Treatment of purulent mastitis in newborns. Mammary glands of newborns: engorgement and symptoms of mastitis in infant girls and boys

- acute infectious and inflammatory disease of the mammary gland in children in the first weeks of life. Manifested external changes areas of the mammary gland in the form of engorgement, bluish-purple skin over the affected area and local hyperthermia. There is always a general increase in temperature up to 39 ° C or more, it is possible to separate pus through the central duct of the mammary gland. Mastitis in newborns is diagnosed clinically and laboratory. Conducted conservative and surgery, tactics are determined by the stage of abscess formation.

General information

Mastitis in newborns is rare. In some cases, this condition is erroneously attributed to mastopathy of newborns with somewhat similar clinical symptoms however, the causes of the latter are hormonal and not related to infection. Neonatal mastitis is equally common in girls and boys. The relevance of the disease in pediatrics is associated with general anatomical features children of this age, severity pathological process, its danger to the life and health of patients. Rapid generalization of infection is possible with the development of sepsis, which significantly increases the risk to the life of the baby. On the part of parents, there is often an overdiagnosis associated with physiological engorgement of the mammary glands (newborn mastopathy), and subsequent self-treatment, which can seriously worsen the child's condition and adversely affect his health.

Causes and symptoms of mastitis in newborns

Mastitis in newborns develops due to infection of the tissues of the anterior chest wall. The main pathogens are staphylococcus and streptococcus. Predisposes to the development of infection, as a rule, a violation of the norms of caring for newborns, leading to the appearance of diaper rash, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich the pathogen is detected. A certain role is played by microcracks and injuries in the area of ​​the mammary glands, where the formation of primary focus infections. Mastitis in newborns most often develops during the period of physiological engorgement of the baby's mammary glands, which occurs in the first two weeks of life.

Mastitis in newborns usually manifests itself on the 7th-10th day of a child's life. Characterized by the development of typical signs inflammatory process. First, the seal in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe mammary gland, usually one-sided, attracts attention. At the same time, there is an increase in body temperature, often significant, up to 39 ° C and above. Palpation is painful, while the area above the affected gland is early stages not changed. Later, the skin over the focus of infection acquires a bluish-purple hue, the infiltration zone is replaced by a focus of fluctuation. This means that the abscess in this area has already formed. Hyperthermia continues to grow, due to intoxication, the general condition of the child suffers. On palpation, a slight discharge of pus is possible, sometimes pus is released spontaneously.

Diagnosis and treatment of mastitis in newborns

The basis of diagnosis is a physical examination and history taking. On examination, the pediatrician detects an infiltrate or fluctuation zone, local and general temperature increase. On palpation, a purulent discharge can be seen. AT general analysis blood revealed leukocytosis with a shift to the left and other signs of infection. The causative agent is reliably determined after examining the contents of the abscess. Mandatory differential diagnosis mastitis of newborns with mastopathy, which occurs in almost all children after birth. This state also manifested by engorgement of the mammary glands and hyperemia (there are some signs of inflammation). The main difference is the absence of infection as such.

In the phase of infiltration, conservative therapy is carried out. Physiotherapy is shown by UHF and UVI methods, treatment local funds. Already on this stage antibiotic therapy begins, the drug is selected empirically. After the formation of a focus of infection, surgical treatment of mastitis in newborns is carried out. Mastitis is opened with radial incisions that do not affect the areola. More often than not, multiple cuts are used. After opening, pus is separated. The incisions are drained for several days, dressings with hypertonic solution are added to the treatment for faster sanitation of the focus of infection. Antibiotic therapy continues, while it is possible to select the drug, taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen, established during the study of purulent discharge.

Forecast and prevention of mastitis in newborns

The prognosis of mastitis in newborns is favorable. The outcome is usually complete cure. In some cases, infection may spread soft tissues with the formation of phlegmon. This complication poses a threat to life due to the rapid development of sepsis with multiple organ failure. Treatment is only surgical, the child is observed in the ward intensive care and resuscitation. Complications of mastitis in newborns are rare and, as a rule, are the result of late diagnosis, which means carelessness or inexperience of parents, since the infection often develops after discharge from the hospital. Preventive measures are compliance with the rules for caring for a newborn and regular examinations of the child's body.

For many, mastitis is associated with inflammation of the mammary glands during lactation, but this disease can affect not only adult women, but also young children. Mastitis in newborns is diagnosed relatively often, it’s just that in some it is physiological and goes away on its own after a few days, while in others it can take an infectious form.

Physiological mastitis

Inflammation of the mammary gland or physiological mastitis can occur in both boys and girls. It manifests itself for the first time weeks of life in the form of swelling of the mammary glands, a change in the color of problem areas, and sometimes discharge from the nipples of a substance similar to colostrum.

• Discharge from the genitals in girls. They are not abundant, odorless.
• Slight swelling of the genitals in boys.
• Acne different localization, it can appear in one area gradually disappear and appear in another.

Such reactions are provoked by the body's natural adaptation processes to new conditions, and in particular, hormonal changes. Previously, hormones came through the tissues of the mother, and now they are regulated normal concentration must a small body itself.

Treatment

Physiological mastitis does not require special treatment if there are no signs of deterioration in well-being. After 5-7 days, the swelling will subside, but only if there are no other pathological processes.

It is very important to observe the behavior of the baby and the condition of the mammary glands, it is strictly forbidden to try to squeeze out more secretions from the mammary glands, this can provoke the development of real purulent mastitis.

To exclude various kinds of pathologies, you need to show the child to the pediatrician or pay attention to the state of the mammary glands of the patronage nurse, who relatively often visits the baby in the first months of life.

Purulent mastitis

The inflammatory process, accompanied by suppuration in the tissues, refers to infectious or purulent mastitis. In babies, immunity is poorly developed, so there is a high probability of a generalization of the process. The disease is serious and in the absence of adequate and timely treatment leads to grave consequences. Infection provokes pathology that enters the body of the baby different ways. In the absence of timely treatment, irreparable things can happen.

Causes

Sometimes parents themselves provoke purulent mastitis improper care for a child or self-treatment physiological swelling of the mammary glands. Rubbing, compresses and other manipulations with the delicate skin of an infant lead to infection and, as a result, mastitis. In addition to this reason, there are other factors that can provoke the disease:

1. Pressing on the chest to extract as much of the discharge from the nipples as possible.
2. Insufficient hygiene of the baby, rare water procedures.
3. Tight clothing, as well as made of synthetic materials. Although basically everything for newborns is made from natural fabrics, synthetics are present in some clothes, which can be a source of irritation.
4. Congenital pathologists.
5. Infection through contact with a mother who may be a carrier of the infection.

Often, it is insufficient care or self-medication that leads to the fact that hormonal mastitis turns into purulent, which is the main fault of the parents. Such situations occur in both newborn girls and boys.

Symptoms

Signs of pathology are clearly manifested and cause great anxiety to the newborn. To characteristic symptoms mastitis include:

• Swelling, swelling of tissues. Usually problems occur on one side, but the infection can spread to both at once.
• Redness of a separate area on the chest, sometimes the skin can take on a purple color.
• An increase in temperature, a jump can be sharp immediately up to 39-40 ° C.
• Behavioral changes. The kid becomes lethargic, whiny, refuses to eat.
• Discharge in the form of pus, a specific smell may be present.

If the newborn has similar symptoms, then medical attention should be prompt. Self-medication, lotions and compresses with drugs, the effect of which is not confirmed by the doctor's recommendations, is contraindicated. Such actions can aggravate the situation, the infection will begin to spread rapidly throughout the body.

Treatment

Mastitis in newborns can be successfully treated, the main thing is to seek medical help in a timely manner. The therapeutic scheme may differ depending on the clinical picture of the disease.

If the pathology is at the beginning of its development, only small areas in the chest area are infected, then it will be possible to do only conservative treatment. It includes the use of antiseptic and anti-inflammatory drugs. local application, physiotherapeutic procedures, as well as taking antibacterial drugs.

If mastitis has passed into the stage when foci of suppuration have formed, then complex treatment, including and surgical methods. For each child, a certain most sparing therapeutic regimen is selected and it may include:

1. Surgical intervention to remove the formed pus. As a rule, drainage is not applied in such cases. In the future, topical antiseptic preparations are prescribed, which are necessary to prevent repeated relapses.
2. Antibiotics a wide range actions, but adapted for newborns relatively active ingredient, doses.
3. Vitamin complex. If the baby is breastfeeding special food and supplements can be recommended to the mother herself.
4. Physiotherapy.

With a timely visit to the doctor, even with the formation of pus in the mammary glands, the prognosis for recovery is favorable. Complications are likely if left untreated, which leads to phlegmon and the spread of infection throughout the body. Such conditions are critical and lead to death.

Mastitis is one of the most common breast diseases, which is characterized by infectious and inflammatory processes in the breast tissue. This inflammation has a high spread rate. The effect of inflammation is expressed in the purulent destruction of the glands and breast tissues, which can lead to blood poisoning. First of all, it is worth getting acquainted with the symptoms and types of mastitis for girls who are just preparing to become a mother.

An infection leads to inflammation, which in the vast majority of cases is caused by Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium causes non-critical lesions skin in the form of blackheads, etc. But it can also lead to dangerous phenomena (meningitis, pneumonia, mastitis, etc.). It is the penetration of staphylococcus into the breast tissue that causes breasts (the old name for mastitis).

Nowadays, doctors are increasingly faced with cases of mastitis, which are caused by a whole complex of bacteria that have entered the mammary gland and caused an infectious inflammation with suppuration. Most often, these are gram-positive staphylococci and gram-negative E. coli.

Mastitis in women is lactational and non-lactational. lactation mastitis occurs during lactation (especially in girls giving birth for the first time). Non-lactation mastitis appears even in non-nursing, aged 15 to 60 years. It is logical to assume that the causes of mastitis of each of the forms are different, but there are common factors among them:

• Decreased immune capacity of the body, which cannot suppress inflammation.
• Stagnation of milk in the breast (lactostasis) is a common cause of mastitis.
• The presence of direct routes for the penetration of bacteria into the mammary gland (wounds, nipple cracks).
• Mastopathy and other diseases of the breast. Their complications lead to infectious inflammation(mastitis).

Risk Factors for Mastitis

hit Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens into human breast tissues will not necessarily lead to inflammation and suppuration. Inflammation of the breast in women is caused by anatomical and systemic factors that reduce the body's ability to suppress infection in mammary glands oh, or facilitating the work of bacteria:

• Hormonal imbalance leading to mastopathy.
• Microcracks and other damage to the nipple and areola (especially when feeding).
• Surgical interventions, cicatricial formations in the mammary glands.
• Anomalies in the shape of the nipples - flat, lobular and others.
• Severe pregnancy, late toxicosis.
• Small patency of the ducts of the mammary gland, too a large number of excreted milk.
• Diseases that lower the immune system.
• Stress conditions, insomnia and other psychological complications.

The disease "mastitis" is manifested due to the imperfection of the milk channels, insufficient development of the nipple, violations of the technique of feeding and expressing milk.

Symptoms of mastitis

Symptoms of mastitis vary depending on the form of inflammation, as well as the current stage of mastitis. In general, one can distinguish common features mastitis, which are observed in patients:

• Appearance discomfort in the chest area. With the development of mastitis and the growth of inflammation, discomfort develops into pain.
• The breast increases in size, swelling of the mammary gland is observed. With bilateral infection, both mammary glands are susceptible to these changes.
• Reddening of the skin over the site of inflammatory processes is observed, it is accompanied by local swelling of the chest tissues. When touched and palpated, pain is felt.
• Increase and occurrence pain in the lymph nodes. Particularly in the armpits.
• Weakness of the body as a whole. The patient develops malaise and constant lethargy, loss of appetite.
• The body temperature rises. On the initial stages diseases up to 37-38°C. At the final, up to 39-40°C.
• The stage of abscess development (late forms of mastitis) is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, headache. All this develops into convulsions and loss of consciousness, the patient is often in an infectious-toxic shock. At timely treatment, this group of symptoms can be avoided.

Clinical forms of mastitis

Under clinical picture mastitis refers to the development of inflammation in a woman, 1-4 weeks after the birth of a child (the most common cases of mastitis). Classification of mastitis reveals two main forms of inflammation: chronic and acute. Chronic mastitis does not cause significant harm to human health, the disease proceeds locally and does not spread through the tissues.

Two ambiguous forms of mastitis can be distinguished:

• Plasma cell mastitis, it is also called periductal mastitis. It is not inflammation in the truest sense of the word. There is an expansion of the ducts of the mammary gland, in which there is a creamy content (plasma, lymphocytes, histiocytes). At times, purulent discharge from the mammary gland through the nipple occurs. Often confused with mastopathy or cancer. It predominantly occurs in older women.
• Fibrocystic mastitis, its development is associated with a violation of hormone levels and pathologies thyroid gland. Represents painful lumps inside the mammary glands. Most often manifested in girls during puberty and in women during menopause.

Types of mastitis are associated with the stage of development of the disease.

Serous

The initial stage of development of mastitis. It is very easy to confuse it with banal lactostasis. Mastitis begins to develop on 2-5 days of stagnation breast milk. In the department of the mammary gland, where stable lactostasis is observed, the tissues are impregnated with serum (serum). There is a local inflammation of the breast tissue, even without exposure to harmful microorganisms. A timely trip to the doctor (mammologist, gynecologist, therapist) will prevent the development of inflammation and quickly recover from mastitis.

There is a thickening of the chest area at the site of stagnation, the temperature of the affected area rises locally, swelling and pain are observed (typical companions of inflammation). Expressing milk causes pain and does not provide relief. If the disease is ignored, mastitis develops into a more severe purulent inflammation.

infiltrative

Infiltrative mastitis is characterized by the accumulation of a mixture of lymph, blood and cell particles in the breast tissues (which is called infiltrate), which can occur in a chronic form. The reason for the development of the infiltrative form of the disease is the defeat of pathogenic bacteria. The duration of the stage is influenced by the body's immune reserves and the aggressiveness (quantity) of staphylococcus, or its union with other bacteria. This type of mastitis is able to quickly move to the next stage of the development of the disease. At acute form, or recurrence of the chronic form of mastitis, patients have leukocytosis.

Abscessing

This type is associated with the formation of abscesses. Purulent mastitis begins 4-6 days after the appearance of an infiltrate in the chest tissues. Painful sensations intensify, the breast tissue looks like a spongy material saturated with pus. On palpation, there is a sensation of fluid movement. There is persistent intoxication (weakness, headaches, etc.). If at this stage there is no surgical intervention- mastitis passes into the terminal (destructive) stages.

Phlegmonous

Further development of purulent inflammation. An abscess causes complete swelling of the affected part of the body, redness of the chest is adjacent to the bluish color of the surface tissues. Touching the chest causes sharp pain. The nipple is retracted inward. Body temperature fluctuates between 38-39°C (febrile). Purulent mastitis in some cases is accompanied by convulsions and loss of consciousness. Hospitalization for phlegmonous mastitis is strictly required.

Gangrenous

The last type of mastitis is gangrenous mastitis. The affected breast is much larger than the healthy one. Areas affected by necrosis are visible. The necrosis of breast tissues causes infectious-toxic shock. The destructive stage of mastitis leads to death. But there are chances for a cure for gangrenous mastitis.

Forms, depending on localization

Mastitis is also classified according to the place of occurrence:

• Intramammary localization of mastitis - inflammation occurs in the depths of the mammary glands and affects the glandular tissue. Occurs most often.
• Subcutaneous and subareolar mastitis - the area of ​​suppuration of the breast tissue is superficial. With subcutaneous localization, inflammation is located in any area under the skin of the chest. With subareolar localization, the breast tissue under the areola of the nipple is affected. The cause is small abscesses, infected wounds and other damage to the breasts and nipples.
• Retromammary mastitis is a breakthrough of purulent inflammation that occurs inside the breast tissues (retromammary region).

The manifestation of the disease in children and men

Mastitis in newborns in the vast majority of cases is confused with physiological mastopathy, which is also characterized by inflammation. Mastopathy refers to the signs of normal adaptation baby to life outside the womb. It is associated with an excess of estrogens that came from the mother during pregnancy. Ridding the baby's body of excess hormones causes breast engorgement in children. Inflammation is observed in children of both sexes, but in girls it is more common.

Purulent mastitis in newborns is very rare. It is associated with improper hygiene of the baby, ignoring prickly heat and microdamage to the nipples. It is not uncommon for parents' attempts to cure "mastitis" in a newborn (which is actually mastopathy) and lead to infection with a real disease.

Mastitis in men is also extremely rare. The reasons include diabetes, gynecomastia, tumors in the genital area, the use of anabolics and low-quality beer (estrogens). Exactly hormonal causes in most cases are the causative agents of male mastitis. Treatment is similar to women's.

Diagnostics

If pain and inflammation occur in the chest area, a person should immediately consult a doctor: a mammologist, pediatrician or gynecologist. The surgeon also treats mastitis.

The process of diagnosing mastitis does not cause difficulties. The patient's complaints, the results of palpation and laboratory tests are taken as the basis.

The following analyzes are carried out:

• Urine and blood analysis (general).
• The study of breast milk for bacteriological composition. The parameters of both mammary glands are compared. Enough for 1 ml of liquid.
• The study of the number of red blood cells in milk. They play the role of markers of inflammation.
• Acid-base balance and reductase are calculated.

At severe forms mastitis (abscess, phlegmonous mastitis), the patient undergoes a breast examination using ultrasound. Also examine the infiltrate of the affected mammary gland (puncture).

If diagnosis is difficult (usually chronic form mastitis), mammography is prescribed. Chronic mastitis involves a biopsy to diagnose cancer.

Conservative treatment

Treatment of mastitis with medicines allowed in the early stages. In this case, the patient should feel satisfactory: the temperature does not exceed 38 ° C, there is no purulent inflammation. Blood tests should show the absence of any changes.

If a drug therapy does not show effectiveness, preparation for the operation begins.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics and antibacterial drugs for mastitis are taken for 10-14 days. infectious cause mastitis is eliminated with drugs that contain amoxicillin. It suppresses Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus and other infections that cause purulent inflammation.

At the initial stages of inflammation of the mammary glands, treatment with penicillin antibiotics is allowed.

Analgesics

Analgesics are designed to reduce the level of inflammation and swelling, as well as relieve pain syndrome mastitis. Medicines can be supplemented with antispasmodics. Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, No-shpu, etc. are prescribed. The type of drugs depends largely on whether the woman is breastfeeding.

Antihistamines

Blockade of histamine receptors is important for large swelling of the mammary glands. This is especially true for people with reduced pressure as well as patients predisposed to septic shock. In the presence of purulent secretions in milk, lactation is suppressed by drugs.

Immunomodulators

One of the reasons for the penetration of infections is a decrease in immunity. Drugs such as Polyglobulin, Methyluracil, Antistaphylococcal gamma globulin and other immunity modulators are prescribed based on tests and anamnesis.

Vitamin complexes

Vitamins have a beneficial effect on the entire body, and also increase a person's ability to resist pathogens. In addition to fruits and vegetables, useful elements are obtained from vitamin complexes, such as Complivit, Undevit, etc.

Creams and ointments

Preparations with a local decongestant and anti-inflammatory effect for the mammary glands are prescribed in conjunction with the above medicines against mastitis. The ointment heals damage to breast tissues and eliminates the feeling of discomfort of the affected mammary gland. Assign Traumgel, Heliomycin, Progestogel and others.

Under no circumstances should you prescribe drugs to yourself. This may cause allergic reactions and complications of mastitis.

Surgical treatment

Starting with abscessed mastitis, effective treatment is surgical intervention. A small focus of purulent inflammation is treated by inserting a needle into mammary glands and pumping out pus. Antibiotics are then pumped into the devastated area to eliminate the inflammation.

A large abscess and multiple foci of inflammation imply an opening of mastitis. During the operation, the focus of inflammation is opened, and the pus is removed along with the affected tissue. Drainage is installed in the resulting cavity to pump out pus. After 3-4 days, the drainage is removed and a suture is made (if mastitis does not recur).

After surgical measures to eliminate mastitis, the patient undergoes therapy with infusion solutions. followed by antibiotics, nonsteroidal drugs against inflammation and immunomodulators.

Alternative treatment at home

Treatment at home is allowed only with serous mastitis or lactostasis. The doctor must agree to home therapy.

Compresses

Use of cold compresses on the chest is allowed:

• Pumpkin pulp boiled in milk.
• Honey cakes (flower honey and wheat flour).
• Tea mushroom.
• Shredded carrots.

cabbage wraps

Cabbage leaf is used for redness of the mammary glands. The cabbage is cooled and applied to the chest for an hour or two. You need to repeat the procedure at least 6 times a day.

Water massage

Rubbing with alcohol

Mastitis treatment folk remedies should not include exposure to high temperatures. Alcohol compress and wiping have a warming effect. Bacteria multiply rapidly in heat. This will speed up the transition of mastitis to the abscess stage.

Ice

When mastitis starts, applying ice will slow the spread of the infection and reduce discomfort. The ice pack should be wrapped in a towel to prevent frostbite. The duration of the sessions is no more than 3 minutes.

Honey

Honey has a disinfectant and antibacterial effect. Promotes healing of wounds. Make cold honey compresses on the chest can be no more than 2 times a day.

Essential oils

Essential oils added to compresses on the chest. Mint helps to lower the temperature, fir kills bacteria and reduces inflammation. Camphor oil acts as a pain reliever. Essential oils are prohibited when breastfeeding (with lactostasis).

Medicinal herbs

Decoctions are made from herbs, which are used in compresses against mastitis. Oral intake is allowed with the consent of the doctor.

• Sage - suppresses the function of lactation, a weak antibiotic.
• Alder reduces inflammation.
• Chamomile is a native antiseptic, the effect is noticeable in infectious mastitis.
• Sweet clover works as an antispasmodic.

Complications of mastitis

Any infection accompanied by inflammation, especially with the participation of Staphylococcus aureus, can give complications in the form of septic syndromes:

• Pericarditis.
• Meningitis.
• Infectious-toxic shock state.
• The appearance of several purulent inflammation- pneumonia, osteomyelitis, etc.
• DIC syndrome.

With the timely intake of drugs, complications of mastitis are not observed.

Prevention of mastitis

Prevention of mastitis is a set of measures that minimizes the risk of the occurrence and development of purulent inflammation:

• The speedy elimination of stagnation of milk in the mammary glands.
• Breast hygiene, especially when feeding.
• Timely healing of chest injuries.
• Normalization of hormone levels.
• Restoration of immune functions.
• Regular examination of the mammary glands by a mammologist.

Since the absence of damage to the breast tissue helps to avoid mastitis, it should be special attention approach the choice of bra. It should be the right size, comfortable shape and made from natural fabrics.

You should not start even a slight inflammation of the breast and hope that it will pass by itself. Seek medical attention if mastitis is suspected as soon as possible.

The baby, having been born, begins to adapt outside the womb to independent life. During pregnancy, the baby receives a lot from the mother through the placenta. female hormones, which subsequently, after birth, decrease sharply, which leads to a strong hormonal surge, called a sexual crisis.

Swelling of the mammary glands is one of the main signs of its manifestation. Such a physiological process can lead to infection of the gland in a child, as a result of which mastitis may occur. With insufficient care for the baby, the infection can penetrate through damaged areas of the skin, or through the excretory ducts of the mammary gland.

It should be noted that mastitis in children is typical for both girls and boys. Basically, it appears in the first month of a baby's life.

Mastitis is an infectious process, so the main cause of mastitis is the ingress of various fungi and microbes into the tissue of the gland.

Often the causative agents are:

- streptococcus,

- Mycobacterium tuberculosis;

- staphylococcus,

- Escherichia coli.

abrasions, cuts, festering wounds, the ducts of the glands on the nipple, are the main conductors through which microbes begin to function.

Causes of childhood mastitis

Factors that develop mastitis in an infant:

- weakened body due to reduced immunity;

- hypothermia;

- trauma to the chest, for example, bruise, cut, cracked nipples;

- imbalance of sex hormones.

Symptoms of mastitis

The main symptoms of mastitis are:

- pain in the mammary gland and an increase in its size;

- redness of the skin of the gland;

- weakness, lethargy, chills, anxiety, refusal to eat,;

- compaction, determined by palpation.

Stages of mastitis

Mastitis in children is divided into three stages: serous, infiltrative, purulent.

Depending on the progressing stage, various symptoms appear. Treatment of mastitis is necessary, since each stage replaces the next.

1. Serous mastitis(microbes that develop inside cause inflammation) is characterized by:

- deterioration general condition;

- redness of the mammary gland;

- chills, accompanied by fever;

- a small seal that can be felt;

— aching pain in the chest area.

2. Infiltrative mastitis (swelling of the gland tissue occurs):

- intensify chest pain;

— fever does not subside;

- in armpit an increase in the lymph node is visible;

— a sedentary seal can be well defined.

3. Purulent mastitis (seal filled with pus):

- the temperature becomes higher;

- the swelling grows, changing the chest outlines;

- the skin of the chest is hot and all red;

- throbbing pain, a pronounced character in the chest;

— The lymph nodes start to hurt a lot.

Treatment of childhood mastitis

If the first suspicions of mastitis appear in a baby, you should not resort to independent measures, you should immediately consult a doctor. Treatment of mastitis in children takes place only in stationary conditions.

Conservative treatment is prescribed at the initial stage in the absence of purulent discharge. To prevent the inflammatory process, dry heat, warm compresses and antibiotics are used.
When the process is started, purulent mastitis may occur in children.

When suppuration occurs, immediate surgical intervention is required. Specialists remove pus, insert drainage into the wound and apply bandages to help the resorption process. Physiotherapy, a course of vitamins and antibiotics are prescribed without fail.

With timely assistance, the treatment of mastitis in an infant is favorable. Running purulent mastitis in some cases can lead to blockage of some ducts of the mammary gland in girls, so when the first signs of mastitis appear, you should immediately seek help from a highly qualified doctor.

It is very important for parents not to miss the moment of detection of inflammation of the breast, if it may occur as a result of insufficient hygiene care. Mastitis can be detected by a pediatrician during regular routine checkups.

Physiological mastitis is often found, associated with adaptation to environment than purulent, so it does not require special serious measures. The main thing is to comply with hygiene standards in an enhanced mode.

It is strictly forbidden to get rid of the fluid that has appeared in the mammary glands of the baby on your own. With a noticeable discharge of fluid, the pediatrician will take everything necessary measures. Proper Care for a child, constant hygiene reduces physiological mastitis to nothing. For given inflammation until all symptoms disappear, any mechanical effects on the baby's glands should be avoided.

A newly born baby immediately begins to get used to living independently without a mother. During pregnancy, the fetus receives a large amount of hormones through the placenta, which, after it is born, can lead to their surge, which is also called a sexual crisis.

Swelling of the mammary gland is one of the symptoms of a sexual crisis in newborns. This process can cause infection of the gland, as a result of which mastitis appears. Usually, pathology develops due to non-compliance with the rules of hygiene. The infection penetrates through damaged areas of the skin or through thoracic ducts. Mastitis can develop in all newborns, regardless of gender. Most often in the first month after the birth of a newborn.

The main causative agents of the disease are:

• tuberculosis bacillus,
• streptococcus bacterium,
• staphylococcus bacterium,
• coli.

Microbes, getting into the mammary gland through cuts, purulent wounds, abrasions and ducts, are activated, and because of this, the inflammatory process begins.

The factors provoking the development of the disease are:

• hypothermia of the body,
• weakened immunity,
• hormonal imbalance,
• chest injury.

Symptoms

Mastitis in newborns may be accompanied by various symptoms, among which:

• temporary swelling of the mammary glands;
• redness of the skin in the affected area;
• high body temperature;
• changes in the behavior of the baby: lethargy, constant crying, poor appetite;
• the appearance of purulent discharge from the nipple.

Mastitis in newborns occurs in three main stages, each of which is characterized by the appearance of its own signs. In particular:

• Serous mastitis, in which pathogenic bacteria cause inflammation inside the mammary gland, manifests itself in the form of redness of the skin and is accompanied by a general malaise of the baby, chills and a slight induration.
• Infiltrative mastitis, in which edema occurs in the tissues of the mammary gland, manifests itself in the form of increased pain in the chest, high temperature, an increase in the lymph node in the armpit and the appearance of a seal in the chest.
• Purulent mastitis, in which the seal is filled with pus, manifests itself in the form of an even greater increase in temperature, progression of swelling and severe, throbbing chest pains.

Diagnosis of mastitis in a newborn

Mastitis in a newborn is diagnosed through a visual examination of the child, which is carried out by a pediatrician. He examines the mammary gland, measures the body temperature of the newborn. A sample of secretions is taken from the nipple for microbiological research. During it, the causative agent of the disease is detected and its sensitivity to the effects of antibiotics is determined. If necessary, the child is assigned a consultation with a pediatric surgeon.

Complications

In general, the disease is quite well and quickly cured, but on condition that the diagnosis and treatment of mastitis were carried out on time. If a child has physiological breast engorgement, it does not need to be treated - it goes away on its own within a few days. If hygiene rules are not followed or parents try to squeeze fluid out of the child's breast, this can lead to infection entering the ducts. As a result of infection, purulent mastitis may develop, which, without surgical intervention cannot be eliminated. Purulent mastitis is the main complication physiological mastitis. Without surgery, it is impossible to cure it.

It is important to remember that it is easier to prevent a disease than to treat it afterwards. Therefore, it is necessary to pay full attention to the health of babies and when the first anxiety symptoms contact your pediatrician immediately.

Treatment

What can you do

If parents have suspicions about the development of pathology in a newborn, there is no need to engage in self-treatment. You should immediately show the child to the doctor. Treatment of mastitis in infants is carried out exclusively in a hospital setting.

The process of inflammation of the mammary gland must be detected in time. In no case should you get rid of the secretions that form in the mammary glands of an infant. All required measures must be taken by the pediatrician. The task of parents is to properly care for the child, observe hygiene and be sure to follow the doctor's recommendations. In order for the symptoms of mastitis to disappear, it is necessary to exclude mechanical effects on the mammary glands of the newborn.

What does a doctor do

doctor prescribes conservative therapy baby if purulent discharge he does not have. To prevent inflammation, dry heat, antibiotic therapy, warm compresses can be prescribed. If the inflammation process is already running, the newborn may develop purulent mastitis. When it occurs, it is surgical intervention. Pus is removed surgically, drainage is inserted into the wound, and then bandages are applied. AT postoperative period prescribe physiotherapy, antibiotic therapy and vitamin preparations.

Prevention

Preventive actions to prevent the development of mastitis in newborns include:

• obligatory observance of hygiene of the baby;
• a visit to the doctor when the first signs of physiological mastitis appear (seals and pain in the mammary gland);
• protection of the newborn from hypothermia;
• timely access to a doctor for infectious diseases.