.

With the onset of menopause, the dosage of drugs decreases. But their use continues under medical supervision. What drugs can hormone replace the patient's condition, the gynecologist chooses on an individual basis. To date, pharmacies offer various hormonal preparations for the treatment of menopause. This makes it possible to produce optimal choice for any patient. If the woman's uterus is not removed, then the gynecologist prescribes the latest generation remedy, which contains the minimum amount of progestogens and estrogens.

During menopause, the patient may be prescribed several methods of treatment:

• long-term treatment is aimed at getting rid of serious pathologies in the cardiovascular system, central nervous system. HRT lasts 3-5 years, rarely up to 12 years;
• short-term therapy is aimed at getting rid of the symptoms of menopause, which is not complicated by severe depression, hormonal drugs are used for 1-2 years.

The type of HRT is determined taking into account the complications and the degree of symptoms. If a woman follows all the doctor's prescriptions, she will be able to achieve a positive effect in a short time. With the help of the latest drugs, hormone replacement therapy for menopause helps to reduce nervous excitement, hot flashes, restores mucous membranes, relieves pain.

Medications

If a woman has had her uterus removed, then cyclic or continuous estrogen monotherapy is prescribed. The new generation of hormonal HRT preparations for menopause include a patch and a gel with estradiol (Estrogel, Divigel). The gel is treated every day with the skin in the abdomen or buttocks. If a patch is used, then it must be glued to the skin once a week.

If a woman has uterine dysfunctional bleeding, uterine fibroids, then hormone replacement therapy is recommended for menopause with the help of gestagens. As a rule, the Mirena intrauterine system is used, which is presented in the form of a spiral.

A woman can be prescribed such new hormonal drugs as Provera, Utrozhistan, Duphaston. If the patient has a uterus and there are no diseases of this organ, then the treatment is carried out with combined drugs in a constant or cyclic mode (Divina, Fimoston, Klimonorm, Angelik).

All listed medicines should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor. And there may be such side effects:

• a sharp change in mood;
• weight gain;
• pain in the breasts and abdomen;
• nausea;
• headache;
• diarrhea;
• vomit;
• weakened sexual desire;
• puffiness;
• breast augmentation;
• hives;
• skin rashes.

In rare cases, there is an increase in libido, rapid weight gain, discharge from the vagina and mammary glands, erythema. During the appearance of these symptoms, you will need to consult a gynecologist. If there are certain indications, the specialist cancels the remedy, changes the dose or regimen.

Since during menopause a woman’s body does not produce enough estrogen, but there is an excessive amount of progesterone, taking hormonal drugs allows you to normalize general state women. With the help of HRT, you can eliminate the following symptoms of menopause:

• increased blood pressure - a systematic violation of the nervous system, during which mood swings are noted;
• dry mucous membranes - the total content of sex hormones in the blood decreases, this negatively affects reproduction and urination, the mucous membranes become thinner, which provokes a burning sensation in the vagina;
• hot flashes - an increase in temperature, which is accompanied by anxiety, palpitations, increased sweating.

Hot flashes are a pronounced symptomatology of menopause, which is caused by a violation in the body's thermoregulation in a woman's work of the hypothalamus. The doctor may prescribe one or a combination of medicines to the patient. These drugs are manufactured under various brand names. Funds for HRT are divided into groups that differ in the way they are used:

• suppositories;
• injections;
• pills.

The method of administration of the drug is chosen separately in each case. As a rule, tablets are used.

This drug belongs to the anticlimacteric group. This remedy contains two active ingredients - gestagen and estrogen, their effect is aimed at getting rid of menopausal symptoms and preventing the development of a malignant tumor of hyperplasia and endometrium.

The unique composition of the drug and adherence to the scheme of application allow you to normalize the monthly cycle in patients who have not undergone a hysterectomy procedure.

The active ingredient estradiol in the female body replaces the lack of natural estrogen during menopause. This helps to eliminate psychological and autonomic diseases that occur during menopause due to a decrease in sexual activity and a decrease in testosterone. At correct use drugs can achieve a reduction in the appearance of deep wrinkles, increasing the amount of collagen in the tissues of the epidermis. In addition, the tool reduces the risk of developing gastrointestinal diseases and the amount of cholesterol in the blood.

During an incomplete monthly cycle or rare bleeding, treatment should be done from the 5th day after the start of the critical days. During the appearance of amenorrhea at the beginning of menopause, therapy can be performed at any time, provided that the woman is not pregnant.

One pack of medication is designed for a three-week course of therapy. To achieve the desired effect, you need to take the drug, taking into account the prescribed treatment. When using increased dosages of the drug, side effects may occur, which are manifested by bleeding not associated with menstruation, vomiting, and disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. You can get rid of the unpleasant symptoms of an overdose with the help of systematic therapy.

If the patient has no contraindications, then hormone replacement therapy during postmenopause involves the use of this combined biphasic drug. The two active ingredients that are in the composition of this drug - progesterone and estradiol, have the same effect on the woman's body as natural hormones.

Together, the active elements help:

1. Prevention of the appearance of osteoporosis, malignant neoplasms in the area of ​​hyperplasia and the uterus.
2. Getting rid of psycho-emotional disorders.
3. Relief of vegetative symptoms.

Femoston in the form of tablets should be taken daily at the same time interval. Treatment must be carried out taking into account the developed scheme. In the first 14 days, it is recommended to take hormones in white tablets. For the next 14 days of therapy, gray tablets should be used.

For patients with a predominant monthly cycle, therapy should occur from the first day of menstruation. For women who have failures in the monthly cycle, a course of treatment with the help of Progestogen is first prescribed, after the use of Femoston, taking into account the required scheme. Patients with a complete absence of menstruation are allowed to use the medicine at any time.

To achieve the desired effect, female hormones must be taken strictly following the prescribed treatment, the only way to delay old age and improve overall well-being.

Phytopreparation Klimadinon

This remedy contains phytohormones in its composition. It is used to eliminate menopausal symptoms and treat vegetovascular diseases, if there are obvious contraindications and it is forbidden to use hormones during menopause.

The duration of the course and the treatment regimen are developed taking into account the personal characteristics of the female body.

Angelique with menopause

Angeliq, like the drug Klimonorm, are drugs for menopause that can improve well-being and get rid of unpleasant symptoms.

Angelique is used for:

1. Getting rid of unpleasant symptoms during hot flashes and reducing the frequency of their occurrence.
2. Restoration of general well-being.
3. An increase in the amount of testosterone and, accordingly, the restoration of sexual activity.
4. Prevention of the development of osteoporosis.

However, there are contraindications. It is forbidden to use this drug in the presence of such factors:

1. Venous thrombosis, high blood pressure, diabetes.
2. Malignant neoplasms in the region of the mammary glands.
3. Bleeding from the vagina of unknown origin.

The product contains all the hormones required during menopause, which are an ideal solution for normalizing hormonal balance or improving well-being, especially for patients over 50 years old.

The composition of this hormonal agent contains the active substance estradiol at a dosage of 3.8 mg. The patch is glued to a certain place of the skin, then the release of the active element begins and a general improvement in well-being. One patch should not be used for more than a week. It just needs to be replaced with a new one, without fail changing the fixation site.

Under the influence of this drug, the amount of testosterone in the body increases, which has a beneficial effect on improving libido and psycho-emotional state. There are no special contraindications for use, but it is recommended to consult a doctor before using it.

HRT involves the use of pills that consist of phytoestrogens. Herbal hormones are required if the patient has contraindications to the use of hormonal agents. Medicines in this group contain phytohormones that actively eliminate the symptoms of menopause. And no side effects are noted.

The natural remedies included in HRT include:

1. Remens.
2. Qi-Klim.
3. Estrovel.

The list of medicines listed above are made in the form of dietary supplements and homeopathic medicines. They are used for about 20 days. Therefore, the treatment of HRT with non-hormonal agents lasts longer in time, in contrast to the use of hormones.

At the same time, it is advised to eat foods that are enriched with fiber. Only in this way a positive result of HRT is observed. Phytoestrogens act slowly against the symptoms of menopause, but they have a cumulative property. Therefore, after the completion of treatment, the woman is not subject to the “withdrawal syndrome”. Moreover, the hormonal level is maintained at the required level. These drugs are used in the dosage prescribed by the gynecologist. Do not increase or change the dose. Otherwise, the general condition will worsen or side effects will appear.

Menopause is absolutely no reason to end a normal life. But you need to give up unhealthy habits, as they increase the risk of developing heart disease and osteoporosis during menopause. Women are required to eat normally, move actively and rest. With HRT, in 90% of cases, clinical symptoms are reduced or completely disappear.

Menopause is an inevitable phenomenon for women who have crossed the 45-year mark. Aging of the body is a large-scale process in which hormones play a decisive role. substitution hormone therapy(drugs for women over 45) is a topical method of eliminating physical and psychological discomfort with proven effectiveness.

What is HRT

The Balzac age is characterized by pronounced age-related changes unpleasant for any woman. These are not only cosmetic problems in the form of deterioration of the skin, hair and nails. Hormonal restructuring of the body, observed at this age, is characterized by a decrease in the level of hormones secreted by the adrenal glands, depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve, the appearance of osteoporosis, and psycho-emotional instability.

The search for the elixir of youth is a problem that has been relevant for thousands of years. Hormone replacement therapy in the form of the use of drugs for women after 45 years - effective way prolong youth and preserve the quality of life. HRT in women can be seen as a deception of the body, which is no longer able to produce the necessary hormones on its own. How dangerous is the use of hormones replacement therapy for the female body?

Facilities mass media contain conflicting information about the rationality of the use of hormones.

A negative attitude towards the appointment of HRT drugs appeared due to the following circumstances:

• the risk of interference with the natural aging processes of the body with the risk of hormonal regulation disorders;
• insufficient awareness of the population about the effectiveness and safety of new generation HRT;
• fear of side effects;
• the assumption that synthetic analogs of hormones cannot be dosed without knowing the real need for them in the body;
• fear of developing oncology against the background of the use of hormone replacement agents.

You can understand where the myth is and where the reality is by understanding the mechanism of action of hormones.

To ensure the coordinated work of the body while maintaining a constant internal environment, the hormonal system functions on the principle of feedback between the systems of the body and the brain (pituitary gland, hypothalamus).

The releasing hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus stimulates the production of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones. They, in turn, provoke the production of sex hormones. These include the following:

1. Estrogen. They stimulate the proliferation of the endometrium, the epithelium of the vaginal mucosa, control the growth of the mammary glands, and maintain the elasticity of blood vessels. Directly affect the preservation of female beauty, skin tenderness.
2. Progesterones. Smooth out the proliferative action of the hormone estrogen. Participate in the preparation of the body for pregnancy or a full course menstrual cycle.
3. Androgens. Participate in the synthesis of estrogen, blood and liver proteins, regulate blood glucose levels. These hormones are responsible for sexual desire, aggression, initiative.

The imbalance of hormones observed with age-related changes is provoked by the following factors:

• depletion of the follicular reserve and hormonal dysfunction as a result of aging;
• decreased sensitivity of the hypothalamus to hormones;
• hereditary factor (genetic predisposition);
• violation of the metabolism of hormones in the body;
• surgery, organ removal reproductive system(ovaries, uterus, appendages);
• uncontrolled intake of hormonal drugs.

Indications for the appointment of HRT

Deficiency of sex hormones threatens the development of menopausal symptoms with varying degrees of severity. The most common indications for the appointment of hormone replacement therapy include the following circumstances.

1. Severe menopausal manifestations in the form of hot flashes, chills, hyperhidrosis, palpitations, increased blood pressure, migraine. Vegetative disorders of memory, sleep, depression, decreased libido are typical manifestations of menopause.
2. Removal of the uterus, ovaries, appendages contributes to the onset of artificial menopause. In this case, hormone replacement therapy for women in the form of the latest generation of drugs is vital.
3. Disorders of the genitourinary system in the form of pain when urinating, false calls, urinary incontinence, the appearance of dryness and burning in the intimate area.
4. Prolapse of the uterus and vagina as a result of hormonal deficiency.
5. Violation of metabolic processes in organs and tissues (severe swelling due to difficulty in removing fluid from the body, increased blood glucose levels).
6. Structural changes in the epidermis (dryness, peeling, hair loss and brittleness, delamination of the nail plates, the appearance of deep wrinkles).
7. Development systemic diseases endocrine, nervous system (diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease). In this case, a special approach to prescribing the treatment regimen and determining the dosage is required. At genetic predisposition to osteoporosis HRT is necessary protection for bone tissue.

Hormone therapy can be of 2 types:

1. Short-term (3-6 months). Its goal is to eliminate or prevent menopausal syndrome (including those arising from the use of various drugs).
2. Long (5-7 years). It is aimed at preventing the development of late menopausal manifestations against the background of existing systemic diseases.

Preparations

The list of new generation drugs with proven effectiveness includes:

Properly prescribed hormone therapy after removal of the uterus (hysterectomy), fallopian tubes, ovaries is of great importance. Even young women who have undergone surgery feel everything. unpleasant moments climacteric syndrome as autonomic dysfunctions(hot flashes, night sweats, irritability). With a removed uterus, estrogen can be used in its pure form, without worrying about the likelihood of oncology.

Drugs that are indicated for use as hormone replacement therapy after surgery.

Important Aspects

According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the appointment of hormone replacement drugs is indicated in the period of premenopause and menopause with severe symptoms and after the cessation of menstruation. If an acceptable level of estrogen is detected during the diagnostic process, then hormone treatment can be delayed for some time. As an alternative, antidepressants, vitamin therapy, and agents that correct autonomic disorders are used.

It is much more difficult to adjust the treatment regimen after the age of 60, since at this age the effectiveness of hormone therapy decreases markedly. For elderly women, an increased content of hormones is dangerous for the body if there are diseases of the liver, kidneys, stomach, and the hematopoietic system.

In recent years, homeopathic remedies have become especially popular. Women prefer to take herbal preparations with the fewest side effects. However, the effectiveness of such a drug is highly questionable. Homeopathic remedies do not give the expected result in violations of the cardiovascular system. They are absolutely not effective in osteoporosis, even in combination with calcium preparations.

Search effective remedy against the background of existing contraindications, it is often difficult even for an experienced specialist. The decision to use hormone replacement drugs after age 45 is an individual decision, which without fail agree with the doctor. Sometimes consulting a gynecologist is not enough. For help, you can turn to an endocrinologist, psychotherapist, oncologist.

The use of any drug presents a certain risk to the body. The search for an effective remedy and the development of an individual treatment regimen is the task of the attending physician.

After the use of hormones, side effects may occur in the form of:

• severe headaches;
• the appearance of puffiness;
• muscle spasms;
• dyskinesia of the gastrointestinal tract;
• rapid fatigue;
• dryness of the intimate area;
• blood clotting disorders.

Like any drug, hormonal drugs have a list of side effects. This creates the prerequisites for limiting their use.

Contraindications for HRT are as follows:

• bleeding of unknown etiology;
• operated breast cancer;
• malignant tumors or suspicion of them;
• precancerous conditions (dysplasia);
• varicose disease;
• thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• stones in the gallbladder;
• violation of the synthesis of fats in the liver upon ingestion of food (external use is indicated);
• liver damage (hepatitis, cirrhosis);
• rheumatism;
• severe form of diabetes;
• kidney failure;
• epilepsy;
• bronchial asthma;
• obesity;
• individual intolerance.

The appointment of hormone replacement therapy should be preceded by a thorough diagnosis of the body. In addition to a gynecological examination, it is imperative to examine the mammary glands. Cytological examination of cervical mucus, analysis of blood clotting, exclusion of pregnancy are also included in the complex of previous diagnostics. A comprehensive examination and adequate therapy contribute to the elimination of unpleasant symptoms of menopause, preserve the social and sexual activity of a woman.

The hormonal background in a woman's body is constantly changing throughout life. With a lack of sex hormones, the course of biochemical processes is complicated. Can only help special treatment. The necessary substances are introduced artificially. In this way, the vitality and activity of the female body is extended. Drugs are prescribed according to an individual scheme, since, if you do not take into account the possible consequences, they can adversely affect the condition of the mammary glands and genital organs. Decision to conduct similar treatment taken on the basis of examination.

Hormones are regulators of all processes occurring in the body. Without them, hematopoiesis and the formation of cells of various tissues is impossible. With their lack, the nervous system and brain suffer, serious deviations in the functioning of the reproductive system appear.

There are 2 types of hormone therapy used:

1. Isolated HRT - treatment is performed with drugs containing a single hormone, for example, only estrogens (female sex hormones) or androgens (male).
2. Combined HRT - several substances of hormonal action are simultaneously introduced into the body.

There are various forms of issuing such funds. Some are in gels or ointments that are applied to the skin or inserted into the vagina. Medicines of this type are also available in the form of tablets. It is possible to use special patches, as well as intrauterine devices. If long-term use of hormonal agents is required, they can be used in the form of implants inserted under the skin.

Note: The goal of treatment is not the complete restoration of the reproductive function of the body. With the help of hormones, the symptoms resulting from the improper flow of the most important life-supporting processes in a woman's body are eliminated. This can significantly improve her well-being, avoid the appearance of many diseases.

The principle of treatment is that in order to achieve maximum success, it must be prescribed in a timely manner, until hormonal disorders have become irreversible.

Hormones are taken in small doses, and natural substances are most often used, rather than their synthetic counterparts. They are combined in such a way as to reduce the risk of negative side effects. Treatment is usually long-term.

Video: When hormonal treatment is prescribed for women

Indications for the appointment of HRT

Hormone replacement therapy is prescribed in the following cases:

• on the onset of a woman early menopause due to the depletion of the ovarian reserve and a decrease in estrogen production;
• when it is necessary to improve the condition of a patient over the age of 45-50 if she develops age-related menopausal ailments (hot flashes, headaches, vaginal dryness, nervousness, decreased libido, and others);
• after removal of the ovaries, carried out in connection with purulent inflammatory processes, malignant tumors;
• in the treatment of osteoporosis (the appearance of repeated fractures of the limbs due to a violation of the composition of the bone tissue).

Estrogen therapy is also prescribed for a man if he wants to change sex and become a woman.

Contraindications

The use of hormonal drugs is absolutely contraindicated if a woman has malignant tumors of the brain, mammary glands and genital organs. Hormonal treatment is not carried out in the presence of diseases of the blood and blood vessels and a predisposition to thrombosis. HRT is not prescribed if a woman has had a stroke or heart attack, and also if she suffers from persistent hypertension.

An absolute contraindication to such treatment is the presence of liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, as well as allergies to the components that make up the drugs. Hormone treatment is not prescribed if a woman has uterine bleeding of an unknown nature.

Such therapy is not carried out during pregnancy and during lactation. There are also relative contraindications to the use of such treatment.

Sometimes, despite the possible negative consequences of hormone therapy, it is still prescribed if the risk of complications of the disease itself is too great. So, for example, treatment is undesirable if the patient has migraines, epilepsy, fibroids, as well as a genetic predisposition to breast cancer. In some cases, there are restrictions on the use of estrogen preparations without the addition of progesterone (for example, with endometriosis).

Possible Complications

Replacement therapy for many women is the only way to avoid severe manifestations of a lack of hormones in the body. However, the effect of hormonal agents is not always predictable. In some cases, their use can lead to increased blood pressure, blood clotting and the formation of blood clots in the vessels. various bodies. There is a risk of exacerbating existing cardiovascular diseases up to a heart attack or cerebral hemorrhage.

Possible complication of gallstone disease. Even a small overdose of estrogen can provoke cancerous tumor in the uterus, ovary, or breast, especially in women over 50 years of age. The occurrence of tumors is more often observed in nulliparous women who have a genetic predisposition.

Hormonal shift leads to metabolic disorders and a sharp increase in body weight. It is especially dangerous to carry out such therapy for a period of more than 10 years.

Video: Indications and contraindications for HRT

Preliminary diagnostics

Hormone replacement therapy is prescribed only after special survey with the participation of such specialists as a gynecologist, mammologist, endocrinologist, therapist.

Blood tests are carried out for coagulability and the content of the following components:

1. Pituitary hormones: FSH and LH (regulating the functioning of the ovaries), as well as prolactin (responsible for the condition of the mammary glands) and TSH (a substance on which the production of thyroid hormones depends).
2. Sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone).
3. Proteins, fats, glucose, liver and pancreas enzymes. This is necessary to study the metabolic rate and the state of various internal organs.

Mammography, osteodensitometry ( X-ray examination bone density). In order to make sure that there are no malignant tumors of the uterus, a Pap test (cytological analysis of a smear from the vagina and cervix) and transvaginal ultrasound are performed.

Carrying out replacement therapy

The appointment of specific drugs and the choice of treatment regimen is made purely individually and only after a complete examination of the patient has been carried out.

The following factors are taken into account:

• age and period of life of a woman;
• the nature of the cycle (if there is menstruation);
• the presence or absence of the uterus and ovaries;
• the presence of fibroids and other tumors;
• presence of contraindications.

Treatment is carried out using various techniques, depending on its goals and the nature of the symptoms.

Types of HRT, drugs used

Monotherapy with drugs based on estrogen. It is prescribed only to women who have undergone a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), since in this case there is no risk of developing endometrial hyperplasia. HRT is carried out with drugs such as estrogel, divigel, proginova or estrimax. Treatment begins immediately after the operation. It continues for 5-7 years. If the age of the woman who underwent such an operation approaches the menopausal age, then the treatment is carried out until the onset of menopause.

Intermittent cyclic HRT. This technique is used during the period of the onset of symptoms of premenopause in women under 55 years of age or with the onset of early menopause. A combination of estrogen and progesterone simulates a normal menstrual cycle of 28 days.

For hormone replacement therapy, in this case, combined agents are used, for example, femoston or climonorm. In the package of klimonorm there are yellow dragees with estradiol and brown ones with progesterone (levonorgestrel). Yellow pills are taken for 9 days, then brown pills for 12 days, after which they take a break for 7 days, during which menstrual-like bleeding appears. Sometimes combinations of estrogen-containing and progesterone drugs (eg, estrogel and utrogestan) are used.

Continuous cyclic HRT. A similar technique is used in the case when menstruation in a woman of 46-55 years is absent for more than 1 year (that is, menopause has come), there are quite serious manifestations of menopausal syndrome. In this case, hormonal drugs are taken for 28 days (there is no imitation of menstruation).

Combined cyclic intermittent HRT estrogens and progestins are carried out in various modes.

It is possible to carry out treatment in monthly courses. At the same time, it begins with the daily intake of estrogen preparations, and from the middle of the month, progesterone-based products are also added to prevent overdose and the occurrence of hyperestrogenism.

A course of treatment lasting 91 days may be prescribed. At the same time, estrogens are taken for 84 days, progesterone is added from day 71, then a break is taken for 7 days, after which the treatment cycle is repeated. Such replacement therapy is prescribed for women aged 55-60 who have postmenopausal.

Combined permanent estrogen-progestin HRT. Hormonal drugs taken without interruption. The technique is used for women over 55 years old, and after 60 years of age, the doses of drugs are reduced by half.

In some cases, a combination of estrogens with androgens is carried out.

Examinations during and after treatment

The types and doses of drugs used may change when signs of complications appear. In order to prevent the appearance dangerous consequences, during therapy, the patient's health status is monitored. The first examination is carried out 1 month after the start of treatment, then after 3 and 6 months. Subsequently, a woman should be seen by a gynecologist every six months to check the condition of the reproductive organs. It is necessary to regularly undergo mammological examinations, as well as visit an endocrinologist.

Blood pressure is controlled. A cardiogram is taken periodically. Held biochemical analysis blood to determine the content of glucose, fats, liver enzymes. Blood clotting is checked. In the event of serious complications, treatment is adjusted or canceled.

HRT and pregnancy

One of the indications for prescribing hormone replacement therapy is the onset of early menopause (this sometimes happens at 35 and earlier). The reason is the lack of estrogen. The growth of the endometrium, to which the embryo must attach, depends on the level of these hormones in the woman's body.

Patients of childbearing age are prescribed combined drugs (femoston most often) to restore hormonal levels. If the level of estrogen can be increased, then the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity begins to thicken, while in rare cases, conception is possible. This can happen after a woman stops taking the drug after a few months of treatment. If there is a suspicion that pregnancy has occurred, it is necessary to stop treatment and consult a doctor about the advisability of maintaining it, since hormones can adversely affect the development of the fetus.

Addition: A woman is usually warned before starting treatment with such drugs (in particular, femoston) about the need for additional use of condoms or other non-hormonal contraceptive devices.

HRT preparations can be prescribed for infertility caused by the absence of ovulation, as well as during IVF planning. A woman's ability to bear children, as well as the chances of a normal pregnancy, are assessed by the attending physician individually for each patient.

(HRT) for women provides an opportunity to improve the quality of life, but is an interference with the mechanism endocrine system. Understanding essence of HRT allows you to make the right decision about its need.

Hormone replacement therapy for menopause

So, are they needed at all for women after 40 and older? The need for hormone therapy for women during menopause and the pre-menopausal period in our country continues to be not the most popular way to avoid problems associated with age-related changes. Many gynecologists, and even their patients, are of the opinion that if menopause does not create acute problems, then you can do without such treatment. But there is another point of view supported by practice.

In the West, hormonal preparations for gynecological purposes have been quite actively used for about three decades, significantly helping women to look and feel better. And in order to determine for yourself whose opinion is more correct, you should familiarize yourself with the essence of the processes and actions of HRT in the woman’s body and find out which hormonal drugs should be taken during menopause.

For most people, menopause is its external manifestations. Changes in appearance: the skin becomes dry, less elastic, weight is gained, posture changes. Changes in behavior - irritability increases, the tendency to despondency and depression increases, mood swings become more frequent. Changes in well-being - headaches may become more frequent and intensify, sweating and so-called hot flashes occur, sexual desire decreases. Some women develop urinary incontinence, when physical effort or a strong cough can provoke delayed urination.

Preservation of a certain state of the body and its normal functioning is provided by a self-regulating hormonal system. It connects the organs of internal secretion, the nervous and cardiovascular systems, the musculoskeletal system. Moreover, all these parts of the body are interdependent - a change in one internal factor cannot leave others unchanged. So, in particular, the hypothalamus produces a certain hormone that causes the anterior pituitary gland to produce another hormone that stimulates the activity of the ovaries. And the estrogens produced by the ovaries, in turn, regulate the activity of the hypothalamus.

Both natural and caused by surgery or disease, it is characterized by the extinction of the reproductive system. The ovaries begin to produce less first progesterone, then estrogen, which affects the state of the body as a whole. A decrease in the content of some hormones necessarily affects the level of others, and so on. It is this period of restructuring that is especially difficult for the body, and the results of the changes most often have a negative effect.

Side effects from HRT

• Deterioration of the condition of the genitourinary system. In addition to involuntary urination, this may be vaginal dryness, which makes it difficult to have sexual contact, and painful urination. Some women suffer from intermittent pain syndrome.
• Climacteric syndrome - sweating and hot flashes, palpitations, instability of the psycho-emotional sphere and blood pressure. As a result, there are pains in the heart, sleep and memory disorders, headaches.
• Metabolic disorders, resulting in a decrease in appetite with an increase in body weight, swelling of the tissues of the face and limbs, as well as a deterioration in the condition of the skin and its appendages. The body's tolerance to glucose may decrease, which is fraught with development.
• Deterioration of the skin, hair, nails. The skin becomes dry and flabby, damage heals worse. Increased hair loss and brittleness. Brittle nails may develop.
• Decreased bone mineral density, leading to bone fragility and osteoporosis (typical of the late period).
• Atherosclerosis - very often progresses in women just after the onset of menopause.
• Coronary artery disease.
• - an incurable disease caused by the death of the neural systems of the brain and characterized by a deterioration in memory, thinking, will (also characteristic of the late period).

Do I need HRT

Replacement hormone therapy. Photo: promesyachnye.live

Hormone therapy for menopause and menopause is justified by the very nature of developing pathologies. Its main goal is to prevent, reduce, or at least reduce disruptions in the functioning of body systems and individual organs. Helps reduce the risk of developing many diseases caused by insufficiency of sex hormones. This will help to avoid the health and well-being problems that are characteristic of the onset of menopause, to avoid or delay the onset of some pathological conditions that are characteristic of old age. In fact, HRT should improve the quality of life during perimenopause and menopause, delay the onset of the senile state. In most cases, it does not increase life expectancy.

In order to confidently determine which hormonal drugs should be taken during menopause and whether it is possible to do without hormone therapy in this case, you should make sure that the woman absolutely calmly endures the onset of menopause. Moreover, in old age, attention should also be paid to possible new changes associated with further hormonal disorders, for example, fragility of bones or changes in the psycho-emotional background, intelligence.

Hormones play an important role in a woman's life from the onset of puberty to old age. Therefore, in women, the dependence on the hormonal background is more significant than in men. Each change in hormone levels is fraught with many consequences, sometimes very serious. Therefore, when prescribing HRT, all the pros and cons should be taken into account in the complex and with an eye to future prospects.

At the very beginning, the consequences of taking hormonal drugs in women were not very successful. After achieving the first positive result, such as an improvement in the appearance of well-being, thrombosis, tumors, and other negative consequences sometimes developed.

Over the past decades, pharmacists, in collaboration with gynecologists and other specialists, have developed a more gentle concept of HRT, providing a subtle and individual approach. A certain selection of hormones will even allow you to restore cyclic bleeding, if the state of the uterus allows it, but for women over 40-45 years old this is already undesirable, since it will almost certainly lead to a significant hormonal imbalance.

First of all, modern hormonal pills for women have a fairly low dosage of active ingredients, which allows you to smoothly restore hormonal levels close to normal. Manufacturers focus on averages, but at the same time they strive to produce hormonal drugs in several types of dosage for various cases. After all, each woman has her own natural level of hormonal levels, and the effect of hormonal drugs on a woman's body in each case will be somewhat different.

Side effects when using drugs for women after 45

• Taking hormonal drugs for smoking women is fraught with an increase in the content of platelets in the blood, and this is a serious risk of blood clots and even a stroke.
• Increase in body weight. But this does not happen to all women, so it may be the result of incorrectly chosen therapy and the characteristics of the body.
• The risk of development increases when taking estrogen in those who already have such a risk. Therefore, for those women whose uterus has not been removed, it is recommended that estrogens and gestogens be taken simultaneously. The gestogenic component will reduce the risk of developing cancer, though along the way it will also reduce the positive effect of estrogens on the heart.
• An unsuccessfully selected drug or an incorrectly chosen dosage may not balance the hormonal background, but provoke an imbalance, but in the other direction. The result can be a feeling of swelling or pain in the mammary glands, emotional instability, and sleep disturbances.

HRT contraindications. Photo: health-kz.com

• Previously transferred or microstroke,.
• Elevated platelet count, thrombosis.
• and kidneys, serious diseases of these organs.
• High levels of triglycerides in the blood.
• Hypertonic disease.
• The presence of oncological formations in the female genital organs, including the mammary glands.
• for the drug.
• Cutaneous porphyria tardive (hepatic porphyria) is a skin pathology characterized by brown pigmentation, blistering of the skin, vulnerability and atrophy of the skin.

Types of HRT

cyclic

It is used mainly in the perimenopausal or postmenopausal period. With regular menstruation and the absence of estrogen-dependent endometrial problems - estrogen + progestogen (for example) daily, starting from the 1st day of the menstrual cycle. With delays in menstruation and healthy endometrium - gestagens (for example) 10-14 days, then starting from the 1st day of the cycle - Femoston or a similar drug. With problems of the endometrium, treatment is necessary, after which a decision is made on the possibility of HRT. It is usually recommended to start with a low dosage, in the absence of a noticeable effect, an increase in dosage is possible. In the absence of menstruation for more than a year and the absence of endometrial problems - estrogen + progestogen from any day. If necessary, a preliminary intake of estrogen + progestogen for 10-14 days can be prescribed.

Monophasic

It is used for women over 50 years old, with an endometrial thickness of less than 4 mm and no problems with the endometrium and bleeding. It is recommended to start after the end of the next cycle of the cyclic mode of HRT. The choice of drug depends on the state of the woman's body and the reaction to previously taken drugs.

It is also worth noting that HRT is often carried out as part of complex therapy symptoms and consequences of menopause. In addition to hormonal drugs, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, antidepressants, and drugs that prevent a decrease in bone density can be prescribed.

If the first scientific work in this area allowed the use of hormone replacement drugs for decades - from the onset of perimenopause to very old age. Now the official point of view is completely different. If the ideal time to start a full-fledged HRT is still considered the first few months, a maximum of the first year and a half from the onset of premenopause, then the duration of therapy is proposed to be limited to about 5 years. To eliminate the so-called hot flashes - from a year to two. For the prevention of osteoporosis and coronary artery disease - up to 5 years. Although some women today have been using HRT for a longer period of time and are generally satisfied with the results. But they absolutely need to constantly monitor the state of the body - check the level of hormones, examine the condition of the genital organs, and possibly periodically do a blood test for the content of tumor markers.

There is also a well-supported opinion that HRT should be started several years after the end of menstruation with even greater caution. But it is quite real.

In any case, the decision to start hormone replacement therapy drugs for women after 45 should only be taken by a doctor after studying the state of health of the woman and taking into account the results of the examination. Every woman planning HRT should be aware that any treatment carries both positive and negative factors, and therapy should be agreed with a clear predominance of benefits over risks.

Important: in no case do not select the drug on your own and without examination! No one can be completely confident in the state of their health and internal organs, in the absence of a predisposition to cancer or thrombosis. HRT - only according to the results of the examination and under regular medical supervision.

How to normalize the hormonal background of a woman with folk remedies

Hormone replacement therapy for women. Photo: naturmedicin-svendborg.dk

Those who continue to be wary of hormonal drugs are interested in how to even out the hormonal background in a woman with folk remedies and how realistic is it? The most relevant are plants that help eliminate the symptoms of menopause. helps to relieve hot flashes, reduce pain, has a calming effect. During perimenopause, oregano tea helps to mitigate hormonal fluctuations. Women who do not suffer from drops in blood pressure can be recommended a decoction of dill seeds, which improves bowel activity, relieves sleep disturbances and hot flashes.

There are also a number of plants containing substances similar in composition and effect on the body to the hormones produced by a healthy female body. The effect of these substances is usually much milder and weaker than the effect of hormonal drugs, however, with regular use, it can help to more easily survive the onset of menopause.

A small list for those who are interested in how to normalize a woman's hormonal background with folk remedies:

1. Red clover containing the phytoestrogen coumestrol and the isoflavones biochanin-A and formononetin.
2. Soy. Contains daidzein and genistein - phytoestrogens from the group of isoflavones, the breakdown of which releases aglycone, which exhibits estrogenic activity similar to that of estradiol.
3. Alfalfa, a relative of red clover, also contains coumestrol and formononetin.
4. Flaxseed contains special phytoestrogens, which are converted in the body into enterodiol and enterolactone, which exhibit estrogenic activity.
5. contains a phytoestrogen from the group of isoflavones - glabridin, in high doses tends to suppress the development of cancer cells.
6. Red grapes and red wine contain the phytoestrogen resveratrol, which has a strong antioxidant effect.

There are also other folk remedies facilitating menopause, for example, vegetable juices, some bee products, but their effect is almost always weaker than that of hormonal drugs and less directed.

• Hormone therapy drugs for menopause
• Drug regimens
• Side effects of HRT and contraindications to its use

In women for the prevention and correction pathological disorders associated with menopause, various non-drug, drug and hormonal agents are used.
Over the past 15-20 years, specific hormone replacement therapy for menopause (HRT) has become widespread. Despite the fact that for a very long time there were discussions in which an ambiguous opinion was expressed on this issue, the frequency of its use reached 20-25%.

What is HRT

Hormone replacement therapy is a course of treatment to restore the deficiency in the body of sex hormones of the steroid group.

Most women during menopause at an early stage have symptoms of menopausal syndrome.

First this:

• increased sweating;
• hot flashes;
• increased fatigue;
• sleep disturbance;
• memory loss.

Later appears:

• urinary incontinence;
• excess weight gain;
• arthritis;
• fragility of bones, nails and dry skin.

To prevent such manifestations, HRT is used. It replenishes sex hormones in a woman's body. This allows the body to function normally. The climax comes without discomfort and consequences.

Experts believe that the patient must complete the intake of hormonal drugs by the age of 60, otherwise the development of oncological diseases is possible.

pros

HRT was previously prescribed to relieve the symptoms of the transition period to menopause. The course was short.

Appointed for:

• sleep disturbance and vaginal dryness;
• night sweats;
• hot flashes and urinary incontinence;
• urethritis and cystitis.

Now new generation drugs can be prescribed for a long time. This is important because at least 5 years of estrogen treatment is required to prevent osteoporosis.

Minuses

With prolonged use of drugs, the risk of developing a myocardial infarction or stroke may increase, coronary disease heart muscle. HRT promotes intravascular coagulation.

If the use of drugs is prescribed for 4-5 years, then there is a risk of developing malignant neoplasms in the ovaries and mammary glands of the patient.

To minimize the negative effects of HRT, women are prescribed taking into account individual features and factors provoking the development of a malignant tumor, thrombosis and vascular diseases.

Hormone therapy - pros and cons

The negative attitude of individual scientists and practitioners is justified by the following statements:

• the danger of interference in the "fine" system of hormonal regulation;
• inability to develop correct treatment regimens;
• interference with the natural aging processes of the body;
• the impossibility of accurate dosing of hormones depending on the needs of the body;
• side effects of hormone therapy in the form of the possibility of developing malignant tumors, cardiovascular diseases and vascular thrombosis;
• the lack of reliable data on the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of late complications of menopause.

Mechanisms of hormonal regulation

Preservation of the constancy of the internal environment of the body and the possibility of its adequate functioning as a whole is provided by a self-regulating hormonal system of direct and feedback. It exists between all systems, organs and tissues - the cerebral cortex, nervous system, endocrine glands, etc.

The frequency and duration of the menstrual cycle, the onset of menopause are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system. The functioning of its individual links, the main of which are the hypothalamic structures of the brain, is also based on the principle of direct and feedback between each other and with the body as a whole.

The hypothalamus constantly secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a certain pulsed mode, which stimulates the synthesis and release of the anterior pituitary gland of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones (FSH and LH)). Under the influence of the latter, the ovaries (mainly) produce sex hormones - estrogens, androgens and progestins (gestagens).

An increase or decrease in the level of hormones of one link, which is also influenced by both external and internal factors, respectively, entails an increase or decrease in the concentration of hormones produced by the endocrine glands of other links, and vice versa. This is the general meaning of the feed-and-feedback mechanism.

Rationale for the need to use HRT

Menopause is a physiological transitional stage in a woman's life, characterized by involutive changes in the body and the extinction of the hormonal function of the reproductive system. In accordance with the classification of 1999, during the menopause, starting at 39-45 years and lasting up to 70-75 years, there are four phases - premenopause, menopause, postmenopause and perimenopause.

The main triggering factor in the development of menopause is the age-related depletion of the follicular apparatus and the hormonal function of the ovaries, as well as changes in the nervous tissue of the brain, which leads to a decrease in the production of progesterone and then estrogen by the ovaries, and to a decrease in the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to them, and hence to a decrease in synthesis of GnRg.

At the same time, in accordance with the principle of the feedback mechanism, in response to this decrease in hormones in order to stimulate their production, the pituitary gland “responds” with an increase in FSH and LH. Thanks to this “boosting” of the ovaries, the normal concentration of sex hormones in the blood is maintained, but already with a tense function of the pituitary gland and an increase in the blood content of hormones synthesized by it, which is manifested in blood tests.

However, over time, estrogen becomes insufficient for the corresponding reaction of the pituitary gland, and this compensatory mechanism is gradually depleted. All these changes lead to dysfunction of other endocrine glands, hormonal imbalance in the body with manifestation in the form of various syndromes and symptoms, the main of which are:

• climacteric syndrome occurring in premenopause in 37% of women, in 40% - during menopause, in 20% - 1 year after its onset and in 2% - 5 years after its onset; climacteric syndrome is manifested by a sudden feeling of hot flashes and sweating (in 50-80%), attacks of chills, psycho-emotional instability and unstable blood pressure(usually increased), palpitations, numbness of the fingers, tingling and pain in the heart, memory impairment and sleep disturbances, depression, headache and other symptoms;
• genitourinary disorders - decreased sexual activity, dryness of the vaginal mucosa, accompanied by burning, itching and dyspareunia, pain when urinating, urinary incontinence;
• dystrophic changes in the skin and its appendages - diffuse alopecia, dry skin and increased fragility of nails, deepening of skin wrinkles and folds;
• metabolic disturbances, manifested by an increase in body weight with a decrease in appetite, fluid retention in the tissues with the appearance of pastosity of the face and swelling of the legs, a decrease in glucose tolerance, etc.
• late manifestations - a decrease in bone mineral density and the development of osteoporosis, hypertension and coronary heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc.

Thus, against the background of age-related changes in many women (37-70%), all phases of the menopause may be accompanied by one or another dominant complex of pathological symptoms and syndromes of varying severity and severity. They are caused by a deficiency of sex hormones with a corresponding significant and steady increase in the production of gonadotropic hormones of the anterior pituitary - luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH).

Hormone replacement therapy for menopause, taking into account the mechanisms of its development, is a pathogenetically substantiated method that allows preventing, eliminating or significantly reducing dysfunction of organs and systems and reducing the risk of developing serious diseases associated with a deficiency of sex hormones.

Indications

New generation HRT drugs reduce the risk possible complications to a minimum.

Assign funds for:

• menopause in women under 40;
• brightly pronounced signs menopause;
• the desire of the patient to eliminate unpleasant symptoms;
• surgical menopause after removal of the reproductive organs;
• treatment of a malignant tumor after chemotherapy;
• the development of pathologies that appeared against the background of menopause (hypertension, urinary incontinence, atherosclerosis).

HRT with menopause at 40

There are ways to help delay withering and be content with life, preserve the beauty and youth of a woman.

Help is hormone replacement therapy, based on which drugs are prescribed to minimize symptoms:

• sedatives normalize mood and emotional background;
• medicines that affect the cardiovascular system - lower blood pressure, stabilize the pulse;
• drugs to help cope with urinary incontinence;
• calcium-based medicines that prevent brittle nails and hair;
• ointments and gels, which contain plant and hormonal components, normalize intimate life.

Another option is phytotherapy. It consists in the treatment of herbs and medicines containing their extracts. Such plants have active action on the female body. Medicinal extracts and complexes of phytohormones cope with menopause.

How they accept

The choice of the drug, its dosage, scheme and duration of the course is selected only by the gynecologist. It takes into account the results of the study of the hormonal background of the patient and the general state of her health.

Admission rules:

• medications are taken at the same time of the day (as prescribed by the doctor);
• hormonal agents are prescribed daily or cyclically, that is, 21 days with seven-day breaks;
• you can not independently change the prescribed dosage or the drug itself;
• if the drug is missed, then the usual dose should be taken within 12 hours, and the next pill at the strictly appointed time;
• you can not take hormone replacement drugs for life;
• during treatment, you should visit a gynecologist at least twice a year.

HRT with artificial menopause

Unnatural menopause stops the production of female physiological hormones, especially estrogen.

HRT during this period may also help cure:

• uterine myoma;
• uterine bleeding;
• endometriosis;
• slow down the development of oncological processes.

Artificial climax is divided into:

• surgical;
• ray;
• drug.

Substitution therapy smooths out the uneven transition from normal life to menopause, alleviates the condition, and reduces the risk of complications. When removing the uterus, estrogen monotherapy is prescribed in a cyclic or continuous regimen. Suitable drugs: estradiol gel Estrogel, Divigel. Use them once a week.

With uterine myoma, uterine bleeding appointed:

• monotherapy with gestagens;
• Mirena intrauterine device;
• Utrozhestan, Duphaston, Provera.

The course of therapy is 14 days.

Side effects of hormones

HRT has not only a positive effect on the condition of a woman, but also causes dangerous disorders in her body and side effects.

It could be:

• weakness, headache, fatigue;
• acne and seborrhea;
• muscle spasms in the lower extremities;
• increased appetite;
• weight gain;
• abdominal pain, nausea;
• soreness of the mammary glands, as well as the development of cancerous tumors in them;
• vaginal dryness, menstrual bleeding;
• thrombosis.

Recipes with a hog uterus for HRT

Effective recipes from the upland uterus at home help reduce the severity of menopause symptoms.

1. Water infusion. You need to take 1 tbsp. dry boron uterus and pour into a mug of hot water, wait until it cools down for about 20 minutes. Filter and take half a cup 3 times a day before a snack. Use no longer than 2 weeks.
2. Alcohol tincture. You need to grind 2 tbsp. boron uterus, add alcohol 40 ° 1 cup. Put everything in a container and close tightly. Insist in a dark place for 14 days. After a while, drink 30 drops before a snack 3 times a day. Dilute the tincture with boiled water, slightly warm. The course of treatment is no more than 14 days.
3. Decoction. In 300 ml of boiling water, add 2 tbsp. dry raw materials. Boil for 5 minutes, turn off the heat, cover and leave for 0.5 hours. Drink half a glass 3 times a day before meals. You can also douche with this decoction at night, but only in a warm form.

Contraindications

HRT can not be prescribed for certain diseases.

The list is quite large:

• oncological diseases;
• ovarian endometriosis;
• uterine bleeding;
• bleeding of unknown etiology;
• diabetes mellitus in a complicated form;
• chronic diseases of the liver and kidneys;
• autoimmune pathologies;
• diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
• blood clotting disorders;
• individual intolerance to hormonal drugs.

If the use of hormonal pharmaceuticals is necessary, then a specialist should choose a useful and safe remedy.

Contraindications to the use of GZ-drugs

It is forbidden to carry HRT with:

• the presence of a malignant tumor;
• the presence of acute thromboembolic disease and thrombosis;
• the presence of renal and hepatic insufficiency;
• the presence of diabetes;
• the occurrence of an autoimmune disease;
• bleeding of an unknown nature;
• the presence of high sensitivity to the drugs used;
• high risk of developing epilepsy, bronchial asthma, rheumatism;
• pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Possible Complications

Long Scientific research HRT preparations have shown that serious complications are possible during treatment. The risk persists even after hormone withdrawal.

Estrogen increases the risk of developing endometrial cancer. Preparations containing both progesterone and estrogen provoke the appearance of a malignant tumor in the mammary glands. The risk is higher the longer the woman takes the medication. Additionally, hormone treatment increases the density of the mammary glands, which complicates the detection of tumors.

Combination drugs increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer. After discontinuation of treatment, it decreases to normal.

Except oncological diseases, HRT increases the risk of blood clots and gallstones.

Useful properties of sage for HRT

Tea with the addition of Sage improves blood, stimulates vascular tone, and reduces the intensity of sweating.

1. tea drink- Prepared from dried sage leaves. You need to put 2 tsp in a cup. dry leaves of grass, and add boiled water. Wait 0.5 hours to insist. This healing tea is consumed at least 3 times a day, 1 cup. The taste can be changed by adding a little lemon juice and a small spoonful of honey. If you drink such tea with nutmeg, then the effect of therapy from this will increase.
2. Sage infusion. You need 2 tbsp. put dried herbs in a container and pour 600 ml of boiled water into it, put on a small fire. Such a solution should boil no more than 6 minutes. Once cool, take this tincture throughout the day.

Take funds for 3 - 4 weeks, then take a break for 3 weeks.

Sage has useful properties:

• astringent;
• anti-inflammatory;
• antibacterial;
• antispasmodic;
• wound healing;
• anti-sweat;
• thermoregulating.

Rating of hormones

Preparations for hormonal therapy for menopause are divided into 2 groups: estrogen-containing and combined (with progesterone). Most medicines have a high rating.

All HRT preparations contain estradiol. It is the leading hormone from the estrogen group. There are separate preparations with gestagen, a hormone that normalizes irregular menstrual cycles. Some also contain the hormone progesterone.

Estrogens

They contain only one hormone - estrogen, which is necessary to support the health of a woman after removal of the uterus.

For therapy use:

• Premarin;
• Triaclim;
• Esterlan;
• Estrimax;
• Estrovel.

To obtain the desired result, tablet hormones should be drunk only according to the scheme prescribed by the doctor.

Progestins

Combination medicines contain estrogen and progesterone. They are prescribed for an unremoved uterus.

• Divina;
• Klymen;
• Klimonorm;
• Ovidon;
• Angelique;
• Femoston.

The blister may contain 21 or 28 tablets.

Features of treatment

A complex of HRT drugs of the latest generation during menopause helps to relieve a woman of the symptoms of menopause, preventing the development of osteoporosis. Treatment is carried out only after a complete diagnosis of the patient. With HRT, this examination is performed every year. During the diagnosis, the gynecologist assesses the condition of the mammary glands, structural features of the uterus and genital organs.

With the onset of menopause, the dosage of drugs decreases. But their use continues under medical supervision. What drugs can hormone replace the patient's condition, the gynecologist chooses on an individual basis. To date, pharmacies offer various hormonal preparations for the treatment of menopause. This makes it possible to make the best choice for any patient. If the woman's uterus is not removed, then the gynecologist prescribes the latest generation remedy, which contains the minimum amount of progestogens and estrogens.

During menopause, the patient may be prescribed several methods of treatment:

• long-term treatment is aimed at getting rid of serious pathologies in the cardiovascular system, central nervous system. HRT lasts 3-5 years, rarely up to 12 years;
• short-term therapy is aimed at getting rid of the symptoms of menopause, which is not complicated by severe depression, hormonal drugs are used for 1-2 years.

The type of HRT is determined taking into account the complications and the degree of symptoms. If a woman follows all the doctor's prescriptions, she will be able to achieve a positive effect in a short time. With the help of the latest drugs, hormone replacement therapy for menopause helps to reduce nervous excitement, hot flashes, restores mucous membranes, relieves pain.

Is it possible to replace hormones with phytohormones

When using HRT, you may experience allergic reaction or signs of individual intolerance to drugs. To avoid unpleasant symptoms, doctors recommend plant hormones. They also relieve the symptoms of menopause.

Hormone replacement phytoestrogens include:

1. Klimadinon. The active ingredient is an extract of cymifugi-racimose. Reduces the intensity of hot flashes, eliminates the lack of estrogens. Therapy lasts at least three months.
2. Femicaps. Contains soy lecithin, vitamins, magnesium, passionflower, primrose. It normalizes the content of estrogens, corrects the psychological state of a woman, improves the mineral-vitamin balance.
3. Remens. Contains sepia, lachesis, cimicifuga extract. It has a tonic effect, eliminates the lack of estrogen. 2 courses of 3 months are assigned.

Complex hormonal preparations for HRT

Complex hormonal drugs include:

1. Klimonorm. Restores estrogen levels, and helps reduce autonomic and psycho-emotional menopausal symptoms. It can be prescribed in case of removal of the ovaries, menopausal syndrome, atrophy of the mucous membranes and skin, sphincters of the bladder. The course of therapy is 21 days.
2. Femoston. Normalizes estrogen deficiency in the body. Provides slow aging of the skin. Produces vaginal lubrication, slows down hair loss. It is useful to apply in case of urogenital atrophy, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases. The course of therapy is 28 days, 1 tablet per day.

Non-hormonal methods

An alternative to HRT are non-hormonal methods used when it is impossible to apply hormonal medications. The group includes only natural phytoestrogens.

herbal supplements

List of biologically active additives consists of many various drugs. The names of the most effective dietary supplements are presented in the table:

vitamins

With a competent approach to the selection of supplements for menopause, doctors recommend taking additional vitamins.

It is advisable to use them to remove certain symptoms:

1. Vitamins E, C, group B. Indicated for hot flashes with reddening of the skin and increased sweating.
2. Vitamin A. Reduces dryness and thinning of the vaginal mucosa.
3. Vitamin D. Necessary for the prevention of osteoporosis, changes in the mineral composition of bones.
4. Vitamins K, B6, E. Prevent skin aging. Normalize night sleep and mood of a woman.

Dietary supplements and vitamins are not able to have a negative impact and harm the body. They do not contribute to the development of malignant tumors and blood clots in the vessels.

HRT after removal of the uterus and ovaries

Consequences in which HRT may be useful:

• the appearance of a depressive state;
• inability to sleep well and work fully;
• change in hormone levels.

The course of hormone treatment can be started 2-3 months after the operation.

It is harmful to use HRT in cases of:

• severe vascular pathologies;
• a long history of bad habits;
• after the treatment of malignant tumors;
• high risk of exacerbation of kidney and liver disease.

If dangerous factors are excluded, the woman is prescribed one of the drugs:

1. Klimonorm: brings the hormonal level closer to the natural background in the body of a woman. The course of treatment consists of 3 weeks with a break for 1 week.
2. Femoston: eliminates the symptoms of menopause, stops the development of osteoporosis. Can be taken daily for 4 weeks.
3. Klymen: prescribed to women experiencing symptoms of ongoing changes in the body: hair growth on the face, a change in the timbre of the voice, a change in figure to masculine forms. Helps with hair loss, improves skin, promotes weight loss. It is necessary to take the medication in cycles of 3 weeks with an interruption for 1 week.

Reviews

Nina, 51 years old, Pskov: “When menopause began, my health worsened. I began to fall asleep badly, mood swings intensified, nervousness appeared. She had many chronic pathologies. Reported them to the doctor. They prescribed vitamin B9 and dietary supplements. The situation has improved markedly.”

Nadezhda, 45 years old, Malaya Vishera: “I have an early menopause. The state of health has worsened, at work I am embarrassed by hot flashes and heat. Has passed or has taken place inspection. The doctor prescribed hormone therapy with new generation pills. He said that once every 6 months it is necessary to come for an examination. I feel fine.”

Svetlana, 53 years old, Orsk: “I suffered from headaches and hot flashes for more than 2 years. I was afraid to take hormones, because I found out that weight could increase. In a pre-infarction condition, she was admitted to the hospital, where hormone therapy was prescribed. Thanks to the doctors for prescribing the latest generation of drugs. I advise all women to listen only to specialists, and not to self-medicate.

Opinions for and against the use of HRT for menopause are divided. Many patients do not trust even the new generation of drugs. Experts are confident that timely treatment will only benefit

New generation drugs prescribed for HRT during the menopause can very smoothly remove the unpleasant symptoms of menopause and not harm the woman's health.

Grass red clover instead of estrogen-containing drugs

Making one of the red clover recipes at home can help replace pharmaceutical products natural.

1. Tincture helps reduce hot flashes, eases mood and normalizes the functionality of the whole body. It will take 3 small spoons of crushed raw materials and 200 ml of boiled hot liquid, leave for 1 hour. Then filter and drink 100 ml four times a day before a snack for 30 minutes.
2. tea drink improves mood and normalizes normal sleep. You need to mix dried leaves of clover, linden, raspberries, strawberries 5 g each and add 0.7 liters of boiling water. Infuse for about 15 minutes and drink like regular tea.
3. douching normalizes the mucous surface of the vagina and eliminates dryness. It is necessary to pour 40-45 g of clover into 1.5 liters of boiled water, insist for 60-70 minutes. Then strain and use the product once a day for 1 week.

Classification and list of drugs

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can be systemic or local. Local therapy is indicated for the treatment of urogenital disorders and does not affect the general condition of the body. Systemic therapy consists in taking hormonal pills.

There are several groups of hormonal drugs. A wide range creates certain difficulties in their choice. The choice depends on many factors - the age of the woman, the duration of menopause, concomitant diseases.

The table shows groups of hormonal drugs with a short description and a list of drugs.

Types of HRT, drugs used

Preparations containing hormones are divided according to the types of replacement therapy. Combined drugs include: Klimonorm, Femoston, Pauzogest, Cyclo-Progenova, etc.

Interesting video:

Klimonorm

The drug has two main components estrogenic and gestagenic. The first is aimed at eliminating negative psycho-emotional and vegetative symptoms. It's a sleep disorder excessive sweating, overdrying of the vaginal mucosa, emotional instability. The second is responsible for preventing the occurrence hyperplastic processes and endometrial cancer.

The medicine is available in boxes of 21 tablets on three plates. Nine tablets have yellow, as they contain estradiol valerate in a mass fraction of 2 mg. They are accepted first. The remaining twelve tablets are brown in color and, along with two milligrams of estradiol valerate, contain another 150 mg of levonorgestrelol. Take the drug in courses of one tablet per day with seven-day breaks. During this period, small discharges, similar to menstruation, should begin. In the case of a preserved menstrual cycle, take tablets from the fifth day of menstruation.

It has affordable price and costs in the range of 730-800 rubles, freely sold in the pharmacy chain. Its action is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of menopause, absolutely does not affect the increase in body weight, normalizes the psycho-emotional state. The disadvantages include the appearance of menstrual flow in the middle of the cycle, constant daily intake, the occurrence of pain in the mammary glands, acne.

Femoston

This drug available with different content of progestogen and estrogen components. There are types of Femoston 1/5, Femoston 2/5, Femoston 2/10. Let's take a look at the last option. This medicine is available in a package of 28 pieces, divided in half: 14 pink and yellow tablets each.

Roses contain 2 mg of estradiol hemihydrate. AT yellow pills 10 mg of dydrogesterone was added to two milligrams of estradiol.

The course of treatment consists of four weeks of daily intake of one tablet. There is no break between courses.

Femiston 2/10 in pharmacies is dispensed by prescription and has a cost of 900-1000 rubles. Its action is aimed at relieving the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes, excessive sweating, etc. The negative aspects include the sudden onset of heavy menstruation, the appearance of headaches, and weight gain.

pausegest

Produced in a carton box of 28 tablets per blister. Each tablet contains 2 mg of estradiol and 1 mg of norethisterone acetate. The drug is taken daily on an ongoing basis, one tablet, starting from the fifth day from the start of the menstrual cycle.

Puzogest has a very high efficiency in the relief of menopausal symptoms, and also prevents endometrial hyperplasia and osteoporosis.

The disadvantages of the drug are its high price and frequent absence from pharmacy shelves. During treatment, swelling and painful condition of the mammary glands and the appearance of sudden uterine bleeding are observed.

Cyclo-Proginova

Issued in cardboard boxes 21 tablets. For primary administration, 11 tablets are white and contain 2 mg of estradiol valerate. The remaining 10 tablets have a light brown coating and consist of estradiol with the addition of 0.15 mg of norgestrel. This drug is taken for three weeks, then there is a break for seven days. This break should start bleeding similar to menses.

Cyclo-Proginova refers to affordable drugs and costs 830-950 rubles. To positive qualities include the complete elimination of the symptoms of menopause, the restoration of sexual desire, the relief of headaches. The negative aspects include: the need for constant reception, tk. effectiveness is observed only during the course of treatment, pain in the mammary glands, flatulence, swelling.

Preparations based on the content of one hormone - estrogen. These include: Divigel, Menorest, Estrogel, etc.

Divigel

This tool is available in the form of a gel containing estradiol hemihydrate of 0.5 or 1 mg. The drug is used once a day by applying to clean areas of the skin. Area of ​​application: lower abdomen, lower back, shoulders, forearms, buttocks. The area covered by the gel should not exceed the size of 1-2 palms. It is recommended to change the rubbing area every day. It is forbidden to apply the gel on the skin of the face, chest, genitals.

menorest

Also available as a gel based on estradiol. It is packaged in tubes with a dispenser. The principle of operation is similar to the Divigel.

estrogel

Gel for external use is sold in tubes with a dispenser, with a total weight of 80 g. One dose of the gel contains 1.5 mg active ingredient. It is prescribed to eliminate estrogen deficiency, as it has proven itself in the field of relieving menopause symptoms and restoring the cycle. The difficulty lies in the dosage and possible appearance mastodonia.

Carrying out replacement therapy

The doctor prescribes the hormone treatment algorithm only after a thorough examination of the patient, since the appointment of certain drugs is purely individual.

Exist common factors influencing the doctor's decision:

• age and social and social activity;
• the state of the menstrual cycle, the presence of menstruation;
• the state of the reproductive system;
• the presence of fibroids and other cancers;
• contraindications.

The most common myths about replacement therapy in women

Many women refuse hormone replacement therapy because they are guided by myths that are widespread among the inhabitants. Here are the most common myths:

• Drugs are addictive. In fact, no addiction occurs, because the hormonal background fades on its own. It is only necessary to change the drug or dosage in time to maintain normal health.
• Hormones cause obesity. Indeed, imbalance of hormones leads to weight gain. The culprit is excess testosterone. But hormonal therapy, on the contrary, brings weight back to normal. Some weight gain will occur, but the IMS will meet health criteria.
• Oncology will develop. Cell division is a feature of the human body. Neoplasms occur both when taking hormonal drugs, and without them. Excess estrogen does cause various tumors, but with a well-chosen dosage, hormones will be a good prevention of cancer of the reproductive organs in menopause.

Basic drugs

Among the drugs for HRT, there are several main categories:

Estrogen-based products, names:

1. Ethinylestradiol, Diethylstilbestrol. They are oral contraceptives and contain synthetic hormones.
2. Klikogest, Femoston, Estrofen, Trisequens. They are based on the natural hormones estriol, estradiol and estrone. To improve their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, hormones are presented in a conjugated or micronized version.
3. Klimen, Klimonorm, Divina, Proginova. The drugs include estriols and estrone, which are ether derivatives.
4. Hormoplex, Premarin. They contain only natural estrogens.
5. Gels Estragel, Divigel and Klimara patches are intended for external use.. They are used in serious pathologies liver, pancreatic diseases, hypertension and chronic migraine.

Means based on progestogens:

1. Duphaston, Femaston. They belong to dydrogesterones and do not give metabolic effects;
2. Norkolut. Based on norethisterone acetate. It has a pronounced androgenic effect and is useful in osteoporosis;
3. Livial, Tibolone. These drugs are effective in osteoporosis and are in many ways similar to the previous drug;
4. Klimen, Andokur, Diane-35. Active substance- cyproterone acetate. It has a pronounced antiandrogenic effect.

Universal preparations containing both hormones. The most common are Angelique, Ovestin, Klimonorm, Triaklim.

positive effects of hormones

Hormonal treatment can eliminate such manifestations and consequences of menopause as menopausal syndrome, expressed in the following conditions:

• hormonal changes (decrease or complete cessation of estrogen synthesis in the ovaries);
• metabolic disorders (as a result - weight gain or loss, the development of hyperhidrosis, as well as degenerative joint pathologies and osteoporosis);
• genitourinary disorders (exacerbations of chronic gynecological diseases, vaginal atrophy, dyspareunia, nocturia, cystitis, decreased libido);
• vegetative disorders (periodic chills, chest pains, pressure surges, hot flashes during menopause);
• psycho-emotional disorders ( emotional lability- abrupt mood swings depressive states, sleep disorders);
• development of psychosomatic diseases.

Accompanying troubles are such "little things" as the deterioration of the skin of hair and nails:

• thinning and fragility of the nail plates;
• increased hair loss;
• the appearance of age wrinkles on the face.

To eliminate these threats, hormone therapy is prescribed that increases estrogen levels.

Selective estrogen receptor modulators: Evista

Selective estrogen receptor modulators are drugs that act selectively as estrogens in some (non-reproductive) tissues, while as antiestrogen in other (reproductive) tissues.

First medicinal substance of this group, temoxifen was discovered. It acted as an estrogen in relation to bone tissue (preventing the development of osteoporosis) and as an antiestrogen in relation to the mammary gland (suppressing cell growth - proliferation and their degeneration into cancer). A side effect of tamoxifen was considered to be its estrogenic effect on the endometrium - stimulating growth. Tamoxifen is used only as an antitumor agent in the treatment of breast cancer.

The next generation of selective estrogen receptor modulators is raloxifene. As estrogen, it has a positive effect on bone tissue, lipid metabolism (prevention of atherosclerosis) and the blood coagulation system (increased risk of thrombosis). How an antiestrogen affects the mammary gland without affecting the endometrium. Therefore, raloxifene is used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in menopause.

Raloxifene is produced by the pharmaceutical companies Lilly S.A., Spain and Daiichi Sankyo, Germany in tablets of 60 mg under trade name Evista. Take daily for a long time and under the control of laboratory blood tests.

How to Maintain Good Health with HRT

In the age category of 50-60 years, the hormonal background of a woman changes. With severe symptoms of menopause, they consult a doctor for the appointment of hormone replacement therapy and examination.

In connection with the consensus of experts, HRT is an effective anticlimacteric therapy. In a woman, the course of menopause is facilitated, unpleasant symptoms are eliminated, and the skin is rejuvenated. With the help of hormones, the body is maintained both internally and externally.

Gynecologists advise:

• do gymnastics: this type of exercise strengthens the body and helps restore normal weight;
• control body weight: you need to stick to a diet, eat more vegetable and light foods;
• lead the right order of life, give up bad habits;
• be attentive to vaginal discharge, to prevent serious diseases.

In the absence of contraindications, hormone therapy can be used by all women during menopause. The main goal of a specialist is to prescribe drugs for a woman with the correct dosage of gestagens and estrogens. Hormone replacement therapy can be started before the age of 60 in order to subsequently ease the symptoms of menopause.

The benefits of female estrogen tablets

The use of hormones helps to improve the quality of life. This is manifested in getting rid of the symptoms of menopause, normalizing sexual desire, increasing efficiency, and improving appearance.

Proper use of estrogens has long-term beneficial effects. This is due to the fact that the lack of female hormones leads to the development of such diseases:

• violation of carbohydrate metabolism - prediabetes, type 2 diabetes;
• changes in the content of fats in the blood - the risk of progression of atherosclerosis with hypertension, angina pectoris, increased risk of stroke and heart attack;
• loss of bone density - osteoporosis, its consequences are fractures of the vertebrae, head of the pelvic bone, wrist joint with minor trauma;
• atrophy (thinning and dryness) of the mucous membranes of the vagina and urinary tract;
• depression, mental disorders;
• urinary incontinence;
• accelerated skin aging;
• inflammation, destruction of cartilage, and intervertebral discs hindering movement.

Timely appointment of hormones (up to 60 years) prevents the occurrence of these pathologies, and also reduces the likelihood of age-related dementia (dementia) and Alzheimer's disease. If you take drugs at a later age, then the opposite effect is noted.

The protective effect of estrogens has also been noted for:

• obesity with a predominant deposition of fat in the abdomen;
• cancer of the cervix, endometrium (inner layer of the uterus);
• tumors of the intestine, stomach.

Places of fat deposition in women with menopause

Side effects of hormone replacement therapy

When using HRT for menopause, hormonal drugs can cause a number of side effects:

• migraine;
• exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases (nausea, liver pathology, biliary dyskinesia, digestive disorders);
• increased appetite (result - weight gain);
• severe fatigue and weakness;
• the appearance of acne and seborrhea;
• spasms of the limbs;
• development of thrombosis or thromboembolism;
• fluid retention in the body (appearance of edema of the face and body);
• painful breast engorgement and the risk of cancer (tumors);
• degenerative change in the vaginal mucosa (dryness or increased secretion of mucus, bleeding from the vagina);
• the appearance of periodic bleeding from the uterus of a menstrual nature;
• development of hyperplasia.

Why does menopause have so many symptoms?

The work of the mammary glands, genitals, brain, cardiovascular system, the condition of the skin and hair, the work of the liver, large intestine and genitourinary system depends on estrogen - the female sex hormone. The lack of this hormone, which is observed during menopause, immediately affects all systems in the body.

There are more than 30 symptoms that a woman faces due to menopause after 40 years.

The most common mistake modern women is that they are accustomed to letting everything take its course, especially if the symptoms are not pronounced. Like, and so it will pass. But at this time, a woman just needs to undergo the first diagnosis in order to start helping her body in a timely manner.

What examination will be needed?

Before the doctor selects a hormonal drug for a lady, she needs to undergo comprehensive examination which includes:

• a blood test for the level of sex hormones and follicle-stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland;
• blood chemistry;
• gynecological examination, which includes a procedure for determining the thickness of the endometrium;
• mammography;
• measurement of blood pressure;
• study of bone density.

Also, the doctor will calculate the patient's body mass index. After all, excess weight is a contraindication for HRT.

Features of the treatment of surgical menopause

artificial or surgical menopause occurs after the removal of the ovaries, which leads to the cessation of the production of female hormones. In such circumstances, HRT can significantly reduce the risk of complications.

The therapy includes such schemes:

1. After removal of the ovaries, but the presence of the uterus (if the woman is under 50 years old), cyclic treatment is used in such options - estradiol and cipraterone; estradiol and levonorgestel, estradiol and dydrogesterone.
2. For women over 50 years old - monophasic estradiol therapy. It can be combined with norethisterone, medroxyprogesterone, or drosirenone. Tibolone is recommended.
3. In the surgical treatment of endometriosis. To eliminate the risk of recurrence, estraradiol therapy is carried out in combination with dienogest, dydrogesterone.

Treatment of menopause with non-hormonal drugs

Expert opinions on the advisability of hormone therapy today differ. In addition, many women refuse to take hormone-containing drugs because they are afraid of their side effects, do not have the financial ability to constantly buy them, or for other reasons.

In such cases, you can use the treatment of menopause without hormones, which consists in the use of phytohormones, homeopathic medicines, dietary supplements, etc.

Homeopathic remedies for menopause

Homeopathy for menopause is very popular. The basis of the effect of homeopathic remedies is the activation natural mechanisms organism

Patients are prescribed small doses of substances that, in large doses, can lead to negative consequences.

Homeopathic remedies will help eliminate menopause symptoms such as:

• hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating);
• menopausal vertigo (dizziness);
• hot flashes during menopause;
• dryness of the mucous membranes of the vagina;
• mood swings;
• weight gain and others.

The benefits of homeopathy for menopause include the following:

• natural origin of the components;
• relatively low cost;
• there are practically no side effects, only an allergy to the components of the product;
• safety of use in the elderly.

Consider the most effective homeopathic remedies used for menopause.

• Remens - 580 rubles. The drug consists of soy phytohormones, which activate the synthesis of sex hormones at the level of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Remens effectively relieves a woman of hot flashes during menopause and prevents the appearance of vaginitis
  . In addition, with the help of Remens, you can prevent urinary incontinence and cystitis during menopause.
• Estrovel - 385 rubles. This preparation contains phytoestrogens of soy and wild yam, as well as a complex of vitamins and microelements
  . Estrovel allows you to reduce the number and reduce the intensity of hot flashes and sweating.
• Feminal - 670 rubles. This preparation contains liquid extracts of nettle, oregano, celandine, hawthorn, shepherd's purse herb, centaury, St. John's wort, thyme, celandine and calendula
  . Feminal helps to get rid of hot flashes, excessive sweating, emotional lability and dizziness during menopause, and women do not get better from this medicine.
• Climaxin - 120 rubles. This preparation consists of sepia, lachesis and cimicifuga
  . The action of Climaxin is mainly aimed at regulating vegetative-vascular disorders (insomnia, irritability, palpitations, excessive sweating, dizziness) during menopause.
• Klimakt-Hel - 400 rubles. This drug perfectly eliminates the symptoms caused by menopause.

Preparations for menopause of plant origin

Herbal preparations for menopause contain phytoestrogens - substances that can perform the function of female sex hormones and eliminate the symptoms of aging in the female body.

Today, the most effective and popular drug for menopause symptoms is Inoklim, which is a biological supplement based on phytoestrogens.

Inoklim effectively fights such menopausal symptoms as a feeling of heat in the body, dryness of the vagina, increased sweating, and also prevents the development of complications.

The drug has practically no contraindications and side effects. Inoklim is not prescribed only for those who are allergic to the substances that make up its composition.

Thus, we have analyzed what drugs to take with menopause in order to alleviate its symptoms. But drug therapy can and should be supplemented with proper and balanced nutrition, drinking enough fluids, playing sports, taking vitamin and mineral complexes.

Also, do not forget about the positive emotions that communication with loved ones, hobbies or needlework can give you.

Watch a video about drugs for menopause.

According to experts, the drugs of the new generation HRT are the best treatment for menopausal syndrome. The composition of the funds includes a minimum amount of synthetic hormones, which makes the drugs practically harmless and suitable for long-term use.

Consider reviews of hormonal drugs for menopause of a new generation.

What hormones are missing?

The result of the development of menopause is a sharp decrease in the ability of the ovaries to produce progesterone, and subsequently estrogen due to the degenerative shutdown of the follicular mechanism and changes in the brain nerve tissues. Against this background, the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to these hormones decreases, which leads to a decrease in the production of gonadotropin (GnRg).

The response is an increase in the work of the pituitary gland in terms of the production of luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones, which are designed to stimulate the production of lost hormones. Due to excessive activation of the pituitary gland, the hormonal balance is stabilized for a certain period of time. Then, the lack of estrogen affects, and the functions of the pituitary gland gradually slow down.

Decreased production of LH and FSH leads to a decrease in the amount of GnRh. The ovaries slow down the production of sex hormones (progestins, estrogens and androgens), up to the complete cessation of their production. It is a sharp decrease in these hormones that leads to menopausal changes in the female body..

Read about the norm of FSH and LH with menopause here.

If a woman becomes pregnant, can I drink OK?

Gynecologists assure that OK contains a very small amount of hormones, so if pregnancy occurs, they will not negatively affect the fetus, especially in the first 4 weeks.

However, if the first signs of future motherhood appear, it is still advisable to refuse to take OK and seek advice from a doctor.

The modern choice of hormonal pills gives an advantage to a woman to successfully cope with deviations in her health, to plan the birth of children. But in order not to harm the body, timely consultation with a specialist is needed. Independence in this matter is prohibited.

Article formatting: Mila Fridan

Early menopause (menopause)

Clinical features: climacteric signs, accompanied by the cessation of menstruation.

Diagnosis confirms elevated level FSH 3 months after amenorrhea in a woman under 40 years of age.

Premature menopause is caused by:

Primary and secondary ovarian insufficiency; radiation and/or chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm pelvic organs or any other localization; cancer of the reproductive organs; inflammation/infection; condition after hysterectomy; hereditary predisposition; genetic syndromes with ovarian hypoplasia: removal of the ovaries; autoimmune diseases; endometriosis; polycystic ovary syndrome; genital tuberculosis; long-term GnRH therapy; ovulation induction in infertility for IVF; type 1 diabetes; Addison's disease; hypothalamic-pituitary causes.

In some women, the cause of early menopause cannot be determined.

Behavioral triggers include:

Chronic nicotine and alcohol intoxication; obesity/underweight.

Treatment

: hormone replacement therapy and correction of the underlying disease, if any.

Red brush tincture

The red brush is endowed with useful properties due to its chemical composition:

• silver;
• chromium;
• molybdenum;
• cobalt;
• manganese;
• nickel.

Together, they rejuvenate and strengthen the immune system. To prepare a recipe at home, you need to take the root, rinse it thoroughly, finely chop and dry. Then combine 300 ml of unboiled water and 1 tbsp. the resulting funds, boil it all and cook over low heat for 15 minutes.

Infuse for half an hour, filter and drink about 100 ml before meals 3 times. The addition of honey interrupts the bitter taste and enhances the effect. You can drink this tincture for at least a month. For prevention, the tincture is drunk about 3 times a year.