Dysentery treatment and care. Treatment of dysentery in adults at home

04.03.2020 -

After the pathogen of dysentery enters the body, the first signs of the disease appear on average after 3 days, in some cases after 7. The first symptoms of the pathology are an increase in the central body temperature, usually up to 38 degrees, followed by chills and fever.

In rare cases, the temperature can reach 40 degrees, which completely eliminates home treatment. The feverish state persists for about 3-5 days, then the temperature begins to drop. Occasionally, dysentery occurs without an increase in temperature, but this does not mean that the course of the disease is too mild, since pathology can cause quite serious consequences.

The disease is characterized by intoxication of the body, so the patient may complain of headache, general weakness, loss of appetite. These signs are observed quite early and speak of intoxication, which begins to grow rapidly.

The signs described above are the symptoms that accompany the development of dysentery and are directly related to the pathological effects of the pathogen toxin. Signs of a different nature are associated with the effect of shigella (the causative agent of dysentery) on gastrointestinal tract.

Against this background, it is customary to distinguish several forms of dysentery:

colitis;
gastroenteritis;
gastroenterocolitic.

dysentery has bacterial nature, therefore, it most often occurs with damage to the large intestine, due to which colitis and gastroenterocolitic forms are mainly diagnosed.

Dysentery: characteristic symptoms

As a rule, dysentery most often proceeds according to the type of colitis, so it is advisable to consider precisely its signs.

The main signs of this form of dysentery are abdominal pain, the localization of which falls on the lower part of the small intestine. Pain is complemented by characteristic intestinal contractions and false urge to defecate. With dysentery, emptying is always scarce, with a mild form, the stool is liquid and with an admixture of mucus, with severe - slight discharge with streaks of blood.

With a mild disease, defecation can be up to 5-10 times a day, in severe cases - up to 50. Against this background, the patient has significant dehydration, requiring rehydration treatment. Also, severe odds of pathology are characterized by the development of intestinal disorders. motor activity(peristalsis), due to spasms and swelling, which often occur in dysentery.

In the case of pathology of gastroenterocolitic and gastroenteric forms, vomiting and diarrhea, already expressed, join the general signs of dysentery.

As a result, developing obvious symptoms dehydration of the body and violation of water and electrolyte balance. The insidiousness of dysentery lies in the ability to imitate any other intestinal infection, so the delivery of laboratory tests is an important aspect in making the correct diagnosis.

Chronic dysentery: symptoms of pathology

Incorrect or untimely treatment of dysentery provokes its transition into a chronic form. In this case, a recurrent and continuous form of the disease is distinguished.

In clinical practice, a recurrent form is more common, characterized by alternating exacerbation of dysentery and improvement in the patient's condition. Symptoms of chronic dysentery are equated with the symptoms of pathology moderate.

In some cases, dysentery can run continuously. However, this phenomenon is rare and is diagnosed mainly in elderly patients. Against the background of the continuous course and age of patients, progressive dysbacteriosis, disruption of the digestive tract and general exhaustion of the body are added to the standard symptoms of pathology.

Dysentery: treatment at home

How and how to treat dysentery at home? It should be noted right away that the treatment of dysentery at home is allowed for mild forms of pathology. As the disease progresses and more serious signs(they were mentioned above) you should contact the infectious diseases department of a medical institution.

With simple forms of dysentery in adults, when the symptoms are not expressed, it is quite possible to treat at home. If you notice the first symptoms of the disease - increase fluid intake, and also enter the drug Regidron. The tool is used to restore the acid-base balance in diarrhea and vomiting due to acute intestinal infections (acute intestinal infections). Please note that with this disease, the reception is excluded antidiarrheal drugs. Further treatment is prescribed only by a doctor, it should be comprehensive and selected individually.

At mild degree dysentery, the following antibacterial drugs are most often prescribed:

Furadonin;
Nitroxoline;
Macrofoam.

With a disease of moderate severity, stronger drugs are prescribed:

Ofloxacin;
Enterofuril.

In case of severe forms of the disease, antibiotics and antibacterial drugs are prescribed. a wide range actions, as a rule, 3-4 generations:

Ofloxacin;
Tsiprolet;
Ceftriaxone.

With pronounced intoxication, crystalloid solutions in the form of droppers can be added to the main treatment. Also, in any form of dysentery, enterosorbent preparations are prescribed and enzymatic agents(Atoxil, Pancreatin). Atoxil eliminates signs of intoxication and removes toxins, Pancreatin- normalizes the work of the intestines and pancreas.

For elimination intestinal spasms and pains are prescribed Drotaverine(antispasmodic) and Nalgezin forte (pain reliever). AT without fail appointed Regidron to eliminate dehydration.

In addition to standard dysentery, there are other types of diseases that require a special approach to therapy. Thus, Sonne and Flexner's dysentery is treated with the help of a dysentery polyvalent bacteriophage. The drug is approved for use by adults and children from 6 months.

The chronic form of pathology also has its own characteristics. Comprehensive treatment includes not only taking antibacterial agents and rehydrate solutions, but also a course of immunomodulating agents.

Treatment of dysentery is impossible without diet. As a rule, products that provoke fermentation in the intestines are excluded: fruits, bread, some types of vegetables, smoked meats, semi-finished products.

Without fail, increase fluid intake (water without gas, dried fruit compotes) up to 2-3 liters per day.

Treatment of dysentery at home: diet

To achieve the highest possible therapeutic effect, drug therapy must be accompanied by a certain diet, diet. Prescribe gentle products, namely dietary table according to Pevzner (No. 4). During the rehabilitation period, it is recommended to observe table number 2, on average it is about 4 weeks.

All dishes must be boiled or steamed. It is allowed to eat meat and fish of low-fat varieties, cereals on the water, crackers or yesterday's bread, vegetable / meat broths, jelly, not strong tea, compotes. all food should contain a minimum amount of salt and acid, the use of hot spices and peppers is excluded.

When treating dysentery at home, as well as during the rehabilitation period, the intake of alcoholic beverages, carbonated water, canned food, legumes, and fresh pastries is completely excluded.

Basically, the diet is the basis on the table for patients with exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease. Therefore, all meals are divided into 5-6 times, portions are small.

Treatment with folk remedies

It should be noted right away that the use of traditional medicine recipes is advisable in combination with drug treatment, when both therapies enhance therapeutic effect each other. Treatment folk remedies as the main therapy is not justified.

As additional ways treatment, you can use the following methods of traditional medicine:

Burdock juice. Take 1 teaspoon 3-4 times a day before meals.
Herbal collection. Consists of wild rosemary leaves, marshmallow root, oregano. All components are mixed in equal proportions and brewed. Drink 25 ml every 3 hours.
Blueberry. Dry berries are used. For 1 liter of boiling water, 250 grams of berries are brewed in a water bath and drunk 50 ml 3-4 times a day.
Herbal collection No. 2. In equal quantities are taken: plantain, mountaineer pepper, Ivan-tea, marshmallow root. The mixture is infused in a water bath with a ratio of 1 to 2. Take 100 ml 3 times a day before meals.

To reduce the severity of unpleasant symptoms, you can use an alcohol extract of propolis. The tool is sold in pharmacy chains, apply at the rate of 1 teaspoon per 450 ml of water. Take 100 ml 3-5 times a day. The therapeutic course is 7-10 days. Please note that this recipe is not suitable for patients with intolerance to bee products.

In the absence of an allergy in a patient, it is recommended to eat not a large number of natural honey. Such a product contributes to the faster elimination of Shigella during bowel movements. Due to this, recovery is observed much faster.

The detonators of this disease are bacteria belonging to the genus Shigella. These pathogens are able to multiply in salads, vinaigrettes and other food products from 3-60 days. In some cases, the duration of their existence in this environment can be increased by 2 times.

Sources of infection:

sick. Infection occurs through close contact, as well as through dirty hands. In order to prevent the risk of infection, the patient must wear a gauze bandage. It is not expensive, so everyone can afford it;
"chronic" carriers of bacteria. They secrete pathogens into external environment along with feces. The term for isolating shigella does not exceed seven days. But, as a rule, it can take up to 2-3 weeks.

The most susceptible to infection are citizens with the second blood group.

How does infection occur?

When these microorganisms are destroyed, a poisonous substance is accentuated, which in fact causes the manifestation of dysentery. As it has already become clear, the gastrointestinal tract is mainly affected, with predominant localization in the large intestine. Upon admission to circulatory system toxic substances, the adrenal glands and other organs are affected digestive tract. They also affect the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Incubation lasts 1-7 days, but the period can be reduced to 12 hours. When pathogenic microorganisms enter the stomach, they will remain in it for several hours. After overcoming the acid barrier, they enter directly into the intestines. There they attach to its inner walls and begin to produce the toxin. It increases the release of salts and fluid into the intestinal lumen.

These microorganisms begin to move briskly, thereby provoking more inflammatory processing in small intestine. The released toxin enters the bloodstream and causes the development of intoxication.

In one group of patients, a carrier state is formed, while in others, a chronic form is formed. This is due to the fact that in the absence of power immune system, the removal of pathogenic microorganisms from the body is delayed up to several months. The form and severity of dysentery depends on how a person became infected, and how many bacteria got into his body.

Symptoms

This disease manifests itself with the following initial symptoms:

high fever, chills;
feeling of weakness, malaise;
anorexia;
headache;
lowering blood pressure.

The destruction of the gastrointestinal tract is expressed unbearable pain. At first they will be blunt, distributed throughout the abdomen, then sharp, cramping, localized in the lower abdomen. As a rule, pain syndromes intensify before going to the toilet. Therefore, it is better not to start the treatment of dysentery (the doctor himself will tell about this).

Light form

It proceeds according to the following scenario:

the chill has a short period;
body temperature up to 38 degrees Celsius;
before going to the toilet, there are mild pains in the abdominal cavity. The frequency of bowel movements up to ten times a day, the content of blood and mucus was not detected. Feces are semi-liquid or mushy. Diarrhea and signs of infection persist for up to three days. Absolute recovery does not come as quickly as we would like: after 2-3 weeks.

Moderate form:

body temperature with chills reaches the mark on the thermometer up to 39 ° C, and lasts for several hours, sometimes up to 2-4 days;
worried about headache, anorexia, dizziness;
frequent urge to go to the toilet, a feeling of an incomplete bowel movement. This can be observed about 10-20 times a day. AT feces mucus with blood streaks is visible;
increased nervous excitability, pallor of the skin;
white thick coating on the tongue.

Stabilization of the gastrointestinal tract is observed no earlier than a month and a half.

Severe form:

pronounced intoxication, profound disorders of the cardiovascular system;
temperature reaches forty degrees and above. At the same time, patients begin to complain of weakness, unbearable headache;
hiccups, nausea, vomiting;
pain in the abdomen, accompanied by frequent urge to urinate and defecate. The chair can be observed more than twenty times a day.

The recovery period comes very slowly, 2 months. The diagnosis of "chronic form of dysentery" is determined only if the disease lasts more than 90 days.

ATTENTION! COMPLICATIONS: pneumonia, peritonitis, lesion nervous system, infectious-toxic shock.

Diagnostic measures

In order to make a true diagnosis for a person, specialists are obliged to carry out all the necessary laboratory research available in standard mode:

Detection of antigens of pathogens and their toxins in the blood, feces, urine, saliva. To do this, use immunological methods that have a high rate of specificity and sensitivity. This procedure is called rapid diagnosis of intestinal diarrheal infections.
Confirmation of the diagnosis "Dysentery". It is carried out by serological and bacteriological methods.

With a three-time study of seeding shingella from feces, it provides 100% confirmation of the diagnosis in almost half of the patients.

Treatment: dysentery

The prescribed therapy is based on the degree and form of the current disease. Basically, it should be strictly individualized and complex in order to achieve positive dynamics. So, patients with a severe form are assigned strict adherence to bed rest, with a mild form - a ward regimen and physiotherapy exercises, with a moderate degree - it is allowed to go to the toilet.

Therapeutic nutrition is the most important component of complex treatment. During the period of acute illness with significant intestinal pathologies, table number four is prescribed. When the patient's condition stabilizes a little: appetite appears and intestinal tract dysfunctions decrease, they are transferred to table No. 2. A few days before the person is discharged home, the patient goes to the common table. The remaining recommendations will be announced by the attending physician, they will need to be implemented before last day specified in the outpatient list.

Antibacterial therapy is prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of Shigella to the recommended drug. A combination of several antibiotics is prescribed only in extreme severe cases, and then, after a repeated laboratory work. Based on these indications, it is necessary to select a treatment regimen.

How long does dysentery take to cure?

Treatment, dysentery requires a very long, and preferably under the supervision of qualified professionals. But, as a rule, the duration of therapy is determined by the degree of the disease.

Moderate form: 5-7 days

During these days, the patient must take drugs belonging to the group of fluoroquinolones:

ciprofloxacin 1/2 tablet twice a day. If it is not available, you can take ofloxacin 0.2 grams twice a day;
cotrimoxazole - in the morning and in the evening on a tablet;
intetrix: two tablets three times a day.

With "Zonna" and "Flexner" (subspecies of bacteria), a polyvalent dysenteric bacteriophage is prescribed. The drug is available in tablet and liquid form. Take an hour before you sit down at the table - in the morning, afternoon and evening, 2-3 tablets. If you buy in the form of a suspension, then 30-40 ml the same number of times.

ATTENTION! Indicated during diarrhea plentiful drink. It can be: sweet tea, or 5% glucose solution. Also in pharmacies, they are sold ready-made. These are Regidron, Citroglucosalan, Gastrolit and some others. It will be a positive thing if these funds are constantly in home first aid kit. Indeed, often people go to the clinic with food poisoning, where vomiting and diarrhea are also a key point.

Mild dysentery: 3-4 days

At the height of the disease, one of these drugs may be prescribed:

furadonin 0.1 gr. four times a day;
nifuroxazide 0.2 gr. morning, afternoon, evening and before bed;
cotrimoxazole tablet twice a day;
intetrix to take 1-2 tablets three times a day.

Severe: 7 or more days

Assign ofloxacin 1/4 tablet for reception in the morning and evening. In addition, take fluoroquinolones in combination with aminoglycosides. Enzyme preparations are used to neutralize toxins. On continuation of the entire course of treatment, vitamin complexes are required.

Dietary nutrition for dysentery

As soon as one of the family members has all the signs of this disease, it is necessary to immediately give him individual dishes and personal hygiene products. In the midst of acute attacks, it is recommended to drink whey, clean water, Orange juice, weak and unsweetened tea. When it gets a little better, you can eat rice, cottage cheese and drink low-fat milk. Porridge is also allowed. They must be boiled in water without adding salt and sugar.

FORBIDDEN! Meat, coffee, sugar, white flour, spirits. It is necessary to carry out the transition to the usual diet very slowly and with extreme caution. Let's say, first use mashed vegetables and fruits, jelly, broths. After that (about a week later) fresh fish, eggs, cereals on the water from buckwheat and oatmeal, dairy products, stale rye or white bread.

Treatment with folk remedies:

take five small spoons of crushed marshmallow roots and marsh rosemary herbs (a couple of teaspoons) put in a liter glass jar. Pour a liter of boiling water over and leave for fifteen minutes. Take orally 1 tbsp. spoon with an interval of a couple of hours;
to stop diarrhea, you need to put medical cups on your stomach for 4 hours. If you do not know how to do it correctly, ask your doctor;
two teaspoons of crushed pomegranate bark pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. Abbot a few minutes, take throughout the day. According to a similar recipe, you can prepare a decoction;
strong antimicrobial agent Green tea has long been considered. To do this, you need 50 grams of dry leaf tea to brew a liter of water. Let it brew for about thirty minutes, boil for one hour. At the same time, not forgetting to stir, strain at the end. Do not throw away the remaining tea leaves after filtering, it is suitable for reuse. It is necessary to pour it with two cups of boiled water, boil for ten minutes over moderate heat and strain. Take 2 tbsp. spoons four times a day before you sit down at the table.

A positive result is also observed after drinking a decoction of blackberries, which is used instead of the usual tea. Before applying one of the prescriptions, coordinate it with your doctor.

For dysentery, or, as many call it, "disease dirty hands”, the symptoms are similar to many other intestinal infections, but there is a peculiarity. An admixture of mucus and blood appears in the patient's stools, which indicates damage to the intestinal wall. In this article, we will talk about the treatment of dysentery in adults, as well as the diet that should be followed in this disease.

The treatment of dysentery is based not only on the use medicines, it is necessary to comply strict diet because the intestinal mucosa is affected.

If the first symptoms of dysentery occur (abdominal pain, vomiting, up to 30 times a day, stools may be mixed with pus, mucus, blood, body temperature rises to 41 C), an ambulance should be called medical care or go to an infectious diseases hospital. The patient must be isolated, and after visiting the common toilet, the stool must be thoroughly washed off.

Before the doctor arrives, patients need to drink fluids. At home, in the absence of special powders for the preparation of solutions for rehydration (rehydron), you can drink boiled water, but it is better to cook saline solution(dissolve 2 tablespoons of sugar and 1 tablespoon of table salt in one liter of boiled water). Do not take antidiarrheal drugs (loperamide).

Treatment mild form diseases are possible at home, with more severe forms dysentery patients are usually hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital. Weak and elderly patients are also subject to hospitalization.

Treatment is based on antibiotic treatment. Currently, antibacterial drugs of the fluoroquinolone group (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin) and tetracycline series are recognized as effective in the treatment of dysentery in adults. The drugs are administered orally and taken before meals. Intravenous antibiotics are prescribed only for severe disease. The course of treatment is 5-7 days, depending on the severity of dysentery.

Since patients with dysentery are at risk of developing dehydration due to diarrhea, rehydration therapy is necessary. With mild and medium degree severity of the disease, oral rehydration is usually sufficient, it is recommended to drink 2-4 liters of fluid per day. You need to drink liquid often, but in small portions up to 50 ml. It is recommended to drink boiled water, saline solution, solutions of rehydron or oralit, sweet weak tea, compotes and berry jelly. If the disease is severe and the body is losing large amounts of fluid due to diarrhea and vomiting, intravenous fluids may be needed ( saline, 5% glucose solution, reopoliglyukin). The appointment of such infusion therapy it is also necessary for severe intoxication syndrome.

To remove toxins produced by bacteria from the body, it is recommended to take adsorbing agents (enterosgel, polyphepan, smecta). Enzyme preparations (mezim, creon, pancreatin) are prescribed to improve digestion. Elimination of intestinal spasm and reduction pain syndrome possibly with the help of antispasmodics (no-shpa, papaverine hydrochloride).

As a result of damage to the intestinal wall, as well as due to the use of antibiotics, a violation of the normal composition of the intestinal microflora very often occurs. For the treatment and prevention of dysbacteriosis, courses of eubiotics (Linex, Bifidumbacterin) are prescribed.

Diet for dysentery

To prevent dehydration, the patient should drink enough liquid before the arrival of the ambulance.

A therapeutic diet is very important in any disease of the gastrointestinal tract, and dysentery is no exception. In the acute period of the disease, patients are limited in food until the symptoms disappear. During this period, patients should drink liquids, and after the condition improves, the diet expands.

Of the special treatment tables for patients with dysentery, diet No. 4B is suitable, recommended for patients during the recovery period. Doctors advise to adhere to such a diet for at least a month after recovery.

Dishes are cooked in a double boiler, oven or boiled, coarse food must be crushed, as it can injure the damaged intestinal mucosa. You should eat at least 6 times a day in small portions.

It is recommended to eat lean meats, poultry and fish, crumbly cereals on the water, dried bread, dairy products, vegetables that do not contain coarse fiber(carrots, potatoes, cauliflower), fruits and berries without peel. Of the drinks, tea, compotes from berries, rosehip broth, fruit juices (except grape), diluted with boiled water, are allowed. From sweets, preference should be given to marmalade, marshmallows and marshmallows.

Soups on fatty broths, fatty meats and fish, semi-finished products, canned food, marinades, smoked meats, hot spices are excluded from the diet. From vegetables it is not recommended to use legumes. Do not drink coffee, cocoa, carbonated drinks.

Compliance with the diet helps to cure the disease much faster and reduce the risk of complications.

Which doctor to contact

If there are signs of an acute intestinal infection, in particular, dysentery, you need to contact an infectious disease specialist. AT recovery period advice from a dietitian can help proper nutrition, as well as a gastroenterologist to correct possible intestinal dysbiosis.

Dysentery is a general infectious disease caused by dysentery bacteria. The most common cause of the disease is shigella . Amoebic dysentery appears as a result of infection gnstolytic amoeba . With the development of this disease in humans, mainly the mucous membrane of the large intestine is affected.

Most often, dysentery is diagnosed in children aged two to seven years. But the disease can affect people from any age group. Less often, signs of dysentery are recorded in infants, since the child has a strong one in the first months, which he inherited from his mother. As a rule, in children infancy the disease can develop if the causative agent of dysentery was contained in water or food.

The symptoms of dysentery are mainly manifested in the summer. The infection spreads quickly, and if basic hygiene rules are not followed, the child may need treatment for dysentery. That is why the prevention of the disease consists, first of all, in strict adherence to general hygiene standards.

Amoebic dysentery

Amoebic dysentery (amoebiasis ) causes gnstolytic amoeba. Infection occurs when mature cysts of the histolytic amoeba enter the gastrointestinal tract through the mouth. A person can become infected if they drink raw water that has been contaminated, as well as by eating contaminated foods. Most often this disease is diagnosed in areas where the climate is very hot.

With this form of dysentery incubation period may last up to 30 days. There are three forms of the disease: extraintestinal , intestinal , cutaneous amoebiasis . The most common is intestinal amoebiasis. In turn, this form is subdivided into amoebic colitis and amoebic dysentery . With amoebic colitis, a person's appetite decreases, bloating is manifested, constantly alternating constipation and diarrhea . After the act of defecation, the patient constantly experiences the feeling that the intestines have not been completely emptied. The stool has a mushy texture, it contains mucus. Sometimes blood may also be found. Temperature in acute condition increases slowly and for a short period.

With amoebic dysentery, patients report severe pain, aching or cramping, liquid stool with blood and mucus, general weakness and malaise. The chair can appear up to 10 times a day. For 3 to 5 days, a moderately elevated body temperature persists. There is also bloating and plaque on the tongue. Sometimes doctors also note an enlarged liver.

With both varieties of amebiasis in humans, the ability to work, anemia, bad dream. In the process of rectal examination, ulcers are found in the distal colon, ulcers of the mucous membrane.

With extraintestinal amebiasis, the liver is most often affected, and amoebic hepatitis develops. Cutaneous amebiasis develops, as a rule, with an intestinal form.

As complications of amebiasis, pericolitis, intestinal, intestinal obstruction, lung abscesses, subdiaphragmatic abscesses.

Diagnosis is based on epidemiological data. The doctor examines the anamnesis in detail, examines the patient. Also an informative research method is sigmoidoscopy and parastoscopic studies of the patient's feces.

Treatment of amoebic dysentery involves compliance with diets , the use of pathogenetic and symptomatic drugs. Also, if necessary, patients are prescribed antihistamines, vitamins.

How is dysentery transmitted?

The causative agents of the disease are rod-shaped. They instantly die at a temperature of 100C, at a temperature of 60C they can last for about half an hour. In the feces, the pathogen dies after a few hours.

The infection spreads from patients with acute and chronic forms of the disease. Also, infection is possible from bacterial excretors, which are people with a mild course of the disease. Such patients, due to the ease of symptoms, do not go to the doctor. The infection can be transmitted through food and drink, and it is also carried by flies. Transmission of the pathogen can also occur through dirty hands.

Symptoms of dysentery

There are two forms of dysentery - acute and chronic . In the acute form of the disease, a person can get sick from 3-4 days to three months. If the disease lasts longer, then we are talking about a chronic form of dysentery. Duration in both cases can vary from 18 hours to 5 days.

If the patient has a moderate course of the disease, then its symptoms are more pronounced. Initially, a person feels weakness and malaise, he may be a little shivering. Later, cramping pains appear in the left side of the lower abdomen. The stool is liquid, with blood and mucus, its frequency sometimes reaches 25 times a day. In the first two days of the development of dysentery, the frequency of stool increases. In addition, the patient's body temperature rises, which can reach 39 degrees, he is worried about a headache. The temperature drops in 2-5 days.

In most patients, abdominal pain does not subside for a long time. Sometimes the pain does not subside even for a while. As a rule, the stomach hurts in the lower left part, however, some patients note that the pain is diffuse. Often also noted. In a severe form of acute dysentery, the onset of the disease is always violent. The patient is worried about very severe pain in the lower abdomen, which has a cramping character. The chair is liquid and very frequent, vomiting, nausea can be observed, the body temperature rises rapidly. In the feces, in addition to mucus and blood, pus can be detected. The patient's pulse quickens, blood pressure decreases, observed. Severe dysentery can last up to 6 weeks. If adequate treatment of the disease is not carried out, it can become chronic.

In a child with dysentery, the stool is immediately plentiful, but then its appearance changes, lumps of gray-green mucus appear in it. At this time, the child's body is very dehydrated. If the baby has dry mucous membranes, then we are talking already about a significant loss of fluid. Parents should also be aware of the fact that dehydration is more dangerous the younger the child.

In severe dysentery, the baby may develop cardiovascular failure , appear convulsions ,consciousness is disturbed . In this case, urgent hospitalization is important.

In a sick baby with dysentery, the limbs become cold, he constantly burps. Sleep is very restless and bad.

Diagnosis of dysentery

To diagnose dysentery in a patient, a bacteriological culture of feces is carried out in the laboratory. For the accuracy of the result of the study, the analysis is carried out three times. However, this method is not always suitable for diagnosis, since the results appear only after a week. In order to speed up the diagnosis of dysentery, it is practiced to determine the causative agent of the disease and toxins in the blood and feces.

In this case, immunological methods are used. To determine the presence of shigella, the polymerase chain reaction method is used.

In the process of establishing a diagnosis, the patient also undergoes a fecal analysis (coprogram). If there is a large amount of mucus in the test material and at the same time the number of leukocytes is increased and erythrocytes are present, then, most likely, the integrity of the intestinal mucosa is violated.

Treatment of dysentery

In the process of treating dysentery, the most important point is the destruction of pathogens. It is also necessary to restore the normal water-salt balance and ensure detoxification of the body. If the disease is severe, then the patient is treated in a hospital. light shape dysentery can be treated on an outpatient basis.

Effectively fight shigella medications belonging to nitrofuran series , as well as quinolines , fluoroquinolones . When prescribing antibacterial drugs, the doctor must be guided by the characteristics of a particular case. After all, it is important to take into account the sensitivity of the Shigella species to the specific drug being prescribed. The patient takes antibacterial drugs for 3-4 days if he is diagnosed with a moderate form of the disease. If we are talking about a severe form of the disease, then antibacterial agents appointed for 5 days.

During this period, the patient gradually improves general state body, the temperature returns to normal, the nature and frequency of stools also normalize. After the course of antibiotic therapy ends, the patient still has mild bowel dysfunction for several days. The chair remains liquid, its frequency is no more than three times a day. But at this time, antibiotics are no longer necessary.

If the patient is diagnosed mild degree diseases, then he is shown to drink plenty of water. The fact is that in the process of vomiting and diarrhea, the body loses fluid and salts. The most optimal drink will be water with the addition of soda, salt and sugar. You can also add a special preparation to the water rehydron . You need to drink in small portions and often. In severe patients, special solutions are administered intravenously in order to restore the water-salt balance.

In order to remove toxins from the body in the treatment of dysentery, a course of treatment with enzyme preparations is prescribed. The patients take calcium preparations . In addition, enterosorbents are used for treatment: Activated carbon , enterosorb , . They help to remove toxins from the intestines of the patient. The course of treatment also includes high doses of vitamins.

If there is a need to relieve a strong pain attack, then other drugs that relieve spasm are used for this purpose.

In the treatment of this disease, the right approach to nutrition is important. You can not eat those foods that enhance the fermentation processes in the intestines. These are milk, legumes, black bread, cucumbers, beets, cabbage.

When treating babies, special attention should be paid to nutrition. If the child refuses to eat categorically, then it is not recommended to force-feed him. During the period when the child feels better and he has an appetite, it is advisable to reduce the amount of food by half and increase it gradually. This will allow not to overload the body of a recovering baby. But the child should drink as much as possible. Compotes, fruit drinks are ideal for this.

Some also practice folk methods treatment of dysentery. However, they can be used only after the approval of the attending physician. You can prepare an infusion of oak bark, a decoction of honeysuckle flowers, an infusion of yarrow flowers. An effective remedy for the treatment of dysentery is the root of burnet, from which an infusion is also prepared. Also used are decoctions and infusions of plantain herb, fruits of bird cherry, blueberry, blackberry leaves.

The doctors

Medications

To prevent the disease, it is very important to comply with all sanitary and hygienic standards. In order to prevent mass infection of the population, strict sanitary supervision for enterprises that produce food products, provide public catering. It is equally important to control the water supply. All these measures are aimed at preventing the mass spread of intestinal infections.

Personal prevention measures are, first of all, regular and thorough hand washing. In addition, it is important to get rid of flies in the room in time and prevent them from coming into contact with food. Parents must make every effort to protect their child from infection. pathogens. It should be ensured not only that the child washes his hands after using the toilet and walks, but also to prevent the use of unwashed fruits and vegetables.

Diet, nutrition for dysentery

List of sources

Shuvalova E.P. "Infectious Diseases". - M.: Medicine. - 2001;
Pokrovsky, V.I. Bacterial dysentery / V.I. Pokrovsky, N.D. Yushchuk. - M.: Medicine, 1994;
Shakhmardanov M.Z., Luchshev V.I., Kornilova I.I., Sokolova L.V., Onukhova M.P. Shigellosis Flexner (clinic, diagnosis, treatment). Guidelines Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. M: Publishing house "Germes-MTK". 2000;
Yushchuk N.D., Brodov L.E. Acute intestinal infections: diagnosis and treatment. - M., 2001.

Dysentery is an area of study for gastroenterologists. Dysentery in adults is as common as in children. The disease equally occurs at any age, in patients of any gender. The main difference between dysentery in adults is different intensity symptoms (depending on the general condition of the body). In children, the nature of the disease is often rapid, accompanied by rapid dehydration and requires immediate hospitalization. Symptoms of dysentery in adults are rapid, develop rapidly, worsening the general condition of the patient. Dysentery is a highly contagious disease, so its spread is quite fast. Dysentery requires medical intervention and rapid relief of foci of invasion.

The nature of the disease

acute form

Acute dysentery is characterized by a rapid, often primary episode of the disease. The symptoms of the disease are pronounced, intensity and degree of impact on the patient's body are determined by the duration of the disease, the features of the general clinical history. There are several forms of acute dysentery:

The first signs of dysentery in an adult depend on the form of the disease, the classification of pathogens. Each type of acute lesion is characterized by specific symptoms.

Chronic form

The chronic course of the disease often occurs after inadequate treatment of the acute form. or with her long course. Usually chronic dysentery occurs with a general weakened immunity of the patient, with regular non-compliance preventive measures, with several episodes of infectious lesions of the intestine and other organs of the epigastrium.

Often clinical manifestations are a reflection of the course of the disease. The chronic form rarely has severe symptoms, when in the acute course the patient experiences strong signs ailment. Types of dysentery can occur as a result of the penetration of a specific environment into the patient's body.

Etiological factors

Infectious inflammation of the intestine can be caused by several factors, which boil down to non-compliance with hygiene standards in everyday life. Dysentery in adults occurs in one direct way - fecal-oral, but the routes of infection can vary considerably. Thus, the main routes of infection are distinguished:

Clinical picture

Signs of the onset of an infectious disease are often characterized by the intensity of manifestations, strongly affecting the general well-being of patients of any age. The symptomatic picture for dysentery has several stages:

First stage;
peak of illness
decrease in intoxication;
recovery.

Under initial stage understand the incubation period with a gradual increase in general signs of intoxication. The height of the disease is characterized by pronounced symptoms, depending on the form of the course of dysentery. Fading is reduced to a gradual recovery. It is worth noting that recovery occurs 2 weeks after the fading period, because even after a visible improvement in well-being, the patient continues to be a carrier. Among the main signs of dysentery are:

chills and feeling hot;
feverish state;
weakness and weakness;
emotional instability;
headache, migraine;
lowering blood pressure;
violation of the heart rhythm;
pain in the epigastric region.

The disease is characterized by primary symptoms of colitis:

the appearance of tenesmus (the urge to defecate with severe pain);
dryness of the oral mucosa;
decreased acidity of digestive juices;
symptoms of intoxication grow rapidly, accompanied by vomiting, liquefaction of the stool (up to 15 urges per day).

Soreness after the act of defecation is not eliminated. The stool contains bloody or mucous inclusions, which indicates the development of dysbacteriosis. Usually, an increase in temperature, a decrease in blood pressure is a harbinger intestinal disorders, but with the gastroenteric variant of the manifestation of the disease, a complex of symptoms occurs simultaneously. With severe intoxication and with a high frequency of urges, dehydration may develop, which is dangerous due to a decrease in urine output, often requiring infusion therapy.

Chronic dysentery during periods of exacerbations, it suggests frequent stools with a greenish frothy structure, liquid or mushy consistency. With the chronicity of the disease, patients note a strong loss in weight. Timely diagnosis and exclusion of possible comorbidities can significantly reduce the risks dangerous complications(typhoid fever, peritonitis, inflammatory lung diseases), stop the development of pathogenic conditions.

Differential Diagnosis

Diagnostic measures are necessary for a quick diagnosis, exclusion of serious pathological conditions with similar symptoms. The main research methods include the following:

patient complaints;
study of clinical history;
blood test (biochemical);
analysis of feces, urine (detailed);
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
visual examination of the patient's body (presence or absence of a rash).

Food poisoning. In this condition, there is no severe cramping pain in the iliac part of the peritoneum due to the absence of damage to the large intestine. There is also no urge to defecate.
Salmonellosis. With salmonellosis, feces have a shade of marsh mud, light or dark greenish in color.
Amoebiasis. The disease is not accompanied by fever, febrile syndrome. Fecal masses include blood and mucous components that resemble raspberry-colored jelly. The main causative agent is an amoeba.
Cholera. The disease is not accompanied by pronounced signs of colitis, it begins with severe diarrhea, vomiting, and the color of feces resembles rice water. There are no false urges to defecate.
Typhoid fever. The disease has no signs of specific colitis, but it appears pink rash, severe hyperthermia, the cavity of the large intestine is affected.
Intestinal colitis. If colitis is of a non-infectious nature, then often it occurs due to toxic damage to the body with uremic syndrome, with pathological development small intestine, cholecystitis, gastritis of various nature. Usually the disease does not have seasonality and special antecedent factors against the background general health patient.
Haemorrhoids. With inflammation hemorrhoids, as well as with advanced hemorrhoids after the act of defecation, the appearance of bloody inclusions in the feces can be noted. The disease proceeds without pronounced inflammatory foci in the rectum.
oncogenic formations. Colon cancer is accompanied by severe diarrhea with blood. The character of the stool is regular. There are symptoms of general intoxication, but the rapid nature of the disease, as in dysentery, is absent.

Timely determination of dysentery and the type of its pathogen allows you to draw up the necessary treatment plan, speed up the recovery of the patient, and eliminate the risks of complications of the disease.

Dysentery and pregnancy

The gestational period in women of any trimester, complicated by the course of dysentery, is a serious complication of pregnancy. At future mother noted great weakness, fever, signs of general intoxication, vomiting and nausea. The main danger of the condition is a strong contraction of the uterine cavity, which can lead to miscarriage or premature birth. Seizures false calls to defecation provoke prolapse of the rectum as a result of frequent pulling.

Treatment of dysentery must be carried out within the walls of a hospital under the constant supervision of specialists who know everything about dysentery. After a thorough diagnosis and other studies (drawing up a general obstetric and gastroenterological history), the general clinical status of the patient is determined, and appropriate treatment is prescribed. Treatment for dysentery includes taking antibacterial drugs with considering individual features female patients.

All drugs should be as safe as possible for the fetus and expectant mother.. Bed rest, plenty of warm fluids, balanced diet and intake medicines is the key to successful therapy. The disease presents dangerous consequences for the fetus due to the possibility of intrauterine infection.

Treatment tactics

Treatment of dysentery can be carried out both at home and in a hospital. Hospitalization is usually required for a aggravated course of the disease, with a pronounced symptomatic picture.. Hospitalization is also necessary if it is impossible to treat at home, without proper patient care. The main treatment course involves treatment with the following drugs:

antibiotics (from the group of fluoroquinols, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins);
saline solutions (regidron, glucosolan, oralit and others);
eubiotics (tablets bactisubtil, primadophilus, linex and others);
absorbents and enterosorbents (polysorb, enterosgel, polyphepan, smectin).

If necessary, it is recommended to use antispasmodic drugs, astringents and vitamin remedies from dysentery. In parallel, you need to drink plenty of water, take immunomodulators, various enzyme complexes, for example, festal, creon, mezim. Metiluracil is effective. Intestinal infection and its chronic forms are also treated with microclysters, physiotherapeutic procedures. It is important for patients to follow a special diet that excludes fatty, spicy and other aggressive foods. It is unacceptable to consume alcohol, coffee, dairy and sweet products. Complete nutrition should resume only after 2-3 weeks of treatment. The diet after the disease should be enriched with vitamins, satisfying and healthy.

Traditional medicine methods

Before treating the disease at home, you should consult with a specialist. Treatment of dysentery in adults with folk remedies makes it possible to alleviate the condition of patients, enhance the effect of certain drugs, and has a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora. The main recipes include:

propolis on alcohol with water;
burdock juice;
infusions of chamomile, thyme, calendula;
golden mustache, water;
garlic and onions (garlic infusions);
cherries or grapes;
hemorrhagic root.

Herbs and medicinal extracts at home must be made with special knowledge. Many doctors practice traditional medicine along with prescribed medication. It is worth noting that dysentery is not treated only with homemade recipes. Medical treatment much faster than non-traditional methods. At infectious inflammations organs of the gastrointestinal tract, timeliness and speed are very important to exclude relapses in the chronic form and complications in a protracted acute process. The duration of the disease also depends on the speed of the treatment started.

Forecast and preventive measures

The prognosis is mostly favorable, with timely complex treatment acute forms dysentery chronic pathology occurs extremely rarely. In some cases, after the transfer of infection, residual functional disorders of the large intestine (postdysenteric colitis) may persist.

General measures for the prevention of dysentery imply compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards in everyday life, in food production and at enterprises. Catering, monitoring the state of water sources, cleaning sewage waste (especially disinfection of wastewater from medical institutions).

Patients with dysentery are discharged from the hospital no earlier than three days after clinical recovery with a negative single bacteriological test (collection of material for bacteriological research not earlier than two days after the end of treatment). Food industry workers and other persons equated to them are subject to discharge after a double negative result of bacteriological analysis.